Steel arch support structure and diversion tunnel temporary support construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a steel arch support structure and a diversion tunnel temporary support construction method, and the steel arch support structure comprises a main support, an edge support and an adjusting assembly. Wherein the main support is arranged in a semi-ring shape, the side support comprises an abutting frame, the adjusting assembly pushes the abutting frame to abut against the surface of surrounding rock through an ejector rod, a grouting groove and a grouting hole are designed in the abutting frame, and in the construction process, quick-setting concrete can be injected into the grouting groove to fill gaps, so that the overall stability and reliability of the supporting structure are further enhanced. In addition, the main support is composed of a plurality of sections of hinged connecting rods, good adaptability and stability are achieved, and meanwhile installation and adjustment modes are optimized. The structure is reasonable in design and easy and convenient to operate, the adaptability to complex geological conditions is remarkably improved, the supporting strength is enhanced, and the construction difficulty is reduced. The purposes of improving the construction efficiency of the diversion tunnel, guaranteeing the construction safety and improving the overall supporting effect are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and in particular to a steel arch support structure and a temporary support construction method for a water diversion tunnel. Background Art

[0002] A diversion tunnel is a specialized water conservancy engineering structure, which is mainly used to transport water resources from a water source to a designated location, such as taking water from a reservoir, river or other water source and introducing the water into the downstream water use area through a closed underground channel. Diversion tunnels are widely used in water conservancy projects, especially in inter-basin water transfer, power plant water supply systems, and agricultural irrigation.

[0003] At present, when diversion tunnels are excavated, initial support is required to control the short-term deformation of the surrounding rock and prevent collapse, so as to provide safety for subsequent construction. In the initial support of the tunnel portal, steel arches are used as important structures. Tunnel steel arch support is a commonly used support method in tunnel construction, especially in weak surrounding rock or complex geological conditions, which can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock and ensure construction safety.

[0004] However, since the steel arch frame is usually prefabricated, its support effect will be affected by the flatness of the surrounding rock surface. If the flatness of some parts of the surrounding rock surface is not good, there will be gaps between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock, which will cause the surrounding rock pressure to be unable to be evenly transmitted to the steel arch frame, resulting in unsatisfactory support effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a steel arch support structure and a temporary support construction method for a water diversion tunnel, which can effectively improve the fit between the steel arch and the surrounding rock, thereby ensuring the support effect, and has the advantages of efficient and convenient installation.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a steel arch support structure, which adopts the following technical solution: A steel arch support structure, comprising a main support, a side support and an adjustment assembly; the main support is arranged in a semi-circular shape, and the side supports and the adjustment assembly are arranged in multiple groups and distributed around the circumference of the main support; The side support includes an abutment frame, the adjustment assembly includes a mandrel screwed to the main support, the end of the mandrel is connected to the abutment frame and is used to push the abutment frame to move radially along the main support, and the abutment frame is used to abut against the surface of the surrounding rock; A grouting groove is arranged on one side of the abutting frame facing the surrounding rock, and a grouting hole communicating with the grouting groove is arranged on the abutting frame.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, a high degree of fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock is achieved, effectively solving the problem of uneven pressure transmission caused by the uneven surface of the surrounding rock. The structure pushes the abutment frame to move radially along the main support by adjusting the top rod in the assembly, so that the abutment frame can fit closely to the surface of the surrounding rock of different shapes, thereby improving the overall stability of the support. At the same time, the design of the grouting groove allows quick-setting concrete to be injected between the abutment frame and the surrounding rock, further filling the possible tiny gaps, enhancing the support strength and sealing, and thus ensuring a good support effect.

[0008] Preferably, the abutment frame includes two oppositely arranged side plates, which are respectively located on both sides of the main support and are slidably connected to the main support. The two side plates serve as side walls of the grouting groove, and the outer side wall of the main support serves as the bottom wall of the grouting groove.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the abutment frame is composed of two side plates, which are slidably connected to the main support, and can adapt to the surrounding rock surface of different shapes, improving the fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock. At the same time, the side plates serve as the side walls of the grouting groove, and the outer side walls of the main support serve as the bottom wall of the grouting groove, forming a stable grouting space, which is convenient for injecting quick-setting concrete to fill the gap, further enhancing the integrity and stability of the support structure.

[0010] Preferably, the main support includes an upper wing plate, a lower wing plate and a web plate, and a mounting groove is formed between the upper wing plate, the web plate and the lower wing plate, and two mounting grooves are provided and are respectively located on both sides of the main support; a through groove is opened on the web plate, and a connecting rod is passed through the through groove, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected to the two side plates; the top rod passes through the lower wing plate and is screwed to the lower wing plate, and the end of the top rod is rotatably connected to the connecting rod.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation grooves between the upper wing plate, the lower wing plate and the web plate provide a stable installation space for the connecting rod, while the through grooves on the web plate allow the connecting rod to pass through flexibly, thereby connecting the side plates on both sides. The design of the screw connection between the top rod and the lower wing plate further realizes the precise control of the side support position. When the top rod is rotated, it pushes the connecting rod to drive the side plate to move along the radial direction of the main support, so that the abutment frame can closely fit the surrounding rock surface of different shapes and flatness. This structure not only increases the contact area between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock, but also enhances the overall stability of the support, and significantly improves the uneven pressure transmission phenomenon caused by the gap problem of the traditional steel arch frame.

[0012] Preferably, two webs are provided, the two webs are parallel and spaced apart, a driving block is provided between the two webs, the connecting rod is passed through the driving block and is rotatably connected to the driving block; the end of the push rod is rotatably connected to the driving block.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the top rod pushes the connecting rod to move, the driving block can stably transmit between two parallel and spaced webs, thereby ensuring that the connecting rod drives the abutment frame to move smoothly along the main support radial direction. This design not only improves the stability of the contact between the abutment frame and the surrounding rock surface, but also enhances the adaptability of the entire steel arch support structure under complex geological conditions, further improving the support effect.

[0014] Preferably, the side plate comprises a main body portion, a transition portion and a guide portion, the main body portion and the guide portion are arranged opposite to each other, the transition portion is located between the main body portion and the guide portion, and the main body portion is connected to the guide portion through the transition portion, the guide portion abuts against the web, and the main body portion abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate; The connecting rod is passed through the main body part and the guide part, and both the main body part and the guide part are connected to the connecting rod.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a stable connection between the side plate and the connecting rod is achieved. At the same time, the structural strength and adaptability of the side plate are enhanced through the design of the main part, the transition part and the guide part. The main part abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate to ensure uniform force distribution and improve the stability of the overall structure. The guide part abuts against the web, further improving the positioning accuracy and reliability of the side plate during operation. This design enables the steel arch support structure to maintain good support performance under complex geological conditions, effectively reducing the impact of surrounding rock pressure on the structure, thereby improving construction safety and efficiency.

[0016] Preferably, the main support includes an upper support and a lower support, the upper support includes a plurality of first support rods hinged to each other end to end; the lower support includes two second support rods, the two second support rods are respectively located at both ends of the upper support and hinged to the first support rods.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the main support is composed of an upper support and a lower support. The upper support forms a flexible structure through multiple first support rods hinged to each other at the head and tail, which can adapt to tunnel contours of different shapes. The two second support rods of the lower support are respectively located at both ends of the upper support and hinged to the first support rods. This design makes the entire steel arch support structure have good adjustability and stability, and can be quickly assembled and adjusted under complex geological conditions, improving construction efficiency while ensuring support effects.

[0018] Preferably, a first connecting block is provided at the end of the bottom support, a second connecting block is provided on the second support rod, a connecting groove is provided on the end face of the second connecting block in the horizontal direction, the inner wall of the connecting groove is an inclined surface, and the end of the first connecting block cooperates with the wedge-shaped groove.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of the bottom support can enhance the overall stability of the steel arch frame, especially providing additional support in the bottom area. The hinged design between the bottom support and the two second support rods allows the angle to be adjusted according to the actual terrain conditions, adapting to the surrounding rock surfaces of different shapes and conditions, and improving applicability. The adjustable length of the bottom support further enhances the installation flexibility, allowing the steel arch frame to be accurately installed in various complex environments, thereby more effectively dispersing the surrounding rock pressure and improving the overall support effect.

[0020] Preferably, the main support further comprises a bottom support, the bottom support is arranged between the two second support rods, and the two ends of the bottom support are respectively hinged to the two second support rods, and the length of the bottom support is adjustable.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the connection between the bottom support and the second support rod is more stable and convenient for quick assembly. Specifically, the first connection block cooperates with the connection groove with the inclined inner wall, so that the bottom support can be automatically aligned and locked during the insertion process, which improves the installation efficiency. It enhances the structural stability and ensures a reliable support effect under complex geological conditions.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application provides a temporary support construction method for a water diversion tunnel, which adopts the steel arch support structure described above and includes the following steps: The steel arch frame is erected, and the side supports are adjusted to make them closely contact with the surrounding rock; quick-setting concrete is injected into the grouting groove.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the main support, side support and adjustment assembly enables the steel arch frame to push the abutment frame to move radially along the main support through the top rod, so that the abutment frame fits closely to the surface of the surrounding rock, solving the problem of uneven pressure transmission caused by the uneven surface of the surrounding rock. In addition, the presence of grouting grooves and grouting holes further enhances the stability between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock, and the bearing capacity of the overall structure is improved by injecting quick-setting concrete to fill the gap.

[0024] Preferably, before the steel arch frame is erected, holes are drilled at the erection position of the steel arch frame; anchor rods are constructed in the holes; steel meshes are tied to the anchor rods; and when the steel arch frame is erected, the steel meshes are placed in the grouting grooves.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, when the steel mesh is placed in the grouting groove, the injected quick-setting concrete can be tightly combined with the steel mesh to form a stable whole, thereby significantly improving the fit and bearing capacity between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock. This improvement not only improves the support effect, but also enhances construction safety.

[0026] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By setting adjustable side supports and top rods, the position of the abutment frame can be flexibly adjusted to make it fit closely to the surrounding rock surface, which significantly improves the fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock and solves the problem of uneven pressure transmission caused by the uneven surface of the surrounding rock; 2. Grouting grooves and holes are designed on the abutment frame. During the construction process, quick-setting concrete can be injected to fill the possible small gaps, further enhancing the overall stability and reliability of the support structure; 3. The sliding connection between the side support and the main support, combined with the design of multiple sets of adjustment components, makes the entire steel arch highly adaptable and suitable for water diversion tunnel construction sites under various complex geological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the steel arch support structure in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the main support in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a steel arch support structure in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram used to display the bottom support structure and the coordination relationship between the bottom support and the main support.

[0028] Markings in the accompanying drawings: 1. main support; 11. upper wing plate; 12. lower wing plate; 13. web; 14. first support rod; 15. second support rod; 16. bottom support; 161. first connecting block; 162. screw; 163. sleeve; 17. second connecting block; 2. side support; 21. abutment frame; 211. main part; 212. transition part; 213. guide part; 22. driving block; 23. connecting rod; 3. adjustment assembly; 31. top rod; 4. grouting groove; 5. grouting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0030] A steel arch support structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is referred to as Figure 1The steel arch support structure includes a main support 1, a side support 2 and an adjustment component 3. The main support 1 is arranged in a semi-circular shape to match the shape of the tunnel. For example, the cross-sectional forms of the water diversion tunnel are usually circular, gate-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, high arch-shaped, etc., and the specific shape of the main support 1 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel. There are multiple side supports 2 and they are arranged around the main support 1. The adjustment component 3 is also arranged in multiple groups and corresponds to the side supports 2 one by one. The side supports 2 are composed of abutment frames 21. The adjustment component 3 includes a top rod 31 screwed to the main support 1. The end of the top rod 31 is connected to the abutment frame 21 and can push it to move radially along the main support 1. The abutment frame 21 is used to close to the surface of the surrounding rock. A grouting groove 4 is designed on the side of the abutment frame 21 facing the surrounding rock, and a grouting hole 5 connected to the grouting groove 4 is provided, so that the support effect can be further enhanced by grouting after the abutment frame 21 is close to the surrounding rock.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main support 1 includes an upper support and a lower support. The upper support includes a plurality of first support rods 14 hinged to each other end to end; the lower support includes two second support rods 15, which are respectively located at both ends of the upper support and hinged to the first support rods 14.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present application, the first support rod 14 and the second support rod 15 are both made of steel, preferably I-steel, including an upper wing plate 11, a lower wing plate 12 and a web 13, and have a high load-bearing capacity. Two first support rods 14 are provided, and the ends are hinged. All of the above hinge points are located on the inner side of the main support 1, so that the first support rod 14 and the second support rod 15 can be folded toward the inner side of the main support 1, so that the main support 1 is folded, and correspondingly, the first support rod 14 and the second support rod 15 can also be unfolded, so that the main support 1 is unfolded into a shape corresponding to the tunnel section. Therefore, when erecting a steel arch frame, the steel arch frame can be folded and placed in the erection position, and then the steel arch frame can be unfolded and abutted against the surrounding rock.

[0033] A pad is further provided at the hinge, and the first support rods 14 and the first support rods 14 and the second support rods 15 are abutted against each other through the pad, thereby improving the stability of the connection.

[0034] Reference Figure 5 In order to enhance the overall stability, the main support 1 also includes a bottom support 16, which is arranged between the two second support rods 15, and the two ends of the bottom support 16 are respectively hinged to the two second support rods 15, and the length of the bottom support 16 is adjustable. Specifically, the bottom support 16 can adopt a structural form of a combination of a screw rod 162 and a sleeve 163, that is, the screw rod 162 and the sleeve 163 are screwed together, and the length is adjusted by making the screw rod 162 and the sleeve 163 rotate relative to each other.

[0035] Furthermore, a first connection block 161 is provided at the end of the bottom support 16, and a second connection block 17 is provided on the second support rod 15. A connection groove is provided on the horizontal end face of the second connection block 17, and the inner wall of the connection groove is an inclined surface, and the end of the first connection block 161 cooperates with the connection groove. This structural form facilitates the rapid connection of the bottom support 16 and the main support 1, facilitates the improvement of construction efficiency, and can ensure the stability of the entire support structure.

[0036] Furthermore, in order to enable the side supports 2 to be folded or unfolded along with the main support 1 , a plurality of side supports 2 may be respectively arranged on different first support rods 14 and second support rods 15 .

[0037] The abutment frame 21 is composed of two side plates arranged opposite to each other. The side plates can be made of steel plates to ensure sufficient strength and good corrosion resistance.

[0038] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the two side panels are respectively located on both sides of the main support 1 and are slidably connected to the main support 1. Specifically, the two side panels include a main body portion 211, a transition portion 212 and a guide portion 213. The main body portion 211 and the guide portion 213 are arranged opposite to each other, the transition portion 212 is located between the main body portion 211 and the guide portion 213, and the main body portion 211 is connected to the guide portion 213 through the transition portion 212. In the present application, the main body portion 211, the transition portion 212 and the guide portion 213 can be bent from a whole piece of steel plate to ensure the integrity and durability of the side panels. The guide portion 213 abuts against the web 13, and the main body portion 211 abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate 11.

[0039] The abutment frame 21 also includes a connecting rod 23 and a driving block 22. The connecting rod 23 is arranged perpendicular to the web 13. A through groove is opened on the web 13 along its own width direction. The connecting rod 23 is inserted into the through groove. The two ends of the connecting rod 23 are respectively connected to the two side plates, and the connecting rod 23 is inserted into the main part 211 and the guide part 213. A nut is screwed on the connecting rod 23, and the main part 211 and the guide part 213 are fixed by the nut.

[0040] The driving block 22 is arranged on the web 13. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, two webs 13 are provided and arranged relatively parallel. The driving block 22 is arranged between the two webs 13, and the two webs 13 abut against the side walls of the driving block 22, so that the driving block 22 can slide between the two webs 13. The connecting rod 23 is passed through the driving block 22 and is rotatably connected to the driving block 22.

[0041] The adjustment assembly 3 includes a push rod 31 that passes through the lower wing plate 12, and one end of the push rod 31 is rotatably connected to the driving block 22, and the push rod 31 is threadedly connected to the lower wing plate 12, so the position of the side plate can be adjusted by twisting the push rod 31.

[0042] Furthermore, in order to improve the stability of the side panels, two pairs of connecting blocks and connecting rods 23 are provided, and are respectively arranged at both ends of the length direction of the side panels. Two top rods 31 are also provided accordingly. Therefore, by flexibly adjusting the positions of the two ends of the side panels, the side panels can be closely abutted against the surrounding rocks.

[0043] In order to facilitate the adjustment of the side panels, a certain gap should be left between two adjacent groups of side supports 2. And during the subsequent grouting, the gap should be blocked to avoid grout leakage.

[0044] Furthermore, a grouting groove 4 is enclosed between the two side plates and the upper wing plate 11, the two side plates serve as the side walls of the grouting groove 4, and the outer surface of the upper wing plate 11 serves as the bottom wall of the grouting groove 4. Grouting holes 5 are provided on the side plates, and the grouting holes 5 are connected to the inside of the grouting groove 4. When the steel arch frame is erected, grouting needs to be performed into the grouting groove 4 through the grouting holes 5, so as to adjust the grouting groove 4, and then fill the gap between the surrounding rock and the main support 1, so as to further enhance the supporting effect of the steel arch frame on the surrounding rock.

[0045] The present application also discloses a temporary support construction method for a water diversion tunnel, which mainly includes the following steps: In the first step, before the steel arch frame is erected, drilling operations are performed at the predetermined erection location; then anchor rods are constructed in the holes and steel meshes are tied to the anchor rods. The steel meshes and anchor rods serve as basic reinforcement measures; finally, the steel arch frame is formally erected so that the steel meshes are accurately placed inside the grouting groove 4.

[0046] The second step is to adjust the side support 2 to make it as close to the surrounding rock contour as possible after completing the above pretreatment process, until the side panel fits tightly with the surrounding rock surface, and then inject quick-setting concrete into the grouting groove 4. The initial setting time of quick-setting concrete is generally 1 to 5 minutes, and the final setting time is 5 to 12 minutes.

[0047] In addition, before grouting, pads, pads, etc. can be laid on the inner wall of the grouting groove 4 to isolate the concrete from the side panels, so as to facilitate the separation of the steel arch frame from the concrete structure during subsequent disassembly.

[0048] After the quick-setting concrete has finally set, the steel arch support structure can be installed. Other additional construction steps, such as shotcrete, can be carried out as appropriate to complete the construction of the temporary support of the water diversion tunnel.

[0049] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel arch support structure, characterized in that: It comprises a main support (1), a side support (2) and an adjustment component (3); the main support (1) is arranged in a semi-circular shape, and the side supports (2) and the adjustment component (3) are both arranged in multiple groups and distributed around the circumference of the main support (1); The side support (2) comprises an abutment frame (21), the adjustment assembly (3) comprises a push rod (31) screwed to the main support (1), the end of the push rod (31) is connected to the abutment frame (21) and is used to push the abutment frame (21) to move radially along the main support (1), and the abutment frame (21) is used to abut against the surface of the surrounding rock; A grouting groove (4) is provided on the side of the abutment frame (21) facing the surrounding rock, and a grouting hole (5) communicating with the grouting groove (4) is provided on the abutment frame (21).

2. The steel arch support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abutment frame (21) comprises two side plates arranged opposite to each other, the two side plates are respectively located on both sides of the main support (1), and the side plates are slidably connected to the main support (1), the two side plates serve as side walls of the grouting groove (4), and the outer side wall of the main support (1) serves as the bottom wall of the grouting groove (4).

3. The steel arch support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The main support (1) comprises an upper wing plate (11), a lower wing plate (12) and a web plate (13); a through slot is formed on the web plate (13), a connecting rod (23) is passed through the through slot, and two ends of the connecting rod (23) are respectively connected to two side plates; the top rod (31) passes through the lower wing plate (12) and is screwed to the lower wing plate (12), and an end of the top rod (31) is rotatably connected to the connecting rod (23).

4. The steel arch support structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Two webs (13) are provided, the two webs (13) are parallel and spaced apart, a driving block (22) is provided between the two webs (13), and the connecting rod (23) is passed through the driving block (22) and is rotatably connected to the driving block (22); The end of the push rod (31) is rotatably connected to the driving block (22).

5. The steel arch support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side plate comprises a main body portion (211), a transition portion (212) and a guide portion (213); the main body portion (211) and the guide portion (213) are arranged opposite to each other; the transition portion (212) is located between the main body portion (211) and the guide portion (213); the main body portion (211) is connected to the guide portion (213) via the transition portion (212); the guide portion (213) abuts against the web (13); and the main body portion (211) abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate (11); The connecting rod (23) is passed through the main body portion (211) and the guide portion (213); the main body portion (211) and the guide portion (213) are both connected to the connecting rod (23).

6. The steel arch support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main support (1) comprises an upper support and a lower support, the upper support comprising a plurality of first support rods (14) hinged to each other end to end; the lower support comprising two second support rods (15), the two second support rods (15) being respectively located at two ends of the upper support and hinged to the first support rods (14).

7. The steel arch support structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main support (1) further comprises a bottom support (16), wherein the bottom support (16) is arranged between the two second support rods (15), and the two ends of the bottom support (16) are respectively hinged to the two second support rods (15), and the length of the bottom support (16) is adjustable.

8. The steel arch support structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first connecting block (161) is provided at the end of the bottom support (16), a second connecting block (17) is provided on the second support rod (15), a connecting groove is provided on the end surface of the second connecting block (17) in the horizontal direction, the inner wall of the connecting groove is an inclined surface, and the end of the first connecting block (161) cooperates with the wedge-shaped groove.

9. A temporary support construction method for a water diversion tunnel, characterized in that: The steel arch support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and comprises the following steps: The steel arch frame is erected, and the side supports (2) are adjusted so that the side supports (2) are in close contact with the surrounding rock; and quick-setting concrete is injected into the grouting groove (4).

10. The temporary support construction method for a water diversion tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before the steel arch frame is erected, holes are drilled at the erection position of the steel arch frame; anchor rods are constructed in the holes; steel meshes are tied to the anchor rods; and when the steel arch frame is erected, the steel meshes are placed in the grouting groove (4).

Images