Casting and forging device and process for manufacturing alloy steel forge piece
By optimizing the design of steel ingot dies and the use of heaters in the casting and forging device, the problem of many casting defects in the ingot method is solved, and high-quality production of alloy steel forgings is achieved, and the cost is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510317154.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, when preparing high alloy steel billets, the ingot method has many casting defects, which is difficult to replace the high-cost electroslag remelting process and lacks market competitiveness.
Design a casting and forging device and process. By setting the inner cavity shape and high diameter ratio of the steel ingot die, the solidification order of the steel water is optimized, and the forging direction of the casting ingot is changed. The heater is used to locally heat the slow-flowing steel water to improve the flowability and uniformly solidify the casting ingot.
It effectively reduces the cold shrinkage defects of the castings, optimizes the structural structure of the forgings, improves the quality of the ingots, reduces production costs, and obtains two high-quality special steel forgings.
Smart Images
Figure CN119973055A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a casting and forging device and process for making high alloy steel forgings, and in particular to a device for reducing cold shrinkage defects of castings and a forging process for optimizing the organizational structure of forgings, belonging to special steel casting and forging technology. Background Art
[0002] Alloy steel has excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in aerospace, energy, molds, and machinery manufacturing. In order to obtain high-performance alloy steel billets, ingot casting and electroslag remelting are used. Among them, the billets produced by the electroslag remelting process have the advantages of high purity and good organizational structure, but the cost is about 5,000 yuan / ton higher than the ingot casting method, which lacks market competitiveness; the advantage of the ingot casting method is that the process and equipment are relatively simple, but there are more casting defects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new technologies that can improve the looseness of the core of large steel ingots and replace the electroslag remelting process. Summary of the invention
[0003] The invention provides a casting and forging device and process for making alloy steel forgings, sets the inner cavity shape and height-to-diameter ratio of the steel ingot mold, optimizes the solidification sequence of molten steel, changes the forging direction of the ingot, and obtains high-quality forgings.
[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme to implement a casting and forging device and process for making alloy steel forgings, including: casting equipment and forging equipment, the casting equipment involves a steel ingot mold and a steel flow channel, the molten steel inlet of the steel ingot mold is arranged at the bottom, and the steel flow channel and the molten steel inlet are connected to the steel ingot mold cavity; the forging equipment involves an upper anvil and a lower anvil, characterized in that:
[0005] The steel ingot mold cavity is configured to have a vertical height dimension smaller than a radial width dimension, the volume of the mold cavity is greater than twice the volume of the forging, a heater is arranged above the mold cavity, the heater is an electric induction heater, its cooling medium is high-pressure gas, and the heater moves up and down and circumferentially;
[0006] Ingot casting process: Molten steel is injected into the mold cavity from the molten steel inlet, the molten steel level continues to rise and gradually flows from the middle to the periphery. At the same time, the heater is turned on to locally heat the molten steel with slower flow and lower liquid level to improve the fluidity of the molten steel in this area;
[0007] The molten steel is continuously injected into the mold cavity, the molten steel level is continuously raised, and the timely position and heating intensity of the heater are adjusted to make the molten steel level flow and rise evenly, and the mold cavity is gradually solidified from bottom to top to form an ingot;
[0008] Forging process: radially forge the ingot, rotate it 90° and radially forge it again to forge it into a square, forge the square forging from the vertical downward of the original ingot to forge it into a flat square, rotate the flat square forging 90° at will to forge it into a flat rectangular block, and stretch and forge the flat rectangular block again until it is forged into a set shape, remove the middle part with poor quality, and obtain two high-quality forgings.
[0009] Preferably, the ratio of the vertical height to the radial width of the mold cavity is 1:1.2-3.
[0010] Preferably, the high-pressure gas is nitrogen.
[0011] Preferably, the high-pressure gas is argon.
[0012] Preferably, the volume of the die cavity is greater than or equal to 2.5 times the volume of the forging.
[0013] The present invention designs the cavity of the steel ingot mold to have a radial dimension larger than a height dimension, thereby changing the solidification order of molten steel; utilizing timely lifting and moving auxiliary heating equipment to locally heat molten steel with a slower flow and a lower liquid level, thereby increasing the fluidity of the local molten steel and raising the molten steel level evenly; providing a forging method that changes direction, thereby concentrating the defects in the core of the ingot to the middle of the forging, thereby shrinking the position occupied by the casting defects to a minimum volume, and cutting off the defective parts to obtain two high-quality special steel forgings.
[0014] The invention has the advantages of scientific and reasonable design, simple process, easy operation and low investment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the casting equipment of the present invention;
[0016] Attached Figure 2 and 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the first step in the forging process;
[0017] Attached Figure 3 and 5 Attached Figure 2 and 4 Left view of
[0018] Attached Figure 6 and 7 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the second step in the forging process;
[0019] Attached Figure 8 For attachment Figure 7 Left view of
[0020] Attached Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the placement of forgings after the second process step;
[0021] Attached Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the third step in the forging process;
[0022] Attached Fig.11 For attachment Fig.10 Left view of
[0023] Attached Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the fourth step in the forging process;
[0024] Attached Fig.13 For attachment Fig.12 Left view of
[0025] Attached Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the location of forging defects.
[0026] In the accompanying drawings, 1 is a water injection port, 2 is a steel flow channel, 3 is a steel ingot mold, 4 is a vertical lifting and rotating mechanism, 401 is a lifting platform, 402 is a vertical driving screw, 403 is a first stepping motor, 404 is a second stepping motor, 405 is a rotating rod, 5 is a lateral swing mechanism, 501 is a horizontal swing platform, 502 is a lateral driving screw, 503 is a third stepping motor, 504 is a swing rod, 6 is a heater, 7 is a temperature position sensor, 8 is an upper anvil, 9 is a lower anvil, 10 is a casting, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15' are forgings, a is a molten steel inlet, and c is a casting defective part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Attached Figure 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are schematic diagrams of the process of casting → forging → removing casting defects.
[0028] Attached Figure 1 As shown, molten steel flows from the water injection port 1 through the steel flow channel 2 and the molten steel inlet a into the ingot mold 3, flows around the mold cavity in the ingot mold 3, and gradually solidifies. During the solidification of the molten steel, the temperature drop is uneven, which makes the internal hysteresis resistance of the molten steel flow uneven. For this reason, a vertical lifting and rotating mechanism 4, a lateral swing mechanism 5 and a heater 6 are added in this embodiment. During the solidification of the molten steel, the molten steel surface is heated to increase the fluidity of the local molten steel, thereby achieving a uniform rise in the molten steel surface. The temperature position sensor 7 transmits the height and temperature information of the molten steel surface to the PLC (not shown in the figure). The PLC instructs the first stepper motor 403, the second stepper motor 404 and the third stepper motor 503 to operate according to the set and measured temperature and height values, so that the heater 6 heats the molten steel to an appropriate temperature at an appropriate position. As shown in the attached figure Figure 1As shown, the temperature position sensor 7 transmits the height information of the molten steel level to the PLC, and the PLC instructs the first stepper motor 403 to drive the lifting platform 401, the second stepper motor 404 and the rotating rod 405 to move down to an appropriate height through the vertical driving screw 402, and the PLC instructs the second stepper motor 403 to drive the horizontal swing platform 501, the horizontal driving screw 502, the third stepper motor 503, the swing rod 504 and the heater 6 to rotate horizontally through the rotating rod 405. At the same time, the PLC instructs the third stepper motor 503 to drive the heater 6 to move radially through the horizontal driving screw 502. After the heater 6 is sent to the liquid surface portion to be heated through the vertical driving screw 402, the horizontal driving screw 502 and the rotating rod 405, the PLC instructs the heater 6 to heat the liquid surface molten steel according to the liquid surface temperature information measured by the temperature position sensor 7, so that the fluidity of the molten steel in this portion is increased, and the liquid surface of the molten steel rises evenly to obtain high-quality ingots.
[0029] Attached Figure 2 and 3 The schematic diagram of the casting 10 is shown in FIG. 1 , in which the casting defective portion c of the casting 10 is placed horizontally. Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the casting 10 is forged into a forging 11 .
[0030] Attached Figure 6 The forging 11 is placed between the upper anvil 8 and the lower anvil 9, and the casting defective part c is still placed horizontally, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the forging 11 is forged into a square forging 12 .
[0031] Attached Fig. 9 As shown, the forging 12 is turned over, and the casting defect portion c is vertically placed between the upper anvil 8 and the lower anvil 9. Fig.10 and 11 As shown, the forging 12 is forged into a flat square forging 13, and the casting defect portion c is located in the middle area of the flat square forging 13.
[0032] As attached Fig.12 As shown, when the forging 13 is turned over, the casting defective portion c is always turned inside or outside the paper. Fig.12 and 13 As shown, the forging 13 is forged into a rectangular strip or round rod forging 14, and the casting defect portion c remains in the middle of the forging 14.
[0033] As attached Fig.14 As shown, the casting defect portion c in the middle of the forging 14 is cut away to obtain high-quality steel forgings 15 and 15'.
Claims
1. A casting and forging device and process for producing alloy steel forgings, comprising: Casting equipment and forging equipment, the casting equipment involves a steel ingot mold and a steel flow channel, the molten steel inlet of the steel ingot mold is arranged at the bottom, and the steel flow channel and the molten steel inlet are connected to the steel ingot mold cavity; the forging equipment involves an upper anvil and a lower anvil, characterized in that: The steel ingot mold cavity is configured to have a vertical height dimension smaller than a radial width dimension, the volume of the mold cavity is greater than twice the volume of the forging, a heater is arranged above the mold cavity, the heater is an electric induction heater, its cooling medium is high-pressure gas, and the heater moves up and down and circumferentially; Ingot casting process: Molten steel is injected into the mold cavity from the molten steel inlet, the molten steel level continues to rise and gradually flows from the middle to the periphery. At the same time, the heater is turned on to locally heat the molten steel with slower flow and lower liquid level to improve the fluidity of the molten steel in this area; The molten steel is continuously injected into the mold cavity, the molten steel level is continuously raised, and the timely position and heating intensity of the heater are adjusted to make the molten steel level flow and rise evenly, and the mold cavity is gradually solidified from bottom to top to form an ingot; Forging process: radially forge the ingot, rotate it 90° and radially forge it again to forge it into a square, forge the square forging from the vertical downward of the original ingot to forge it into a flat square, rotate the flat square forging 90° at will to forge it into a flat rectangular block, and stretch and forge the flat rectangular block again until it is forged into a set shape, remove the middle part with poor quality, and obtain two high-quality forgings.
2. The casting and forging device and process for producing alloy steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the vertical height to the radial width of the mold cavity is 1:1.2-3.
3. A casting and forging device and process for producing alloy steel forgings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The volume of the die cavity is greater than or equal to 2.5 times the volume of the forging.
4. The casting and forging device and process for producing alloy steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure gas is nitrogen.
5. The casting and forging device and process for producing alloy steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high pressure gas is argon.