Tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and particularly relates to a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser technology, which comprises a laser transceiver, a laser reflector, a laser reflecting plate, a fixed frame and an incident angle stabilizer, the laser transceiver is used for emitting laser and receiving light rays after diffuse reflection of the emitted laser; the laser reflector performs mirror reflection or diffuse reflection on the laser emitted by the laser transceiver; the laser reflecting plate is used for carrying out diffuse reflection on the laser reflected by the mirror surface of the laser reflector; the incident angle stabilizer is used for stabilizing the included angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver and the horizontal plane, the levelness of the laser reflector and the included angle between the laser reflecting plate and the horizontal plane; according to the device, the included angle is stabilized through the incident angle stabilizer, so that a laser path has a stable route when the device is used for monitoring, and the accuracy of measured data is ensured by avoiding deviation of the laser path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and in particular to a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. Background Art

[0002] The main purpose of tunnel monitoring is to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel and extend its service life. Through continuous monitoring of the internal and external environment of the tunnel, safety hazards and structural problems can be discovered, so that corresponding maintenance and repair measures can be taken in time. Tunnel deformation monitoring is a type of tunnel monitoring, which mainly includes horizontal displacement monitoring and vertical displacement monitoring, which is used to analyze the lateral and longitudinal deformation of the tunnel.

[0003] Tunnel deformation monitoring will set up 5 to 7 monitoring points in a monitoring section, which are used to monitor the vault, side wall, bottom and other parts of the tunnel respectively. During monitoring, laser will be used to measure the distance between two monitoring points, and the displacement distance of the monitoring points will be analyzed by the change of distance. Since both monitoring points may be displaced ( Figure 1 (middle right), in order to make an accurate judgment, at least one set of levels is required to monitor the settlement of the benchmark monitoring points; for 5 to 7 monitoring points, 3 to 4 benchmark monitoring points need to be set up. The settlement measurement of the benchmark monitoring points requires the deployment of a corresponding number of levels, or the manual measurement of the settlement of multiple sets of benchmark monitoring points, which will increase the cost of the benchmark monitoring point settlement measurement; and when using laser measurement, tunnel deformation will cause the laser transmitter to tilt ( Figure 1 In this case, the laser path becomes tilted and longer, and the measurement data will also deviate, resulting in inaccurate measurement data.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a tunnel deformation monitoring device that reduces the number of benchmark monitoring points and does not tilt the laser path. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology that the existing tunnel deformation monitoring device requires a large number of reference monitoring points and the laser path is inclined.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, comprising: A laser transceiver, used for emitting laser light and receiving light after diffuse reflection of the emitted laser light; A laser reflector, used for specularly reflecting or diffusely reflecting the laser emitted by the laser transceiver; A laser reflection plate, used for diffusely reflecting the laser reflected by the laser reflector; There are at least three fixing frames, which are fixed at different monitoring points of the same monitoring section of the tunnel respectively; and the total number of laser transceivers, laser reflectors and laser reflector plates is the same as the number of fixing frames; a stabilizing groove is provided on the inner side of the fixing frame, and the laser transceivers, laser reflectors and laser reflector plates are respectively located in the stabilizing grooves of different fixing frames; The incident angle stabilizer corresponds to the fixing frame one by one and is installed on the inner side of the stabilizing groove; the incident angle stabilizer is used to stabilize the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver and the horizontal plane, the horizontality of the laser reflector, and the angle between the laser reflector plate and the horizontal plane.

[0007] Preferably, the laser reflector comprises: A fixed shell, which is mounted on the incident angle stabilizer and has a mirror groove on a side away from the incident angle stabilizer; An electrically controlled dimming mirror is installed inside the mirror groove and on a side away from the top wall of the mirror groove; A reflector, which is installed on the inner side of the mirror groove and is used to diffusely reflect the laser passing through the electrically controlled dimming mirror; A lens controller is mounted on the outside of the fixed housing and is electrically connected to the electric-controlled dimming mirror; After the lens controller is connected to the power of the electric-controlled dimming mirror, the electric-controlled dimming mirror performs mirror reflection on the laser; after the lens controller is disconnected from the power of the electric-controlled dimming mirror, the laser can penetrate the electric-controlled dimming mirror.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the fixing frames is three, five or seven; wherein the number of the laser reflectors is one and is located on the lower side of the tunnel vault; the number of the laser transceivers and the laser reflector plates is the same, and the same group of laser transceivers and laser reflector plates are symmetrical about the laser reflectors.

[0009] Preferably, an angle adjuster is installed on the upper side of the incident angle stabilizer, and the laser transceiver, the laser reflector and the laser reflective plate are all connected to the incident angle stabilizer via the angle adjuster.

[0010] Preferably, the incident angle stabilizer comprises: A base plate, the upper side of which is provided with a pressing groove, and the lower wall of the pressing groove is penetrated by a cylindrical hole; A pressing plate, one end of which is hinged to the base plate, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the base plate by bolts; A transfer column, the upper end of which passes through the cylindrical hole; a flange plate is arranged on the outer side of the transfer column, and a pressure plate and a base plate are clamped on the upper and lower sides of the flange plate; a bottom plate mounted on an upper side of the base plate; A top plate, the lower end of which is hinged to the bottom plate; A base, which is hinged to the upper end of the bottom plate; A positioning seat, the outer end of which is hinged with a No. 1 connecting rod and a No. 2 connecting rod, and the other end of the No. 1 connecting rod is hinged with the bottom plate, and the other end of the No. 2 connecting rod is hinged with the top plate; a threaded hole is formed through the positioning seat; A threaded rod penetrates the positioning seat and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole; the optical axis end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the base.

[0011] Preferably, the fixing frame comprises: A protection box, wherein the stabilizing groove is provided on one side of the protection box; A support leg mounted on the outside of the protective box; The protective cover is detachably connected to the outside of the protective box and is located on the side where the stable groove is opened.

[0012] Preferably, the incident angle stabilizer comprises: A rectangular frame, with lateral adjustment shafts disposed on both the front and rear sides; The weighted ball has a strip plate on its upper side; the upper end of the strip plate passes through the rectangular frame, and the left and right sides of the strip plate are both provided with longitudinal adjustment shafts rotatably connected to the rectangular frame; A seat plate mounted on the upper side of the strip plate; The lower side of the pointing plate is movably connected with the seat plate through a rotating shaft; a pointing groove is provided on the outer side of the pointing plate, and a magnet is installed on the inner side of the pointing groove.

[0013] Preferably, the incident angle stabilizer further includes adapter plates, and the number of the adapter plates is two groups; the two groups of adapter plates are respectively located at the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame, and the lateral adjustment shaft is connected to the adapter plates through a bearing.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) This device concentrates the reference positions of multiple groups of monitoring points on a group of laser reflectors (reference monitoring points), and then measures the laser path length by selecting mirror reflection or diffuse reflection of the laser through the laser reflector; then the displacement distance of the laser transceiver and the laser reflector is calculated through the laser path length and the settlement size of the laser reflector measured by the level, so that when the device performs displacement monitoring on multiple groups of monitoring points, only one reference monitoring point is needed, and no additional laser transceiver is needed; this device not only reduces the level measurement data, but also reduces the cost of settlement measurement.

[0015] 2) This device uses an incident angle stabilizer to stabilize the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver and the horizontal plane, the horizontality of the laser reflector, and the angle between the laser reflector and the horizontal plane, so that the laser path of this device has a stable route during monitoring, and avoids laser path deviation ( Figure 1 The accuracy of the measurement data is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of laser ranging in existing tunnel deformation monitoring; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the laser transceiver, laser reflection plate, and laser reflector of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing frame of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixing frame of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the incident angle stabilizer of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the angle adjuster of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the substrate and the pressing plate of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the front view of the laser reflector of the present invention; Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the optical path in the laser transceiver of the present invention; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the light splitting of the laser transmitter of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the laser reflector mirror reflecting laser light of the present invention; Fig.12 For the present invention Fig.11 Schematic diagram of auxiliary laser length calculation.

[0017] In the figure: 10 laser transceiver, 20 laser reflection plate, 30 laser reflector, 50 incident angle stabilizer, 60 angle adjuster; 11 laser generator, 12 light-transmitting plate, 13 reflector; 31 fixed shell, 32 reflector, 33 electric dimming mirror, 34 lens controller; 41 protective box, 42 protective cover, 43 supporting foot; 51 weighted ball, 52 rectangular frame, 53 adapter plate, 54 seat plate, 55 pointing plate, 56 magnet, 57 square column; 61 adapter column, 62 base plate, 63 pressure plate, 64 bottom plate, 65 top plate, 66 base, 67 positioning seat, 68 threaded rod, 611 flange plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 2-Figure 11 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, including: a laser transceiver 10, a laser reflection plate 20, a laser reflector 30, a fixing frame and an incident angle stabilizer 50.

[0021] The laser transceiver 10 is mainly composed of a laser transmitter and a laser receiver. The laser transmitter uses a solid laser such as ruby, neodymium glass, or a gallium arsenide semiconductor laser to emit laser light; the laser receiver uses a high-sensitivity photodiode or an avalanche photodiode to receive the laser signal diffusely reflected by the laser reflector 20 or the laser reflector 30. The optical components in the laser transceiver 10, such as lenses, beam shapers, objective lenses, and filters, all use existing technologies and are not described in detail here.

[0022] The laser reflector 30 includes a mirror reflection plate and a diffuse reflection plate. The laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 is directed toward the laser reflector 30. When the laser is irradiated onto the mirror reflection plate, the mirror reflection plate performs mirror reflection on the laser and reflects the laser onto the laser reflection plate 20. When the laser is irradiated onto the diffuse reflection plate, the laser receiver receives the reflected laser signal through diffuse reflection. The mirror reflection plate can be set as a sliding structure, and then the mirror reflection plate is pushed to slide by a push rod (not shown in the figure). Under normal circumstances, the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 can only be irradiated onto the mirror reflection plate. When the push rod pushes the mirror reflection plate away, the laser will be irradiated onto the diffuse reflection plate.

[0023] The laser reflection plate 20 is also a plate for diffusely reflecting light. After the laser is reflected by the mirror of the mirror reflection plate, it will irradiate the laser reflection plate 20 . The laser is diffusely reflected on the laser reflection plate 20 and then received by the laser receiver of the laser transceiver 10 .

[0024] When there is a reserved threaded steel hook in the tunnel, the fixing frame can be fixed to the threaded steel hook; when there is no reserved threaded steel hook in the tunnel, expansion bolts can be added to the tunnel, and then the fixing frame can be fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel through the expansion bolts. The number of fixing frames is 2n+1 (n is a positive integer). When the fixing frames are arranged, several fixing frames are respectively fixed at different monitoring points of the same monitoring section of the tunnel, and there is only one fixing frame at one monitoring point. The total number of laser transceivers 10, laser reflectors 30 and laser reflector plates 20 is the same as the number of fixing frames, and each fixing frame corresponds to a laser transceiver 10, laser reflector 30 or laser reflector plate 20; a stabilizing groove is opened on the inner side of the fixing frame, and the laser transceiver 10, laser reflector 30 and laser reflector plate 20 are respectively installed in the stabilizing groove of the corresponding fixing frame.

[0025] The incident angle stabilizer 50 is also installed in the stabilizing groove of the fixing frame, and it corresponds to the fixing frame one by one. An incident angle stabilizer 50 is arranged in the stabilizing groove of each fixing frame. The incident angle stabilizer 50 corresponding to the laser transceiver 10 is used to adjust the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 and the horizontal plane, so that the angle between the laser emitted by the laser reflector 30 and the horizontal plane remains constant. The incident angle stabilizer 50 corresponding to the laser reflector 30 is used to adjust the horizontality of the laser reflector 30, so that the laser reflector 30 remains horizontal. The incident angle stabilizer 50 corresponding to the laser reflector plate 20 is used to adjust the angle between the laser reflector plate 20 and the horizontal plane, so that the angle between the laser reflector plate 20 and the horizontal plane remains constant. Here, a gyroscope can be used to monitor the deflection angles of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector plate 20 and the laser reflector 30, and then a servo motor can be used to drive the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector plate 20 and the laser reflector 30 to rotate at corresponding angles for correction (not shown in the figure), so that the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 and the horizontal plane remains constant, the horizontality of the laser reflector 30 remains constant, and the angle between the laser reflector plate 20 and the horizontal plane remains constant.

[0026] See also Fig.10 , the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 and the horizontal plane remains constant, and the horizontality of the laser reflector 30 remains constant, so that the incident angle of the laser relative to the laser reflector 30 remains constant, thereby facilitating the calculation of the vertical distance or horizontal distance between the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 30. During measurement, first pull open the mirror reflection plate of the laser reflector 30, then let the laser of the laser transmitter irradiate the diffuse reflection plate, and then the laser receiver monitors the laser signal reflected back by the diffuse reflection plate, and the length of the laser is obtained as L1; L1=Lr+Ls; Lr represents the laser path length from the laser transmitter to the diffuse reflection plate; Ls represents the laser path length from the laser receiver to the diffuse reflection plate; The distance D between the laser emitting point and the laser receiving point is a constant, and the angle θ between the line connecting the laser emitting point and the laser receiving point and the emitted laser is also a constant. Through trigonometric functions, we can get: L 2 s=L 2 r+D 2 -2Lr×D×cosθ; Substitute Ls=L1-Lr into L 2 s=L 2 r+D 2 -2Lr×D×cosθ, the specific value of Lr can be obtained, Lr=(L 2 1-D 2 ) / (L1-D×cosθ); The distance H between the mirror reflector and the diffuse reflector, and the angle β between the laser and the diffuse reflector are both constants, so the laser path length La from the laser transmitter to the mirror reflector is Lr-H / sinβ; the vertical distance La×sinβ between the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 30 and the horizontal distance La×cosβ between the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 30 are calculated through trigonometric functions. The vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the laser transceiver 10 can be determined by determining the sinking displacement of the laser reflector 30 through a set of external levels, wherein the lateral movement of the laser reflector 30 does not affect the detection result. When the laser transceiver 10 is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, the vertical displacement needs to be measured to determine the settlement of the monitoring point; when the laser transceiver 10 is arranged on the side wall of the tunnel, the horizontal displacement needs to be measured to determine the indentation distance of the side wall.

[0027] See also Fig.11 , Fig.12 , the angle between the laser reflector plate 20 and the horizontal plane remains constant, so that the distance between the laser reflector plate 20 and the laser reflector 30 will not deviate due to rotation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring results. During measurement, first close the mirror reflector plate of the laser reflector 30, then let the laser of the laser transmitter irradiate the mirror reflector plate, then the mirror reflector plate reflects the laser, and the laser irradiates the laser reflector plate 20. The laser receiver monitors the laser signal reflected back from the laser reflector plate 20, and the length of the laser is obtained as L2: L2=La+Lb+Lc; La represents the laser path length from the laser transmitter to the mirror reflector; Lb represents the laser path length from the mirror reflection plate to the laser reflection plate 20; Lc represents the laser path length from the laser reflection plate 20 to the laser receiver; Let the length of the line connecting the laser receiving point and the reflection point on the mirror reflector be Ld. Through trigonometric functions, we can get: L2 d=L 2 a+D 2 -2La×D×cosθ; Then, using trigonometric functions, calculate the angle γ between the line where Ld is and the laser where La is located. 2； γ2=arccos[(L 2 a+L 2 d-D 2 ) / (2La×Ld)]; The angle between the straight line where Ld is and the laser where Lb is is γ1. Through trigonometric functions, we can get: L 2 d+L 2 b-2Ld×Lbccosγ2=L 2 c; Substitute Lc=L2-La-Lb into L 2 d+L 2 b-2Ld×Lbccosγ2=L 2 c, the value of Lb can be calculated; Similarly, Lb×sinβ represents the vertical distance between the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector plate 20, and La×cosβ represents the horizontal distance between the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector plate 20. The external level determines the sinking displacement of the laser reflector 30, and then the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the laser reflector plate 20 are determined by the sinking displacement of the laser reflector 30, wherein the lateral movement of the laser reflector 30 does not affect the detection result, and when the laser reflector plate 20 is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel to measure the vertical displacement, the laser reflector plate 20 is arranged horizontally; when the laser reflector plate 20 is arranged on the side wall of the tunnel to measure the horizontal displacement, the laser reflector plate 20 is arranged vertically.

[0028] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of the first embodiment, the laser reflector 30 is replaced as follows. The laser reflector 30 includes: a fixed shell 31, a reflector 32, an electrically controlled dimming mirror 33 and a lens controller 34.

[0029] The fixed shell 31 is mounted on the incident angle stabilizer 50, and is driven to rotate by the incident angle stabilizer 50 to maintain the angle between the fixed shell 31 and the horizontal plane. The fixed shell 31 is provided with a mirror groove on the side away from the incident angle stabilizer 50, and the inner side of the mirror groove is provided with an electrically controlled dimming mirror 33 and a reflector 32, and the reflector 32 is mounted on the upper wall of the inner cavity of the mirror groove, and the electrically controlled dimming mirror 33 is on the lower side of the reflector 32, that is, on the side away from the top wall of the mirror groove. The electrically controlled dimming mirror 33 uses a dimming liquid crystal film or other electrochromic device, which is opaque and performs mirror reflection of the irradiated laser when powered on; the electrically controlled dimming mirror 33 becomes transparent after power is turned off, and light can penetrate the electrically controlled dimming mirror 33 and irradiate the reflector 32, and the reflector 32 diffusely reflects the irradiated laser.

[0030] The lens controller 34 is installed on the outside of the fixed shell 31 and is electrically connected to the electric-controlled dimming mirror 33, and is used to control the on and off of the voltage in the lens controller 34; the electric-controlled dimming mirror 33 is connected to the external power supply through the lens controller 34. After the lens controller 34 cuts off the power of the electric-controlled dimming mirror 33, the electric-controlled dimming mirror 33 becomes transparent, and the laser can penetrate the electric-controlled dimming mirror 33; after the lens controller 34 connects to the power of the electric-controlled dimming mirror 33, it becomes opaque and performs mirror reflection of the irradiated laser.

[0031] Embodiment three: See also Figure 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of the first embodiment, the number of fixing frames is three, five or seven; wherein the number of laser reflectors 30 is one, and only one set of leveling instruments is needed to monitor the laser reflectors 30, thereby reducing the use of leveling instruments. The laser reflectors 30 are located on the lower side of the tunnel vault, the number of laser transceivers 10 and laser reflecting plates 20 are the same, and the same set of laser transceivers 10 and laser reflecting plates 20 are symmetrical about the laser reflectors 30, that is, in the same group, the laser transceiver 10 emits lasers that will irradiate the laser reflecting plates 20 after being reflected by the mirror of the laser reflector 30. Multiple monitoring points of the same monitoring section share one laser reflector 30, which can reduce the number of leveling instruments used; if manual re-measurement is adopted, there is only one laser reflector 30 as the monitoring reference, which can also reduce the workload of manual re-measurement.

[0032] Embodiment 4: See also Figure 5-Figure 7The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, based on the first embodiment, further comprising an angle adjuster 60, the angle adjuster 60 is installed on the upper side of the incident angle stabilizer 50, the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector plate 20 are all installed on the angle adjuster 60, and then connected to the incident angle stabilizer 50 through the angle adjuster 60. The angle adjuster 60 is used to adjust the inclination angle of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector plate 20, and through the inclination angle adjustment, the positional relationship among the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector plate 20 can meet the use requirements.

[0033] The angle adjuster 60 includes: an adapter column 61, a base plate 62, a pressure plate 63, a bottom plate 64, a top plate 65, a base 66, a positioning seat 67 and a threaded rod 68. A pressure groove is provided on the upper side of the base plate 62, and a cylindrical hole is provided through the lower wall of the pressure groove. The adapter column 61 is rotatably connected to the cylindrical hole, and its upper end passes through the cylindrical hole. One end of the pressure plate 63 is hinged to the base plate 62, and the lower side of the rotating pressure plate 63 can fit with the bottom wall of the pressure groove; a protrusion is provided on the other side of the pressure plate 63, and the base plate 62 is provided with a convex plate corresponding to the protrusion, and through holes are provided on the protrusion and the convex plate, and the pressure plate 63 can be fixedly connected to the base plate 62 by bolts passing through the through holes. A flange plate 611 is provided on the outer side of the adapter column 61. When the pressure plate 63 is fixedly connected to the base plate 62, the pressure plate 63 and the base plate 62 are clamped on the upper and lower sides of the flange plate 611. The flange plate 611 is fixed by the pressure plate 63 and the base plate 62 to prevent the adapter column 61 from rotating. After loosening the bolts, the pressure plate 63 will be loosened, and the base plate 62 can be rotated at this time. By rotating the base plate 62, the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflection plate 20 on the angle adjuster 60 can be adjusted in lateral angle.

[0034] The bottom plate 64 is installed on the upper side of the base plate 62, and the pressure plate 63 is located on the lower side of the bottom plate 64. The bottom plate 64 is arranged in an L shape, and the lower end of the top plate 65 is hinged to the vertical arm of the bottom plate 64; the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector plate 20 are fixed on the top of the top plate 65. The base 66 is hinged to the upper end of the bottom plate 64. The outer end of the positioning seat 67 is hinged with a No. 1 connecting rod and a No. 2 connecting rod, the other end of the No. 1 connecting rod is hinged to the bottom plate 64, and the other end of the No. 2 connecting rod is hinged to the top plate 65; a threaded hole is opened through the positioning seat 67. The threaded rod 68 penetrates the positioning seat 67 and is screwed to the threaded hole. The optical axis end of the threaded rod 68 is rotatably connected to the base 66, and the threaded rod 68 can only rotate through the limit of the base 66. By rotating the threaded rod 68 , the threaded rod 68 drives the base 66 and the bottom plate 64 to expand or close relative to each other through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, thereby adjusting the vertical angle of the laser transceiver 10 , the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflective plate 20 on the angle adjuster 60 .

[0035] The incident angle stabilizer 50 includes: a weighted ball 51, a rectangular frame 52, an adapter plate 53, a seat plate 54, a pointing plate 55, a magnet 56 and a square column 57. A strip plate is provided on the upper side of the weighted ball 51, and longitudinal adjustment shafts are provided on the left and right sides of the strip plate; a rectangular hole is provided on the upper side of the rectangular frame 52, and the upper side of the strip plate passes through the rectangular hole and is connected to the seat plate 54; the longitudinal adjustment shaft on the strip plate is connected to the rectangular frame 52 through a bearing. Transverse adjustment shafts are provided on the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame 52, and there are two groups of adapter plates 53; the two groups of adapter plates 53 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame 52, and the transverse adjustment shaft is connected to the adapter plate 53 through a bearing. The central axis of the longitudinal adjustment shaft is coplanar with the central axis of the longitudinal adjustment shaft. The incident angle stabilizer 50 is connected to the fixed frame through the adapter plate 53. The rotating shaft on the lower side of the pointing plate 55 is movably connected to the seat plate 54 through a bearing, so that the pointing plate 55 can rotate freely. The central axis of the rotating shaft of the pointing plate 55 intersects with the central axis of the longitudinal adjustment shaft and the central axis of the longitudinal adjustment shaft at one point. The central axis of the transverse adjustment shaft is the x-axis, the central axis of the longitudinal adjustment shaft is the y-axis, and the central axis of the rotating shaft of the pointing plate 55 is the z-axis. A spatial coordinate system can be established, and the intersection of the three is the origin. A pointing slot is provided on the outer side of the pointing plate 55, and a magnet 56 is installed on the inner side of the pointing slot. A square column 57 is provided on the upper side of the pointing plate 55, and a square slot adapted to the square column 57 is provided on the lower side of the adapter column 61. The incident angle stabilizer 50 and the angle adjuster 60 are connected through the square column 57 and the adapter column 61. Pin holes are also provided on the adapter column 61 and the square column 57. Pins are passed through the pin holes to fix the adapter column 61 and the square column 57.

[0036] When the fixed frame tilts due to tunnel deformation, the weight ball 51 will drive the rectangular frame 52 and itself to rotate under the action of gravity, and the weight ball 51 is always positioned vertically downward through the rotation of the transverse adjustment shaft and the longitudinal adjustment shaft. Then, the directional pointing function of the magnet 56 is used to prevent the pointing plate 55 from deflecting relative to the initial position.

[0037] In order to further strengthen the pointing function of the magnet 56, the magnet 56 is set as an electromagnet; before using the laser for measurement, the electromagnet is first powered on to complete the pointing function; then the power is turned off to prevent the electromagnet magnetic field from interfering with the accuracy of the laser measurement data. A counterweight block (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the angle adjuster 60, and the center of gravity is adjusted by the counterweight block so that after the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 or the laser reflector plate 20 are installed above the angle adjuster 60, the overall center of gravity is located on the extension line of the rotation axis of the pointing plate 55.

[0038] Angle sensors are provided on the outside of the horizontal adjustment axis, the longitudinal adjustment axis and the rotating axis of the pointing plate 55. When calculating the displacement distance of the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 20, an angle correction function is added to further improve the accuracy of the data. For example, initially, the position compensation length of the laser emission point is m, and its components on the x, y, and z axes of the spatial coordinate system are msina1, msina2, and msina3 respectively; the angle sensor on the outside of the rotating axis of the pointing plate 55, the angle sensor on the outside of the longitudinal adjustment axis, and the angle sensor on the outside of the horizontal adjustment axis monitor the angle changes of Δa1, Δa2, and Δa3; after compensation, the components of the position compensation length m of the laser emission point on the x, y, and z axes of the spatial coordinate system are: x-axis component: msina1(cosΔa2cosΔa3)+msina2[cosΔa1cosΔa3sinΔa3+sinΔa2sinΔa1cosΔa3]+msina3[sinΔa3sinΔa1cosΔa2−cosΔa1sinΔa2cosΔa3] y-axis component: msina1(−cosΔa2sinΔa3)+msina2[cosΔa1cosΔa2cosΔa3−sinΔa2sinΔa1sinΔa3]+msina3[sinΔa1cosΔa2cosΔa3+cosΔa1sinΔa2sinΔa3] z-axis component: msina1sinΔa2+msina2(−cosΔa2sinΔa1)+msina3(cosΔa2cosΔa1).

[0039] Embodiment five: See also Figure 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of the first embodiment, the fixing frame includes: a protective box 41, a protective cover 42 and a support leg 43. A stabilizing groove is provided on one side of the protective box 41, and the incident angle stabilizer 50 is installed on the inner side of the stabilizing groove. A detachable protective cover 42 is installed on the side of the protective box 41 where the stabilizing groove is provided, and the protective cover 42 is connected to the protective box 41 by buckles or screws. The protective cover 42 is a transparent protective cover, which is used to prevent dust and water vapor from entering, thereby protecting the incident angle stabilizer 50, the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector plate 20 and the laser reflector 30. The protective cover 42 can be semicircular or square. The support leg 43 is installed on the outside of the outer side of the outer side of the protective box 41.

[0040] Embodiment six: See also Fig. 9The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of the first embodiment, the laser emitter in the laser transceiver 10 can emit two lasers. The laser emitter includes a laser generator 11, a light-transmitting plate 12 and a reflector 13. The laser generator 11 is used to generate lasers. The light-transmitting plate 12 also uses a dimming liquid crystal film. When the light-transmitting plate 12 is powered off, it is transparent. The laser generated by the laser generator 11 directly passes through the light-transmitting plate 12. When the light-transmitting plate 12 is powered on, it is opaque. It reflects the laser to the reflector 13. The reflector 13 is a plane mirror, which re-reflects the laser reflected from the light-transmitting plate 12. The laser emitted through the light-transmitting plate 12 is not parallel to the laser reflected by the reflector 13. Two sets of data are obtained by measuring successively with two laser beams, and the accuracy of the data is verified by the two sets of data. After the two sets of data are brought into the comparative analysis model (existing technology, which will not be described here), when both sets of data conform to the change, the average value of the two sets of data is taken as the final measurement result. When one of the sets of data does not conform to the change, the set of data that conforms to the comparative analysis model is taken as the final measurement result.

[0041] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention; therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is limited by the attached claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention, and any figure marks in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, characterized in that: include: A laser transceiver (10) is used to emit laser light and receive light after diffuse reflection of the emitted laser light; A laser reflector (30) for performing specular reflection or diffuse reflection on the laser light emitted by the laser transceiver (10); A laser reflection plate (20) for diffusely reflecting the laser light specularly reflected by the laser reflector (30); There are at least three fixing frames, which are fixed at different monitoring points of the same monitoring section of the tunnel respectively; and the total number of laser transceivers (10), laser reflectors (30) and laser reflective plates (20) is the same as the number of fixing frames; a stabilizing groove is provided on the inner side of the fixing frame, and the laser transceiver (10), laser reflector (30) and laser reflective plate (20) are respectively located in the stabilizing grooves of different fixing frames; An incident angle stabilizer (50) corresponds one-to-one to the fixing frame and is installed on the inner side of the stabilizing groove; the incident angle stabilizer (50) is used to stabilize the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver (10) and the horizontal plane, the horizontality of the laser reflector (30), and the angle between the laser reflector plate (20) and the horizontal plane.

2. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The laser reflector (30) comprises: A fixed shell (31), which is mounted on the incident angle stabilizer (50) and has a mirror groove on a side away from the incident angle stabilizer (50); An electrically controlled dimming mirror (33) is mounted on the inner side of the mirror groove and on a side away from the top wall of the mirror groove; A reflective plate (32) mounted on the inner side of the mirror groove and used for diffusely reflecting the laser light passing through the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33); A lens controller (34) is mounted on the outside of the fixed shell (31) and is electrically connected to the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33); After the lens controller (34) is connected to the power supply of the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33), the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33) performs mirror reflection on the laser; after the lens controller (34) is disconnected from the power supply of the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33), the laser can penetrate the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33).

3. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The number of the fixing frames is three, five or seven; wherein the number of the laser reflector (30) is one and is located at the lower side of the tunnel vault; the number of the laser transceivers (10) and the laser reflection plates (20) are the same, and the same group of laser transceivers (10) and laser reflection plates (20) are symmetrical about the laser reflectors (30).

4. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: An angle adjuster (60) is installed on the upper side of the incident angle stabilizer (50), and the laser transceiver (10), the laser reflector (30) and the laser reflection plate (20) are all connected to the incident angle stabilizer (50) via the angle adjuster (60).

5. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The incident angle stabilizer (50) comprises: A base plate (62) having a pressing groove formed on its upper side and a cylindrical hole formed through the lower wall of the pressing groove; A pressing plate (63), one end of which is hinged to the base plate (62), and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the base plate (62) via bolts; An adapter column (61) has an upper end passing through the cylindrical hole; a flange plate (611) is provided on the outer side of the adapter column (61), and a pressure plate (63) and a base plate (62) are clamped on the upper and lower sides of the flange plate (611); A bottom plate (64) mounted on the upper side of the base plate (62); A top plate (65) whose lower end is hinged to the bottom plate (64); A base (66) hingedly connected to the upper end of the bottom plate (64); A positioning seat (67) has a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod hingedly connected at its outer end, the other end of the first connecting rod is hingedly connected to the bottom plate (64), and the other end of the second connecting rod is hingedly connected to the top plate (65); a threaded hole is formed through the positioning seat (67); A threaded rod (68) passes through the positioning seat (67) and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole; the optical axis end of the threaded rod (68) is rotatably connected to the base (66).

6. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The fixing frame comprises: A protection box (41), wherein the stabilizing groove is provided on one side of the protection box (41); A support leg (43) mounted on the outside of the protection box (41); The protective cover (42) is detachably connected to the outside of the protective box (41) and is located on the side where the stabilizing groove is opened.

7. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The incident angle stabilizer (50) comprises: A rectangular frame (52) having transverse adjustment shafts disposed on both the front and rear sides thereof; A counterweight ball (51) is provided with a strip plate on its upper side; the upper end of the strip plate passes through the rectangular frame (52), and the left and right sides of the strip plate are provided with longitudinal adjustment shafts rotatably connected to the rectangular frame (52); A seat plate (54) mounted on the upper side of the strip plate; The lower side of the pointing plate (55) is movably connected to the seat plate (54) via a rotating shaft; a pointing groove is provided on the outer side of the pointing plate (55), and a magnet (56) is installed on the inner side of the pointing groove.

8. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 7 is characterized by: The incident angle stabilizer (50) further comprises an adapter plate (53), and the number of the adapter plates (53) is two groups; the two groups of adapter plates (53) are respectively located at the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame (52), and the lateral adjustment shaft is connected to the adapter plate (53) via a bearing.

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