Fresh corn early spring seedling transplanting method suitable for southern Xinjiang

Abstract

The invention discloses a fresh corn early spring seedling transplanting method suitable for southern Xinjiang, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The invention discloses a fresh corn early spring seedling transplanting method suitable for southern Xinjiang. The method comprises the steps of variety selection, fresh corn seedling culture, transplanting, field management and ear harvesting. According to the fresh corn early spring seedling transplanting method suitable for southern Xinjiang, direct seeding is replaced with corn seedling transplanting, the fresh corn can be promoted to appear in the market 15 days earlier than the normal seeding period, concentrated marketing of the fresh corn is avoided, the selling price of fresh ears is increased, the planting benefits of the fresh corn are increased, and yield and income increase of farmer households is promoted; the market value of the fresh corn is improved, a good business opportunity is provided for vast farmers, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and more particularly to an early spring seedling raising and transplanting method for fresh corn suitable for southern Xinjiang. Background Art

[0002] The planting area of ​​fresh corn in my country has reached 25 million mu, a 500-fold increase in 40 years, with an output value of nearly 90 billion yuan, making it the only crop in the history of modern Chinese agriculture that has developed so rapidly. Research on high-yield cultivation technology of fresh corn is of great significance to increasing farmers' income.

[0003] Xinjiang has a current area of ​​about 300,000 mu of fresh corn. The economic benefits of planting are high, but the seed price is also high. Therefore, the current fresh corn adopts precision seeding, dry seeding, wet water and fertilizer integrated cultivation technology, but this technology is affected by the spring temperature, and the temperature needs to be stable above 12°C before it is suitable for sowing. The temperature in southern Xinjiang rose in late March and early April, which is suitable for sowing fresh corn. At this time, the sowing of fresh corn is relatively concentrated, resulting in a concentrated time to market, causing great market competition pressure, and low prices affect farmers' economic income. Based on this, it is necessary to put fresh corn on the market early to seize the market and increase the price of fresh ears.

[0004] Therefore, providing a method for early spring seedling raising and transplanting of fresh corn suitable for southern Xinjiang is an urgent problem to be solved by technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for raising seedlings and transplanting fresh corn in early spring suitable for southern Xinjiang. By transplanting corn seedlings instead of direct seeding, fresh corn can be put on the market 15 days earlier than the normal sowing period, avoiding concentrated listing of fresh corn and increasing the selling price of fresh ears.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for early spring seedling raising and transplanting of fresh corn suitable for southern Xinjiang, the specific steps are as follows:

[0008] 1) Variety selection: Wannuo 2000;

[0009] 2) Fresh corn seedling cultivation

[0010] (1) Seedling raising time: In the southern Xinjiang plain area, seedlings are raised in greenhouses using seedling trays in mid-March;

[0011] Planting seeds: lightly press a small hole in each hole, put the seeds in and cover with a layer of seedling medium, then move the seedling tray to the seedling shed; the sowing depth is 2-3cm;

[0012] (2) Seedling raising environment: Maintain greenhouse humidity from 68-72% from seedling emergence to 4-leaf stage, and drop to 64-66% from 5-6 leaves; the suitable temperature is 20-25°C; at 2 pm, roll up the film and ventilate for 1 hour;

[0013] (3) After the seedlings emerge, water them once a day with a watering can. Harden the seedlings when they have 2-3 leaves and transplant them one week later. Stop watering 3 days before transplanting. Prepare the plot for drip irrigation under the film before transplanting to keep the soil moisture content at 40-50%;

[0014] 3) Transplanting time: Manual transplanting is carried out in early April, one plant per hole, with a transplanting density of 4,000 plants per mu. Water is dripped while transplanting. When the transplanting is completed, the soil moisture content reaches 85%, and the survival rate is above 85%.

[0015] Furthermore, the early spring seedling raising and transplanting method for fresh corn suitable for southern Xinjiang also includes 4) field management and 5) cob harvesting;

[0016] 4) Field management

[0017] (1) Seedling replacement

[0018] After transplanting, check the seedlings in time, add water in time, and add seedlings in time if there are any missing seedlings to ensure full seedlings;

[0019] (2) Cultivation and removal of tillers

[0020] Intertillage: Intertillage should be carried out when the seedlings have 6-8 leaves after transplanting, and it should be carried out every 7 days for 2 times;

[0021] Removing tillers: Remove tillers when they have 8-10 leaves and grow to 18-22 cm;

[0022] (3) Water management

[0023] Drip irrigation is used, and water is irrigated 10 to 12 times during the whole growth period. From the jointing stage, water is irrigated every 5 to 7 days according to the temperature and soil conditions, and the dripping amount is 28m 3 / 666.7m 2 , irrigation during the whole growth period is 280-336m 3 / 666.7m 2 ;

[0024] (4) Fertilizer management

[0025] During the jointing stage, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer three times with water drops, 10 kg / mu each time, and match it with 3 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer + 500 g / mu of microbial agent; during the trumpet stage, apply monoammonium phosphate type water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid twice with water drops, 8 kg / mu each time, and match it with 4 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer + 500 g / mu of microbial agent; during the powder-loosening and silking stage, apply high-efficiency potassium type water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid twice with water drops, 7 kg / mu each time, and match it with 5 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer;

[0026] (5) Pest control

[0027] A cutworm

[0028] A1 Agricultural Control

[0029] Thoroughly remove weeds before corn seedlings emerge and remove them from the field in a timely manner; use black light to lure and kill cutworms;

[0030] Every 666.7m 2 Place 4 black light lamps, 100m away from each other and 2m high; from July 13 to 25, the lights will be on from 20:00 to 6:00 the next day;

[0031] A2 Chemical Control

[0032] 20 days after transplanting the fresh corn seedlings, drip irrigation with chlorpyrifos solution was used, according to 1000ml / 666.7m 2 Add the dosage to the flushing tank, and after dripping clean water for 3 hours, open the valve of the flushing tank to drip the medicine;

[0033] B. corn borer

[0034] B1 Agricultural Control

[0035] Before sowing, remove crop stalks and weeds from the plots; use high-pressure mercury lamps or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to lure and kill stem borers during the period when the overwintering adults occur;

[0036] B2 Biological and chemical control

[0037] Use Beauveria bassiana to control the first generation of corn borer during the corn trumpeting period: Use a biological mixer to mix Beauveria bassiana powder and talcum powder in a ratio of 1:20 to make production powder, and add 5-8g / 666.7m 2 Weigh the required amount of powder for production, mix it with fine sand to make granules, and sprinkle it on the heart leaves of corn at the flare stage, with a dosage of 2.5kg / hm 2 ;

[0038] In late June, the first generation of adults emerged and laid eggs. Trichogramma wasps were released artificially in the field. Depending on the occurrence of pests, the number of bees released was 40,000 to 55,000 / 666.7m 2 , the interval between each bee release is 3 to 5 days, and it should be repeated 3 to 4 times;

[0039] (6) Disease prevention and control

[0040] Tumor smut: Choose disease-resistant varieties; prevent mechanical damage to reduce the chance of pathogen invasion; remove and destroy diseased tumors before they mature and rupture to reduce field spread; implement crop rotation for more than three years over a large area;

[0041] Top rot: Choose disease-resistant varieties; Cut off diseased leaves: For corn plants with severe heart leaves that are twisted and rotten, use scissors to cut off the leaves above the tassel, and take the cut diseased leaves out of the field and bury them deeply;

[0042] 5) Harvesting of fruit bunches

[0043] (1) Harvest time

[0044] Fresh glutinous corn is harvested 23 to 28 days after silking, when the moisture content of the kernel reaches 60% to 65%.

[0045] (2) Harvesting method

[0046] Fresh corn is mainly harvested manually, with a large area harvested mechanically, and harvested on the same day and processed or sold promptly;

[0047] (3) Storage

[0048] Harvest, transport and stack fresh corn separately to ensure it is not mixed with ordinary corn;

[0049] (4) Mode of transportation

[0050] The transportation shall be carried out by non-polluting means of transportation and shall not be mixed with other toxic or hazardous items.

[0051] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for raising seedlings and transplanting fresh corn in early spring suitable for southern Xinjiang, which can promote the fresh corn to be put on the market 15 days earlier than the normal sowing period. The double ear rate of fresh corn raised and transplanted by the technology is as high as 55%, and the commercial ear is 5020 ears / mu (including 3240 ears / mu for the first stick and 1780 ears / mu for the second stick). The wholesale price of the first stick fresh ear is 1.0 yuan per ear, and the wholesale price of the second stick is 0.8 yuan per ear. Excluding the cost of 2600 yuan per mu, the profit is 2064 Yuan / mu, which improves the planting efficiency of fresh corn, promotes the increase of production and income of growers, and increases the market value of fresh corn. This provides a good business opportunity for farmers with significant economic benefits. After the fresh corn is harvested, it can be re-sown for feed corn, cabbage, radish and other crops, realizing efficient planting of two crops a year, which can ease the contradiction between "grain and vegetables" for land, improve land utilization rate, develop characteristic agriculture according to local conditions, implement the strategy of "storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology" and effective measures of "big food concept", and realize the sustainable development of agricultural production. It is of great significance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A method for early spring seedling raising and transplanting of fresh corn suitable for southern Xinjiang, the specific steps are as follows:

[0055] 1) Variety selection

[0056] Corn seeds should be selected from main varieties suitable for the local ecological environment of Xinjiang and approved by the state or provincial level for high quality, high yield, disease resistance, and insect resistance, with a growth period of 85-90 days. Seed purity should be above 98%, purity should be above 90%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be below 14%. It is best to buy coated seeds.

[0057] 2) Fresh corn seedling cultivation

[0058] (1) Seedling medium was purchased from Qingzhou Shenghe Seedling Medium Factory.

[0059] (2) Seedling tray selection: Choose a 72-hole seedling tray. Put the seedling medium into the seedling tray and scrape it flat with a wooden board. Do not press it too tightly.

[0060] (3) Seedling raising time: In the southern Xinjiang plain area, seedlings were raised in greenhouses using seedling trays on March 12.

[0061] Planting seeds: Lightly press a small hole in each hole, put the seeds in and cover with a layer of seedling medium, then move the seedling tray to the seedling shed. The fresh corn seedling variety is Wannuo 2000; the sowing depth is generally 2-3cm.

[0062] (4) Seedling raising environment: Maintain greenhouse humidity at 68-72% from seedling emergence to 4-leaf stage, and drop to 64-66% at 5-6 leaves. The suitable temperature is 20-25℃, avoid too high or too low temperature. At 2 pm, roll up the film for ventilation for 1 hour to remove excess moisture and avoid the growth of diseases.

[0063] (5) After the seedlings emerge, water them once a day with a watering can. Harden the seedlings when they have 2-3 leaves and transplant them one week later. Stop watering 3 days before transplanting. Prepare the plot for drip irrigation under the film before transplanting and drip for 5 hours to keep the soil moisture content at 40-50%.

[0064] 3) Transplantation

[0065] (1) Transplanting time: Manual transplanting was carried out on April 9, with one plant per hole and a transplanting density of 4,000 plants per mu. Water was dripped while transplanting. By the end of transplanting, the soil moisture content reached 85%, ensuring that the roots of the transplanted seedlings were covered with soil firmly and the survival rate was above 85%.

[0066] (2) Treatment before transplanting: Before transplanting, the seedlings in the seedling tray should be properly trimmed to keep healthy seedlings. After transplanting, water should be applied in time to maintain humidity, and shade should be provided to avoid exposure to the sun.

[0067] 4) Field management

[0068] (1) Seedling replacement

[0069] After transplanting, check the condition of the seedlings in time, add water in time, and replenish seedlings in time if missing to ensure that all seedlings are complete.

[0070] (2) Cultivation and removal of tillers

[0071] Intertillage: Intertillage should be carried out when the seedlings have 6-8 leaves after transplanting, and once every 7 days, usually twice, to loosen the soil by about 10 cm, increase the ground temperature, prevent weeds, and end at the jointing stage.

[0072] Removing tillers: Most varieties of fresh glutinous corn have tillers, which are usually removed once they grow to 18-22cm with 8-10 leaves.

[0073] (3) Water management

[0074] Drip irrigation was used, and water was irrigated 10 times during the whole growth period. From the jointing stage, water was irrigated once every 7 days according to the temperature and soil conditions, with a drip volume of 28m 3 / 666.7m 2 , irrigation 280m 3 / 666.7m 2 , generally the water supply can be cut off in late June.

[0075] (4) Fertilizer management

[0076] High-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer was purchased from Xinjiang Oasis Dayang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; amino acid liquid fertilizer and microbial agent were purchased from Xinjiang Tianwu Ecological Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.; humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate type) and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (high-efficiency potassium type) were purchased from Urumqi Hefeng Xinyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0077] The critical period for fertilizer requirement is from the jointing stage to the trumpet stage. During the jointing stage, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer should be applied three times with water drops, 10 kg / mu each time, and matched with 3 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer + 500 g / mu of microbial agent; during the trumpet stage, water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid (monoammonium phosphate type) should be applied twice with water drops, 8 kg / mu each time, and matched with 4 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer + 500 g / mu of microbial agent; during the pollen and silking stage, water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid (high-efficiency potassium type) should be applied twice with water drops, 7 kg / mu each time, and matched with 5 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer.

[0078] (5) Pest control

[0079] Prevention and control of pests and diseases should be based on prevention and comprehensive control. To ensure the safety of fresh glutinous corn, biological pesticides or low-toxic and low-residue pesticides are used, and pesticides are prohibited 10 days before harvest.

[0080] A cutworm

[0081] A1 Agricultural Control

[0082] Weeds are the main place for adults to lay eggs and an important way for larvae to transfer to corn seedlings. Therefore, thoroughly eradicating weeds before corn seedlings emerge and removing them from the field in time can effectively reduce the insect population. Trapping and killing adult insects is the best way to prevent and control cutworms. Using black light to trap and kill can greatly reduce the number of first-generation larvae.

[0083] Black light usage: every 666.7m 2 Four black light lamps were placed at a distance of 100m and at a height higher than the corn canopy (about 2m). From July 13 to 25, the lights were turned on from 20:00 to 6:00 the next day. Insects under the lights were collected and classified every 2 days, and the number of cutworms, Asian corn borers, cotton bollworms, natural enemies (lacewings, ladybugs, carabids, syrphid flies and parasitic wasps, etc.) and other pests were counted.

[0084] The principle of black light trapping is to estimate the number of the population by counting the number of nocturnal insects that are sensitive to ultraviolet rays. This method is called the black light trapping and counting method. Black light emits ultraviolet light waves with a wavelength of about 360nm. Many phototactic insects like this wavelength of light, so this habit of theirs can be used to lure them from the dark to the light source, and place electric nets or insecticides near the black light. When the insects lured by the black light come into contact with the electric nets or insecticides, they will die. The black light trapping method uses a non-chemical method that does not produce toxicity and odor, has little impact on the environment, is reusable, and can accurately trap specific insects to achieve the effect of prevention and control.

[0085] A2 Chemical Control

[0086] It is an important measure to eliminate cutworms at present. 20 days after transplanting fresh corn seedlings, use chlorpyrifos solution with water drip irrigation, according to 1000ml / 666.7m 2 Add the dosage into the flushing tank, and after dripping clean water for 3 hours, open the valve of the flushing tank to drip the medicine.

[0087] B. corn borer

[0088] B1 Agricultural Control

[0089] Before sowing, remove crop stalks and weeds from the plots, and eliminate overwintering larvae and hosts. Using high-pressure mercury lamps or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to lure and kill stem borers during the period when overwintering adults occur is an important measure with significant prevention effects and no pollution.

[0090] B2 Biological and chemical control

[0091] Biological control can be adopted in places with conditions. There are many kinds of natural enemies of corn borer, and it is necessary to protect and use natural enemies to control corn borer. Artificial breeding and release of trichogrammatids can eliminate most borer eggs in the field. In addition, during the occurrence period of corn borer larvae, a large amount of fungal preparations such as Beauveria bassiana can be used, which also has a good effect.

[0092] During the corn flaring period, Beauveria bassiana (purchased from Shandong Suitai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was used to control the first generation of corn borers: Beauveria bassiana powder and talcum powder were mixed in a biological mixer at a ratio of 1:20 to make production powder, and 6g / 666.7m 2 Weigh the required amount of powder for production, mix it with fine sand (<12 mesh) to make granules, and sprinkle it on the heart leaves of corn at the flare stage, with a dosage of 2.5kg / hm 2 .

[0093] In late June, the first generation of adults emerged and laid eggs. Trichogramma wasps were released artificially in the field. According to the occurrence of pests, the number of bees released was 50,000 / 666.7m 2 The interval between each bee release is 4 days, and this is repeated 3 times to effectively control the damage caused by the second generation of corn borer.

[0094] (6) Disease prevention and control

[0095] Tumor smut: Choose disease-resistant varieties; prevent mechanical damage to reduce the chance of pathogen invasion; remove and destroy diseased tumors before they mature and rupture to reduce field spread; implement crop rotation over large areas for more than three years.

[0096] Top rot: Choose disease-resistant varieties; Cut off diseased leaves: For seriously diseased corn plants whose heart leaves are twisted and rotten, use scissors to cut off the leaves that wrap around the tassels to facilitate the normal emergence of the tassels, and take the cut diseased leaves out of the field and bury them deeply.

[0097] 5) Harvesting of fruit bunches

[0098] (1) Harvest time

[0099] Fresh glutinous corn is harvested 23 to 28 days after silking when the moisture content of the kernels reaches 60% to 65%.

[0100] (2) Harvesting method

[0101] Fresh corn is mainly harvested manually, but mechanical harvesting can be used on a large scale. It can be harvested and processed or sold on the same day.

[0102] (3) Storage

[0103] Fresh corn should be harvested, transported and stacked separately to ensure that it is not mixed with ordinary corn.

[0104] (4) Mode of transportation

[0105] Transportation should be carried out by pollution-free means of transportation and should not be mixed with other toxic and harmful items.

[0106] Comparative Example

[0107] A fresh-eating glutinous corn cultivation method, the specific steps are as follows:

[0108] 1) Plot selection

[0109] Choose land with flat terrain, deep soil, good fertility, loose soil, good air permeability, no salinity or light salinity. The production environment conditions should meet the requirements of NY / T855.

[0110] 2) Isolation settings

[0111] (1) Spatial isolation

[0112] Because the waxy corn gene is a recessive gene mutant of endosperm traits, when it is hybridized with ordinary corn or other corn, the seeds produced will lose their waxy properties and become ordinary corn. Therefore, waxy corn must be isolated when planted. According to the distance that pollen spreads under natural conditions, the spatial planting isolation distance is set, and the distance of the isolation zone should be more than 300m.

[0113] (2) Time Isolation

[0114] Using time isolation, glutinous corn and other types of corn should be sown in stages, with an interval of 10-15 days between sowing. The surrounding plots should choose varieties that are inconsistent with their flowering period or maturity, so that the flowering and pollination periods of different varieties are staggered, with a flowering period interval of more than 20 days to avoid cross-pollination and hybridization.

[0115] 3) Ploughing and land preparation

[0116] (1) Apply base fertilizer

[0117] Combined with land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 3m3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu3 , diammonium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulfate 5kg. The fertilizer used meets the standard requirements of NY / T496.

[0118] (2) Closed weeding

[0119] 1-2 days before sowing, the soil should be sealed. After the land is leveled, 70% of the herbicide Jindul should be used every 666.7m. 2 The dosage is 100ml and the amount of water is 25L. Before sowing, spray it evenly and fully on the ground. Rake it after spraying, and do not miss any spots or spray it too much. The rake depth is 2 to 3cm. After mixing the soil, sow the seeds.

[0120] 4) Seeding

[0121] (1) Sowing period

[0122] The sowing time is April 9th.

[0123] (2) Seeding density

[0124] Glutinous corn variety Wannuo 2000 generally 4444 plants / 666.7m 2 , plant spacing is 30cm, row spacing is 50cm.

[0125] (3) Seeding method

[0126] Use a mechanical precision seeder to sow seeds, one seed per hole, with consistent sowing depth and even soil covering. After compaction, the sowing depth reaches 3cm to 4cm.

[0127] 5) Field management

[0128] (1) Check seedlings

[0129] Check the seedlings: Check the seedlings 5-7 days after dripping the seedling water. It is very important to grow all the seedlings at one time. Check the germination status in time. Generally, more than 80% seedling emergence can basically meet production needs.

[0130] (2) Replanting

[0131] Check the emergence status of the seedlings in time during the germination period, and replant any missing seedlings in time to ensure that all seedlings are fully grown.

[0132] (3) Cultivation and removal of tillers

[0133] Intertillage: The first intertillage at the 4-leaf stage is 10-12cm deep. 8-10 days later, the second intertillage is done with furrows and ridges, with a tillage depth of 14-16cm.

[0134] Remove tillers: When the tillers have 8-10 leaves and grow to 15-20cm, remove them promptly.

[0135] (4) Water management

[0136] Drip irrigation was used, and water was irrigated 12 times during the whole growth period. From late June, water was irrigated once every 6 days according to the temperature and soil conditions, and the dripping volume was 30m 3 / 666.7m 2 , irrigation 360m during the whole growth period 3 / 666.7m 2 , water can be stopped in late July, usually one week before the fresh ears are harvested.

[0137] (5) Fertilizer management

[0138] In addition to applying base fertilizer and seed fertilizer during the entire growth period, urea was applied three times with water drops from the jointing stage to the tasseling stage, totaling 20 kg / 666.7 m 2 First, drip urea 10kg / 666.7m during the jointing period 2 Then apply once every 7 days for 2 times, each time drip urea 5Kg / 666.7m 2 ; Then drip MAP once every 7 days, with a dosage of 5 kg / 666.7 m 2 , until the powder is loose and silk is spun, apply powdered potassium sulfate once with water droplets, the dosage is 5Kg / 666.7m 2 .

[0139] 6) Pest control

[0140] Prevention and control of cutworms: The main prevention and control of corn seedlings is cutworms. Cutworms usually enter the soil in early June. They are particularly harmful to seedlings before 4-5 leaves. They often bite off the seedlings at the ground level, resulting in missing seedlings and broken ridges. After the pest occurs, use Alika 15ml / 666.7m in the evening. 2 Add 30 kg of water and spray in fields for prevention and control.

[0141] Corn borer control: Use Leitong (methoxyfenozide) 25-30ml / 666.7m in the field in late June 2 Dilute with 30 kg of water and spray in the field for prevention and control. Choose a sunny and windless day to spray the whole plant. Spray a total of 3 times with an interval of 7 days.

[0142] 7) Weed control

[0143] For weed control, loosen the soil and remove weeds through inter-cultivation during the growing period.

[0144] 8) Harvesting of fruit bunches

[0145] Fresh glutinous corn is harvested when the moisture content of the kernel reaches 60-65% in the late milky stage. The harvesting method is mainly manual harvesting, and the corn is harvested and processed or sold in time on the same day.

[0146] Comparison of the cultivation methods of Example 1 and the comparative example, the results are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0147] Table 1: Comparison of the growth period of early spring seedling transplanting and direct seeding of fresh corn in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, southern Xinjiang

[0148]

[0149] Table 2: Comparison of yield factors of fresh corn in early spring seedling transplanting and direct seeding in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, southern Xinjiang

[0150]

[0151] Table 3: Comparison of the benefits of early spring seedling transplanting and direct seeding of fresh corn in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, southern Xinjiang

[0152]

[0153] The results in Tables 1-3 show that the early spring seedling raising and transplanting method for fresh corn in Example 1 of the present invention can promote the listing of fresh corn 15 days earlier than the normal sowing period. The double-ear rate of fresh corn seedlings raised and transplanted by the technology is as high as 55%, and the commercial ears are 5020 ears / mu (including 3240 ears / mu for the first cob and 1780 ears / mu for the second cob). The wholesale price of the first cob fresh ears at the field is 1.0 yuan per ear, and the wholesale price of the second cob fresh ears at the field is 0.8 yuan per ear. Excluding the cost of 2,600 yuan per mu, the profit is 2,064 yuan per mu. Compared with direct seeding, the profit per mu increases by 629.8 yuan, thereby improving the planting efficiency of fresh corn.

[0154] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for early spring seedling raising and transplanting of fresh corn suitable for southern Xinjiang, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: 1) Variety selection: Wannuo 2000; 2) Fresh corn seedling cultivation (1) Seedling raising time: In the southern Xinjiang plain area, seedlings are raised in greenhouses using seedling trays in mid-March; Planting seeds: lightly press a small hole in each hole, put the seeds in and cover with a layer of seedling medium, then move the seedling tray to the seedling shed; the sowing depth is 2-3cm; (2) Seedling raising environment: Maintain greenhouse humidity from 68-72% from seedling emergence to 4-leaf stage, and drop to 64-66% from 5-6 leaves; the suitable temperature is 20-25°C; at 2 pm, roll up the film and ventilate for 1 hour; (3) After the seedlings emerge, water them once a day with a watering can. Harden the seedlings when they have 2-3 leaves and transplant them one week later. Stop watering 3 days before transplanting. Prepare the plot for drip irrigation under the film before transplanting to keep the soil moisture content at 40-50%; 3) Transplanting time: Manual transplanting is carried out in early April, one plant per hole, with a transplanting density of 4,000 plants per mu. Water is dripped while transplanting. When the transplanting is completed, the soil moisture content reaches 85%, and the survival rate is above 85%.

2. The method for raising seedlings and transplanting fresh corn in early spring suitable for southern Xinjiang according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes 4) field management and 5) harvesting of fruit clusters; 4) Field management (1) Seedling replacement After transplanting, check the seedlings in time, add water in time, and add seedlings in time if there are any missing seedlings to ensure full seedlings; (2) Cultivation and removal of tillers Intertillage: Intertillage should be carried out when the seedlings have 6-8 leaves after transplanting, and it should be carried out every 7 days for 2 times; Removing tillers: Remove tillers when they have 8-10 leaves and grow to 18-22 cm; (3) Water management Drip irrigation is used, and water is irrigated 10 to 12 times during the whole growth period. From the jointing stage, water is irrigated once every 5 to 7 days according to the temperature and soil conditions, with a drip volume of 28m 3 / 666.7m 2 , irrigation during the whole growth period is 280-336m 3 / 666.7m 2 ; (4) Fertilizer management During the jointing stage, apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer three times with water drops, 10 kg / mu each time, and match it with 3 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer + 500 g / mu of microbial agent; during the trumpet stage, apply monoammonium phosphate type water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid twice with water drops, 8 kg / mu each time, and match it with 4 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer + 500 g / mu of microbial agent; during the powder-loosening and silking stage, apply high-efficiency potassium type water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid twice with water drops, 7 kg / mu each time, and match it with 5 kg / mu of amino acid liquid fertilizer; (5) Pest control A cutworm A1 Agricultural Control Thoroughly remove weeds before corn seedlings emerge and remove them from the field in a timely manner; use black light to lure and kill cutworms; Every 666.7m 2 Place 4 black light lamps, 100m away from each other and 2m high; from July 13 to 25, the lights will be on from 20:00 to 6:00 the next day; A2 Chemical Control 20 days after transplanting the fresh corn seedlings, drip irrigation with chlorpyrifos solution was used, according to 1000ml / 666.7m 2 Add the dosage to the flushing tank, and after dripping clean water for 3 hours, open the valve of the flushing tank to drip the medicine; B. corn borer B1 Agricultural Control Before sowing, remove crop stalks and weeds from the plots; use high-pressure mercury lamps or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to lure and kill stem borers during the period when the overwintering adults occur; B2 Biological and chemical control Use Beauveria bassiana to control the first generation of corn borer during the corn trumpeting period: Use a biological mixer to mix Beauveria bassiana powder and talcum powder in a ratio of 1:20 to make production powder, and add 5-8g / 666.7m 2 Weigh the required amount of powder for production, mix it with fine sand to make granules, and sprinkle it on the heart leaves of corn at the flare stage, with a dosage of 2.5kg / hm 2 ; In late June, the first generation of adults emerged and laid eggs. Trichogramma wasps were released artificially in the field. Depending on the occurrence of pests, the number of bees released was 40,000 to 55,000 / 666.7m 2 , the interval between each bee release is 3 to 5 days, and it should be repeated 3 to 4 times; (6) Disease prevention and control Tumor smut: Choose disease-resistant varieties; prevent mechanical damage to reduce the chance of pathogen invasion; remove and destroy diseased tumors before they mature and rupture to reduce field spread; implement crop rotation for more than three years over a large area; Top rot: Choose disease-resistant varieties; Cut off diseased leaves: For corn plants with severe heart leaves that are twisted and rotten, use scissors to cut off the leaves above the tassel, and take the cut diseased leaves out of the field and bury them deeply; 5) Harvesting of fruit bunches (1) Harvest time Fresh glutinous corn is harvested 23 to 28 days after silking, when the moisture content of the kernel reaches 60% to 65%. (2) Harvesting method Fresh corn is mainly harvested manually, with a large area harvested mechanically, and harvested on the same day and processed or sold promptly; (3) Storage Harvest, transport and stack fresh corn separately to ensure it is not mixed with ordinary corn; (4) Mode of transportation The transportation shall be carried out by non-polluting means of transportation and shall not be mixed with other toxic or hazardous items.

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