A method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of communication cable data analysis, and specifically discloses a method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data. By dividing a long-distance communication cable into multiple communication segments, monitoring the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment to adjust the repeater gain of the current communication segment, and at the same time collecting the line environment status of the current communication segment and comparing the environmental status of the subsequent communication segments for similarity, the signal attenuation of similar communication segments is predicted based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment. Subsequently, the predicted signal attenuation is compared with the actual measurement value. When the prediction deviation is within a reasonable range, the subsequent communication segments with similar environmental conditions are pre-adjusted using the optimized repeater parameters, thereby realizing the optimization of the repeater based on reference control. When the prediction deviation is unreasonable, a cable structure defect detection is triggered for the communication segments with similar environmental conditions, and potential cable structure risks can be detected in a timely manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of communication cable data analysis, and specifically discloses a method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of data demand in modern society, communication systems are facing increasingly stringent requirements for data transmission speed and capacity. In this context, long-distance communication cables, with their extremely high bandwidth and excellent transmission rate, have become a key infrastructure to support large-scale data transmission. However, since signals will attenuate during long-distance transmission, repeaters are usually installed in long-distance communication cables to achieve signal regeneration and enhancement, ensuring the integrity and reliability of data throughout the transmission path.

[0003] In the prior art, the scheme of using repeaters to enhance communication signal transmission has been applied. For example, Chinese Patent Invention CN111522768B discloses a USB Type-C active cable, which performs clock reconstruction and signal compensation on the signals transmitted by the data lines through an internal repeater, reducing jitter and extending the transmission distance of high-speed signals.

[0004] Another example is the Chinese Patent Invention with the publication number CN104102606A, which discloses a method for long-distance transmission of PCI-EXPRESS signals. By installing a relay signal enhancement board on a high-speed differential signal cable, signal pre-emphasis and equalization processing are performed to improve transmission reliability, especially suitable for communication in long-distance and harsh environments.

[0005] Although these schemes can effectively achieve signal compensation, they have the following deficiencies: 1. Low control efficiency of the repeater: Due to the differences in the length and environmental conditions of each section of the communication cable, the signal attenuation degree of each section of the cable is different. To achieve targeted adjustment of the repeater, the system needs to monitor a large amount of data in real time and perform separate data processing on each section of the communication line. This repeated processing not only prolongs the control time of the repeater, increases the complexity of the control process, but also significantly improves the response time and computational burden of the system, resulting in low control efficiency of the repeater.

[0006] 2. Ignoring the problem of cable aging: The signal attenuation of communication cables is not only affected by cable length and environmental factors, but also closely related to the aging of the cables. Relying solely on signal attenuation to control the repeater makes it difficult to identify the aging situation of the cables in a timely manner. In the long run, this may lead to the aging of the cables not being detected in time, further exacerbating signal attenuation, resulting in a decline in communication quality, and even possible communication interruption, affecting the stability and reliability of the communication system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To this end, an object of an embodiment of the present application is to provide a communication cable data acquisition and analysis method for a repeater in a long-distance communication cable. By using the signal attenuation situation of the current communication segment to adjust the gain of the repeater and comparing the similarity of the cable environment conditions of the current communication segment with those of the subsequent communication segments, it is possible to optimize the control of subsequent communication segments with similar environmental conditions based on the adjusted repeater parameters, achieving reference control of the long-distance communication cable repeater, significantly improving the control efficiency and response speed of the repeater, and thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A communication cable data acquisition and analysis method includes the following steps: (1) Divide the entire communication line into several communication segments according to the repeater layout diagram of the long-distance communication line. Each communication segment corresponds to a repeater, and number the communication segments in order from the starting point to the ending point of the communication line.

[0009] (2) Deploy environmental perception devices in each communication segment to collect the line environmental status in real time, and detect the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment in the order of the communication segment numbers to obtain the signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio data.

[0010] (3) Adjust the gain of the repeater according to the signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment.

[0011] (4) Perform similarity recognition on the line environmental status of the next communication segment and the current communication segment. If the line environmental status is similar, execute (5); otherwise, execute (6).

[0012] (5) Predict the signal attenuation amount of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation amount of the current communication segment, and compare it with the actual signal attenuation amount of the next communication segment to make a reasonable deviation judgment. If the deviation is reasonable, adjust the gain of the repeater in the next communication segment according to the gain setting of the repeater in the current communication segment. If the deviation is unreasonable, trigger the cable structure defect detection of the next communication segment.

[0013] (6) Similarly, detect the signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment to adjust the gain of the repeater, and continuously perform similarity comparison of the line environmental status between the current communication segment and the subsequent communication segments and follow-up adjustment of the repeater gain during the detection process until the similarity comparison of the line environmental status of the last communication segment is completed.

[0014] Combining all the above technical solutions, the positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention divides the long-distance communication cable into multiple communication segments according to the positions of repeaters, monitors the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of each segment in real time, and dynamically adjusts the repeater gain. At the same time, the environmental status of the current communication segment is collected and compared with that of the subsequent segment for similarity. Based on the signal attenuation of the current segment, the attenuation of the subsequent similar segment is predicted. If the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value is reasonable, the optimized repeater gain is applied to pre-adjust the subsequent segment, thereby realizing the optimization of the repeater under reference control and greatly improving the control efficiency and response speed.

[0015] 2. When the prediction deviation is unreasonable, the present invention triggers the detection of cable structure defects in the communication segments with similar environmental conditions. By analyzing the detected cable structure defect data, the risk of the cable structure is evaluated, and corresponding warning information is generated for risk warning. This process can timely detect potential cable structure risks, maximize the avoidance of aggravated signal attenuation, thereby effectively improving communication quality, reducing the incidence of communication interruption, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the following drawings without creative efforts.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method implementation steps of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the division of communication segments in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of adjusting the gain of the repeater according to the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment in the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1 - starting point of the communication line, 2 - repeater, 3 - end point of the communication line, 4 - signal transmission direction, 5 - communication segment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] See Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present invention proposes a method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data, including the following steps: (1) Divide the entire communication line into several communication segments according to the repeater layout diagram of the long-distance communication line. Each communication segment corresponds to a repeater, and the communication segments are numbered in order from the starting point to the ending point of the communication line.

[0023] The above numbering of the communication segments is based on the physical direction of the communication line, from the starting point (i.e., the data sending end) to the ending point (i.e., the data receiving end), which reflects the transmission order of signals in the communication line. At the same time, the number of each communication segment is unique, ensuring that each segment can be accurately identified and located throughout the communication system. This helps to quickly locate problems during fault troubleshooting, performance optimization, and maintenance operations.

[0024] Applied to the above solution, dividing the entire communication line into several communication segments is as follows: Capture the installation positions of the repeaters according to the repeater layout diagram of the long-distance communication line, and define the communication cable between adjacent repeaters as a communication segment. This makes each communication segment bounded by two adjacent repeaters, as shown in Figure 2 the figure.

[0025] Each communication segment uses the repeater in its signal transmission direction as the repeater of this communication segment.

[0026] It should be noted that the repeater of each communication segment is responsible for signal amplification and enhancement within that segment.

[0027] It should be added that the communication line mentioned in the present invention uses cables of the same specification, that is, the cable materials and diameters of all communication segments are kept consistent. This ensures that no additional variables are introduced due to differences in cable materials or thicknesses when predicting the signal attenuation amount, thus avoiding possible prediction interference caused thereby.

[0028] (2) Deploy environmental perception devices in each communication segment to collect the line environmental status in real time, and perform signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio detection on the current communication segment in the order of the communication segment numbers to obtain signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio data.

[0029] In the specific implementation of the above solution, the environmental perception devices include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, electromagnetic field strength meters, etc. Among them, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature changes around the communication cable in real time, the humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity level in the air, the vibration sensor is used to detect the mechanical vibration around the communication cable, and the electromagnetic field strength meter is used to measure the electromagnetic field strength in the surrounding environment.

[0030] In a further specific implementation of the above solution, the specific method for collecting the line environment status is as follows: environmental perception devices are used to collect the line environment parameters of each communication section during the specified collection period to form multiple data of each item of line environment parameters in each communication section.

[0031] The line environment parameters collected above are temperature, humidity, vibration frequency, and electromagnetic field strength. The specific reason for using temperature, humidity, vibration frequency, and electromagnetic field strength as line environment parameters is that temperature, humidity, vibration frequency, and electromagnetic field strength are key environmental factors affecting the signal attenuation of communication lines. Changes in these parameters will directly or indirectly affect the physical structure, electrical performance, and signal transmission quality of communication cables, resulting in signal attenuation to varying degrees. Specifically, an increase in temperature will cause an increase in the resistance of metal conductors (such as copper and aluminum). According to the relationship between resistance and temperature (i.e., resistance increases linearly with temperature), high temperature will reduce the current transmission efficiency in the conductor, thereby increasing the energy loss during signal transmission and resulting in signal attenuation. In a high-humidity environment, moisture may penetrate into the insulation layer of the cable, causing a decrease in insulation resistance. The presence of moisture will increase the leakage path and reduce the insulation performance of the cable, thereby causing signal attenuation. Mechanical vibration may damage the physical structure of the cable. Vibration will exacerbate the wear and aging of the cable, loosen the internal structure of the cable, and increase the instability of signal transmission, resulting in signal attenuation. Electromagnetic fields can enter communication cables through inductive coupling, especially in unshielded cables. Electromagnetic interference will be directly superimposed on the communication signal. If the anti-interference design of the communication cable is insufficient, the cable cannot effectively resist external interference when the electromagnetic field strength is too high, resulting in signal attenuation.

[0032] In addition, when collecting line environment parameters, multiple samples are taken during the specified collection period. For example, multiple data collections are performed within 5 minutes. This approach aims to avoid random errors that may exist in single collections and obtain more stable and accurate line environment parameters through multiple samplings. This can provide real and reliable data support for subsequent similarity comparisons of environmental parameters with other communication sections.

[0033] In another specific implementation of the above solution, the detection of the signal attenuation amount of a communication section can be achieved by measuring the signal strength difference between both ends of the communication section using a signal strength monitoring device; for the detection of the signal-to-noise ratio, a spectrum analyzer can be used to scan the signal spectrum in the communication link, measure the signal power and noise power, and then calculate the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, modern communication devices usually have a built-in signal-to-noise ratio monitoring function that can provide signal-to-noise ratio data in real time.

[0034] (3) See Figure 3As shown, the gain of the repeater is adjusted according to the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment. The specific operation is as follows: the lower limit gain and upper limit gain of the repeater are determined according to the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment respectively, thereby the lower limit gain and upper limit gain of the repeater constitute the gain adjustment range of the repeater.

[0035] It should be noted that the repeater gain mentioned above refers to the degree to which the repeater amplifies or enhances the input signal during signal transmission. By adjusting the repeater's gain, you can compensate for signal attenuation during transmission, ensuring that the signal remains strong enough after long-distance transmission. However, higher gain is not necessarily better. Excessive gain may cause signal distortion, noise amplification, or saturation, which in turn reduces communication quality. Therefore, the gain setting needs to be adjusted appropriately based on the actual signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0036] The above-mentioned bottom gain determined by the signal attenuation should compensate for the signal attenuation of the communication segment to ensure that the output signal strength is not lower than the minimum threshold required by the communication protocol or application. ,in Indicates the gain corresponding to a unit of signal attenuation. The safety margin is to cope with possible environmental changes or sudden interference. Usually, a certain safety margin (such as 3-5dB) is added to the minimum gain to ensure that the signal strength always meets the requirements.

[0037] The upper limit gain determined based on the signal-to-noise ratio is to ensure that the amplified signal does not introduce too much noise, causing the signal-to-noise ratio to be lower than the target value. ,in Indicates the gain corresponding to a unit signal-to-noise ratio difference. The specific gain can be obtained from the repeater's instructions.

[0038] The lower limit gain and upper limit gain constitute the gain adjustment range of the repeater. Within this range, the gain of the repeater can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs to ensure the optimal balance between signal quality and transmission performance.

[0039] The gain is gradually increased within the gain adjustment range of the repeater, and the signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength of the output signal are detected after the gain is increased. The signal-to-noise ratio compliance and signal strength compliance after each gain adjustment are calculated by comparing with the normal signal-to-noise ratio and normal signal strength of the communication line.

[0040] The normal signal-to-noise ratio and normal signal strength of the communication line mentioned above can usually be obtained according to the line design specifications.

[0041] The calculation formula for the signal-to-noise ratio compliance in the above is: , where Indicates the signal-to-noise ratio compliance, represents the normal signal-to-noise ratio, Represents the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal after each increase in gain.

[0042] A feasible embodiment, based on the data simulation calculation of the above signal-to-noise ratio compliance, obtains the corresponding simulation calculation results. Some of the simulation results can be referred to in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1: Simulation calculation results of partial signal-to-noise ratio compliance

[0044]

[0045] It can be seen from the data simulation results in Table 1 that when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal after each increase in gain does not reach the normal signal-to-noise ratio, the closer it is to the normal signal-to-noise ratio, the greater the signal-to-noise ratio compliance.

[0046] The calculation of the signal strength compliance can be analogously referred to the calculation of the signal-to-noise ratio compliance.

[0047] After each gain adjustment, the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and the signal strength compliance are respectively compared with the preset compliance for passing the standard. Exemplarily, the compliance for passing the standard is 90%. If the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and the signal strength compliance after a certain gain adjustment both reach the compliance for passing the standard, the gain value of this time is marked as the effective gain, and the number of all effective gains is counted. If there is only one effective gain, directly use this gain value as the adaptive adjustment gain of the repeater. If there are multiple effective gains, select the smallest effective gain as the adaptive adjustment gain of the repeater.

[0048] It should be understood that when there are multiple gains that meet the double standards, the smallest gain is preferentially selected to reduce unnecessary amplification and potential noise introduction.

[0049] If there is no case where the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and the signal strength compliance after any gain adjustment both reach the compliance for passing the standard, the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and the signal strength compliance after each gain adjustment are weighted and averaged to obtain the signal transmission effect coefficient after each gain adjustment.

[0050] The weight factors corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and the signal strength compliance in the above weighted average calculation can be 0.4 and 0.6. This is because the signal strength is more critical during signal transmission, as it determines whether the data can be successfully transmitted. Therefore, a higher weight needs to be given to the signal strength.

[0051] Compare the signal transmission effect coefficients after each gain adjustment, and thus select the gain value of the gain adjustment to which the maximum signal transmission effect coefficient belongs as the adaptive adjustment gain of the repeater.

[0052] It should be understood that the signal transmission effect coefficient is obtained by weighted average calculation of the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and the signal strength compliance after each gain adjustment. Among them, the signal transmission effect coefficient comprehensively considers two key indicators of the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal strength, and can more comprehensively evaluate the communication quality after each gain adjustment, and can avoid the situation where a single indicator of the signal-to-noise ratio or the signal strength is too high or too low in some cases. For example, a certain gain value may make the signal-to-noise ratio very close to the normal value, but the signal strength is much lower than the normal value, or vice versa. Through comprehensive evaluation, a more balanced gain value can be found. Selecting the gain value corresponding to the maximum signal transmission effect coefficient can optimize the performance of the communication system as much as possible when it does not fully meet the standard. Even if the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal strength do not fully reach the preset compliance, a relatively optimal gain value can still be selected to ensure that the communication quality is as close to the ideal state as possible.

[0053] (4) Perform similarity recognition on the line environment status of the next communication segment and the line environment status of the current communication segment. If the line environment status is similar, execute (5); otherwise, execute (6).

[0054] In the preferred implementation of the above solution, the line environment status similarity recognition operation is as follows: The multiple data of each line environment parameter corresponding to the current communication segment and the next communication segment in the specified acquisition period respectively form the presentation interval of each line environment parameter, where the presentation interval represents the value range of the parameter during this time period.

[0055] After performing intersection operation and union operation item by item on the presentation interval of each line environment parameter corresponding to the next communication segment and the presentation interval of each line environment parameter corresponding to the current communication segment, the similarity of each line environment parameter is statistically obtained, where .

[0056] The above intersection represents the overlapping part of the two communication segments on this parameter, reflecting the common characteristics between them. The union represents the total coverage range of the two communication segments on this parameter, reflecting the overall differences between them.

[0057] Perform weighted average calculation on the similarities of each line environment parameter to obtain the line environment similarity between the next communication segment and the current communication segment.

[0058] It should be noted that when performing weighted average calculation on the similarities of each line environment parameter, the weights assigned to temperature, humidity, vibration frequency, and electromagnetic field strength can be 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.3. This is because temperature and electromagnetic field strength have a greater impact on communication quality, so higher weights can be assigned, and humidity and vibration frequency have a relatively smaller impact on communication quality, so medium weights can be assigned.

[0059] Compare the line environment similarity between the next communication segment and the current communication segment with the set similarity threshold. Exemplarily, the similarity threshold is 0.8. If the line environment similarity reaches the similarity threshold, it is recognized that the line environment states of the next communication segment and the current communication segment are similar; otherwise, it is recognized that the line environment states of the next communication segment and the current communication segment are dissimilar.

[0060] (5)Predict the signal attenuation of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment, and compare it with the actual signal attenuation of the next communication segment to conduct a reasonable deviation evaluation. If the deviation is reasonable, adjust the gain of the repeater in the next communication segment according to the gain setting of the repeater in the current communication segment; if the deviation is unreasonable, trigger the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment.

[0061] In the way that the above solution can be implemented, the process of predicting the signal attenuation of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment is as follows: Calculate the difference between the length of the current communication segment and the length of the next communication segment. If the length difference meets the preset similar length difference, directly use the signal attenuation of the current communication segment to predict the signal attenuation of the next communication segment; if the length difference exceeds the similar length difference, calculate the signal attenuation per unit length of the current communication segment and multiply it by the length of the next communication segment to predict the signal attenuation of the next communication segment.

[0062] Exemplarily, the similar length difference is 1 cm.

[0063] It should be added that when a communication segment similar to the current communication segment is recognized based on the line environment state of the current communication segment, the signal attenuation of the current communication segment can be used to predict the signal attenuation of the similar communication segment. This prediction is based on the communication segment length. On the premise that it is assumed that the cable materials and diameters of all communication segments remain the same, if the current communication segment and the similar communication segment are very close in terms of length and line environment state, it can be considered that they have high similarity in signal attenuation characteristics. In this case, the signal attenuation of the current communication segment can be directly used as the predicted signal attenuation of the similar communication segment. Since their lengths and environmental conditions are similar, the change trends of the signal attenuation should also be similar. This method simplifies the prediction process, reduces the computational complexity, and usually has high accuracy in the case of similar lengths and environmental conditions.

[0064] If the length of the current communication segment is different from that of the similar communication segment, but the line environment states are similar, prediction needs to be carried out based on the signal attenuation per unit length. First, calculate the signal attenuation per unit length of the current communication segment (i.e., the signal attenuation per meter or per kilometer). Then, based on the actual length of the similar communication segment and combined with the signal attenuation per unit length, deduce the total signal attenuation of the similar communication segment. This method takes into account the influence of length differences and can more accurately predict the signal attenuation of the similar communication segment.

[0065] In a further implementable manner of the above solution, the reasonable deviation judgment is implemented as follows: Take the absolute value of the difference between the actual signal attenuation of the next communication segment and the predicted signal attenuation, divide it by the actual signal attenuation, and then calculate the percentage to obtain the deviation degree, and compare it with the set reasonable deviation degree. Exemplarily, the reasonable deviation degree is 10%. If the deviation degree is higher than the reasonable deviation degree, it is judged that the deviation is unreasonable; otherwise, it is judged that the deviation is reasonable.

[0066] In a further implementable manner of the above solution, when the deviation is reasonable, it indicates that the prediction of the signal attenuation of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment has high accuracy. This shows that the repeater gain adjustment scheme of the current communication segment can play an important reference role in the repeater gain adjustment of the next communication segment. By referring to the gain setting of the current communication segment, the repetitive debugging work for the next communication segment can be reduced, and the overall efficiency of the system can be improved. Specifically, adjusting the gain of the repeater in the next communication segment according to the gain setting of the repeater in the current communication segment refers to the following process: Calculate the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment and that of the current communication segment, and compare it with the set difference in similar signal-to-noise ratios. Exemplarily, the difference in similar signal-to-noise ratios can be 3 dB. If the difference in signal-to-noise ratios is less than or equal to the difference in similar signal-to-noise ratios, it means that the signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment is highly similar to that of the current communication segment. In the case where the signal attenuation, line environment state, and signal-to-noise ratio are all highly consistent, the adaptive adjustment gain of the corresponding repeater in the current communication segment can be directly used as the adaptive adjustment gain of the corresponding repeater in the next communication segment. This reduces the gain debugging time for the next communication segment, simplifies the repeater configuration process, and at the same time avoids repetitive data processing and gain adjustment, reducing the computational burden of the system. If the difference in signal-to-noise ratios is greater than the difference in similar signal-to-noise ratios, it means that there is a difference in the signal-to-noise ratio between the next communication segment and the current communication segment. In the case where the signal attenuation and line environment state are highly consistent and only the signal-to-noise ratio is inconsistent, the lower limit gain of the corresponding repeater in the current communication segment and the upper limit gain of the repeater determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment form the gain adjustment range of the corresponding repeater in the next communication segment.

[0067] Similarly, the gain of the repeater corresponding to the next communication segment is gradually adjusted using the gain adjustment range of the corresponding repeater, thereby obtaining the adapted adjusted gain of the repeater corresponding to the next communication segment, which can ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength of the next communication segment reach the optimal state.

[0068] When the deviation is unreasonable, it indicates that there is a large error in predicting the signal attenuation of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment. Under normal circumstances, if the cable materials, diameters, and line environment states of two communication segments are relatively similar, the prediction based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment should not differ much from the actual attenuation. This is because similar physical characteristics and environmental conditions mean that the signal is affected similarly during transmission, so the trend of signal attenuation should also be consistent. However, if the actual attenuation is significantly higher than the predicted value, this may be due to some unforeseen factors in the next communication segment, resulting in increased signal attenuation. Specifically, it is manifested as potential line aging or other structural defects in the next communication segment. At this time, triggering the detection of cable structure defects in similar communication segments can promptly identify and diagnose whether there are problems such as line aging. Specifically, the process of triggering the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment is as follows: Compare the actual signal attenuation of the next communication segment with the predicted signal attenuation. Only when the actual signal attenuation is higher than the predicted signal attenuation, trigger the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment. Once the detection is triggered, conduct a structural scan of the cable in the next communication segment and record the cable structure defect data. Exemplarily, professional detection tools (such as optical time domain reflectometers, cable testers, etc.) can be used to comprehensively inspect the cable, and detailed cable structure defect data can be obtained, including cable breakage, loose joints, damaged shielding layers, etc.

[0069] Generate warning information using the obtained cable structure defect data for risk warning, which can notify maintenance personnel to take necessary repair or preventive measures. This helps to handle problems promptly, prevent the expansion of faults, and ensure the stability and reliability of the communication system.

[0070] It should be noted that after predicting the signal attenuation of the next similar communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment, if the deviation is unreasonable and the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment is triggered, it must be ensured that there are no cable structure defects in the current communication segment itself. This is to ensure that under the condition of unreasonable deviation, there is sufficient basis to suspect that the cable structure defects in the next communication segment are the main cause of the deviation.

[0071] (6) Similarly, detect the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment for gain adjustment of the repeater, and continuously compare the similarity of the line environment state of the current communication segment with that of the subsequent communication segments and perform follow-up gain adjustment of the repeater during the detection process until the similarity comparison of the line environment state of the last communication segment is completed.

[0072] It should be understood that when the cable structure defect detection of the next communication segment is triggered by an unreasonable deviation, the gain adjustment of the repeater corresponding to this communication segment needs to be carried out in the same way as the gain adjustment of the repeater corresponding to the current communication segment, and continue to compare the line environment state of the current communication segment with the line environment states of subsequent communication segments. When it is found that the line environment state of a certain subsequent communication segment is similar to that of the current communication segment, then the signal attenuation of the current communication segment is used for prediction and repeater gain adjustment until the gain adjustment of the repeater of the last communication segment is carried out.

[0073] (7) During the process of adjusting the gain of the repeaters in each communication segment of the long-distance communication line, time series analysis of the line environment state is carried out on the signal attenuation of each communication segment to identify sensitive environment parameters. The specific operations are as follows: During the process of adjusting the gain of the repeaters in each communication segment, the signal attenuation and line environment parameters of each communication segment are collected in real time to form the signal attenuation time series and line environment parameter time series of each communication segment.

[0074] Carry out the analysis of the change in signal attenuation between adjacent times for the signal attenuation time series of each communication segment. When the analysis shows that the signal attenuation changes, record the signal change time.

[0075] In the above-mentioned analysis of the change in signal attenuation, the difference in signal attenuation between adjacent times can be compared with the set difference in the changed signal attenuation. If the difference in signal attenuation between a certain adjacent time reaches the difference in the changed signal attenuation, then the later time among the adjacent times is taken as the signal change time.

[0076] Carry out the analysis of the change in line environment parameters between adjacent times for the line environment parameter time series of each communication segment. When the analysis shows that the line environment parameters change, record the changed line environment parameters and the environment change time.

[0077] In the above-mentioned analysis of the change in line environment parameters between adjacent times, the method of analyzing the change in signal attenuation can be similarly referred to.

[0078] Match the signal change time with the environment change time, count the proportion of the line environment parameters with successful matching, and take the line environment parameter corresponding to the largest proportion as the sensitive environment parameter of the corresponding communication segment. This means that these environment parameters are most likely to be the main factors causing the change when the signal attenuation changes.

[0079] Compare the sensitive environment parameters of each communication segment, and select the sensitive environment parameter with the highest frequency of occurrence as the signal attenuation sensitive environment parameter of the long-distance communication line.

[0080] In the example of the above operation, it is assumed that in a certain long-distance communication line, the signal attenuation and environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference, etc.) of each communication section are collected every 1 minute to form time series data.

[0081] By analyzing the time series of signal attenuation, it is found that the signal attenuation of a certain communication section increases from 12 dB to 15 dB between 10:00 and 10:01, and the signal change time is recorded as 10:00.

[0082] By analyzing the time series of line environmental parameters, it is found that the temperature of the same communication section rises from 25°C to 30°C and the electromagnetic interference intensity increases from 30 dBm to 40 dBm between 10:00 and 10:01. The environmental change time is recorded as 10:00, and the changed environmental parameters are recorded as temperature and electromagnetic interference.

[0083] The signal change time (10:00) is matched with the environmental change time (10:00), and the environmental parameters that change simultaneously within the same time period are counted. It is assumed that after multiple analyses, the matching success ratios of temperature and electromagnetic interference are the highest, 80% and 70% respectively. Therefore, temperature is selected as the sensitive environmental parameter of this communication section.

[0084] By identifying the environmental parameters that have a sensitive impact on signal attenuation changes, the present invention can optimize and control the environment where the communication line is located in advance, thereby reducing the occurrence of signal attenuation from the source.

[0085] It should be emphasized that the present invention combines control strategies in the spatial dimension and the time dimension to achieve comprehensive optimization of repeater gain and signal attenuation. The control in the spatial dimension predicts the signal attenuation of subsequent communication sections based on the signal attenuation of the current communication section to ensure that the repeater uses the optimal gain setting in a similar environment; the control in the time dimension monitors and adjusts the sensitive environmental parameters that affect signal attenuation in real time to respond to environmental changes in a timely manner and reduce the occurrence of signal attenuation.

[0086] The above content is only an example and explanation of the structure of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of this technology can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods for substitution, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data, characterized in that, Including the following steps: (1) Divide the entire communication line into several communication segments according to the repeater layout diagram of the long-distance communication line. Each communication segment corresponds to a repeater, and number each communication segment in the order from the starting point to the ending point of the communication line; (2) Deploy environmental perception devices in each communication segment to collect the line environmental status in real time, and perform signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio detection on the current communication segment in the order of the communication segment numbers to obtain the signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio data; (3) Adjust the gain of the repeater according to the signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment. The specific process is as follows: Determine the lower limit gain and upper limit gain of the repeater based on the signal attenuation amount and signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment respectively, and thus form the gain adjustment range of the repeater with the lower limit gain and upper limit gain of the repeater; Gradually increase the gain within the gain adjustment range of the repeater, and detect the signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength of the output signal after increasing the gain, and compare with the normal signal-to-noise ratio and normal signal strength of the communication line to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and signal strength compliance after each gain adjustment; Compare the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and signal strength compliance with the preset compliance standard after each gain adjustment. If the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and signal strength compliance after a certain gain adjustment both reach the compliance standard, mark the gain value of this time as the effective gain, and count the number of all effective gains. If there is only one effective gain, directly use this gain value as the adaptive adjustment gain of the repeater. If there are multiple effective gains, select the smallest effective gain as the adaptive adjustment gain of the repeater; If there is no case where the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and signal strength compliance after any gain adjustment both reach the compliance standard, perform a weighted average calculation on the signal-to-noise ratio compliance and signal strength compliance after each gain adjustment to obtain the signal transmission effect coefficient after each gain adjustment; Compare the signal transmission effect coefficients after each gain adjustment, and then select the gain value of the gain adjustment to which the maximum signal transmission effect coefficient belongs as the adaptive adjustment gain of the repeater; (4) Perform similarity recognition on the line environmental status of the next communication segment and the current communication segment. If the line environmental status is similar, execute (5), otherwise execute (6); The process of performing similarity recognition is as follows: Respectively form the presentation ranges of each line environmental parameter for the current communication segment and the next communication segment corresponding to multiple data of each line environmental parameter during the specified collection period; Perform intersection operation and union operation item by item on the presentation range of each line environmental parameter corresponding to the next communication segment and the presentation range of each line environmental parameter corresponding to the current communication segment, and then statistically obtain the similarity of each line environmental parameter; Perform a weighted average calculation on the similarities of each line environmental parameter to obtain the line environmental similarity between the next communication segment and the current communication segment; Compare the line environmental similarity between the next communication segment and the current communication segment with the set similarity threshold. If the line environmental similarity reaches the similarity threshold, recognize that the line environmental status of the next communication segment and the current communication segment is similar, otherwise recognize that the line environmental status of the next communication segment and the current communication segment is not similar; (5) Predict the signal attenuation of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment, and compare it with the actual signal attenuation of the next communication segment to conduct a reasonable deviation evaluation. If the deviation is reasonable, adjust the gain of the repeater in the next communication segment according to the gain setting of the repeater in the current communication segment. If the deviation is unreasonable, trigger the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment; (6) Similarly, detect the signal attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment to adjust the gain of the repeater, and continuously compare the line environment status of the current communication segment with that of the subsequent communication segments during the detection process and perform similar comparison of the line environment status and follow-up adjustment of the repeater gain until the similar comparison of the line environment status of the last communication segment is completed.

2. The method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 1, wherein: The process of dividing the entire communication line into several communication segments is as follows: Capture the layout positions of the repeaters according to the repeater layout diagram of the long-distance communication line, and define the communication cable between adjacent repeaters as a communication segment; Each communication segment uses the repeater in its signal transmission direction as the repeater of this communication segment.

3. A method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation of deploying environmental perception devices in each communication segment to collect the line environment status in real time is as follows: Use the environmental perception devices to collect the line environment parameters of each communication segment during the specified collection period to form multiple data of each line environment parameter in each communication segment.

4. The method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 1, wherein: The process of predicting the signal attenuation of the next communication segment based on the signal attenuation of the current communication segment is as follows: Calculate the difference between the length of the current communication segment and the length of the next communication segment. If the length difference meets the preset similar length difference, directly use the signal attenuation of the current communication segment to predict the signal attenuation of the next communication segment. If the length difference exceeds the similar length difference, calculate the signal attenuation per unit length of the current communication segment and multiply it by the length of the next communication segment to predict the signal attenuation of the next communication segment.

5. A method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation of the reasonable deviation evaluation is as follows: Take the absolute value of the difference between the actual signal attenuation of the next communication segment and the predicted signal attenuation, divide it by the actual signal attenuation, and then perform a percentage calculation to obtain the deviation degree. Compare it with the set reasonable deviation degree. If the deviation degree is higher than the reasonable deviation degree, it is judged that the deviation is unreasonable; otherwise, it is judged that the deviation is reasonable.

6. The method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 1, wherein: The process of adjusting the gain of the repeater in the next communication segment according to the gain setting of the repeater in the current communication segment is as follows: Calculate the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment and the signal-to-noise ratio of the current communication segment, and compare it with the set similar signal-to-noise ratio difference. If the signal-to-noise ratio difference is less than or equal to the similar signal-to-noise ratio difference, use the adaptive adjustment gain of the corresponding repeater in the current communication segment as the adaptive adjustment gain of the corresponding repeater in the next communication segment. If the signal-to-noise ratio difference is greater than the similar signal-to-noise ratio difference, the lower limit gain of the corresponding repeater in the current communication segment and the upper limit gain of the repeater determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the next communication segment form the gain adjustment range of the corresponding repeater in the next communication segment; Similarly, use the gain adjustment range of the corresponding repeater in the next communication segment to gradually adjust the gain, and thus obtain the adaptive adjustment gain of the corresponding repeater in the next communication segment.

7. A method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of triggering the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment is as follows: Compare the actual signal attenuation of the next communication segment with the predicted signal attenuation. Trigger the detection of cable structure defects in the next communication segment only when the actual signal attenuation is higher than the predicted signal attenuation. Once the detection is triggered, perform a structural scan on the cable of the next communication segment and record the cable structure defect data. Generate a warning message using the obtained cable structure defect data for risk warning.

8. The method for collecting and analyzing communication cable data according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes (7) performing a time series analysis of the line environment state of the signal attenuation of each communication segment during the gain adjustment process of the repeaters in each communication segment of the long-distance communication line to identify sensitive environmental parameters. The specific operations are as follows: During the gain adjustment process of the repeaters in each communication segment, collect the signal attenuation and line environment parameters of each communication segment in real time to form the signal attenuation time series and line environment parameter time series of each communication segment. Perform an analysis of the signal attenuation variation between adjacent times on the signal attenuation time series of each communication segment. Record the signal variation time when the analyzed signal attenuation changes. Perform an analysis of the line environment parameter variation between adjacent times on the line environment parameter time series of each communication segment. Record the changed line environment parameters and the environment change time when the analyzed line environment parameters change. Match the signal variation time with the environment change time, count the proportion of the line environment parameters with successful matches, and take the line environment parameters corresponding to the largest proportion as the sensitive environmental parameters of the corresponding communication segment. Compare the sensitive environmental parameters of each communication segment, and select the sensitive environmental parameter with the highest occurrence frequency as the signal attenuation sensitive environmental parameter of the long-distance communication line.

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