Multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of magnetorheological polishing, and discloses a multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module which comprises an integrated polishing head body, and a magnetorheological polishing unit and a mechanical polishing unit are contained in the integrated polishing head body. The mechanical switching device comprises a transmission mechanism, a positioning mechanism and a control mechanism and is used for switching the working states of the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit; the three-axis moving workbench is used for fixing a workpiece and realizing accurate movement of the workpiece in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction; and the control mechanism is in communication connection with an external control system and is used for receiving an instruction and controlling actions of the mechanical switching device and the three-axis moving worktable. According to the multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module, multiple polishing functions are integrated and can be rapidly switched, the situation that a polishing head or equipment is frequently replaced or switched like traditional equipment is not needed, the auxiliary time in the machining process is shortened, and the overall machining efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of magnetorheological polishing, and in particular to a multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, polishing of workpieces often requires a variety of different processing methods to meet their complex surface treatment requirements. However, traditional single-function polishing heads can only perform one specific polishing operation. When faced with workpieces that require different polishing processes, polishing heads have to be frequently replaced or switched to other specialized polishing equipment.

[0003] This mode of operation not only consumes a lot of manpower and time, but also easily introduces problems such as positioning errors during the replacement process, which seriously affects processing efficiency and product quality, greatly limits the continuity and flexibility of production, and cannot adapt to the increasingly diversified and efficient industrial production needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] Multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module, including:

[0006] An integrated polishing head body, which contains a magnetorheological polishing unit and a mechanical polishing unit;

[0007] A mechanical switching device, including a transmission mechanism, a positioning mechanism and a control mechanism, for switching the working states of the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit;

[0008] Three-axis mobile worktable, used to fix the workpiece and realize its precise movement in the X, Y and Z axis directions;

[0009] The control mechanism is communicatively connected to an external control system for receiving instructions and controlling the actions of the mechanical switching device and the three-axis movable workbench.

[0010] Furthermore, the magnetorheological polishing unit includes an electromagnetic coil assembly arranged around the polishing head body, and the rheological characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid are controlled by adjusting the direction and magnitude of the current;

[0011] The mechanical polishing unit comprises a detachable abrasive carrier, and abrasive particles of different sizes are fixed on the abrasive carrier.

[0012] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism of the mechanical switching device includes a screw-nut pair or a gear-rack pair, which is used to convert rotational motion into linear motion or rotational motion.

[0013] Furthermore, the positioning mechanism includes a travel switch and a displacement sensor, which are used to provide real-time feedback of the position information of the internal structure of the polishing head and perform fine adjustment.

[0014] Furthermore, the control mechanism includes a microprocessor or a programmable logic controller with a built-in switching program and a closed-loop control algorithm to adjust the polishing parameters in real time according to sensor feedback information.

[0015] Furthermore, a heat-insulating and magnetic-insulating shielding layer is provided between the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the positioning accuracy of the displacement sensor is at the micron level, ensuring that the switching positioning error of the polishing structure is ≤5 μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the three-axis movable workbench includes a lead screw, a nut, a guide rail and a slider, realizes axial movement through a driving motor, and is equipped with a grating scale or a magnetic scale as a position feedback device.

[0018] Furthermore, the polishing head body is made of ceramic material.

[0019] Furthermore, the surface finish of the ceramic material is Ra≤0.1 μm.

[0020] The invention adopting the above technical solution has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. The present invention integrates multiple polishing functions and can switch quickly, without the need to frequently replace polishing heads or switch equipment like traditional equipment, thereby reducing auxiliary time during the processing and significantly improving the overall processing efficiency.

[0022] During the polishing process, the worktable moves along three axes to change the relative position between the workpiece and the polishing head, thus achieving multi-dimensional and multi-directional polishing. For example, when processing some complex workpieces that require both magnetorheological polishing and mechanical polishing, it can save about 30%-50% of the processing time, effectively improving production capacity.

[0023] 2. The present invention reduces the positioning error problem caused by replacing the polishing head, and the various polishing functions can work better together under the integrated design, so that the processing accuracy of the workpiece in the entire polishing process is effectively guaranteed, and the surface quality is more uniform and stable.

[0024] For example, in the polishing process of optical components, the surface flatness and smoothness can be better controlled, the surface roughness value can be reduced, and the optical performance of the product can be improved.

[0025] 3. The present invention can adapt to the polishing needs of workpieces of various materials and shapes. It only needs to switch the polishing method according to the process requirements during the processing. There is no need to equip different workpieces with a large number of different polishing equipment, which reduces the equipment procurement cost and production site occupation, and improves the enterprise's production equipment resource utilization and the flexibility of production arrangements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the specific implementation. In all the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the hardware module of the multifunctional composite polishing head of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should be the common meanings understood by technicians in the field to which the present invention belongs. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the embodiments of the present disclosure and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so as to implement the embodiments of the present disclosure described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. Unless otherwise specified, the term "multiple" means two or more. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the character " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B. The term "and / or" is a description of the association relationship of objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or, A and B. The term "corresponding" can refer to an association relationship or a binding relationship, and A and B correspondingly refer to an association relationship or a binding relationship between A and B.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module of the present invention comprises:

[0031] An integrated polishing head body, which contains a magnetorheological polishing unit and a mechanical polishing unit;

[0032] A mechanical switching device, including a transmission mechanism, a positioning mechanism and a control mechanism, for switching the working states of the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit;

[0033] Three-axis mobile worktable, used to fix the workpiece and realize its precise movement in the X, Y and Z axis directions;

[0034] The control mechanism is communicatively connected with an external control system for receiving instructions and controlling the actions of the mechanical switching device and the three-axis moving workbench.

[0035] In some embodiments, the magnetorheological polishing unit includes an electromagnetic coil assembly disposed around the polishing head body, and the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid are controlled by adjusting the direction and magnitude of the current;

[0036] The mechanical polishing unit comprises a detachable abrasive carrier, on which abrasive particles of different sizes are fixed.

[0037] Specifically, taking the magnetic control part of magnetorheological polishing and the abrasive part of traditional mechanical polishing as examples, the magnetic control part is composed of an electromagnetic coil assembly, which surrounds a specific area of ​​the polishing head. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the input current, the variable flow characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid under the action of the magnetic field can be accurately adjusted, thereby realizing magnetorheological polishing of the workpiece surface.

[0038] The abrasive part of traditional mechanical polishing includes fixed or replaceable abrasive carriers, such as abrasive particles of different sizes fixed on the polishing head with high-strength adhesives or a detachable abrasive disc structure, which makes it easy to replace different types of abrasives according to processing requirements.

[0039] In some embodiments, the transmission mechanism of the mechanical switching device includes a screw-nut pair or a gear rack pair, which is used to convert rotational motion into linear motion or rotational motion.

[0040] Specifically, the device is mainly composed of a transmission mechanism, a positioning mechanism and a control mechanism. The transmission mechanism adopts a screw nut pair or a gear rack pair driven by a micro motor, which can accurately convert the rotational motion of the motor into the linear motion or rotational motion of each polishing structure inside the polishing head, thereby realizing the relative position adjustment of the magnetic control part and the abrasive part.

[0041] For example, when it is necessary to switch from magnetorheological polishing to mechanical polishing, the transmission mechanism, under the instruction of the control mechanism, moves the magnetic control part away from the working area and simultaneously accurately positions the abrasive part to the position where it contacts the workpiece.

[0042] In some embodiments, the positioning mechanism includes a travel switch and a displacement sensor for real-time feedback of position information of the internal structure of the polishing head and fine-tuning.

[0043] In some embodiments, the positioning accuracy of the displacement sensor is in the micron level, ensuring that the switching positioning error of the polishing structure is ≤5 μm.

[0044] Specifically, the positioning mechanism is responsible for ensuring the position accuracy of each polishing structure after switching, and adopts a combination of mechanical limit and sensor feedback.

[0045] For example, multiple travel switches and high-precision displacement sensors are set inside the polishing head. When the polishing structure moves to the predetermined position, the travel switch is triggered first to provide a preliminary position signal. Then the displacement sensor performs precise measurement and feeds back the position information to the control mechanism. The control mechanism makes fine adjustments based on the feedback information to ensure that the positioning accuracy of the polishing structure reaches the micron level, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the polishing process.

[0046] In some embodiments, the control mechanism includes a microprocessor or a programmable logic controller with a built-in switching program and a closed-loop control algorithm to adjust the polishing parameters in real time according to sensor feedback information.

[0047] Specifically, the control mechanism, as the core of the entire mechanical switching device, receives polishing mode switching instructions from an external control system, and accurately controls the actions of the transmission mechanism and the positioning mechanism according to the preset switching program and information fed back by each sensor.

[0048] The control mechanism adopts advanced microprocessor or programmable logic controller, which has high-speed computing and multi-tasking capabilities, can quickly respond to external instructions and monitor each link of the switching process in real time to ensure the smooth switching operation.

[0049] In some embodiments, a heat-insulating and magnetic-insulating shielding layer is provided between the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit.

[0050] Specifically, in order to ensure that each polishing part can work independently and effectively in an integrated state, isolation and optimized layout are adopted in the structural design.

[0051] For example, a heat-insulating and magnetic-isolating shielding layer is set between the magnetron part and the abrasive part to prevent the magnetic field and heat generated by the magnetron part from interfering with the performance of the abrasive part, and to prevent foreign matter such as debris generated by the abrasive during operation from entering the magnetron area and affecting its normal operation.

[0052] In some embodiments, the three-axis movable workbench includes a lead screw, a nut, a guide rail and a slider, realizes axial movement through a driving motor, and is equipped with a grating scale or a magnetic scale as a position feedback device.

[0053] Specifically, the table of the three-axis mobile workbench has a workpiece fixing clamp installed on the surface of the workbench to fix the workpiece to be processed. The table includes a screw, nut, guide rail and slider. The screw and nut are used to convert the rotary motion of the motor into linear motion to realize the movement of the workbench in each axial direction. The guide rail and slider provide precise guidance for the movement of the workbench to ensure the straightness and accuracy of the motion.

[0054] Based on the Cartesian coordinate system, the three-axis mobile workbench corresponds to the movement of the three coordinate axes of X, Y, and Z respectively. The drive motor receives the pulse signal or analog signal sent by the control system and controls the rotation angle and speed of the motor according to the frequency and quantity of the signal. In order to improve the movement accuracy, the workbench is equipped with a position feedback device, such as a grating ruler and a magnetic ruler. The feedback device can measure the actual position of the workbench in real time and feed back the information to the control system.

[0055] The control system compares the feedback information with the preset position, calculates the error value, and then compensates for the motor movement through an algorithm to reduce the error and improve positioning accuracy and movement accuracy.

[0056] In some embodiments, the polishing head body is made of ceramic material.

[0057] In some embodiments, the surface finish of the ceramic material is Ra≤0.1 μm.

[0058] Specifically, the ceramic material used in the production has high chemical and thermal stability, can maintain stable performance under different temperatures and chemical conditions, will not chemically react with the magnetorheological fluid, and is not easily affected by temperature changes. The high hardness and wear resistance enable it to resist the erosion of magnetic particles and abrasives in the magnetorheological fluid during contact with the magnetorheological fluid, reduce wear, and extend the service life of the polishing head. Ceramics have good insulation properties and will not interact with electric current, which can avoid interference caused by the current or magnetic field in the magnetorheological fluid.

[0059] Strong chemical stability: Ceramic materials have excellent chemical stability and hardly react with various chemical components in magnetorheological fluids. Whether it is acidic, alkaline or other corrosive substances, ceramics can resist erosion well, ensuring that the polishing head will not be damaged by chemical corrosion during long-term use, extending the service life of the polishing head, and also ensuring the stability of the magnetorheological fluid performance, and will not change its rheological properties due to reaction with polishing materials.

[0060] High hardness and wear resistance: Ceramics are generally hard, and can effectively resist the erosion and friction of magnetic particles and abrasives in the magnetorheological fluid during the polishing process. This greatly reduces the wear rate of the outer layer of the polishing head, reduces the shape change and performance degradation of the polishing head caused by wear, thereby ensuring the stability of polishing accuracy and quality, and maintaining a good polishing effect even after long-term use.

[0061] Good thermal stability: During the magnetorheological polishing process, a certain amount of heat will be generated. Ceramic materials have good thermal stability and can maintain the stability of structure and performance in a high temperature environment. They will not deform or deteriorate due to temperature changes.

[0062] This feature helps maintain the geometric accuracy of the polishing head, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the polishing process. It also works in conjunction with the intelligent adaptive temperature control polishing device to reduce the impact of temperature on polishing.

[0063] High surface finish: Ceramic materials can obtain extremely high surface finish through processing technology. The smooth surface is conducive to the uniform flow and distribution of magnetorheological fluid on the surface of the polishing head, reducing the resistance and turbulence of liquid flow, thus making the polishing process smoother, improving the uniformity and efficiency of polishing, and helping to obtain better workpiece surface quality.

[0064] Excellent insulation performance: Many ceramic materials have good insulation performance, and they have the best effect on magnetic equipment with magnetic field strength of 0.5T and above. It can effectively avoid the conduction of current between the polishing head and the magnetorheological fluid, prevent the impact of electrical faults on the polishing process and equipment, and also ensure the safety of operators. Specific implementation method:

[0066] In the actual manufacturing process, the main structure of the polishing head is first processed according to the design drawings, and high-precision processing technology is adopted, such as CNC machining center for milling, drilling and other operations to ensure the installation position accuracy and dimensional tolerance of each component.

[0067] Then, the electromagnetic coil assembly of the magnetic control part and the abrasive carrier component of the abrasive part are manufactured separately. During assembly, the electromagnetic coil assembly is installed in the predetermined magnetic control area, and insulation treatment and line connection are performed to ensure the stable generation of the magnetic field. The abrasive carrier is installed in the corresponding mechanical polishing position, and the abrasive installation method is fixed or set.

[0068] When installing the mechanical switching device, assemble the transmission components such as the micro motor, screw nut pair or gear rack pair according to the design requirements to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the transmission. Install positioning components such as travel switches and displacement sensors, and connect the lines so that they can accurately feedback position information to the control mechanism. Install the control mechanism such as the microprocessor or PLC in a suitable position, write the control program, and debug the mechanical switching device to ensure that the polishing method can be switched according to the preset instructions.

[0069] In actual polishing operations, operators select the corresponding polishing method or set polishing process parameters in the external control system according to the processing requirements of the workpiece. The external control system sends instructions to the control mechanism, which starts the mechanical switching device according to the instructions, adjusts the required polishing structure to the working position, and performs precise positioning. Then the polishing head is started to work. During the polishing process, the control mechanism can also adjust the polishing parameters in real time according to the information fed back by the sensor, such as polishing pressure, temperature, etc., to ensure the optimization of polishing quality and efficiency until the polishing task of the entire workpiece is completed.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. Multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module, characterized in that: include: An integrated polishing head body, which contains a magnetorheological polishing unit and a mechanical polishing unit; A mechanical switching device, including a transmission mechanism, a positioning mechanism and a control mechanism, for switching the working states of the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit; Three-axis mobile worktable, used to fix the workpiece and realize its precise movement in the X, Y and Z axis directions; The control mechanism is communicatively connected to an external control system for receiving instructions and controlling the actions of the mechanical switching device and the three-axis movable workbench.

2. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetorheological polishing unit includes an electromagnetic coil assembly arranged around the polishing head body, and controls the rheological characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid by adjusting the direction and magnitude of the current; The mechanical polishing unit comprises a detachable abrasive carrier, and abrasive particles of different sizes are fixed on the abrasive carrier.

3. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism of the mechanical switching device includes a screw-nut pair or a gear-rack pair, which is used to convert the rotary motion into a linear motion or a rotary motion.

4. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning mechanism includes a travel switch and a displacement sensor, which are used to provide real-time feedback of the position information of the internal structure of the polishing head and perform fine adjustment.

5. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control mechanism includes a microprocessor or a programmable logic controller, a built-in switching program and a closed-loop control algorithm, and adjusts the polishing parameters in real time according to sensor feedback information.

6. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat-insulating and magnetic-insulating shielding layer is provided between the magnetorheological polishing unit and the mechanical polishing unit.

7. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning accuracy of the displacement sensor is in the micron level, ensuring that the switching positioning error of the polishing structure is ≤5 μm.

8. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-axis movable workbench comprises a lead screw, a nut, a guide rail and a slider, realizes axial movement through a driving motor, and is equipped with a grating scale or a magnetic scale as a position feedback device.

9. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing head body is made of ceramic material.

10. The multifunctional composite polishing head hardware module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The surface finish of the ceramic material is Ra≤0.1 μm.

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