Steel arch support structure and diversion tunnel temporary support construction method

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, particularly to a steel arch support structure and a temporary support construction method for water diversion tunnels, including a main support, side braces, and adjustment components. The main support is semi-circular in shape, and the side braces include abutment frames. The adjustment components push the abutment frames against the surrounding rock surface via push rods. The abutment frames are designed with grouting grooves and grouting holes. During construction, quick-setting concrete can be injected into the grouting grooves to fill the gaps, further enhancing the overall stability and reliability of the support structure. Furthermore, the main support is composed of multiple hinged connecting rods, exhibiting good adaptability and stability, while optimizing the installation and adjustment methods. This structure is rationally designed, easy to operate, significantly improves adaptability to complex geological conditions, enhances support strength, and reduces construction difficulty. This application achieves the goals of improving the construction efficiency of water diversion tunnels, ensuring construction safety, and improving the overall support effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and in particular to steel arch support structures and temporary support construction methods for water diversion tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] A water diversion tunnel is a specialized hydraulic engineering structure primarily used to transport water resources from a water source to a designated location. For example, it draws water from reservoirs or rivers and introduces it downstream through enclosed underground passages. Water diversion tunnels are widely used in hydraulic engineering, playing a crucial role, particularly in inter-basin water transfer, power plant water supply systems, and agricultural irrigation.

[0003] Currently, during the excavation of water diversion tunnels, initial support is required to control short-term deformation of the surrounding rock and prevent collapse, thus providing a safety guarantee for subsequent construction. Steel arch frames are used as a crucial structure in the initial support of the tunnel portal. Steel arch frame support is a commonly used support method in tunnel construction, especially in weak surrounding rock or complex geological conditions, effectively controlling rock deformation and ensuring construction safety.

[0004] However, since steel arch frames are usually prefabricated, their support effect is affected by the flatness of the surrounding rock surface. If the flatness of some parts of the surrounding rock surface is not good, there will be gaps between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock, which will cause the surrounding rock pressure to be unevenly transmitted to the steel arch frame, resulting in an unsatisfactory support effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a steel arch support structure and a temporary support construction method for water diversion tunnels, which can effectively improve the fit between the steel arch and the surrounding rock, thereby ensuring the support effect, and has the advantages of efficient and convenient installation.

[0006] In the first aspect, this application provides a steel arch support structure, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A steel arch support structure includes a main support, side braces, and adjustment components; the main support is arranged in a semi-circular shape, and multiple sets of side braces and adjustment components are provided and distributed around the periphery of the main support.

[0008] The side support includes an abutment frame, and the adjustment assembly includes a top rod screwed to the main support. The end of the top rod is connected to the abutment frame and is used to push the abutment frame to move radially along the main support. The abutment frame is used to abut against the surface of the surrounding rock.

[0009] The abutment frame is provided with a grouting groove on the side facing the surrounding rock, and the abutment frame is provided with grouting holes that communicate with the grouting groove.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a high degree of fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock is achieved, effectively solving the problem of uneven pressure transmission caused by the unevenness of the surrounding rock surface. This structure uses adjusting rods in the components to push the abutment frame radially along the main support, allowing the abutment frame to closely fit surrounding rock surfaces of different shapes, thus improving the overall stability of the support. Simultaneously, the grouting groove design allows for the injection of quick-setting concrete between the abutment frame and the surrounding rock, further filling any possible micro-gaps, enhancing the support strength and sealing, thereby ensuring a good support effect.

[0011] Preferably, the abutment frame includes two opposing side plates, which are located on both sides of the main support and are slidably connected to the main support. The two side plates serve as the side walls of the grouting groove, and the outer side wall of the main support serves as the bottom wall of the grouting groove.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the support frame consists of two side plates that are slidably connected to the main support, which can adapt to different shapes of surrounding rock surfaces and improve the fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock. At the same time, the side plates serve as the side walls of the grouting groove, and the outer side wall of the main support serves as the bottom wall of the grouting groove, forming a stable grouting space. This facilitates the injection of quick-setting concrete to fill the gaps, further enhancing the integrity and stability of the support structure.

[0013] Preferably, the main support includes an upper wing plate, a lower wing plate, and a web plate, with an installation groove formed between the upper wing plate, the web plate, and the lower wing plate. Two installation grooves are provided and are located on both sides of the main support. A through groove is provided on the web plate, and a connecting rod passes through the through groove. The two ends of the connecting rod are connected to the two side plates respectively. A top rod passes through the lower wing plate and is screwed to the lower wing plate. The end of the top rod is rotatably connected to the connecting rod.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the mounting grooves between the upper flange, lower flange, and web provide a stable installation space for the connecting rod, while the through grooves on the web allow the connecting rod to pass through flexibly, thus connecting the side plates on both sides. The design of the top rod being screwed to the lower flange further enables precise control of the side brace position. When the top rod is rotated, it pushes the connecting rod, causing the side plate to move radially along the main support, thereby enabling the abutment frame to closely fit the surrounding rock surface with different shapes and flatness. This structure not only increases the contact area between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock, but also enhances the overall stability of the support, significantly improving the uneven pressure transmission phenomenon caused by gaps in traditional steel arch frames.

[0015] Preferably, there are two webs, which are parallel and spaced apart. A driving block is provided between the two webs. The connecting rod passes through the driving block and is rotatably connected to the driving block. The end of the top rod is rotatably connected to the driving block.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when the top rod pushes the connecting rod to move, the drive block can stably transmit power between two parallel and spaced webs, thereby ensuring that the connecting rod drives the abutment frame to move smoothly along the radial direction of the main support. This design not only improves the stability of the contact between the abutment frame and the surrounding rock surface, but also enhances the adaptability of the entire steel arch support structure under complex geological conditions, further improving the support effect.

[0017] Preferably, the side plate includes a main body, a transition portion, and a guide portion. The main body and the guide portion are disposed opposite to each other. The transition portion is located between the main body and the guide portion. The main body is connected to the guide portion through the transition portion. The guide portion abuts against the web plate. The main body abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate.

[0018] The connecting rod passes through the main body and the guide body, and both the main body and the guide body are connected to the connecting rod.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a stable connection between the side plate and the connecting rod is achieved. Furthermore, the design of the main body, transition section, and guide section enhances the structural strength and adaptability of the side plate. The main body abuts against the edge of the upper flange, ensuring uniform stress distribution and improving the overall structural stability. The guide section abuts against the web plate, further improving the positioning accuracy and reliability of the side plate during operation. This design enables the steel arch support structure to maintain good support performance under complex geological conditions, effectively reducing the impact of surrounding rock pressure on the structure, thereby improving construction safety and efficiency.

[0020] Preferably, the main support includes an upper support and a lower support. The upper support includes a plurality of first support rods that are hinged to each other end to end. The lower support includes two second support rods, which are located at both ends of the upper support and are hinged to the first support rods.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the main support consists of an upper support and a lower support. The upper support forms a flexible structure through multiple first support rods that are hinged end to end, which can adapt to tunnel contours of different shapes. The two second support rods of the lower support are located at both ends of the upper support and are hinged to the first support rods. This design gives the entire steel arch support structure good adjustability and stability, and allows for rapid assembly and posture adjustment under complex geological conditions, improving construction efficiency while ensuring support effectiveness.

[0022] Preferably, the bottom support end is provided with a first connecting block, the second support rod is provided with a second connecting block, the end face of the second connecting block in the horizontal direction is provided with a connecting groove, the inner wall of the connecting groove is inclined, and the end of the first connecting block cooperates with the wedge groove.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the bottom bracing enhances the overall stability of the steel arch frame, especially by providing additional support in the bottom area. The hinged design between the bottom bracing and the two second support rods allows for angle adjustments based on actual terrain conditions, adapting to different shapes and conditions of surrounding rock surfaces and improving applicability. Furthermore, the adjustable length of the bottom bracing further enhances installation flexibility, enabling precise installation of the steel arch frame in various complex environments, thereby more effectively dispersing surrounding rock pressure and improving the overall support effect.

[0024] Preferably, the main support further includes a bottom support, which is disposed between two second support rods, and both ends of the bottom support are respectively hinged to the two second support rods, and the length of the bottom support is adjustable.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the connection between the base brace and the second support rod is more stable and facilitates rapid assembly. Specifically, the first connecting block cooperates with the connecting groove with the inclined inner wall, allowing the base brace to automatically align and lock during insertion, improving installation efficiency. This enhances structural stability and ensures reliable support under complex geological conditions.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a method for temporary support construction of a water diversion tunnel, which adopts the steel arch support structure described above and includes the following steps:

[0027] The steel arch frame is erected, and the side supports are adjusted to ensure close contact with the surrounding rock; quick-setting concrete is injected into the grouting trench.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, the design of the main support, side braces, and adjustment components allows the steel arch frame to be pushed radially along the main support by the top rod, thereby ensuring that the abutment frame fits tightly against the surrounding rock surface and solving the problem of uneven pressure transmission caused by the unevenness of the surrounding rock surface. Furthermore, the presence of grouting grooves and grouting holes further enhances the stability between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock, and the injection of quick-setting concrete to fill the gaps improves the overall structure's load-bearing capacity.

[0029] Preferably, before erecting the steel arch frame, holes are drilled at the erection location of the steel arch frame; anchor rods are installed in the holes; steel mesh is tied to the anchor rods; and when erecting the steel arch frame, the steel mesh is placed in the grouting groove.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, when the reinforcing mesh is placed in the grouting trench, the injected quick-setting concrete can tightly bond with the reinforcing mesh to form a stable whole, thereby significantly improving the fit and load-bearing capacity between the steel arch and the surrounding rock. This improvement not only enhances the support effect but also strengthens construction safety.

[0031] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. By setting adjustable side supports and top rods, the position of the abutment frame can be flexibly adjusted to make it fit tightly against the surrounding rock surface, which significantly improves the fit between the steel arch frame and the surrounding rock and solves the problem of uneven pressure transmission caused by the unevenness of the surrounding rock surface;

[0033] 2. The support frame is designed with grouting grooves and grouting holes. During construction, quick-setting concrete can be injected to fill any small gaps that may exist, further enhancing the overall stability and reliability of the support structure.

[0034] 3. The sliding connection between the side braces and the main support, combined with the design of multiple sets of adjustment components, makes the entire steel arch frame highly adaptable and suitable for water diversion tunnel construction sites under various complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the steel arch support structure in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the main support in the embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the steel arch support structure in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram used to illustrate the base support structure and the relationship between the base support and the main support.

[0040] The following are labels in the attached diagram: 1. Main support; 11. Upper wing plate; 12. Lower wing plate; 13. Web plate; 14. First support rod; 15. Second support rod; 16. Bottom support; 161. First connecting block; 162. Screw; 163. Sleeve; 17. Second connecting block; 2. Side support; 21. Abutment frame; 211. Main body; 212. Transition part; 213. Guide part; 22. Drive block; 23. Connecting rod; 3. Adjustment assembly; 31. Top rod; 4. Grouting groove; 5. Grouting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0042] This application provides a steel arch support structure, referring to... Figure 1The steel arch support structure includes a main support 1, side supports 2, and adjusting components 3. The main support 1 is semi-circular, adapted to the shape of the tunnel. For example, the cross-sectional shape of a water diversion tunnel typically includes circular, archway, horseshoe, and high arch shapes, and the specific shape of the main support 1 corresponds to the tunnel's cross-sectional shape. Multiple side supports 2 are arranged around the main support 1, and multiple adjusting components 3 are also arranged, each corresponding to one of the side supports 2. The side supports 2 are composed of abutment frames 21. The adjusting components 3 include a top rod 31 screwed to the main support 1. The end of the top rod 31 is connected to the abutment frame 21 and can push it to move radially along the main support 1. The abutment frame 21 is used to closely adhere to the surrounding rock surface. The side of the abutment frame 21 facing the surrounding rock is designed with a grouting groove 4 and equipped with grouting holes 5 communicating with the grouting groove 4. This allows for further reinforcement of the support effect through grouting after the abutment frame 21 is close to the surrounding rock.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main support 1 includes an upper support and a lower support. The upper support includes multiple first support rods 14 that are hinged to each other end to end. The lower support includes two second support rods 15, which are located at both ends of the upper support and are hinged to the first support rods 14.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, both the first support rod 14 and the second support rod 15 are made of structural steel, preferably I-beams, including an upper flange 11, a lower flange 12, and a web 13, possessing high load-bearing capacity. Two first support rods 14 are provided, with hinged ends. All hinge points are located inside the main support 1. Therefore, the first support rods 14 and 15 can be folded inwards towards the main support 1, thus folding the main support 1. Correspondingly, the first support rods 14 and 15 can also be unfolded, allowing the main support 1 to unfold into a shape corresponding to the tunnel cross-section. Therefore, when erecting the steel arch frame, the steel arch frame can be folded and placed at the erection position, then unfolded and brought into contact with the surrounding rock.

[0045] A pad is also added at the hinge, and the first support rod 14 and the first support rod 14 and the second support rod 15 are abutted by the pad, thereby improving the stability of the connection.

[0046] Reference Figure 5 To enhance overall stability, the main support 1 also includes a bottom support 16. The bottom support 16 is located between the two second support rods 15, and both ends of the bottom support 16 are hinged to the two second support rods 15 respectively. The length of the bottom support 16 is adjustable. Specifically, the bottom support 16 can adopt a structure combining a screw 162 and a sleeve 163, that is, the screw 162 and the sleeve 163 are screwed together, and the length can be adjusted by rotating the screw 162 and the sleeve 163 relative to each other.

[0047] Furthermore, a first connecting block 161 is provided at the end of the bottom support 16, and a second connecting block 17 is provided on the second support rod 15. The horizontal end face of the second connecting block 17 has a connecting groove with an inclined inner wall. The end of the first connecting block 161 mates with the connecting groove. This structural form facilitates the rapid connection between the bottom support 16 and the main support 1, improves construction efficiency, and ensures the stability of the entire support structure.

[0048] Furthermore, in order to enable the side braces 2 to fold or unfold along with the main support 1, multiple side braces 2 can be respectively mounted on different first support rods 14 and second support rods 15.

[0049] The abutment frame 21 consists of two oppositely arranged side plates, which can be made of steel plates to ensure sufficient strength and good corrosion resistance.

[0050] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 Two side plates are located on both sides of the main support 1 and are slidably connected to the main support 1. Specifically, each side plate includes a main body portion 211, a transition portion 212, and a guide portion 213. The main body portion 211 and the guide portion 213 are arranged opposite to each other, the transition portion 212 is located between the main body portion 211 and the guide portion 213, and the main body portion 211 is connected to the guide portion 213 through the transition portion 212. In this application, the main body portion 211, the transition portion 212, and the guide portion 213 can be formed by bending a single piece of steel plate to ensure the integrity and durability of the side plate. The guide portion 213 abuts against the web plate 13, and the main body portion 211 abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate 11.

[0051] The abutment frame 21 also includes a connecting rod 23 and a drive block 22. The connecting rod 23 is arranged perpendicularly to the web plate 13. A through groove is opened on the web plate 13 along its own width direction. The connecting rod 23 passes through the through groove. The two ends of the connecting rod 23 are respectively connected to the two side plates. The connecting rod 23 passes through the main body part 211 and the guide part 213. A nut is screwed on the connecting rod 23 to fix the main body part 211 and the guide part 213.

[0052] The drive block 22 is disposed on the web plate 13. Specifically, in this embodiment, there are two web plates 13 arranged in parallel. The drive block 22 is disposed between the two web plates 13, and the two web plates 13 abut against the sidewalls of the drive block 22, thereby allowing the drive block 22 to slide between the two web plates 13. The connecting rod 23 passes through the drive block 22 and is rotatably connected to the drive block 22.

[0053] The adjustment assembly 3 includes a push rod 31 that passes through the lower wing plate 12, and one end of the push rod 31 is rotatably connected to the drive block 22. The push rod 31 is also threadedly connected to the lower wing plate 12. Therefore, the position of the side plate can be adjusted by turning the push rod 31.

[0054] Furthermore, in order to improve the stability of the side plate, two pairs of connecting blocks and connecting rods 23 are provided, and they are respectively located at both ends of the side plate in the length direction. Similarly, two top rods 31 are provided. Therefore, by flexibly adjusting the position of the two ends of the side plate, the side plate can be made to fit tightly against the surrounding rock.

[0055] To facilitate the adjustment of the side plates, a certain gap should be left between two adjacent sets of side supports 2. This gap should be sealed during subsequent grouting to prevent grout leakage.

[0056] Furthermore, the two side plates and the upper flange 11 form a grouting groove 4, with the two side plates serving as the side walls of the grouting groove 4 and the outer surface of the upper flange 11 serving as the bottom wall of the grouting groove 4. Grouting holes 5 are provided on the side plates, which are connected to the interior of the grouting groove 4. After the steel arch frame is erected, grout needs to be injected into the grouting groove 4 through the grouting holes 5 to adjust the grouting groove 4, thereby filling the gap between the surrounding rock and the main support 1 and further improving the supporting effect of the steel arch frame on the surrounding rock.

[0057] This application also discloses a method for temporary support construction of a water diversion tunnel, mainly including the following steps:

[0058] The first step is to drill holes at the designated location before erecting the steel arch frame. Then, anchor rods are installed in the holes and steel mesh is tied to the anchor rods. The steel mesh and anchor rods serve as foundation reinforcement measures. Finally, the steel arch frame is erected, and the steel mesh is accurately placed inside the grouting trench 4.

[0059] The second step is to adjust the side support 2 to be as close as possible to the contour of the surrounding rock until the side plate is in close contact with the surface of the surrounding rock. Then, quick-setting concrete is injected into the grouting tank 4. The initial setting time of quick-setting concrete is generally 1 to 5 minutes, and the final setting time is 5 to 12 minutes.

[0060] In addition, before grouting, pads and cloths can be laid on the inner wall of the grouting trench 4 to isolate the concrete from the side plate, so as to facilitate the separation of the steel arch frame from the concrete structure during subsequent dismantling.

[0061] Once the quick-setting concrete has fully set, the steel arch support structure can be installed. Additional construction steps, such as shotcreting, may be performed as needed to complete the temporary support construction of the water diversion tunnel.

[0062] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel arch support structure, characterized in that: It includes a main support (1), side supports (2) and adjustment components (3); the main support (1) is arranged in a semi-circular shape, and the side supports (2) and adjustment components (3) are provided in multiple sets and distributed around the periphery of the main support (1); The side support (2) includes an abutment frame (21), and the adjustment assembly (3) includes a top rod (31) screwed to the main support (1). The end of the top rod (31) is connected to the abutment frame (21) and is used to push the abutment frame (21) to move radially along the main support (1). The abutment frame (21) is used to abut against the surface of the surrounding rock. The abutment frame (21) is provided with a grouting groove (4) on the side facing the surrounding rock, and the abutment frame (21) is provided with a grouting hole (5) communicating with the grouting groove (4). The abutment frame (21) includes two opposing side plates, which are located on both sides of the main support (1) and are slidably connected to the main support (1). The two side plates serve as the side walls of the grouting groove (4), and the outer side wall of the main support (1) serves as the bottom wall of the grouting groove (4). The main support (1) includes an upper wing plate (11), a lower wing plate (12), and a web plate (13); a through groove is provided on the web plate (13), and a connecting rod (23) is inserted through the through groove. The two ends of the connecting rod (23) are respectively connected to two side plates; the top rod (31) passes through the lower wing plate (12) and is screwed to the lower wing plate (12), and the end of the top rod (31) is rotatably connected to the connecting rod (23); The side plate includes a main body (211), a connecting part (212), and a guide part (213). The main body (211) and the guide part (213) are arranged opposite to each other. The connecting part (212) is located between the main body (211) and the guide part (213). The main body (211) is connected to the guide part (213) through the connecting part (212). The guide part (213) abuts against the web (13). The main body (211) abuts against the edge of the upper wing plate (11). The connecting rod (23) passes through the main body (211) and the guide part (213), and both the main body (211) and the guide part (213) are connected to the connecting rod (23).

2. The steel arch support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two web plates (13) are provided, the two web plates (13) are parallel and spaced apart, a driving block (22) is provided between the two web plates (13), and the connecting rod (23) passes through the driving block (22) and is rotatably connected to the driving block (22); The end of the top rod (31) is rotatably connected to the drive block (22).

3. The steel arch support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main support (1) includes an upper support and a lower support. The upper support includes a plurality of first support rods (14) that are hinged to each other end to end. The lower support includes two second support rods (15), which are located at the two ends of the upper support and are hinged to the first support rods (14).

4. The steel arch support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main support (1) also includes a bottom support (16), which is located between two second support rods (15), and the two ends of the bottom support (16) are respectively hinged to the two second support rods (15). The length of the bottom support (16) is adjustable.

5. The steel arch support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom support (16) is provided with a first connecting block (161) at its end, and the second support rod (15) is provided with a second connecting block (17). The end face of the second connecting block (17) in the horizontal direction is provided with a connecting groove, and the inner wall of the connecting groove is inclined. The end of the first connecting block (161) is engaged with the connecting groove.

6. A method for constructing temporary support for a water diversion tunnel, characterized in that, The steel arch support structure described in any one of claims 1-5 is adopted, and includes the following steps: The steel arch frame is erected, and the side bracing (2) is adjusted to make it closely contact the surrounding rock; quick-setting concrete is injected into the grouting groove (4).

7. The temporary support construction method for water diversion tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before erecting the steel arch frame, drill holes at the erection location of the steel arch frame; install anchor rods in the holes; tie steel mesh on the anchor rods; when erecting the steel arch frame, place the steel mesh in the grouting groove (4).

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