Method, device and electronic equipment for estimating maximum temperature of battery module

Abstract

The application provides a battery module maximum temperature estimation method, device and electronic equipment, the method comprises the following steps: constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model about a battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model under the condition of considering the maximum temperature and the surface temperature of the battery module to be evaluated; parameter identification is performed on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the first identified parameter of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and the first identified parameter is substituted into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated is obtained in real time, and the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. The maximum temperature of the battery module can be accurately and efficiently estimated, so that the safety performance of the battery module can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system energy storage control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and electronic device for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, with their high energy density, fast response speed, and long cycle life, have become core components in energy storage systems and electric vehicles. Their widespread application has not only driven the rapid development of the new energy industry but also placed more stringent demands on battery safety performance. During battery operation, accurately estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module is crucial to ensuring the stable operation of the battery system.

[0003] As is known from relevant technologies, the maximum temperature of a battery module is often estimated based on an electrocoupling model. However, this estimation process ignores the differences in heat transfer in different directions of the battery or module in three-dimensional space. This simplification leads to the estimation of the maximum temperature being affected by the non-uniform temperature distribution on different surfaces of the battery, thereby reducing the accuracy of the prediction.

[0004] Therefore, finding an accurate and efficient method to estimate the maximum temperature of a battery module has become a current research hotspot. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module, enabling accurate and efficient estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0006] This invention provides a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module. The method includes: constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; performing parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substituting the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; acquiring the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0007] According to the present invention, a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module, wherein estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model specifically includes: determining the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation; estimating the maximum temperature in each surface dimension based on the surface heat transfer and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model; and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperature in each surface dimension.

[0008] According to the present invention, a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module, wherein estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperature in each surface dimension specifically includes: estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the average value of the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension when the deviation between the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range; repeating the steps of redistributing the heat transfer of each surface to obtain the redistributed surface heat transfer, and estimating the maximum temperature in each surface dimension based on the redistributed surface heat transfer and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model, until the deviation between the obtained maximum temperatures in each surface dimension is within the preset range, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the average value of the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension.

[0009] According to the present invention, a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module is provided. The method for redistributing the heat transfer of each surface to obtain the redistributed heat transfer is achieved by: sorting the maximum temperatures of each surface dimension in descending order to obtain a sorting sequence; and distributing a portion of the heat transfer of the surface dimension ranked first in the sorting sequence to the surface dimension ranked last in the sorting sequence.

[0010] According to a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by the present invention, the step of determining the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation specifically includes: distributing the total heat generation according to the surface area of ​​each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, thereby obtaining the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0011] According to a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by the present invention, parameter identification is performed on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. This is achieved by: determining the surface temperature, ambient temperature, and heat transfer of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated; and performing parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model based on the surface temperature, ambient temperature, and heat transfer of each surface to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0012] According to the present invention, a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module is provided, which constructs a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated. This is achieved by discretizing the three-dimensional heat transfer model based on the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated, thereby constructing the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated.

[0013] According to a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by the present invention, after estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated, the method further includes: performing equivalent processing on the battery module to be evaluated to obtain a Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module corresponding to the battery module to be evaluated; performing parameter identification on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module to obtain second identified parameters; substituting the second identified parameters into the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module to obtain a heat generation model of the battery module to be evaluated; obtaining the average battery temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated and the surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; and determining the energy efficiency of the battery module to be evaluated based on the heat generation model and the average battery temperature of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0014] The present invention also provides a device for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module. The device includes: a construction module for constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model of the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; an identification module for identifying parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substituting the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; and an estimation module for acquiring the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0015] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the maximum temperature estimation method of any of the battery modules described above.

[0016] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the maximum temperature estimation method for a battery module as described above.

[0017] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the maximum temperature estimation method for the battery module as described above.

[0018] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module. The method constructs a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated. This three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model characterizes the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module. Parameter identification is performed on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters. These first identified parameters are then substituted into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. The total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated is acquired in real time, and the maximum temperature of the battery module is estimated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. This method enables accurate and efficient estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts illustrating the method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process provided by the present invention for estimating the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process provided by the present invention for estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the highest temperature in each surface dimension.

[0023] Figure 4 This is the second flowchart illustrating the method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by this invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the maximum temperature estimation device for a battery module provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] This invention provides a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module. It establishes a heat generation model that simultaneously considers reversible and irreversible heat, and a three-dimensional dual-state thermal model. The maximum temperature value is then solved based on an optimization algorithm. Feedback loops are incorporated into both the heat generation and thermal models to achieve joint estimation of energy efficiency and maximum temperature, thereby improving the battery management system's sensing capabilities and system safety performance.

[0028] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts illustrating the method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by the present invention.

[0029] The following will combine Figure 1 The process of estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by this invention will be described.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 1 As can be seen, the method for estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module may include steps 110 to 130, and each step will be described below.

[0031] In step 110, a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated is constructed, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the highest temperature and the surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0032] In one embodiment, a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model can be constructed for the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model can be used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the highest temperature and the surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0033] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the construction of a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated can be achieved in the following manner:

[0034] Considering the highest temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module under evaluation, a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is constructed by discretizing the three-dimensional heat transfer model.

[0035] In one embodiment, a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module under evaluation can be constructed based on the discretization of the three-dimensional heat transfer model, taking into account the highest temperature and the temperatures of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0036] It should be noted that,

[0037] The batteries are densely arranged within the module, making every point within the module a potential heat source. Therefore, the heat conduction within the module, i.e., the heat conduction within the module in the three-dimensional heat transfer model, can be described by the following formula (1):

[0038] (1)

[0039] Where ρ represents the density of the lithium-ion battery, C c k represents the specific heat capacity of the core. x k y and k z These represent the thermal conductivity of the battery module in the x, y, and z directions, respectively; d q : represents the heat generated by the micro-element of the battery module; T represents the temperature of the micro-element.

[0040] The heat conduction of the six surfaces of the module, that is, the surfaces in the three-dimensional heat transfer model, can be described by the following formula (2):

[0041] (2)

[0042] Where, k s,i T s, i and h i Let T represent the thermal conductivity, temperature, and convective heat transfer coefficient of the i-th surface, respectively. a 'n' represents the ambient temperature and 'n' represents the direction. When the module contains the same type of battery and the aging differences are negligible, the heat capacity and thermal conductivity in the same direction within the module can be considered uniform.

[0043] Furthermore, by integrating both sides of the above equations (1)-(2) along the directions of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, taking the positive x-axis direction as an example, and applying the heat transfer boundary conditions, that is, discretizing based on the three-dimensional heat transfer model, we can obtain the following expression (3):

[0044] (3)

[0045] Among them, T s,x1 Q represents the temperature of the module surface in the x1 direction; x1 This represents the portion of the total heat Q generated by the module that is transferred in the x1 direction; β x1 This represents the contribution of Qx1 to the heating rate at the highest temperature. Cc and C s，x1 These represent the internal and x1 surface heat capacities of the module, respectively. R c,x1 It is the thermal resistance between the highest temperature point and surface x1, while R u,x1 It is the thermal resistance between the x1 surface and the surrounding airflow; T peak This represents the highest temperature. For the remaining surfaces, similar equations can be written, but the following constraint (4) must be observed:

[0046] (4)

[0047] Where i takes the values ​​x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, and z2. It can be understood that x1 and x2 are two surfaces in opposite directions along the x-axis; y1 and y2 are two surfaces in opposite directions along the y-axis; and z1 and z2 are two surfaces in opposite directions along the z-axis.

[0048] It is understandable that the formulas (3) and (4) above can be considered as the constructed three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0049] In step 120, the parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model are identified to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. The first identified parameters are then substituted into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0050] In step 130, the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated is acquired in real time, and the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0051] In one embodiment, in order to estimate the highest temperature in the module, it is first necessary to determine the parameters in the thermal model (corresponding to the first identified parameters), that is, to perform parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and then substitute the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0052] Furthermore, the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated is acquired in real time, and the heat transfer of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated is obtained based on the total heat generation. Then, based on the heat transfer of each surface and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated.

[0053] The present invention provides a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module. This method constructs a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module under evaluation. The three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model characterizes the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module. Parameter identification is performed on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the first identified parameters. These first identified parameters are then substituted into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. The total heat generation of the battery module under evaluation is acquired in real time, and based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, the maximum temperature of the battery module under evaluation is estimated. This method enables accurate and efficient estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process provided by the present invention for estimating the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0055] The following will combine Figure 2 The process of estimating the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model provided by the present invention will be described.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 2 As can be seen, estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model may include steps 210 to 230, and each step will be described below.

[0057] In step 210, based on the total heat generation, the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated is determined.

[0058] In one embodiment, the surface heat transfer of the total heat generated can be determined based on the total heat generated, thereby laying the foundation for estimating the highest temperature of the battery module under evaluation by combining the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0059] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, based on the total heat generation, can be determined in the following manner:

[0060] Based on the surface area of ​​each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, the total heat generation is distributed to obtain the heat transfer on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0061] In one embodiment, initially, the surface area of ​​each surface of each battery module to be evaluated can be proportionally allocated to obtain the surface heat transfer of the total heat generated on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, thus ensuring initial equilibrium. The following iterative adjustment process may be adopted later, taking into account computational efficiency and solution accuracy.

[0062] In step 220, the highest temperature in each surface dimension is estimated based on the heat transfer of each surface and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0063] In step 230, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated based on the highest temperature in each surface dimension.

[0064] In another embodiment, the maximum temperature in each surface dimension can be estimated based on the heat transfer on each surface and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. That is, if the heat Q transferred from the maximum temperature point to the x1 direction is known... x1 (Corresponding to surface heat transfer), then by solving the formula of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model of the target, the estimated maximum temperature of the thermal model in that direction can be obtained. (The highest temperature in each surface dimension). Similarly, by identifying the thermal model parameters in the other five directions, the corresponding highest temperature values ​​can be calculated. , , , , Furthermore, the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated can be estimated based on the calculated maximum temperature value.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process provided by the present invention for estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the highest temperature in each surface dimension.

[0066] The following will combine Figure 3 The process of estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperature in each surface dimension is explained.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in conjunction with Figure 3 As can be seen, estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperature in each surface dimension may include steps 310 and 320, which will be described in detail below.

[0068] In step 310, the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range. Based on the average value of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated.

[0069] It should be noted that since the highest temperature of the battery module being evaluated is singular, ideally, the highest temperature should be the same across all surface dimensions. In practical applications, if the deviation between the highest temperatures across different surface dimensions is within a preset range, that is... , , , , , The deviation is small and within the preset range, which can be considered as error-free. Therefore, the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated can be estimated based on the average of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension. The preset range can be adjusted according to the actual situation and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0070] In step 320, if the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is outside a preset range, the steps of redistributing the heat transfer of each surface to obtain the redistributed surface heat transfer, and estimating the highest temperature in each surface dimension based on the redistributed surface heat transfer and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model are repeated until the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range. Based on the average value of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated.

[0071] In another embodiment, if the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is not within a preset range, i.e. , , , , , If the deviation is large, it is likely due to the heat transfer parameter Qaxis={Q x1 Q x2 Q y1 Q y2 Q z1 Q z2 This is caused by an unreasonable setting of surface heat transfer, so an optimization algorithm is needed to adjust the estimated maximum temperature.

[0072] In another embodiment, the steps of redistributing the heat transfer of each surface to obtain the redistributed heat transfer, and estimating the highest temperature in each surface dimension based on the redistributed heat transfer and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model, can be repeated until the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range, and the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated based on the average of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension.

[0073] During the application process, the thermal model parameters for each direction are determined and estimated. Then, 5% of the heat from the three directions with the highest temperatures can be redistributed to the three directions with the lowest heat output. This redistribution process is repeated iteratively until the deviation of the highest temperature in all directions is minimized, that is, until the deviation between the highest temperatures obtained in each surface dimension is within a preset range. Then, based on the average of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated. This results in a more balanced heat distribution and higher estimation accuracy.

[0074] It should be noted that the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension within the preset range can be expressed by the following formulas (5)-(6), where (6) is a constraint of (5):

[0075] (5)

[0076] (6)

[0077] in, This indicates the highest temperature across each surface dimension. Q represents the average of the highest temperatures across all surface dimensions; n represents the number of highest temperatures across all surface dimensions; i Q represents the surface heat transfer; Q represents the total heat production.

[0078] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the preceding text continues... Figure 3 The above embodiment is used as an example for illustration. The redistribution of heat transfer across surfaces to obtain the redistributed surface heat transfer can be achieved in the following way:

[0079] The highest temperatures in each surface dimension are sorted in descending order to obtain a sorted sequence;

[0080] A portion of the surface heat transfer of the surface dimension ranked first in the sorting sequence is allocated to the surface heat transfer of the surface dimension ranked last in the sorting sequence.

[0081] In one embodiment, 5% of the heat from the three directions with the highest temperatures can be redistributed to the three directions with the lowest heat output. This means that a portion of the surface heat transfer on the surface dimensions ranked at the top preset position in the sorting sequence is allocated to the surface heat transfer on the surface dimensions ranked at the bottom preset position in the sorting sequence. Here, "top preset position" refers to the first three positions in the sorting sequence, and "bottom preset position" refers to the last three positions in the sorting sequence.

[0082] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the preceding text continues... Figure 1 The above embodiment will be used as an example to illustrate how parameter identification of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model can be performed to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. This can be achieved in the following way:

[0083] Determine the surface temperature, ambient temperature, and heat transfer of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated;

[0084] Based on surface temperature, ambient temperature, and heat transfer on each surface, the parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model are identified, and the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model are obtained.

[0085] In one embodiment, to estimate the highest temperature in the module, it is first necessary to determine the parameters in the thermal model, i.e., the first identified parameters. It is understood that, for formula (3), the first identified parameter to be identified could be β. x1 .C c ;R c,x1 C s,x1 ;R u,x1 Taking the x1 direction as an example, the transfer function can be written as formula (7):

[0086] (7)

[0087] After applying the Z-transform, the discrete equation can be expressed as formula (8):

[0088] (8)

[0089] in:

[0090] ;

[0091] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the subscript k represents time k. Q x1 (k) represents the surface heat transfer under surface x1 at time k, that is, the portion of the total heat Q generated by the module at time k that is transferred in the x1 direction. a (k) represents the ambient temperature at time k; T s,x1(k) represents the temperature of the module surface in the x1 direction at time k, that is, the surface temperature at time k.

[0092] Furthermore, it can be defined as follows:

[0093] ;

[0094] Therefore:

[0095] Based on this, parameter identification of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model was completed, and the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model were obtained, that is, the first identified parameters β that need to be identified were obtained. x1 .C c ;R c,x1 C s,x1 ;R u,x1 .

[0096] Figure 4 This is the second flowchart illustrating the method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by this invention.

[0097] The following will combine Figure 4 The process of another method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module is explained.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 4 As can be seen, after estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated, the method for estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module also includes steps 410 to 450, which will be described in detail below:

[0099] In step 410, the battery module to be evaluated is subjected to equivalent processing to obtain the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module corresponding to the battery module to be evaluated.

[0100] In step 420, the parameters of the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module are identified to obtain the second identified parameters.

[0101] In step 430, the second identified parameters are substituted into the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module to obtain the heat generation model of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0102] In step 440, the average temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is obtained based on the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated and the surface temperatures of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0103] In step 450, the energy efficiency of the battery module to be evaluated is determined based on the heat generation model and the average battery temperature of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0104] In one embodiment, the battery module to be evaluated can be subjected to equivalent processing to obtain a Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module corresponding to the battery module to be evaluated. The heat generation rate within the battery module can be described by the following formula (9):

[0105] (9)

[0106] Where Q represents the total heat production rate; Uo c represents the open-circuit voltage; I L Indicates the charging or discharging current of the battery; T ave It represents the average temperature of the entire battery, determined by the average of the highest temperature and the surface temperature; U t This indicates the battery's terminal voltage.

[0107] The two terms on the right side of equation (9) correspond to irreversible heat and reversible heat, respectively. Based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module, the above equation can be expressed as formula (10):

[0108] (10)

[0109] (11)

[0110] Where R0 represents the ohmic internal resistance of the battery; the variable Rp describes the polarization effect of the module and is the second post-identification parameter to be identified; U t,k I represents the battery terminal voltage at time k; L,k Q represents the charging or discharging current of the battery at time k; k Let k represent the total heat generated by the battery at time k. It can be understood that formulas (10) and (11) can be expressed as the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module, corresponding to the heat generation model. The parameters of the equivalent circuit model can be estimated using the least squares method with a forgetting factor.

[0111] Understandably, Q k That is, Q in formula (10) is based on the average temperature of the entire battery. T ave Calculations show that, during application, the average temperature of the battery module under evaluation can be obtained based on its highest temperature and the surface temperatures of each surface. T ave Furthermore, by combining formulas (10) and (11), that is, based on the heat generation model and the average battery temperature of the battery module to be evaluated, the energy efficiency η of the battery module to be evaluated can be determined. k .

[0112] As described above, the method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by this invention constructs a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated. This three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model characterizes the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module. Parameter identification is performed on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the first identified parameters. These first identified parameters are then substituted into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model. The total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated is acquired in real time, and based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated. This method enables accurate and efficient estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0113] The maximum temperature estimation device for a battery module provided by the present invention is described below. The maximum temperature estimation device for a battery module described below can be referred to in correspondence with the maximum temperature estimation method for a battery module described above.

[0114] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the maximum temperature estimation device for a battery module provided by the present invention.

[0115] The following will combine Figure 5 The structure of the maximum temperature estimation device for a battery module provided by the present invention will be described.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 5 As can be seen, the maximum temperature estimation device for the battery module may include a construction module 510, an identification module 520, and an estimation module 530. Each module will be described below.

[0117] The construction module 510 can be configured to construct a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the highest temperature and the surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0118] The identification module 520 can be configured to perform parameter identification on the three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model, obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model, and substitute the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model to obtain the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0119] The estimation module 530 can be configured to acquire the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimate the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model.

[0120] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the estimation module 530 can estimate the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model in the following manner:

[0121] Based on the total heat generation, determine the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0122] Based on the surface heat transfer and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model, the highest temperature in each surface dimension is estimated.

[0123] The highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated based on the highest temperature in each surface dimension.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the estimation module 530 may estimate the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperature in each surface dimension in the following manner:

[0125] The deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range. Based on the average of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated.

[0126] If the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is outside a preset range, the steps of redistributing the heat transfer of each surface to obtain the redistributed surface heat transfer, and estimating the highest temperature in each surface dimension based on the redistributed surface heat transfer and the target three-dimensional dual-state heat transfer model are repeated until the deviation between the highest temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range. Based on the average value of the highest temperatures in each surface dimension, the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated.

[0127] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the estimation module 530 may redistribute the heat transfer of each surface to obtain the redistributed surface heat transfer in the following manner:

[0128] The highest temperatures in each surface dimension are sorted in descending order to obtain a sorted sequence;

[0129] A portion of the surface heat transfer of the surface dimension ranked first in the sorting sequence is allocated to the surface heat transfer of the surface dimension ranked last in the sorting sequence.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the estimation module 530 may determine the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation in the following manner:

[0131] The total heat generation is distributed according to the surface area of ​​each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, so as to obtain the surface heat transfer of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the identification module 520 can perform parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model in the following manner to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model:

[0133] Determine the surface temperature, ambient temperature, and heat transfer of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated;

[0134] Based on the surface temperature, the ambient temperature, and the heat transfer of each surface, the parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model are identified to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the construction module 510 may construct a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model of the battery module to be evaluated in the following manner:

[0136] Taking into account the highest temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated, a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is constructed by discretizing the three-dimensional heat transfer model.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the estimation module 530 may further be configured to:

[0138] The battery module to be evaluated is subjected to equivalent processing to obtain the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module corresponding to the battery module to be evaluated.

[0139] The parameters of the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module are identified to obtain the second identified parameters;

[0140] Substituting the second identified parameters into the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of the battery module, the heat generation model of the battery module to be evaluated is obtained.

[0141] Based on the highest temperature of the battery module to be evaluated and the surface temperatures of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated, the average battery temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is obtained.

[0142] Based on the heat generation model and the average battery temperature of the battery module to be evaluated, the energy efficiency of the battery module to be evaluated is determined.

[0143] Figure 6 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, such as... Figure 6As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 610, a communications interface 620, a memory 630, and a communication bus 640, wherein the processor 610, communications interface 620, and memory 630 communicate with each other via the communication bus 640. The processor 610 can call logical instructions in the memory 630 to execute a method for estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module. This method includes: constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; performing parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substituting the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; acquiring the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0144] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 630 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0145] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the maximum temperature estimation method for the battery module provided by the above methods. The method includes: constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; performing parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a first identified parameter of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substituting the first identified parameter into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; acquiring the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0146] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for estimating the maximum temperature of a battery module provided by the methods described above. This method includes: constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model for the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to characterize the heat transfer model considering the maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; performing parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substituting the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; acquiring the total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

[0147] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0148] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0149] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of estimating a maximum temperature of a battery module, the method comprising: The method comprises: constructing a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model of a battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to represent a heat transfer model considering a maximum temperature and surface temperatures of the battery module to be evaluated; performing parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substituting the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; real-time obtaining of total heat generation of the battery module to be evaluated, and estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, wherein the estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model comprises: determining, based on the total heat generation, surface heat transfer amounts of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated; estimating, based on the surface heat transfer amounts and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, maximum temperatures in each surface dimension; estimating, based on the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension, the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated, wherein the estimation of the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension comprises: when a deviation between the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension is within a preset range, estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on an average value of the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension; when the deviation between the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension is outside the preset range, repeatedly performing the steps of redistributing the surface heat transfer amounts to obtain redistributed surface heat transfer amounts, and estimating the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension based on the redistributed surface heat transfer amounts and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model until the deviation between the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension is within the preset range, and estimating the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on an average value of the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein The redistribution of the surface heat transfer amounts to obtain the redistributed surface heat transfer amounts is achieved in the following manner: sorting the maximum temperatures in each surface dimension in descending order to obtain a sorting sequence; redistributing part of the heat of the surface heat transfer amounts of the surface dimensions in the front preset number of positions in the sorting sequence to the surface heat transfer amounts of the surface dimensions in the rear preset number of positions in the sorting sequence.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein The determination of the surface heat transfer amounts of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation comprises: distributing the total heat generation according to surface areas of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated to obtain the surface heat transfer amounts of the total heat generation on each surface of the battery module to be evaluated.

4. The method of claim 1 to 3, wherein The parameter identification on the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain the first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is achieved in the following manner: determining surface temperatures, ambient temperatures, and surface heat transfer amounts of each surface of the battery module to be evaluated; The three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is parameter-identified based on the surface temperature, the ambient temperature and each surface heat transfer amount, to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

5. The method of claim 1 to 3, wherein The three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model about the battery module to be evaluated is constructed, and the following method is adopted to achieve the same: The three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model about the battery module to be evaluated is constructed by discretizing the three-dimensional heat transfer model under the condition of considering the maximum temperature and each surface temperature of the battery module to be evaluated.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein After the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is estimated, the method further includes: The battery module to be evaluated is equivalently processed to obtain a battery module Thevenin equivalent circuit model corresponding to the battery module to be evaluated; The battery module Thevenin equivalent circuit model is parameter-identified to obtain second identified parameters; The second identified parameters are substituted into the battery module Thevenin equivalent circuit model to obtain a heat generation model of the battery module to be evaluated; The battery average temperature of the battery module to be evaluated is obtained based on the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated and each surface temperature of the battery module to be evaluated; The energy efficiency of the battery module to be evaluated is determined based on the heat generation model and the battery average temperature of the battery module to be evaluated.

7. A device for estimating a maximum temperature of a battery module, characterized by, The device is used to implement the maximum temperature estimation method of the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the device includes: A construction module is configured to construct a three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model about a battery module to be evaluated, wherein the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model is used to represent a heat transfer model under the condition of considering the maximum temperature and each surface temperature of the battery module to be evaluated; An identification module is configured to parameter-identify the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain first identified parameters of the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model, and substitute the first identified parameters into the three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model to obtain a target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model; An estimation module is configured to acquire a total heat generation amount of the battery module to be evaluated in real time, and estimate the maximum temperature of the battery module to be evaluated based on the total heat generation amount and the target three-dimensional two-state heat transfer model.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the maximum temperature estimation method of the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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