A heavy duty truck powertrain based on solid state hydrogen storage incorporating thermal management

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management power system, it is related to the technical field of hydrogen energy efficient storage and energy saving, the system includes hydrogen storage device, hydrogen supply device, fuel cell device, heat pump device, air supply device, drive motor, cooling system and control system etc.;Hydrogen storage device adopts hydrogen release design of sub-module;Heat pump is with fuel cell as cold end, with solid-state hydrogen storage material as hot end;Hydrogen supply device recycles hydrogen not reacted in fuel cell through ejector;The application adopts hydrogen release design of sub-module, reduces the energy consumption of short-distance transport, and recovers part of waste heat when fuel cell operates through heat pump device, supplies it to solid-state hydrogen storage material, reduces the burden of fuel cell cooling, improves the efficiency of overall power system, prolongs the endurance under the same hydrogen storage capacity, and structure, principle is simple, it is easy to realize in technology, and cost is relatively low.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of efficient hydrogen energy storage and energy saving, and particularly relates to a power system of a heavy truck combined with heat management based on solid-state hydrogen storage. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current hydrogen fuel cell in the heavy truck uses a hydrogen storage method of liquid hydrogen storage and high-pressure gas cylinder hydrogen storage. The liquid hydrogen storage has the disadvantages of high energy consumption for liquefaction, high storage requirements, and difficulty in long-term storage. The high-pressure gas cylinder hydrogen storage has low volume hydrogen storage density, which limits the endurance of the heavy truck, generally not more than 500 km. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material has the advantages of low price, non-toxicity, high safety, and low storage requirements, but has the disadvantages of high hydrogen desorption temperature and large hydrogen desorption enthalpy. The energy required to heat the hydrogen storage material to the hydrogen desorption temperature is relatively large. If the hydrogen storage material is designed as a whole, all the hydrogen storage materials need to be heated every time, which significantly increases the energy consumption of short-distance transportation, the hydrogen desorption energy consumption is too high, and the short-distance endurance of the heavy truck (heavy truck) is reduced. In addition, the efficiency of the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell is generally about 60%, and the working temperature is not higher than 80℃, which also brings a high cooling demand. High cooling energy consumption further increases the energy consumption of the heavy truck, thereby further reducing the endurance of the heavy truck. At the same time, the hydrogen gas flowing through the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is often not completely reacted, and this part of hydrogen gas is not effectively utilized, which also causes waste of hydrogen storage material and hydrogen storage and desorption energy consumption. Therefore, in order to improve the endurance of the heavy truck, it is necessary to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an optimized solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen release system for the heavy truck to reduce hydrogen consumption and improve fuel economy, so as to realize long-endurance stable operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage heavy truck. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of high hydrogen consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage type heavy truck in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a power system of a heavy truck combined with heat management based on solid-state hydrogen storage, so as to reasonably distribute and utilize the heat generated during the operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage type heavy truck, and improve the utilization rate of hydrogen fuel.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a power system of a heavy truck combined with heat management based on solid-state hydrogen storage, comprising a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen supply device, a fuel cell device, and a heat pump device.

[0007] The fuel cell device has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, and a third heat exchanger is arranged inside the fuel cell device, the third heat exchanger comprising a third heat pump working medium flow path, an inlet of the third heat pump working medium flow path being connected with the first liquid inlet, and an outlet of the third heat pump working medium flow path being connected with the first liquid outlet;

[0008] The heat pump device comprises a heat pump compressor and a throttling valve, an inlet of the heat pump compressor being connected with the first liquid outlet through a heat pump working medium pipeline, and an outlet of the throttling valve being connected with the first liquid inlet through the heat pump working medium pipeline;

[0009] The hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen storage unit comprising a first heat exchanger, a hydrogen storage material being arranged on a surface of the first heat exchanger, and the first heat exchanger comprising a first heat pump working medium flow path inside, an inlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path being connected with an outlet of the heat pump compressor through a heat pump working medium pipeline, and an outlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path being connected with an inlet of the throttling valve through the heat pump working medium pipeline;

[0010] The hydrogen storage unit has at least two, and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected with an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device through a hydrogen supply device.

[0011] Preferably, the hydrogen storage unit comprises a hydrogen storage container, the first heat exchanger and the hydrogen storage material being arranged inside a cavity of the hydrogen storage container, an inlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path being connected with a first flow regulating valve, an outlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path being connected with a second flow regulating valve, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit being arranged on the cavity of the hydrogen storage container, the hydrogen storage container being connected with the hydrogen supply device through a hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit being connected with a third flow regulating valve.

[0012] Further preferably, a first safety valve is arranged on a wall of the cavity of the hydrogen storage container, and an outlet of the first safety valve is connected with an external environment.

[0013] Further preferably, the opening degrees of the first flow regulating valve, the second flow regulating valve and the third flow regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system is electrically connected with the fuel cell device.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen supply device comprises an ejector, a hydrogen inlet of the ejector being connected with the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen outlet of the ejector being connected with the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device, and the anode of the fuel cell device comprising a surplus hydrogen discharge outlet, the surplus hydrogen discharge outlet being divided into two paths, one path being connected with a low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector, and the other path being connected with the external environment through a second safety valve.

[0015] Further preferably, a hydrogen pump is connected between the hydrogen inlet of the ejector and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pump being connected with a hydrogen pipeline inside a second heat exchanger through a hydrogen pipeline, and the second heat exchanger further comprising a second cooling pipeline connected with a cold source.

[0016] Preferably, the fuel cell device comprises a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the third heat exchanger further comprises a third cooling pipeline, an inlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected with the second liquid inlet, and an outlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected with the second liquid outlet; a cold source is connected between the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet.

[0017] Preferably, a seventh heat exchanger is connected in series between the outlet of the first heat pump working medium pipeline and the inlet of the throttling valve, the seventh heat exchanger further comprises a seventh cooling pipeline, and the seventh cooling pipeline is connected with a cold source.

[0018] Further preferably, the cold source is a cooling circulation system, a fourth flow regulating valve, a sixth heat exchanger and a water pump are connected in sequence on a cooling pipeline of the cooling circulation system; a fifth cooling pipeline inside the fifth heat exchanger is connected on the cooling pipeline between the outlet of the water pump and the fourth flow regulating valve, and the fifth heat exchanger is used for cooling the drive motor system of the heavy truck.

[0019] Further preferably, a fourth cooling pipeline inside the fourth heat exchanger is connected on the cooling pipeline between the water pump and the fourth flow regulating valve, and an air pipeline is further arranged inside the fourth heat exchanger, the air pipeline is connected with an external air and a cathode air inlet of the fuel cell device.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The application provides a heavy truck power system based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management, which is based on an existing hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck, adopts a hydrogen release design of sub-modules, controls hydrogen output of the hydrogen storage device and heating working medium flow, independently heats and cooperatively release hydrogen of the hydrogen storage material in each hydrogen storage unit, compared with the overall heating and hydrogen release of the hydrogen storage module in the prior art, on the one hand, each hydrogen storage unit can use less heat to heat and realize hydrogen release, on the other hand, the reasonable distribution of hydrogen release of the hydrogen storage unit can be realized according to the actual needs of the heavy truck operation, the heat energy loss is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, especially the energy consumption in short-distance transportation is reduced, and the service life of the hydrogen storage material is improved; the application also provides a heat pump device which synchronously acts with the hydrogen storage device, the heat pump device absorbs heat at the fuel cell device and releases heat at the hydrogen storage material, the heat pump device undertakes part of the cooling task of the fuel cell device, and can transmit the waste heat generated by the fuel cell device to the hydrogen storage device to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage material, realizes the recycling of the waste heat, and improves the hydrogen consumption and energy consumption of the system. When the heavy truck is running, the hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen in sub-modules, the heating energy consumption in short-distance transportation is reduced, the heat pump system recycles part of the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during operation, supplies the hydrogen storage material, reduces the burden of the fuel cell cooling, improves the overall efficiency of the power system, prolongs the endurance under the same hydrogen storage capacity, and has simple structure and principle, is easy to realize in technology, and has low cost.

[0022] Further, the application recycles the hydrogen remaining after the anode reaction of the fuel cell device by using an ejector, and improves the utilization rate of hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic diagram of the power system of the heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management in an embodiment.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a partial structure schematic diagram of the power system of the heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management in an embodiment.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a relationship diagram of the temperature of the hydrogen storage material, the driving motor and the fuel cell and the driving distance when the heavy truck runs at a constant speed in an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a relationship diagram of the residual hydrogen mass of the hydrogen storage material and the driving distance when the heavy truck runs at a constant speed in an embodiment adopting the hydrogen release design of sub-modules.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a hydrogen absorption and release thermodynamic comparison diagram of common metal hydrogen storage materials.

[0028] Part name and serial number in the figure: 1, hydrogen storage device; 11, hydrogen storage material; 12, first heat exchanger; 13, hydrogen storage container; 14, first flow regulating valve; 15, second flow regulating valve; 16, third flow regulating valve; 17, temperature sensor; 18, first safety valve; 2, hydrogen supply device; 21, hydrogen pump; 22, second heat exchanger; 23, temperature sensor; 24, ejector; 25, second safety valve; 3, fuel cell device; 31, proton exchange membrane fuel cell; 32, third heat exchanger; 33, temperature sensor; 4, heat pump device; 41, heat pump compressor; 42, throttle valve; 5, air supply device; 51, air compressor; 52, air pressure sensor; 53, fourth heat exchanger; 54, air expander; 6, drive motor system; 61, DC motor; 62, fifth heat exchanger; 63, temperature sensor; 7, cooling circulation system; 71, water pump; 72, fourth flow regulating valve; 73, sixth heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the personnel in the technical field better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application; the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] The following will be specifically described in combination with the accompanying drawings:

[0032] The present application provides a heavy truck combined with a power system based on solid-state hydrogen storage and thermal management, referring to Figure 1, comprising a hydrogen storage device 1, a hydrogen supply device 2, a fuel cell device 3 and a heat pump device 4;

[0033] The fuel cell device 3 has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, and a third heat exchanger 32 is arranged inside the fuel cell device 3, the third heat exchanger 32 comprising a third heat pump working medium flow path, an inlet of the third heat pump working medium flow path being connected to the first liquid inlet through a heat pump working medium pipeline, and an outlet of the third heat pump working medium flow path being connected to the first liquid outlet through the heat pump working medium pipeline;

[0034] The heat pump device 4 comprises a heat pump compressor 41 and a throttling valve 42, an inlet of the heat pump compressor 41 being connected to the first liquid outlet through the heat pump working medium pipeline, and an outlet of the throttling valve 42 being connected to the first liquid inlet through the heat pump working medium pipeline;

[0035] The hydrogen storage device 1 has a hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen storage unit comprising a first heat exchanger 12 and a hydrogen storage material 11 arranged on the first heat exchanger 12, the first heat exchanger 12 comprising a first heat pump working medium flow path, an inlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path being connected to an outlet of the heat pump compressor 41 through a heat pump working medium pipeline, and an outlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path being connected to an inlet of the throttling valve 42 through the heat pump working medium pipeline;

[0036] The hydrogen storage unit has at least two, and a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device 3 through the hydrogen supply device 2.

[0037] Further, please refer to Figure 2 The hydrogen storage unit comprises a hydrogen storage container 13, the first heat exchanger 12 and the hydrogen storage material 11 being arranged inside a cavity of the hydrogen storage container 13; the inlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path is connected to a first flow regulating valve 14, the outlet of the first heat pump working medium flow path is connected to a second flow regulating valve 15, the outlet of the second flow regulating valve 15 being connected to the inlet of the throttling valve 42; the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is arranged on the cavity of the hydrogen storage container 13, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit being connected to the hydrogen supply device 2 through a hydrogen pipeline, and a third flow regulating valve 16 being connected to the hydrogen pipeline.

[0038] Further, a first safety valve 18 is arranged on a cavity wall of the hydrogen storage container 13, for connecting the cavity inside the hydrogen storage container 13 to the external environment.

[0039] The hydrogen storage container 13 comprises an inner container containing hydrogen storage material, a pressure-resistant shell, a heat insulation layer and an outer container, the pressure-resistant shell is sleeved outside the inner container, and the heat insulation layer and the outer container are sleeved outside the pressure-resistant shell; the material of the heat insulation layer is low-cost, low-thermal-conductivity and low-density material such as glass wool. The hydrogen storage material 11 is divided into small pieces and is in non-rigid contact with the heat exchange fins of the first heat exchanger 12; the working medium pipeline of the first heat exchanger 12 is divided into four branches after entering the hydrogen storage container 13, one branch is arranged in the middle of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the remaining three branches are uniformly distributed at positions close to the edges of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the flow rates of the three branches at the edges are slightly greater than that of the middle branch.

[0040] The hydrogen storage device 1 adopts a design of releasing hydrogen gas in modules, each hydrogen storage container 13 loads part of the hydrogen storage material, and when running, the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage container 13 is heated in sequence to reduce heat dissipation and reduce the proportion of energy consumption for heating the hydrogen storage material during short-distance transportation.

[0041] Further, the opening degrees of the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15 and the third flow regulating valve 16 are controlled by a control system, and the control system is electrically connected with the fuel cell device 3.

[0042] Further, referring to Figure 1 , the hydrogen supply device 2 comprises an ejector 24, a hydrogen inlet of the ejector 24 is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and a hydrogen outlet of the ejector 24 is connected with an anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device 3; the anode of the fuel cell device 3 comprises a surplus hydrogen outlet, the surplus hydrogen outlet is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector 24, and the other path is connected with the external environment through a second safety valve 25.

[0043] The ejector 24 uses high-pressure hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage device 1 to eject the hydrogen gas remaining after reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31; in the hydrogen supply device 2, if the hydrogen pressure is higher than a safety threshold, the second safety valve 25 opens to release hydrogen to the outside and sends out an alarm. The fuel cell system is used for reacting hydrogen and oxygen to generate electric energy required for driving the heavy truck and other systems inside the heavy truck.

[0044] Further, a hydrogen pump 21 is connected between the hydrogen inlet of the ejector 24 and a hydrogen valve. According to the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 and the working condition of the fuel cell, the hydrogen pump 21 functions as a pump or an expander. The hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pump 21, or the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen outlet is connected with the hydrogen pipeline inside the second heat exchanger 22 in series, and the second heat exchanger 22 further comprises a second cooling pipeline, and the cooling pipeline is connected with a cold source.

[0045] Optionally, the fuel cell device 3 comprises a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the third heat exchanger 32 further comprises a third cooling pipeline, the inlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected with the second liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third cooling pipeline is connected with the second liquid outlet; the cold source is connected between the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet.

[0046] Optionally, the first heat pump working medium pipeline is connected in series with the heat pump working medium pipeline in the seventh heat exchanger between the outlet of the first heat pump working medium pipeline and the inlet of the throttling valve 42, and the seventh heat exchanger further comprises a seventh cooling pipeline, and the seventh cooling pipeline is connected with the cold source.

[0047] Further, referring to Figure 1 The heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage and combined with the thermal management power system provided by the application adopts the cooling circulation system 7 as a cold source to provide cold energy for the system, the cooling pipeline of the cooling circulation system 7 is sequentially connected with the fourth flow regulating valve 72, the sixth heat exchanger 73 and the water pump 71, the medium in the cooling pipeline circulates under the action of the water pump 71 and absorbs cold energy at the sixth heat exchanger 73 to supply cold to each heat exchange device downstream, and the fifth cooling pipeline in the fifth heat exchanger 62 is connected to the cooling pipeline between the outlet of the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, and the fifth heat exchanger 62 is used for cooling the driving motor system 6. The second heat exchanger 22, the third heat exchanger 32 and the fifth heat exchanger 62 are all connected to the cooling pipeline between the outlet of the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, and the three heat exchangers can be sequentially connected in series or connected in parallel with each other.

[0048] In some preferred embodiments, the supercooling device is installed between the throttling valve 42 and the second flow regulating valve 15, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the heat pump compressor 41 while the heat pump device 4 meets all cooling requirements of the fuel cell. In this scheme, the seventh cooling pipeline in the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the cooling pipeline between the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, and a seventh heat pump working medium pipeline is further arranged in the seventh heat exchanger, and the seventh heat pump working medium pipeline is connected in series with the heat pump working medium pipeline between the outlet of the first heat pump working medium pipeline and the inlet of the throttling valve 42. In this embodiment, the cold energy source of the supercooling device can be the cooling circulation system 7 or other cold sources independent of the cooling circulation system 7.

[0049] Optionally, the fourth cooling pipeline in the fourth heat exchanger 53 is connected to the cooling pipeline between the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, and the fourth heat exchanger 53 further comprises an air pipeline connected with the external environment and the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell device 3, and used for providing oxygen to the cathode of the fuel cell device 3.

[0050] Further, the heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage and combined with a thermal management power system further comprises an air supply device 5, which comprises an air compressor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a fourth heat exchanger 53 and an air expander 54, the air pipes of the air compressor 51, the air pressure sensor 52 and the fourth heat exchanger 53 are sequentially connected, and the air expander 54 is arranged at the cathode gas outlet of the fuel cell device 3 and communicates with the outside.

[0051] The air compressor 51 and the air expander 54 in the air supply device 5 are coaxial, and part of the compression work is recovered through the air expander 54 to reduce the energy consumption of the air compression device.

[0052] The flow of the water pump 71 is adjusted according to the temperature of the direct current motor 61 in the driving motor system 6 and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 in the fuel cell device 3, and the opening degree of the fourth flow regulating valve 72 is adjusted according to the outlet temperature of the hydrogen side of the second heat exchanger 22.

[0053] Further, the heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage and combined with a thermal management power system further comprises a driving motor system 6, and the fuel cell device 3 is connected with the driving motor system 6 and delivers electric current to the driving motor system 6.

[0054] The heavy truck based on solid-state hydrogen storage and combined with a thermal management power system further comprises sensors, and the control system controls the opening degrees of the valves and the start and stop of the equipment according to the signals of the sensors.

[0055] The hydrogen absorption and desorption thermodynamics of common metal hydrogen storage materials is shown in the attached figure Figure 5 . The horizontal coordinate is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to metal atoms in the hydrogen storage material, and the vertical coordinate is the hydrogen pressure. The OA section is the stage in which the α phase (low-temperature stable phase) is formed; the AB section is the stage in which the α phase is converted into the β phase (high-temperature stable phase), and the equilibrium hydrogen pressure is approximately constant at a certain temperature, and this interval represents the effective hydrogen storage capacity; after the B point, α the phase is completely converted into the β phase. As can be seen from the figure, Figure 5 as the temperature increases, the AB section gradually shortens, indicating that too high a temperature is not conducive to the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0056] When the hydrogen storage device 1 releases hydrogen:

[0057] At the beginning, the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 is higher than the equilibrium pressure corresponding to the set hydrogen desorption temperature.

[0058] When starting, open the third flow regulating valve 16, start the hydrogen pump 21, start other supporting parts (such as air supply device, etc.), hydrogen enters the fuel cell device 3 to react, and provides electric energy for each power consumption device, and the fuel cell starts to warm up;

[0059] When the fuel cell starts to work, the heat pump device 4 is started to provide heat for the hydrogen storage material 11, and after the hydrogen storage material 11 reaches the preset hydrogen release temperature (such as 110℃) and the fuel cell temperature is stable near the set temperature (such as 80℃), the whole system enters a stable working state.

[0060] If the pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 is higher than the corresponding hydrogen deficiency of the balance pressure part, the fuel cell temperature cannot reach the set temperature, and several high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles can be considered to provide additional hydrogen source for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, or the hydrogen storage container 13 has the function of a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle when the heat pump is not started.

[0061] When the hydrogen storage device 1 is filled with hydrogen:

[0062] When the hydrogen storage material 11 is filled with hydrogen, the heat pump device 4 and the cooling circulation system 7 can be opened, and the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15 and the throttle valve 42 are opened to the maximum. At this time, the working medium in the heat pump device only plays a cooling role, and the heat generated during the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage material 11 is taken away during the circulation process.

[0063] In order to facilitate the understanding of the above technical solutions, reference Figure 1 will be made to specific descriptions in conjunction with embodiments.

[0064] Embodiment

[0065] Reference Figure 1 A vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system includes a hydrogen storage device 1, a hydrogen supply device 2, a fuel cell device 3, a heat pump device 4, an air supply device 5, a driving motor system 6 and a cooling circulation system 7.

[0066] The application provides a heavy truck power system based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with heat management. By replacing the hydrogen storage mode to solid-state hydrogen storage with module hydrogen release, and adding a supporting heat management device, when the heavy truck is running, the hydrogen storage material 11 is heated in modules, and the heat pump device 4 recovers part of the waste heat generated during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 and provides it to the hydrogen storage material 11, thereby reducing the cooling burden of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 and improving the overall efficiency of the power system, prolonging the endurance under the same hydrogen storage capacity, and the structure and principle are simple, easy to implement in technology, and low in cost, providing a new idea for the development of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks.

[0067] In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage material 11 is MgH2-Ni3ZnC 0.7 / CNT, the material of the heat insulation layer in the hydrogen storage container 13 is glass wool, the working medium of the heat pump device 4 is R600a, and the cooling liquid of the cooling circulation system 7 is pure water.

[0068] In this embodiment, the matching characteristics of the key parameters of each component of the system are studied through Amesim simulation, and reference is made to Figure 3 The results show that the design of the thermal system in this embodiment is feasible. Figure 4 The results show that the hydrogen storage device 1 adopting the design of releasing hydrogen in a modular manner can operate stably. Figure 3 Figure 4 The results show that the design in this embodiment can ensure that the 50t heavy truck can run stably for more than 1000km. For example, when the hydrogen storage material 11 carried can accommodate 95.4kg of hydrogen, the heavy truck has a load of about 38 tons and can run at a constant speed on a flat and windless road for about 1034km.

[0069] In this embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 The solid hydrogen storage tank includes the hydrogen storage material 11, the first heat exchanger 12, the hydrogen storage container 13, the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15, the third flow regulating valve 16, the temperature sensor 17, and the first safety valve 18.

[0070] The hydrogen storage container 13 includes an inner container, a pressure-resistant shell, a heat insulation layer, and an outer container. The inner container contains the hydrogen storage metal. The pressure-resistant shell is arranged outside the inner container. The heat insulation layer and the outer container are arranged outside the pressure-resistant shell. The first flow regulating valve 14 is arranged at the working medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 12. The second flow regulating valve 15 is arranged at the working medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 12. The third flow regulating valve 16 is arranged at the pipeline connected with the hydrogen supply device 2. The third flow regulating valve 16 has the function of measuring and regulating the hydrogen flow. The temperature sensor 17 is arranged in the inner container of the hydrogen storage container 13. The first safety valve 18 is connected with the inner container of the hydrogen storage container 13 at the inlet end, and is connected with the atmosphere at the outlet end.

[0071] Reference is made to Figure 2 The hydrogen storage material 11 is divided into small pieces and is in non-rigid contact with the heat exchange fins of the first heat exchanger 12. The fluid pipeline of the first heat exchanger 12 is divided into four branches after entering the hydrogen storage container 13. One branch is arranged in the middle of the hydrogen storage container 13, and the remaining three branches are evenly distributed near the edges of the hydrogen storage container 13. The flow rates of the three branches near the edges are slightly larger than that of the middle branch.

[0072] The hydrogen storage material 11 can be other solid-state hydrogen storage materials with higher hydrogen storage density and lower hydrogen release temperature. The heat insulation material in the hydrogen storage container 13 can be other materials with low price, low thermal conductivity, and small density. The working medium of the heat pump can be other working media that can work between 70℃ and 120℃, ​

[0073] The inner container volume of the hydrogen storage container 13 is appropriately larger than the volume of the hydrogen storage material 11 filled with hydrogen, for accommodating the volume expansion of the hydrogen storage material 11 caused by temperature rise, and for accommodating the hydrogen gas flow channel; considering the volume change of the hydrogen storage material 11 caused by hydrogen absorption and release and temperature change, the pipeline arrangement in the hydrogen storage container 13 leaves sufficient space, or is filled with elastic material.

[0074] Reference Figure 1 The hydrogen storage device 1 adopts a modular hydrogen release design; when the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material 11a in one hydrogen storage container 13a is insufficient, the system switches to the next hydrogen storage container 13b for relay; and when the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material 11a does not reach the switching threshold, the other hydrogen storage materials 11b, 11c will not be heated, so as to achieve the purpose of block hydrogen release and energy saving.

[0075] Specific working process: when the remaining hydrogen of the hydrogen storage material 11a in the hydrogen storage container 13a in use is about to be insufficient, open the first flow regulating valve 14b and the second flow regulating valve 15b corresponding to the next hydrogen storage container 13b; when the hydrogen storage material 11b is heated to the hydrogen release temperature, close the first flow regulating valve 14a, the second flow regulating valve 15a and the third flow regulating valve 16a, and open the third flow regulating valve 16b at the same time, to complete the switching.

[0076] When the hydrogen storage material 11 is filled with hydrogen, the heat pump device 4 and the cooling circulation system 7 can be opened, and the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15 and the throttle valve 42 are opened to the maximum to take away the heat generated when the hydrogen storage material 11 absorbs hydrogen.

[0077] Reference Figure 2 If the pressure in the hydrogen storage container 13 is too large, the first safety valve 18 opens to discharge hydrogen to the outside atmosphere.

[0078] Specific working process: when the hydrogen gas condition in the inner container of the hydrogen storage container 13 is higher than the safety threshold, the first safety valve 18 opens, and the device discharges to the outside; when the hydrogen gas pressure in the inner container of the hydrogen storage container 13 is lower than the safety threshold again, the first safety valve 18 closes.

[0079] Reference Figure 1 The hydrogen supply device 2 includes a hydrogen pump 21, a second heat exchanger 22, a temperature sensor 23, an ejector 24 and a second safety valve 25. The inlet pipeline of the hydrogen supply device 2 is in communication with the inner container; the temperature sensor 23 is arranged at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 22; the inlet of the second safety valve 25 is in communication with the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector 24, and the outlet of the second safety valve 25 is in communication with the outside atmosphere.

[0080] The hydrogen pump 21 communicates with the inner container, and according to the hydrogen gas pressure in the inner container and the working condition of the fuel cell, the hydrogen pump 21 plays the role of a pump or an expander.

[0081] If the hydrogen pressure in the ejector 24 is higher than the safety threshold, the second safety valve 25 opens and releases the hydrogen to the outside.

[0082] Specific working process: when the hydrogen pressure in the ejector 24 is higher than the safety threshold, the second safety valve 25 opens and releases the hydrogen to the outside; when the hydrogen pressure in the ejector 24 is lower than the safety threshold again, the second safety valve 25 closes.

[0083] Reference Figure 1 The fuel cell device 3 includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, a third heat exchanger 32 and a temperature sensor 33. The anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is in communication with the outlet end of the ejector 24, the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is in communication with the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector 24, and the hydrogen remaining after the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 enters the hydrogen supply device 2; the temperature sensor 33 is used to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31.

[0084] Reference Figure 1 The heat pump device 4 includes a heat pump compressor 41, a throttling valve 42, an evaporator of the heat pump device 4, i.e. the third heat exchanger 32 in the fuel cell device 3, and a condenser of the heat pump device 4, i.e. the first heat exchanger 12 in the hydrogen storage device 1.

[0085] The heat pump compressor 41 and the throttling valve 42 are controlled by the control system, and their working states are adjusted according to the temperature of the inner container.

[0086] The air supply device 5 includes an air compressor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a fourth heat exchanger 53 and an air expander 54. The air compressor 51 is in communication with the cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 through a pipeline; the air expander 54 is in communication with the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 through a pipeline.

[0087] The air compressor 51 and the air expander 54 are coaxial, so as to reduce the power consumption of the air supply device.

[0088] A dehumidification device can be added between the air expander 54 and the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 to improve the dryness of the working medium in the air expander 54.

[0089] Reference Figure 1 The driving motor system 6 includes a direct current motor 61, a fifth heat exchanger 62 and a temperature sensor 63. The temperature sensor 63 is used to measure the temperature of the direct current motor 61.

[0090] Reference Figure 1 The cooling circulation system 7 includes a water pump 71, a fourth flow regulating valve 72 and a sixth heat exchanger 73.

[0091] The cooling water pumped out from the water pump 71 passes through the fifth heat exchanger 62, the third heat exchanger 32 and the fourth heat exchanger 53 in sequence, is branched to the second heat exchanger 22 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, is merged and then added to the sixth heat exchanger 73, and re-enters the water pump 71.

[0092] The cooling liquid of the cooling circulation system 7 can be other liquid with good flowability, low corrosiveness, high specific heat, wide working temperature range, safety and low price, such as ethylene glycol.

[0093] The fourth flow regulating valve 72 is controlled by the control system, and adjusts its opening degree according to the signal of the temperature sensor 23, so that the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 22 will not be too high to damage the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31.

[0094] The water pump 71 is controlled by the control system, and adjusts its working state according to the signals of the temperature sensor 33 and the temperature sensor 63.

[0095] The control system receives the signals of the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor 17 and the flow regulating valve in the hydrogen storage device 1, the hydrogen supply device 2, the fuel cell device 3, the air supply device 5 and the driving motor system 6, outputs control signals to the first flow regulating valve 14, the second flow regulating valve 15, the third flow regulating valve 16, the hydrogen pump 21, the heat pump compressor 41, the throttle valve 42, the air compressor 51, the water pump 71 and the fourth flow regulating valve 72, and receives feedback signals.

[0096] The above is only to illustrate the technical idea of the present application, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification made according to the technical idea of the present application on the basis of the technical scheme falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen storage device (1), a hydrogen supply device (2), a fuel cell device (3), and a heat pump device (4). The fuel cell device (3) has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet. A third heat exchanger (32) is installed inside the fuel cell device (3). The third heat exchanger (32) includes a third heat pump working fluid flow path. The inlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid inlet, and the outlet of the third heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the first liquid outlet. The fuel cell device (3) includes a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet. The third heat exchanger (32) also includes a third cooling pipe. The inlet of the third cooling pipe is connected to the second liquid inlet. The outlet of the cooling pipe is connected to the second liquid outlet; a cold source is connected between the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet; the cold source is the cooling circulation system (7), and the cooling pipe of the cooling circulation system (7) is connected in sequence to the fourth flow regulating valve (72), the sixth heat exchanger (73) and the water pump (71); the cooling pipe between the outlet of the water pump (71) and the fourth flow regulating valve (72) is connected to the fifth cooling pipe inside the fifth heat exchanger (62), and the fifth heat exchanger (62) is used to cool the drive motor system (6) of the heavy truck; The heat pump device (4) includes a heat pump compressor (41) and a throttle valve (42). The inlet of the heat pump compressor (41) is connected to the first liquid outlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline, and the outlet of the throttle valve (42) is connected to the first liquid inlet through a heat pump working fluid pipeline. The hydrogen storage device (1) includes a hydrogen storage unit, which includes a first heat exchanger (12). The surface of the first heat exchanger (12) is provided with a hydrogen storage material (11). The first heat exchanger (12) includes a first heat pump working fluid flow path inside. The inlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the outlet of the heat pump compressor (41) through a heat pump working fluid pipeline. The outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve (42) through a heat pump working fluid pipeline. The hydrogen storage unit has at least two units, and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device (3) through a hydrogen supply device (2).

2. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen storage container (13), a first heat exchanger (12) and a hydrogen storage material (11) disposed inside the cavity of the hydrogen storage container (13); the inlet front end of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to a first flow regulating valve (14), and the outlet rear end of the first heat pump working fluid flow path is connected to a second flow regulating valve (15); the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is disposed on the cavity of the hydrogen storage container (13), and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the hydrogen storage container (13) and the hydrogen supply device (2) through a hydrogen pipeline, and a third flow regulating valve (16) is disposed on the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit.

3. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage container (13) is provided with a first safety valve (18) on the cavity wall, and the outlet of the first safety valve (18) is connected to the external environment.

4. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening degrees of the first flow regulating valve (14), the second flow regulating valve (15) and the third flow regulating valve (16) are controlled by the control system, which is electrically connected to the fuel cell device (3).

5. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen supply device (2) includes an ejector (24), the hydrogen inlet of the ejector (24) is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the hydrogen outlet of the ejector (24) is connected to the anode hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell device (3); the anode of the fuel cell device (3) includes a surplus hydrogen outlet, which is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the low-pressure fluid inlet of the ejector (24), and the other is connected to the external environment through the second safety valve (25).

6. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen inlet of the ejector (24) is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage unit via a hydrogen pump (21); the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen pump (21) is connected to the hydrogen pipeline inside the second heat exchanger (22) via a hydrogen pipeline. The second heat exchanger (22) also includes a second cooling pipeline, which is connected to a cold source.

7. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pump working fluid pipeline inside the seventh heat exchanger is connected in series between the outlet of the first heat pump working fluid flow path and the inlet of the throttling valve (42). The seventh heat exchanger also includes a seventh cooling pipeline, which is connected to a cold source.

8. The power system for heavy-duty trucks based on solid-state hydrogen storage combined with thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling pipe between the water pump (71) and the fourth flow regulating valve (72) is connected to the fourth cooling pipe inside the fourth heat exchanger (53). The fourth heat exchanger (53) is also equipped with an air pipe, which is connected to the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell device (3) from the outside.

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