A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and specifically relates to a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, comprising: a laser transceiver, a laser reflector, a laser reflection plate, a fixing frame, and an incident angle stabilizer; the laser transceiver is used for emitting laser and receiving the light after the emitted laser undergoes diffuse reflection; the laser reflector performs specular reflection or diffuse reflection on the laser emitted by the laser transceiver; the laser reflection plate performs diffuse reflection on the laser specularly reflected by the laser reflector; the incident angle stabilizer is used for stabilizing the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver and the horizontal plane, the levelness of the laser reflector, and the angle between the laser reflection plate and the horizontal plane; the device stabilizes the angle through the incident angle stabilizer, so that when the device is monitoring, the laser path has a stable route, and by avoiding the deviation of the laser path, the accuracy of the measurement data is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and particularly to a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. Background Technique

[0002] The main purpose of tunnel monitoring is to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel and extend its service life. By continuously monitoring the internal and external environments of the tunnel, potential safety hazards and structural problems can be detected, and corresponding maintenance and repair measures can be taken in a timely manner. Tunnel deformation monitoring is a type of tunnel monitoring, mainly including horizontal displacement monitoring and vertical displacement monitoring, which are used to analyze the lateral and longitudinal deformation amounts of the tunnel.

[0003] During tunnel deformation monitoring, 5 to 7 monitoring points are arranged at a monitoring section, which are respectively used to monitor parts such as the crown, side walls, and bottom of the tunnel; during monitoring, lasers are used to measure the distance between two monitoring points, and the displacement distance of the monitoring points is analyzed through the change in distance; since both of the two monitoring points may displace ( Figure 1 the first one from the right in the middle), in order to accurately judge, at least one more set of level gauges is required to monitor the settlement of the reference monitoring points; for 5 to 7 monitoring points, 3 to 4 reference monitoring points need to be set, and the settlement measurement of the reference monitoring points requires arranging a corresponding number of level gauges, or manually measuring the settlement of multiple groups of reference monitoring points, which will increase the cost of the settlement measurement of the reference monitoring points; moreover, when using laser measurement, the deformation of the tunnel will cause the laser transmitter to tilt ( Figure 1 the first one from the left in the middle), at this time, the laser path tilts and becomes longer, and the measurement data will also deviate, thereby resulting in inaccurate measurement data.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a tunnel deformation monitoring device that reduces the number of reference monitoring points and whose laser path does not tilt. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technique that the existing tunnel deformation monitoring device requires a large number of reference monitoring points and the laser path will tilt.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, including:

[0007] A laser transceiver, which is used to emit laser and receive the light after diffuse reflection of the emitted laser;

[0008] A laser reflector is used to perform specular reflection or diffuse reflection on the laser emitted by the laser transceiver; the specular reflection or diffuse reflection of the laser is selected through the laser reflector; the laser reflector includes a specular reflection plate and a diffuse reflection plate, and the laser emitted by the laser transceiver is directed towards the laser reflector. When the laser irradiates on the specular reflection plate, the specular reflection plate performs specular reflection on the laser and reflects the laser onto the laser reflection plate, and the laser transceiver receives the laser signal reflected back by the laser reflection plate; when the laser irradiates on the diffuse reflection plate, through the diffuse reflection of the diffuse reflection plate, the laser receiver will receive the reflected laser signal;

[0009] A laser reflection plate is used to perform diffuse reflection on the laser specularly reflected by the laser reflector;

[0010] Fixing brackets, the number of which is at least three, are respectively fixed on different monitoring points of the same monitoring section of the tunnel; and the total number of the laser transceiver, the laser reflector and the laser reflection plate is the same as the number of the fixing brackets; a stable groove is formed on the inner side of the fixing bracket, and the laser transceiver, the laser reflector and the laser reflection plate are respectively located in the stable grooves of different fixing brackets;

[0011] An incident angle stabilizer corresponds to the fixing bracket one by one and is installed on the inner side of the stable groove; the incident angle stabilizer is used to stabilize the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver and the horizontal plane, the levelness of the laser reflector, and the angle between the laser reflection plate and the horizontal plane; the deformation monitoring device concentrates the reference positions of multiple groups of monitoring points on a group of laser reflectors, and then measures the laser path length by selecting specular reflection or diffuse reflection of the laser through the laser reflector; then, based on the laser path length and the settlement size of the laser reflector measured by the level, the displacement distances of the laser transceiver and the laser reflection plate are calculated.

[0012] Preferably, the laser reflector includes:

[0013] A fixing shell is installed on the incident angle stabilizer, and a mirror groove is formed on the side of the fixing shell away from the incident angle stabilizer;

[0014] An electronically controlled dimming mirror is installed inside the mirror groove and on the side away from the top wall of the mirror groove;

[0015] A reflector is installed inside the mirror groove and is used to perform diffuse reflection on the laser passing through the electronically controlled dimming mirror;

[0016] A lens controller is installed on the outside of the fixing shell and is electrically connected to the electronically controlled dimming mirror;

[0017] After the lens controller turns on the power supply of the electronically controlled dimming mirror, the electronically controlled dimming mirror performs specular reflection on the laser; after the lens controller cuts off the power supply of the electronically controlled dimming mirror, the laser can penetrate the electronically controlled dimming mirror.

[0018] Preferably, the number of the fixing frames is three, five or seven; wherein, the number of the laser reflectors is one, and it is located on the lower side of the tunnel vault; the number of the laser transceiver and the laser reflector plate is the same, and the same group of laser transceiver and laser reflector plate are symmetrical about the laser reflector.

[0019] Preferably, an angle regulator is installed on the upper side of the incident angle stabilizer, and the laser transceiver, the laser reflector and the laser reflector plate are all connected to the incident angle stabilizer through the angle regulator.

[0020] Preferably, the angle regulator includes:

[0021] A substrate, on the upper side of which a pressing groove is opened, and a cylindrical hole is penetrated through the lower wall of the pressing groove;

[0022] A pressing plate, one end of which is hinged to the substrate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the substrate through a bolt;

[0023] A transfer column, the upper end of which penetrates through the cylindrical hole; a flange plate is arranged on the outer side of the transfer column, and the pressing plate and the substrate are clamped on the upper and lower sides of the flange plate;

[0024] A bottom plate, which is installed on the upper side of the substrate;

[0025] A top plate, the lower end of which is hinged to the bottom plate;

[0026] A base, which is hinged to the upper end of the bottom plate;

[0027] A positioning seat, on the outer end of which a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod are hinged, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the bottom plate, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the top plate; a threaded hole is penetrated through the positioning seat;

[0028] A threaded rod, which penetrates through the positioning seat and is screwed with the threaded hole; the optical axis end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the base.

[0029] Preferably, the fixing frame includes:

[0030] A protective box, on one side of which the stabilizing groove is opened;

[0031] Support feet, which are installed on the outer side of the protective box;

[0032] A protective cover, which is detachably connected to the outer side of the protective box and is located on the side where the stabilizing groove is opened.

[0033] Preferably, the incident angle stabilizer includes:

[0034] A rectangular frame, on the front and rear sides of which transverse adjustment shafts are arranged;

[0035] A counterweight ball, on the upper side of which a strip plate is provided; the upper end of the strip plate penetrates through a rectangular frame, and longitudinal adjustment shafts rotatably connected to the rectangular frame are provided on both the left and right sides of the strip plate;

[0036] A seat plate, which is installed on the upper side of the strip plate;

[0037] A pointing plate, the lower side of which is movably connected to the seat plate through a rotating shaft; a pointing groove is formed on the outer side of the pointing plate, and a magnet is installed on the inner side of the pointing groove.

[0038] Preferably, the incident angle stabilizer further includes two sets of adapter plates; the two sets of adapter plates are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame, and the transverse adjustment shaft is connected to the adapter plate through a bearing.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1) The device concentrates the reference positions of multiple groups of monitoring points on a group of laser reflectors (reference monitoring points), and then measures the laser path length by selecting specular reflection or diffuse reflection of the laser by the laser reflector; then, based on the laser path length and the settlement size of the laser reflector measured by the level, the displacement distances of the laser transceiver and the laser reflector are calculated. Therefore, when the device monitors the displacement of multiple groups of monitoring points, only one reference monitoring point is required, and no additional laser transceiver needs to be added; the device not only reduces the measurement data of the level but also reduces the cost of settlement measurement.

[0041] 2) The device stabilizes the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver and the horizontal plane, the levelness of the laser reflector, and the angle between the laser reflection plate and the horizontal plane through the incident angle stabilizer, so that the laser path has a stable route during monitoring, and by avoiding the deviation of the laser path ( Figure 1 left one), the accuracy of the measurement data is guaranteed. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of laser ranging in existing tunnel deformation monitoring;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the laser transceiver, the laser reflection plate, and the laser reflector of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing frame of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixing frame of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the incident angle stabilizer of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the angle regulator structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the substrate and the pressing plate of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the front view of the laser reflector of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the optical path in the laser transceiver of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the beam splitting of the laser emitter of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the specular reflection of laser by the mirror surface of the laser reflector of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Schematic diagram for calculating the length of the auxiliary laser in it.

[0054] In the figure: 10 laser transceiver, 20 laser reflection plate, 30 laser reflector, 50 incident angle stabilizer, 60 angle regulator;

[0055] 11 laser generator, 12 light-transmitting plate, 13 reflector;

[0056] 31 fixed shell, 32 reflector plate, 33 electronically controlled dimming mirror, 34 lens controller;

[0057] 41 protective box, 42 protective cover, 43 support feet;

[0058] 51 counterweight ball, 52 rectangular frame, 53 adapter plate, 54 seat plate, 55 pointing plate, 56 magnet, 57 square column;

[0059] 61 adapter post, 62 substrate, 63 pressing plate, 64 bottom plate, 65 top plate, 66 base, 67 positioning seat, 68 threaded rod, 611 flange plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0062] Embodiment 1:

[0063] Please refer to Figures 2 - 11 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, including: a laser transceiver 10, a laser reflector 20, a laser reflector 30, a fixing frame, and an incident angle stabilizer 50.

[0064] The laser transceiver 10 is mainly composed of a laser emitter and a laser receiver. The laser emitter uses solid-state lasers such as ruby and neodymium glass, or gallium arsenide semiconductor lasers, for emitting laser light; the laser receiver uses a high-sensitivity photodiode or an avalanche photodiode for receiving the laser signal diffusely reflected by the laser reflector 20 or the laser reflector 30. The optical components in the laser transceiver 10, such as lenses, beam shapers, objective lenses, and filters, etc., all adopt existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0065] The laser reflector 30 includes a specular reflector and a diffuser. The laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 is directed towards the laser reflector 30. When the laser irradiates on the specular reflector, the specular reflector specularly reflects the laser and reflects the laser onto the laser reflector 20; when the laser irradiates on the diffuser, through diffuse reflection, the laser receiver will receive the reflected laser signal. The specular reflector can be set as a sliding structure, and then the specular reflector is pushed to slide by a push rod (not shown in the figure); under normal conditions, the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 can only irradiate on the specular reflector. When the push rod pushes open the specular reflector, the laser will irradiate on the diffuser.

[0066] The laser reflector 20 is also a plate for diffusely reflecting light. After the laser is specularly reflected by the specular reflector, it will irradiate on the laser reflector 20. The laser diffusely reflects on the laser reflector 20 and then is received by the laser receiver of the laser transceiver 10.

[0067] When there are reserved hooked steel bars in the tunnel, the fixing frames can be fixed to the hooked steel bars; when there are no reserved hooked steel bars in the tunnel, expansion bolts can be installed on the tunnel, and then the fixing frames can be fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel through the expansion bolts. The number of fixing frames is 2n + 1 (n is a positive integer). When arranging the fixing frames, several fixing frames are respectively fixed on different monitoring points of the same monitoring section of the tunnel, and there is only one fixing frame at one monitoring point. The total number of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflection plate 20 is the same as the number of fixing frames, and each fixing frame corresponds to a laser transceiver 10, a laser reflector 30 or a laser reflection plate 20; a stable groove is formed on the inner side of the fixing frame, and the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflection plate 20 are respectively installed in the stable grooves of the corresponding fixing frames.

[0068] The incident angle stabilizer 50 is also installed in the stable groove of the fixing frame, and it corresponds to the fixing frame one by one. One incident angle stabilizer 50 is arranged in the stable groove of each fixing frame. The incident angle stabilizer 50 corresponding to the laser transceiver 10 is used to adjust the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 and the horizontal plane, so that the angle between the laser reflected by the laser reflector 30 and the horizontal plane remains constant. The incident angle stabilizer 50 corresponding to the laser reflector 30 is used to adjust the levelness of the laser reflector 30, so that the laser reflector 30 remains horizontal. The incident angle stabilizer 50 corresponding to the laser reflection plate 20 is used to adjust the angle between the laser reflection plate 20 and the horizontal plane, so that the angle between the laser reflection plate 20 and the horizontal plane remains constant. Here, a gyroscope can be used to monitor the deflection angles of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflection plate 20 and the laser reflector 30, and then a servo motor is used to drive the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflection plate 20 and the laser reflector 30 to rotate by corresponding angles for deviation correction (not shown in the figure), so that the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 and the horizontal plane remains constant, the levelness of the laser reflector 30 remains constant, and the angle between the laser reflection plate 20 and the horizontal plane remains constant.

[0069] Refer to Figure 10 , the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 and the horizontal plane remains constant, and the levelness of the laser reflector 30 remains constant, so that the incident angle of the laser relative to the laser reflector 30 remains constant, which is convenient for calculating the vertical distance or horizontal distance between the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 30. During measurement, first pull open the mirror reflection plate of the laser reflector 30, then let the laser of the laser emitter irradiate on the diffuse reflection plate, and then the laser receiver monitors the laser signal reflected by the diffuse reflection plate to obtain the length of the laser as L1;

[0070] L1 = Lr + Ls;

[0071] Lr represents the laser path length from the laser emitter to the diffuse reflection plate;

[0072] Ls represents the laser path length from the laser receiver to the diffuse reflection plate;

[0073] The distance D between the laser emission point and the laser reception point is a fixed value, and the angle θ between the line connecting the laser emission point and the laser reception point and the emitted laser is also a fixed value. Through trigonometric functions, it can be obtained that:

[0074] L2s＝L2r＋D2－2Lr×D×cosθ；

[0075] 将Ls＝L1－Lr带入L2s＝L2r＋D2－2Lr×D×cosθ，可以求出Lr的具体数值，Lr＝（L21－D2） / （L1－D×cosθ）；

[0076] The distance H between the specular reflection plate and the diffuse reflection plate and the angle β between the laser and the diffuse reflection plate are both fixed values. Then the laser path length La from the laser emitter to the specular reflection plate is La = Lr - H / sinβ; through trigonometric functions, the vertical distance La×sinβ between the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 30 and the horizontal distance La×cosβ between the laser transceiver 10 and the laser reflector 30 are calculated. By determining the sinking displacement of the laser reflector 30 through a set of external level gauges, the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the laser transceiver 10 can be determined. Among them, the lateral movement of the laser reflector 30 does not affect the detection result. When the laser transceiver 10 is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, the vertical displacement needs to be measured to determine the settlement of the monitoring point; when the laser transceiver 10 is arranged on the side wall of the tunnel, the horizontal displacement needs to be measured to determine the indentation distance of the side wall.

[0077] Refer to Figure 11 、 Figure 12 ., the angle between the laser reflection plate 20 and the horizontal plane is kept constant, so that the distance between the laser reflection plate 20 and the laser reflector 30 will not deviate due to rotation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring result. During measurement, first close the specular reflection plate of the laser reflector 30, then let the laser of the laser emitter irradiate on the specular reflection plate, and then the specular reflection plate reflects the laser, and the laser irradiates on the laser reflection plate 20. The laser receiver monitors the laser signal reflected back by the laser reflection plate 20 to obtain the length of the laser as L2:

[0078] L2 = La + Lb + Lc;

[0079] La represents the laser path length from the laser emitter to the specular reflection plate;

[0080] Lb represents the laser path length from the specular reflection plate to the laser reflection plate 20;

[0081] Lc represents the laser path length from the laser reflection plate 20 to the laser receiver;

[0082] 令激光接收点与镜面反射板上反射点连线的长度为Ld，通过三角函数，可得：L2d＝L2a＋D2－2La×D×cosθ；

[0083] 然后在利用三角函数，计算出Ld所在直线与La所在激光夹角γ2；

[0084] γ2＝arccos[（L2a＋L2d－D2） / （2La×Ld）]；

[0085] Ld 所在直线与Lb所在激光之间夹角为γ1，通过三角函数，可得：

[0086] L2d＋L2b－2Ld×Lbccosγ2＝L2c；

[0087] 将Lc＝L2－La－Lb带入L2d＋L2b－2Ld×Lbccosγ2＝L2c，可以求出Lb的数值；

[0088] Similarly, Lb×sinβ represents the vertical distance between the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflection plate 20, and La×cosβ represents the horizontal distance between the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflection plate 20. The external level determines the sinking displacement of the laser reflector 30, and then judges the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the laser reflection plate 20 through the sinking displacement of the laser reflector 30. Among them, the lateral movement of the laser reflector 30 does not affect the detection result. When the laser reflection plate 20 is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel to measure the vertical displacement, the laser reflection plate 20 is arranged horizontally; when the laser reflection plate 20 is arranged on the side wall of the tunnel to measure the horizontal displacement, the laser reflection plate 20 is arranged vertically.

[0089] Embodiment 2:

[0090] Please refer to Figure 8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of Embodiment 1, the laser reflector 30 is replaced as follows. The laser reflector 30 includes: a fixed shell 31, a reflector 32, an electro-controlled dimming mirror 33, and a lens controller 34.

[0091] The fixed shell 31 is installed on the incident angle stabilizer 50, and is driven by the incident angle stabilizer 50 to rotate to keep the angle between the fixed shell 31 and the horizontal plane. The fixed shell 31 is provided with a mirror groove on the side far from the incident angle stabilizer 50. The electro-controlled dimming mirror 33 and the reflector 32 are installed inside the mirror groove. The reflector 32 is installed on the inner cavity upper wall of the mirror groove, and the electro-controlled dimming mirror 33 is on the lower side of the reflector 32, that is, on the side far from the top wall of the mirror groove. The electro-controlled dimming mirror 33 adopts a dimming liquid crystal film or other electrochromic devices. In the energized state, it is opaque and performs specular reflection on the incident laser; after the electro-controlled dimming mirror 33 is powered off, it becomes transparent. At this time, the light can penetrate the electro-controlled dimming mirror 33 and irradiate on the reflector 32, and the reflector 32 performs diffuse reflection on the incident laser.

[0092] The lens controller 34 is installed on the outside of the fixed housing 31 and is electrically connected to the electrochromic lens 33, and is used to control the on-off of the voltage in the lens controller 34; the electrochromic lens 33 is connected to an external power supply through the lens controller 34. After the lens controller 34 cuts off the power supply of the electrochromic lens 33, the electrochromic lens 33 becomes transparent and the laser can penetrate the electrochromic lens 33; after the lens controller 34 connects the power supply of the electrochromic lens 33, it becomes opaque and specularly reflects the incident laser.

[0093] Embodiment 3:

[0094] Please refer to Figure 2 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of Embodiment 1, the number of fixing frames is three, five or seven; wherein, the number of laser reflectors 30 is one, and only one set of level for monitoring the laser reflector 30 is required, thereby reducing the usage amount of the level. The laser reflector 30 is located below the tunnel crown. The number of laser transceivers 10 and laser reflectors 20 is the same, and the same set of laser transceivers 10 and laser reflectors 20 are symmetric about the laser reflector 30, that is, in the same set, the laser emitted by the laser transceiver 10 will irradiate the laser reflector 20 after being specularly reflected by the mirror surface of the laser reflector 30. Multiple monitoring points in the same monitoring section share one laser reflector 30, which can reduce the usage number of the level; if manual remeasurement is adopted, only one laser reflector 30 is used as the monitoring reference, which can also reduce the workload of manual remeasurement.

[0095] Embodiment 4:

[0096] Please refer to Figures 5 - 7 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of Embodiment 1, it further includes an angle adjuster 60. The angle adjuster 60 is installed on the upper side of the incident angle stabilizer 50. The laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector 20 are all installed on the angle adjuster 60 and then connected to the incident angle stabilizer 50 through the angle adjuster 60. The angle adjuster 60 is used to adjust the inclination angles of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector 20. Through the inclination angle adjustment, the positional relationship among the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30 and the laser reflector 20 can meet the usage requirements.

[0097] The angle adjuster 60 includes: a transfer post 61, a base plate 62, a pressing plate 63, a bottom plate 64, a top plate 65, a base 66, a positioning seat 67, and a threaded rod 68. A pressing groove is formed on the upper side of the base plate 62, and a cylindrical hole is formed through the lower wall of the pressing groove. The transfer post 61 is rotatably connected to the cylindrical hole, and its upper end penetrates through the cylindrical hole. One end of the pressing plate 63 is hinged to the base plate 62, and when the pressing plate 63 rotates, its lower side can be attached to the bottom wall of the pressing groove; a protrusion is provided on the other side of the pressing plate 63, and the base plate 62 is provided with a convex plate corresponding to the protrusion. Through holes are formed on both the protrusion and the convex plate, and the pressing plate 63 can be fixedly connected to the base plate 62 by bolts passing through the through holes. A flange plate 611 is provided on the outer side of the transfer post 61. After the pressing plate 63 is fixedly connected to the base plate 62, the pressing plate 63 and the base plate 62 are clamped on the upper and lower sides of the flange plate 611, and the flange plate 611 is fixed by the pressing plate 63 and the base plate 62 to prevent the transfer post 61 from rotating; after the bolts are loosened, the pressing plate 63 will be released, and at this time, the base plate 62 can be rotated. By rotating the base plate 62, the horizontal angle of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30, and the laser reflection plate 20 on the angle adjuster 60 can be adjusted.

[0098] The bottom plate 64 is installed on the upper side of the base plate 62, and the pressing plate 63 is located on the lower side of the bottom plate 64. The bottom plate 64 is arranged in an L shape, and the lower end of the top plate 65 is hinged to the vertical arm of the bottom plate 64; the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30, and the laser reflection plate 20 are fixed above the top plate 65. The base 66 is hinged to the upper end of the bottom plate 64. One end of a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod is hinged to the outer end of the positioning seat 67, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the bottom plate 64, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the top plate 65; a threaded hole is formed through the positioning seat 67. The threaded rod 68 penetrates through the positioning seat 67 and is screwed into the threaded hole, and the optical axis end of the threaded rod 68 is rotatably connected to the base 66. Due to the limitation of the base 66, the threaded rod 68 can only rotate. By rotating the threaded rod 68, the threaded rod 68 drives the base 66 and the bottom plate 64 to expand or close with each other through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, so as to adjust the vertical angle of the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30, and the laser reflection plate 20 on the angle adjuster 60.

[0099] The incident angle stabilizer 50 includes: a counterweight ball 51, a rectangular frame 52, an adapter plate 53, a base plate 54, a pointing plate 55, a magnet 56, and a square column 57. A strip plate is provided on the upper side of the counterweight ball 51, and longitudinal adjustment shafts are provided on both the left and right sides of the strip plate; a rectangular hole is formed through the upper side of the rectangular frame 52, and the upper side of the strip plate passes through the rectangular hole and is connected to the base plate 54; the longitudinal adjustment shafts on the strip plate are connected to the rectangular frame 52 through bearings. Transverse adjustment shafts are provided on both the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame 52, and the number of adapter plates 53 is two; the two adapter plates 53 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame 52, and the transverse adjustment shafts are connected to the adapter plates 53 through bearings. The central axes of the longitudinal adjustment shafts are coplanar with the central axes of the longitudinal adjustment shafts. The incident angle stabilizer 50 is connected to the fixed frame through the adapter plate 53. The rotating shaft on the lower side of the pointing plate 55 is movably connected to the base plate 54 through a bearing, so that the pointing plate 55 can rotate freely. The central axis of the rotating shaft of the pointing plate 55 intersects with the central axes of the longitudinal adjustment shafts and the central axes of the longitudinal adjustment shafts at a point. Taking the central axis of the transverse adjustment shaft as the x-axis, the central axis of the longitudinal adjustment shaft as the y-axis, and the central axis of the rotating shaft of the pointing plate 55 as the z-axis, a space coordinate system can be established, and the intersection point of the three is the origin. A pointing groove is formed on the outer side of the pointing plate 55, and a magnet 56 is installed on the inner side of the pointing groove. A square column 57 is provided on the upper side of the pointing plate 55, a square groove adapted to the square column 57 is formed on the lower side of the adapter column 61, and the incident angle stabilizer 50 and the angle adjuster 60 are connected through the square column 57 and the adapter column 61. Pin holes are also formed on the adapter column 61 and the square column 57, and the adapter column 61 and the square column 57 are fixed by a pin passing through the pin holes.

[0100] When the fixed frame is tilted due to tunnel deformation, the counterweight ball 51 will drive the rectangular frame 52 and itself to rotate under the action of gravity. Through the rotation of the transverse adjustment shaft and the longitudinal adjustment shaft, the position of the counterweight ball 51 is always vertically downward. Then, through the directional pointing function of the magnet 56, the deflection of the pointing plate 55 relative to the initial position is avoided.

[0101] In order to further strengthen the pointing function of the magnet 56, the magnet 56 is set as an electromagnet; before measuring with a laser, the electromagnet is first energized to complete the pointing function; then it is de-energized to prevent the magnetic field of the electromagnet from interfering with the accuracy of the laser measurement data. A counterweight block (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the angle adjuster 60. By adjusting the center of gravity with the counterweight block, after the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 30, or the laser reflector plate 20 is installed above the angle adjuster 60, the overall center of gravity is located on the extension line of the rotating shaft of the pointing plate 55.

[0102] 在横向调节轴、纵向调节轴以及指向板55转轴的外侧均设置有角度传感器，在计算激光收发器10和激光反射板20的位移距离时，加入角度纠偏功能，进一步提高数据的准确性。例 如，初始时激光发射点的位置补偿长度为m，其在空间坐标系x、y、z轴上的分量分别为msina1、msina2、msina3；指向板55转轴外侧的角度传感器、纵向调节轴外侧的角度传 感器及横向调节轴外侧的角度传感器监测到角度变化为Δa1、Δa2、Δa3；补偿后，激光发射点的位置补偿长度m在空间坐标系x、y、z轴上的分量分别为：

[0103] x 轴分量：msina1(cosΔa2cosΔa3)+msina2[cosΔa1cosΔa3sinΔa3+sinΔa2sinΔa1cosΔa3]+msina3[sinΔa3sinΔa1cosΔa2−cosΔa1sin Δa2cosΔa3]

[0104] y 轴分量：msina1(−cosΔa2sinΔa3)+msina2[cosΔa1cosΔa2cosΔa3−sinΔa2sinΔa1sinΔa3]+msina3[sinΔa1cosΔa2cosΔa3+cosΔa1sin Δa2sinΔa3]

[0105] z 轴分量：msina1sinΔa2+msina2(−cosΔa2sinΔa1)+msina3(cosΔa2cosΔa1)。

[0106] Example 5:

[0107] Please refer to Figure 3 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of Example 1, the fixing frame includes: a protective box 41, a protective cover 42 and a support leg 43. A stable groove is formed on one side of the protective box 41, and the incident angle stabilizer 50 is installed inside the stable groove. A detachable protective cover 42 is installed on the side of the protective box 41 where the stable groove is formed, and the protective cover 42 is connected to the protective box 41 by a buckle or a screw. The protective cover 42 is a transparent cover, which is used to prevent dust and water vapor from entering, so as to protect the incident angle stabilizer 50, the laser transceiver 10, the laser reflector 20 and the laser reflector 30. The protective cover 42 can be selected as semi-circular or square. Support legs 43 are installed on the outer side of the protective box 41.

[0108] Example 6:

[0109] Please refer to Figure 9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology. On the basis of Example 1, the laser emitter in the laser transceiver 10 can emit two beams of laser. The laser emitter includes a laser generator 11, a light-transmitting plate 12 and a reflecting mirror 13; the laser generator 11 is used to generate laser, and the light-transmitting plate 12 also uses a dimming liquid crystal film. When the power is off, the light-transmitting plate 12 is in a transparent state, and the laser generated by the laser generator 11 directly passes through the light-transmitting plate 12; when the power is on, the light-transmitting plate 12 is in an opaque state, and it reflects the laser to the reflecting mirror 13. The reflecting mirror 13 is a plane mirror, which reflects the laser reflected by the light-transmitting plate 12 again. The laser emitted through the light-transmitting plate 12 is not parallel to the laser reflected by the reflecting mirror 13. Two sets of data are obtained by measuring with two beams of laser successively, and the accuracy of the data is verified through the two sets of data. After the two sets of data are brought into the comparative analysis model (prior art, not elaborated here), when both sets of data conform to the change, the average value of the two sets of data is taken as the final measurement result. When one of the sets of data does not conform to the change, one set of data that conforms to the comparative analysis model is taken as the final measurement result.

[0110] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to embrace all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology, characterized in that: include: A laser transceiver (10) is used to emit laser light and receive light from the emitted laser light after diffuse reflection; The laser reflector (30) is used to perform specular reflection or diffuse reflection on the laser light emitted by the laser transceiver (10); the laser light is selectively specularly reflected or diffusely reflected by the laser reflector (30); the laser reflector (30) comprises a specular reflection plate and a diffuse reflection plate, the laser light emitted by the laser transceiver (10) is directed toward the laser reflector (30), when the laser light is irradiated onto the specular reflection plate, the specular reflection plate performs specular reflection on the laser light and reflects the laser light onto the laser reflection plate (20), and the laser transceiver (10) receives the laser signal reflected back by the laser reflection plate (20); when the laser light is irradiated onto the diffuse reflection plate, the laser transceiver receives the reflected laser signal through diffuse reflection of the diffuse reflection plate; A laser reflection plate (20) for diffusely reflecting the laser light specularly reflected by the laser reflector (30); There are at least three fixing frames, which are fixed at different monitoring points of the same monitoring section of the tunnel respectively; and the total number of laser transceivers (10), laser reflectors (30) and laser reflective plates (20) is the same as the number of fixing frames; a stabilizing groove is provided on the inner side of the fixing frame, and the laser transceiver (10), laser reflector (30) and laser reflective plate (20) are respectively located in the stabilizing grooves of different fixing frames; An incident angle stabilizer (50) corresponds to the fixing frame one by one and is installed on the inner side of the stabilizing groove; the incident angle stabilizer (50) is used to stabilize the angle between the laser emitted by the laser transceiver (10) and the horizontal plane, the horizontality of the laser reflector (30), and the angle between the laser reflector plate (20) and the horizontal plane; the deformation monitoring device concentrates the reference positions of multiple groups of monitoring points on a group of laser reflectors, and then measures the laser path length by selecting the laser reflector to perform mirror reflection or diffuse reflection on the laser; and then calculates the displacement distance of the laser transceiver and the laser reflector plate by the laser path length and the settlement size of the laser reflector measured by the level.

2. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The laser reflector (30) comprises: A fixed shell (31), which is mounted on the incident angle stabilizer (50) and has a mirror groove on a side away from the incident angle stabilizer (50); An electrically controlled dimming mirror (33) is mounted on the inner side of the mirror groove and on a side away from the top wall of the mirror groove; A reflective plate (32) mounted on the inner side of the mirror groove and used for diffusely reflecting the laser light passing through the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33); A lens controller (34) is mounted on the outside of the fixed shell (31) and is electrically connected to the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33); After the lens controller (34) is connected to the power supply of the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33), the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33) performs mirror reflection on the laser; after the lens controller (34) is disconnected from the power supply of the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33), the laser can penetrate the electrically controlled dimming mirror (33).

3. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The number of the fixing frames is three, five or seven; wherein the number of the laser reflector (30) is one and is located at the lower side of the tunnel vault; the number of the laser transceivers (10) and the laser reflection plates (20) are the same, and the same group of laser transceivers (10) and laser reflection plates (20) are symmetrical about the laser reflectors (30).

4. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: An angle adjuster (60) is installed on the upper side of the incident angle stabilizer (50), and the laser transceiver (10), the laser reflector (30) and the laser reflection plate (20) are all connected to the incident angle stabilizer (50) via the angle adjuster (60).

5. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The angle adjuster (60) comprises: A base plate (62) having a pressing groove formed on its upper side and a cylindrical hole formed through the lower wall of the pressing groove; A pressing plate (63), one end of which is hinged to the base plate (62), and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the base plate (62) via bolts; An adapter column (61) has an upper end passing through the cylindrical hole; a flange plate (611) is provided on the outer side of the adapter column (61), and a pressure plate (63) and a base plate (62) are clamped on the upper and lower sides of the flange plate (611); A bottom plate (64) mounted on the upper side of the base plate (62); A top plate (65) whose lower end is hinged to the bottom plate (64); A base (66) hingedly connected to the upper end of the bottom plate (64); A positioning seat (67) has a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod hingedly connected at its outer end, the other end of the first connecting rod is hingedly connected to the bottom plate (64), and the other end of the second connecting rod is hingedly connected to the top plate (65); a threaded hole is formed through the positioning seat (67); A threaded rod (68) passes through the positioning seat (67) and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole; the optical axis end of the threaded rod (68) is rotatably connected to the base (66).

6. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The fixing frame comprises: A protection box (41), wherein the stabilizing groove is provided on one side of the protection box (41); A support leg (43) mounted on the outside of the protection box (41); The protective cover (42) is detachably connected to the outside of the protective box (41) and is located on the side where the stabilizing groove is opened.

7. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The incident angle stabilizer (50) comprises: A rectangular frame (52) having transverse adjustment shafts disposed on both the front and rear sides thereof; A counterweight ball (51) is provided with a strip plate on its upper side; the upper end of the strip plate passes through the rectangular frame (52), and the left and right sides of the strip plate are provided with longitudinal adjustment shafts rotatably connected to the rectangular frame (52); A seat plate (54) mounted on the upper side of the strip plate; The lower side of the pointing plate (55) is movably connected to the seat plate (54) via a rotating shaft; a pointing groove is provided on the outer side of the pointing plate (55), and a magnet (56) is installed on the inner side of the pointing groove.

8. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser technology according to claim 7 is characterized by: The incident angle stabilizer (50) further comprises an adapter plate (53), and the number of the adapter plates (53) is two groups; the two groups of adapter plates (53) are respectively located at the front and rear sides of the rectangular frame (52), and the lateral adjustment shaft is connected to the adapter plate (53) via a bearing.

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