Wild leymus racemosus moving dune artificial cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wild leymus racemosus moving dune artificial cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of seed introduction and treatment, greenhouse seedling raising, seedling drought resisting exercise, windproof water retention measures, dune fixing and seedling transplanting. According to the method, the technical problem that no mature artificial cultivation method for the leymus racemosus on the moving dunes exists at present is solved, and a foundation is laid for successful introduction of the leymus racemosus in the moving dunes in Gansu province. According to the method, greenhouse seedling raising, seedling drought resistance training, wind prevention and water retention and sand dune fixing experiments are passed, the seedling protection rate in the current year can reach 85-99%, and the height of the seedlings is 28-68 cm. The method provides technical support for large-area popularization of leymus racemosus in moving dunes in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of artificial cultivation of windbreak and sand-fixing plants, and more particularly to an artificial cultivation method of wild Leymus dasyphylla mobile sand dunes. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of the Hexi Corridor-Taklimakan Desert Edge Blocking War, the research and development of new materials for windbreak and sand fixation active sand barriers has not only become an important way to win this battle and realize the national strategic needs of sand control, but also a classic scientific problem that has been explored for a long time in the discipline of desert control. At present, active sand barriers are mainly trees and shrubs, which consume a lot of water, grow slowly, and have a low preservation rate. In addition, the continuous decline in groundwater levels makes the maintenance cost of tree and shrub sand barriers that rely on groundwater to survive increasingly high. Therefore, screening for sand-dwelling herbaceous plants that can utilize a small amount of precipitation from sand dunes, are super drought-resistant and have a large biomass, have a well-developed root system, and expand quickly will become a major direction for the future development of active sand barriers.

[0003] Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvel. is a perennial herb belonging to the Gramineae family and the genus Leymus. It is native to the mobile sand dunes and sandy grasslands of Xinjiang. Leymus racemosus has the following characteristics: (1) It has a large biomass and grows rapidly. In one growing season, the plant can reach a height of more than 1 meter, and can reach 1.8 meters in places with good water. The main stem is about 1 to 2 cm thick, and the leaves grow in clusters around it, which has a good wind and sand blocking effect. (2) It has a well-developed root system, and the underground roots run horizontally, quickly forming a sheet-like "root network" with a good sand fixation function. (3) Leymus racemosus is a super drought-resistant plant. It can grow normally at temperatures between 40℃ and -40℃ and is not affected by frost and heat damage. (4) It is resistant to barrenness and has no strict requirements on soil. It likes to grow in sandy land with sufficient sunlight and poor nutrition. (5) It has a long growing season and can remain green from April to November, and it still remains green even after the fruits are harvested in July and August.

[0004] It can be seen that the large-leaved grass meets the current requirements for screening new materials for windbreak and sand fixation plants in the Northwest Sandy Area. Large-leaved grass uses two methods of individual reproduction, tillering and seed propagation. Seed propagation can spread the windbreak and sand fixation function of large-leaved grass to suitable mobile sand dunes in my country. Therefore, the use of seed seedlings is the first step in the development of artificial cultivation methods for large-leaved grass on mobile sand dunes, and the cultivation method of large-leaved grass on mobile sand dunes is of great value to the development of its active sand barriers and the improvement and expansion of its windbreak and sand fixation functions.

[0005] Leymus japonicus is a wild plant that grows on the moving sand dunes of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang. It is not distributed in the moving sand dunes of Gansu Province and has no history of introduction and cultivation. Therefore, there is currently no mature method for artificial cultivation in moving sand dunes. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus japonicus on mobile sand dunes. Through seed introduction, greenhouse seedling cultivation, field seedling hardening and sand dune transplanting, a method for artificially cultivating Leymus japonicus on mobile sand dunes is explored, laying a foundation for improving the wind-proof and sand-fixing functions of Leymus japonicus.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Seed introduction and treatment

[0010] (1.1) From July to August every year, we collected seeds of Leymus japonicus with bracts from the mobile sand dunes or sandy land in Xinjiang. The collected seeds were stored at room temperature with ventilation in an environment with relative humidity <30%;

[0011] (1.2) Before sowing, soak the seeds in NaClO3 solution for 5 minutes, take them out and rinse them repeatedly with distilled water 3 to 5 times to complete disinfection;

[0012] (1.3) Soak the sterilized seeds in warm water 3 days before sowing, change the water every 6 hours, stir for 3-5 minutes after each water change, repeat 10-12 times and set aside;

[0013] Step 2: Seedling cultivation

[0014] (2.1) The sowing period of Leymus dasyphylla is from April to July every year, that is, it can be sown at room temperature of 15-35℃, and as the temperature rises, the emergence time becomes shorter;

[0015] (2.2) First, spread 6 cm thick fine sand in the seedling container, then place the seeds treated in step 1 in the center of the fine sand, then cover with 2 cm thick coarse sand, water until saturated, and finally cover the coarse sand with 0.5 cm thick fine sand. Keep the sand moist during the seedling raising period until the seedlings emerge;

[0016] Step 3: Drought training for seedlings

[0017] (3.1) Level the nursery ground, build a 40cm high earth ridge around it, and then spread 20cm thick fine sand inside the ridge;

[0018] (3.2) Transplant the seedlings when they are 5 to 8 cm tall. Water the seedlings thoroughly before transplanting. Place the seedling container directly on the seedling ground during transplanting. Fill the gaps between the seedling containers and between the seedling containers and the soil ridge with sand.

[0019] (3.3) After the seedlings are moved to the nursery ground, they are watered for the first time. The watering is done by flooding the seedlings with water, and the watering interval is gradually extended.

[0020] Step 4: Sand barrier setting and water conservation measures

[0021] (4.1) Select mobile or semi-mobile sand dunes with a vegetation cover of less than 5% and a windward slope of less than 30°, and set up high vertical sand barriers 5 to 10 m in front of the windward slope in a direction perpendicular to the wind direction;

[0022] (4.2) Water the target dunes, then dig V-shaped trenches and ridges. Finally, cover the trenches and ridges with degradable white plastic film, compact and drain the gas under the film, cover the trench bottom with 3-5 cm thick fine sand, dig trenches on the ridges, put the excess plastic film on both sides into the trenches, then cover with sand and compact, and open planting holes at the bottom of the trenches;

[0023] Step 5: Transplanting the seedlings

[0024] After the drought-resistant training in step three, the seedlings are transplanted when their height reaches 12-15 cm. Flood and water thoroughly 2 days before transplanting. On the 3rd day, the seedlings are transplanted into the planting holes at the bottom of the ditch. After transplanting, water them and then cover the planting holes with fine sand to seal the holes.

[0025] Preferably, the mass concentration of the NaClO3 solution in step (1.2) is 0.1%.

[0026] Preferably, the warm water in step (1.3) is at room temperature.

[0027] Preferably, the seedling raising container in step 2 is a non-woven nutrient pot with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 8 cm, and 8 to 10 seeds are placed in each nutrient pot.

[0028] Preferably, both fine sand and coarse sand are collected from mobile sand dunes where no plants have been cultivated, the particle size of the coarse sand is 300-330 nm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 170-200 nm.

[0029] Preferably, the gradually extending watering interval in step (3.3) is as follows: the first two waterings are once a week; the middle two waterings are once every two weeks; the last watering is once a month, and weeding is done 1 to 2 times during this period.

[0030] Preferably, the high vertical sand barriers in step (4.1) are arranged in 3 to 5 rows.

[0031] Preferably, the watering standard for the target sand dunes in step (4.2) is: the water poured on the surface of the sand dunes penetrates into the wet sand layer and connects with it; the angle of the "V"-shaped ditch is 60°, the ditch width is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 22 cm, the ridge width is 20 cm, two ridges and one ditch form a row, and the row spacing is 80 cm.

[0032] Preferably, in step (4.2), the spacing between the planting holes at the bottom of the ditch is 1 m.

[0033] Preferably, the amount of watering after transplanting in step 5 is 1 kg / nutrient pot.

[0034] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus davidianus in mobile sand dunes, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention solves the technical problem that there is no mature cultivation method for large-scale artificial cultivation of large-scale grass in mobile sand dunes at present, and provides technical support for large-scale artificial cultivation of large-scale grass in mobile sand dunes in my country. The present invention can achieve a preservation rate of large-scale grass of 85-99% in the same year and a seedling height of 28-68 cm through greenhouse seedling cultivation, field drought resistance training, sand barrier establishment, quicksand fixation and water conservation measures. If the technology is widely promoted in sandy areas in my country, it can not only enrich new materials for windbreak and sand fixation, but also fix a large number of mobile sand dunes, and can also protect the ecological environment of sandy areas and increase farmers' economic income. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] 1. Seed introduction and treatment

[0039] 1.1 Seed introduction

[0040] Every July and August, we collect seeds (caryopsis) of Leymus maximus from small mobile sand dunes or sandy land at the edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert. The seeds are green, yellow and black in color. All seeds with bracts can be used for the experiment.

[0041] 1.2 Seed treatment

[0042] 1.2.1 Seeds stored at room temperature: Store the seeds of Leymus japonicus in cotton bags, and avoid rodent, insect and water damage during storage, which may affect the vitality of the seeds. The storage temperature can be room temperature, and the relative humidity is <30%. The seeds should be stored in cotton bags and should not be sealed.

[0043] 1.2.2 Seed disinfection: Seeds need to be disinfected before sowing. The seed disinfection method is to soak the seeds in a 0.1% NaClO3 solution for 5 minutes, then rinse them with distilled water for 3 to 5 times to wash away the residual NaClO3 solution on the surface of the seeds.

[0044] 1.2.3 Seed germination: There is no dormancy in the germination of Leymus dasyphylla seeds, but they absorb water slowly. Therefore, they need to be germinated before sowing. This method uses repeated soaking in warm water, as follows:

[0045] Soak the sterilized seeds in warm water (room temperature) 3 days before sowing, change the water every 6 hours, stir for 3-5 minutes after each water change, repeat 10-12 times and set aside;

[0046] 2. Greenhouse seedling cultivation

[0047] 2.1 Sowing period: The growth period of big lily grass is relatively long. As long as the sandy soil temperature is suitable for seed germination, it can be sown. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 15-35℃. In Minqin area, it can be sown from late April to the end of July. The higher the room temperature, the faster the germination speed.

[0048] 2.2 Seeding method: Use non-woven nutrient pots for seedling cultivation, the size of the nutrient pot is 10cm in height and 8cm in diameter; the sand is coarse on top and fine on the bottom, the thickness of the upper sand is 2cm, and the thickness of the lower sand is 6cm. The sand is collected from the mobile sand dunes, and the sand that has been used to cultivate plants is not used. The particle size of coarse sand is about 320nm, and the particle size of fine sand is about 180nm;

[0049] The specific operation steps are as follows: first, fill the nutrient pot with 6 cm of fine sand, then place 8 to 10 seeds (regardless of size and color) in the center of the sand surface, then cover with 2 cm of coarse sand, and water until saturated; finally, cover each nutrient pot with 0.5 cm of fine sand;

[0050] 2.3 Management during the seedling stage: There will be no diseases and insect pests during the seedling raising period of the big leucopsis. The main thing is water management. The first watering must be thoroughly watered, and then observe every day. If the sand surface turns white, add water immediately to keep the sand moist at all times. If sowing at the end of April, it will take at least 20 days for the seedlings to emerge; if sowing in May, it will take about 15 days for the seedlings to emerge; if sowing in July, it will take about 12 days for the seedlings to emerge;

[0051] 3. Drought resistance training of seedlings

[0052] 3.1 Seedling land preparation: First, level the seedling land, make a 40cm high earth ridge around it, and then spread 20cm thick fine sand;

[0053] 3.2 Transplanting of seedlings: Transplant when the seedlings are 5-8cm tall. Water the seedlings thoroughly before transplanting. When transplanting, place the nutrient pots in the nursery ground so that each nutrient pot is close together, and fill the surroundings with fine sand so that the sand surface inside and outside the nutrient pots is level;

[0054] 3.3 Drought resistance training: After the seedlings are moved to the nursery ground, water them for the first time. Water them by flooding with water, and submerge the seedlings. Water them once a week for the first two times; water them once every two weeks for the middle two times, and once a month for the last time. Weed 1 to 2 times during this period.

[0055] 4. Wind-proof and water-retaining measures and sand dune fixation

[0056] 4.1 Selection of mobile sand dunes: Select mobile or semi-mobile sand dunes with a vegetation coverage of less than 5% and a windward slope of less than 30 degrees;

[0057] 4.2 Establishment of high vertical sand barriers: 3 to 5 rows of high vertical sand barriers are set up 5 to 10 meters in front of the windward slope and perpendicular to the wind direction;

[0058] 4.3 Sand dune fixation and water conservation measures: First, water the quicksand area to be fixed so that the dry sand layer is connected to the wet sand layer. Then, dig trenches and make ridges. The trenches are made into a "V" shape with an angle of 60 degrees, a trench width of 30cm, a trench depth of 22cm, and a ridge width of 20cm. Finally, cover the trenches and ridges with a 1.4m wide degradable white plastic film (film width 140cm) and press them tightly to drain the gas under the film. Cover the trench bottom with 3-5cm fine sand, dig trenches on the ridges, put the extra 20cm film on both sides into the trenches, and then cover with sand and compact it. Two ridges and one trench form a row, and the distance between rows is 80cm (this distance can be shortened in quicksand areas with high precipitation). The above steps are carried out in sequence of watering + trenching + film covering. After completing one row, start the next row;

[0059] 5. Transplanting seedlings

[0060] 5.1 Transplanting time: preferably from the end of May to the beginning of August each year;

[0061] 5.2 Transplantation process: When the height of the drought-resistant seedlings reaches 12-15cm, they can be transplanted. 2 days before transplanting, flood and water thoroughly, and transplant on the 3rd day. Try to avoid damaging the root hairs sticking out of the nutrient pot during transplanting, and avoid the seedlings from wilting due to excessive water loss during transportation. After the seedlings are transported to the destination, transplant them in the hole at the bottom of the ditch (holes are made in advance at a spacing of 1m at the bottom of the ditch, with a hole diameter of 10cm and a depth of 12cm), then cover the nutrient pots with 1-2cm of sand, so that the nutrient pots are completely buried in the sand and the seedlings are exposed. Water after transplanting, and the watering standard is 1kg of water per nutrient pot seedling.

[0062] Experimental example

[0063] Height and save rate statistics:

[0064] 1. Height Statistics

[0065] At the end of October each year, statistics of seedling heights were conducted, with the maximum height of each seedling in a nutrient pot exposed above the sand surface being used as a standard. The height of the Leymus japonicus seedlings planted by the method of the present invention was measured with a ruler and was found to be 28 to 50 cm.

[0066] 2. Statistics on the preservation rate of the year

[0067] At the end of October each year, combined with the statistics of seedling height, the survival rate of each row is counted. The statistical standard is that as long as the seedlings are exposed above the sand surface and have not died, they are considered alive. The survival rate of Leymus chinensis cultivated by the method of the present invention can reach 85-99% in the same year.

[0068] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0069] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Seed introduction and treatment (1.1) From July to August every year, we collected seeds of Leymus japonicus with bracts from the mobile sand dunes or sandy land in Xinjiang. The collected seeds were stored at room temperature with ventilation in an environment with relative humidity <30%; (1.2) Before sowing, soak the seeds in NaClO3 solution for 5 minutes, take them out and rinse them repeatedly with distilled water 3 to 5 times to complete disinfection; (1.3) Soak the sterilized seeds in warm water 3 days before sowing. Change the water every 6 hours. Stir for 3-5 minutes after each water change. Repeat 10-12 times before use. Step 2: Seedling cultivation (2.1) The sowing period of Leymus dasyphylla is from April to July every year, that is, it can be sown at room temperature of 15-35℃, and as the temperature rises, the emergence time becomes shorter; (2.2) First, spread 6 cm thick fine sand in the seedling container, then place the seeds treated in step 1 in the center of the fine sand, then cover with 2 cm thick coarse sand, water until saturated, and finally cover the coarse sand with 0.5 cm thick fine sand. Keep the sand moist during the seedling raising period until the seedlings emerge; Step 3: Drought training for seedlings (3.1) Level the nursery ground, build a 40cm high earth ridge around it, and then spread 20cm thick fine sand inside the ridge; (3.2) Transplant the seedlings when they are 5 to 8 cm tall. Water the seedlings thoroughly before transplanting. Place the seedling container directly on the seedling ground during transplanting. Fill the gaps between the seedling containers and between the seedling containers and the soil ridge with sand. (3.3) After the seedlings are moved to the nursery ground, they are watered for the first time. The watering is done by flooding the seedlings with water, and the watering interval is gradually extended. Step 4: Sand barrier setting and water conservation measures (4.1) Select mobile or semi-mobile sand dunes with a vegetation cover of less than 5% and a windward slope of less than 30°, and set up high vertical sand barriers 5 to 10 m in front of the windward slope in a direction perpendicular to the wind direction; (4.2) Water the target dunes, then dig "V"-shaped trenches and make ridges. Finally, cover the trenches and ridges with degradable white plastic film, compact and drain the gas under the film, cover the trench bottom with 3-5 cm thick fine sand, dig trenches on the ridges, put the excess plastic film on both sides into the trenches, then cover with sand and compact, and open planting holes at the bottom of the trenches; Step 5: Transplanting the seedlings After the drought-resistant training in step three, the seedlings are transplanted when their height reaches 12-15 cm. Flood and water thoroughly 2 days before transplanting. On the 3rd day, the seedlings are transplanted into the planting holes at the bottom of the ditch. After transplanting, water them and then cover the planting holes with fine sand to seal the holes.

2. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of NaClO3 solution in step (1.2) is 0.1%.

3. The artificial cultivation method of wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The warm water in step (1.3) is at room temperature.

4. The artificial cultivation method of wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the seedling raising container is a non-woven nutrient pot with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 8 cm, and 8 to 10 seeds are placed in each nutrient pot.

5. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both fine sand and coarse sand were collected from mobile sand dunes where no plants were cultivated. The particle size of coarse sand is 300-330nm, and the particle size of fine sand is 170-200nm.

6. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (3.3) of gradually extending the watering interval is as follows: the first two waterings are once a week; the middle two waterings are once every two weeks; the last watering is once a month, and weeding is done 1 to 2 times during this period.

7. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus davidianus in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high vertical sand barriers described in step (4.1) are arranged in 3 to 5 rows.

8. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus dasyphylla in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The watering standard for the target dunes in step (4.2) is: the water poured on the surface of the dunes penetrates into the wet sand layer and connects with it; the angle of the "V"-shaped ditch is 60°, the ditch width is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 22 cm, the ridge width is 20 cm, two ridges and one ditch form a row, and the row spacing is 80 cm.

9. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus davidianus in mobile sand dunes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4.2), the planting holes at the bottom of the ditch are spaced 1m apart.

10. The method for artificially cultivating wild Leymus davidianus in mobile sand dunes according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 5, the amount of water applied after transplanting is 1 kg / nutrient pot.