Co-stabilizers for hydroxyphenyltriazine stabilized polymers

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a co-stabilizer of formula (1) as defined below for further increasing the stability of a synthetic polymer stabilized with a hydroxyphenyltriazine against degradation induced by light, and wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the co-stabilizer of formula (1).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of a costabilizer of formula (1) as defined below for further improving the stability of a synthetic polymer stabilized with a hydroxyphenyltriazine against light-induced degradation, and wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the costabilizer of formula (1).

[0002] Various hydroxyphenyltriazine light stabilizers for polymers are known and several are commercially available. There is a continuing need to further improve the stabilization of polymers that have been stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine light stabilizers.

[0003] This object is achieved by using a stabilizer having the formula (1)

[0004]

[0005] in

[0006] E1 is hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from -OH, C2-C 18 C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX1 and -OC(O)X2 18 Alkyl, wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1-C 18 Alkyl; C3-C with oxygen insertion 50 Alkyl or oxygen-inserted C3-C 50 hydroxyalkyl; and

[0007] E2, E3, E4 and E5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups;

[0008] The aim is to further improve the stability of synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine against light-induced degradation, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the costabilizer of formula (1).

[0009] The co-stabilizer serves to further increase the stability of the synthetic polymer stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine against degradation induced by light. When comparing a) a synthetic polymer stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine but without co-stabilizer with b) a synthetic polymer stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine and co-stabilizer, a further increase in the stability against degradation induced by light can be determined.

[0010] The stability of a synthetic polymer against light-induced degradation generally refers to the stability against exposure to UV light. The stability of a synthetic polymer can be determined by various methods, such as

[0011] - Color coordinate L* in CIELAB units according to ISO 4582, where zero defines black and 100 defines white.

[0012] - Color difference ΔE*, in CIELAB units, is taken as the square root of the square of the difference of the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a* and b* at the recall time minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a* and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4.

[0013] - Transparency and haze in % according to ASTM D1003.

[0014] - Haze [%] after exposure according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4.

[0015] - Transparency after exposure according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4 [%],

[0016] - Yellowness index according to ASTM E313, unitless.

[0017] - Yellowness index after exposure according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4.

[0018] - Maximum force [%] upon exposure according to DIN EN ISO 105B04.

[0019] - Absorbance at 290 nm [%] after exposure to cycle 5 according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2.

[0020] The weight ratio of costabilizer to hydroxyphenyltriazine is generally from 2:1 to 1:150, preferably from 1:5 to 1:80 and in particular from 1:25 to 1:50.

[0021] The stabilizer has the formula (1)

[0022]

[0023] in

[0024] E1 is hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from -OH, C2-C 18 C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX1 and -OC(O)X2 18 Alkyl, wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1-C 18 Alkyl; C3-C with oxygen insertion 50 Alkyl or oxygen-inserted C3-C 50 hydroxyalkyl; and

[0025] E2, E3, E4 and E5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C18 Alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups.

[0026] C1-C 18 Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl. Particularly preferred are C1-C8 alkyl groups, for example isomer mixtures of methyl, n-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl or octyl.

[0027] Preferably, E1 is C1-C 13 Alkyl, especially straight-chain or branched octyl.

[0028] 1, 2 or 3 selected from -OH, C2-C 18 C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of -C(O)OX1 (or -C(O)OY1) and -OC(O)X2 (or -OC(O)Y2) 18 Alkyl, preferably C3-C 18 Preferred examples of the alkyl group are 2-hydroxyethyl,

[0029] C3-C with one or more oxygen inserted 50 An example of an alkyl group is –(CH2CH2-O-)3-CH3.

[0030] Insert aerobic C3-C 50 Preferred examples of hydroxyalkyl groups are

[0031]

[0032] A preferred example of the phenyl group substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups is 2,4-dimethylphenyl.

[0033] Preferably, the co-stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of formula (2), (3) and (4)

[0034]

[0035] The co-stabilizer may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount ranging from 0.0005% to 10%, preferably from 0.005% to 5% and in particular from 0.01% to 2.5% or from 0.05% to 2% relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

[0036] In another form, the co-stabilizer may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount up to 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01%, 0.005%, 0.001%, or 0.0001% by weight of the synthetic polymer.

[0037] The synthetic polymer is stabilized with a hydroxyphenyltriazine, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the co-stabilizer having formula (1).

[0038] The hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the costabilizer of formula (1) generally means that the hydroxyphenyltriazine and the costabilizer of formula (1) do not have the same chemical structure.

[0039] The hydroxyphenyltriazine may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount ranging from 0.005% to 10%, preferably from 0.005% to 5% and in particular from 0.01% to 2.5% or from 0.05% to 2% by weight relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

[0040] Hydroxyphenyltriazine is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of formula (BI) and (B-II)

[0041]

[0042] wherein G2, G3, G4 and G5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups;

[0043] n is 1 or 2,

[0044] When n is 1, G1 is C1-C 18 Alkyl, or C2-C 18 Hydroxyalkyl, and

[0045] When n is 2, G1 is a bridging group having the formula ROCOR', wherein R and R' are independently C1-C 18 Alkylene,

[0046]

[0047] wherein Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are independently hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, C1-C substituted by hydroxy 18 Alkyl, inserted with oxygen at C2-C 18 Alkyl or C2-C18 Hydroxyalkyl, substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from -OH, C2-C 18 C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX1 and -OC(O)X2 18 Alkyl, wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1-C 18 alkyl, and T1, T2 and T3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C 18 alkyl.

[0048] Preferably, in the hydroxyphenyl triazines having formula (BI) and (B-II),

[0049] G2, G3, G4 and G5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl,

[0050] Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are independently hydrogen or C1-C 10 Alkyl, and

[0051] T1, T2 and T3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl.

[0052] C1-C 18 Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl.

[0053] Insert aerobic C2-C 18 An example of a hydroxyalkyl group is a group having the formula -CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-CH2-CH(C2H5)-(CH2)3-CH3.

[0054] An example of a phenyl group substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups is 2,4-dimethylphenyl.

[0055] C1-C 12 Examples of alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy and decyloxy. Preference is given to C1-C8 alkoxy, especially propoxy.

[0056] 1, 2 or 3 selected from -OH, C2-C 18C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of -C(O)OX1 (or -C(O)OY1) and -OC(O)X2 (or -OC(O)Y2) 18 Alkyl, preferably C3-C 18 Preferred examples of alkyl are 2-hydroxyethyl, -CH2CH2OC(O)C7H 15 ,

[0057]

[0058] C1-C 18 Examples of the alkylene group are methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, tridecylene, tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene and octadecylene.

[0059] The bridging group having the formula ROCOR' is preferably

[0060] -CH2CH2-OC(O)-(CH2) 10 -C(O)-O-CH2CH2-.

[0061] Preferably, the hydroxyphenyltriazine is at least one compound selected from formula (B1) to (B6)

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Examples of synthetic polymers are:

[0065] 1. Polymers of monoolefins and dienes, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or poly-butadiene, polyhexene, polyoctene, and polymers of cycloolefins, for example cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene or norbornene, polyethylene (which may optionally be crosslinked), for example high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density and high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high-density and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE) and (ULDPE).

[0066] Polyolefins, ie polymers of monoolefins exemplified in the previous paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by different processes and in particular by the following process:

[0067] a) Free radical polymerization (usually under high pressure and at elevated temperature).

[0068] b) Catalytic polymerization using a catalyst which generally contains one or more than one metal of group IVb, Vb, VIb or VIII of the periodic table. These metals generally have one or more than one ligand, typically oxides, halides, alkoxides, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and / or aryls, which may be π-coordinated or σ-coordinated. These metal complexes may be in free form or fixed on a substrate, typically on activated magnesium chloride, titanium (III) chloride, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide. These catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalyst itself may be used in the polymerization, or another activator may be used, typically a metal alkyl, metal hydride, metal alkyl halide, metal alkyl oxide or metal alkyloxane, the metal being an element of group Ia, IIa and / or IIIa of the periodic table. The activator may conveniently be modified with another ester, ether, amine or silyl ether group. These catalyst systems are often referred to as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or single site catalysts (SSC).

[0069] 2. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned under 1), for example mixtures of polypropylene with polyisobutylene, mixtures of polypropylene with polyethylene (for example PP / HDPE, PP / LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (for example LDPE / HDPE).

[0070] 3. Copolymers of monoolefins and dienes with each other or with other vinyl monomers, for example ethylene / propylene copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene, propylene / but-1-ene copolymers, propylene / isobutylene copolymers, ethylene / but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene / hexene copolymers, ethylene / methylpentene copolymers, ethylene / heptene copolymers, ethylene / octene copolymers, ethylene / vinyl cyclohexane copolymers, ethylene / cyclic olefin copolymers (e.g. ethylene / norbornene like COC), ethylene / 1-olefin copolymers (wherein the 1-olefin is generated in situ); propylene / butadiene copolymers, isobutylene / isoprene copolymers, ethylene / vinyl cyclohexane copolymers, ethylene / propylene copolymers, LDPE / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), LDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), LLDPE / EVA, LLDPE / EAA and alternating or random polyalkylene / carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers, for example polyamides.

[0071] 4. Hydrocarbon resins (eg C5-C9), including hydrogenated modifications thereof (eg tackifiers) and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starches.

[0072] Homopolymers and copolymers from 1.) to 4.) may have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included. Copolymers from 1.) to 4.) may be random or block copolymers, homogeneous or heterogeneous, or highly crystalline homopolymers.

[0073] 5. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene), poly(α-methylstyrene).

[0074] 6. Aromatic homopolymers and copolymers derived from vinyl aromatic monomers, including styrene, α-methylstyrene, all isomers of vinyl toluene (especially p-vinyl toluene), ethyl styrene, propyl styrene, vinyl biphenyl, all isomers of vinyl naphthalene and vinyl anthracene, and mixtures thereof. Homopolymers and copolymers may have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

[0075] 6a. Copolymers comprising the above vinyl aromatic monomers and a comonomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, dienes, nitriles, acids, maleic anhydride, maleimide, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride or acrylic acid derivatives and mixtures thereof, such as styrene / butadiene, styrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / ethylene (interpolymers), styrene / alkyl methacrylate, styrene / butadiene / alkyl acrylate, styrene / butadiene / alkyl methacrylate, styrene / maleic anhydride, styrene / acrylonitrile / methyl acrylate; high impact mixtures of styrene copolymers and another polymer such as a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer; and block copolymers of styrene such as styrene / butadiene / styrene, styrene / isoprene / styrene, styrene / isoprene / butadiene / styrene, styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene or styrene / ethylene / propylene / styrene, HIPS, ABS, ASA, AES.

[0076] 6b. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers derived from hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned under 6.), especially including polycyclohexylethylene (PCHE) prepared by hydrogenating atactic polystyrene, usually referred to as polyvinylcyclohexane (PVCH).

[0077] 6c. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers derived from the hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned under 6a.).

[0078] Homopolymers and copolymers may have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

[0079] 7. Graft copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers, such as styrene or α-methylstyrene, for example styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and alkyl acrylates or methacrylates on polybutadiene; styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl acrylates or polyalkyl methacrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile on acrylate / butadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof with the copolymers listed under 6), for example the copolymer mixtures known as ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.

[0080] 8. Halogen-containing polymers, such as polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymers of isobutylene-isoprene (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or sulfochlorinated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl chloride, homopolymers and copolymers of epichlorohydrin, in particular polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride and copolymers thereof, such as vinyl chloride / vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride / vinyl acetate copolymers. The polyvinyl chloride may be rigid or flexible (plasticized).

[0081] 9. Polymers derived from α,β-unsaturated acids and their derivatives, such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates; poly(methyl methacrylate) impact-modified with butyl acrylate, polyacrylamide and polyacrylonitrile.

[0082] 10. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned under 9) with one another or with other unsaturated monomers, for example acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile / alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile / alkoxyalkyl acrylate or acrylonitrile / vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile / alkyl methacrylate / butadiene terpolymers.

[0083] 11. Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals, for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl benzoate, polyvinyl maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate or polyallyl melamine; and copolymers thereof with the olefins mentioned above under 1).

[0084] 12. Homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or copolymers thereof with diglycidyl ethers.

[0085] 13. Polyacetals, such as polyoxymethylene and those polyoxymethylenes which contain ethylene oxide as a comonomer; polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.

[0086] 14. Polyphenylene ethers and polyphenylene sulfides and mixtures of polyphenylene ethers with styrene polymers or polyamides.

[0087] 15. Polyurethanes derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers, polyesters or poly-butadienes on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other hand, and precursors thereof. Polyurethanes formed by the reaction of (1) diisocyanates with short-chain diols (chain extenders) and (2) diisocyanates with long-chain diols (thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPU).

[0088] 16. Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, for example polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6 / 6, 6 / 10, 6 / 9, 6 / 12, 4 / 6, 12 / 12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides starting from meta-xylene diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylene diamine and isophthalic acid or / and terephthalic acid with or without elastomers as modifiers , such as poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide; and also block copolymers of the above polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, such as block copolymers with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polybutylene glycol; and polyamides or copolyamides modified with EPDM or ABS; and polyamides condensed during processing (RIM polyamide systems). The polyamides may be amorphous.

[0089] 17. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.

[0090] 18. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones or lactides, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyalkylene naphthalates and polyhydroxybenzoates, and copolyetheresters derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers, and also polyesters modified with polycarbonate or MBS. Copolyesters may include, for example - but not limited to - polybutylene succinate / terephthalate, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, polytetramethylene adipate / terephthalate, polybutylene succinate / adipate, polybutylene succinate / butylene carbonate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate / octanoate copolymers, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate / hexanoate / decanoate terpolymers. Furthermore, aliphatic polyesters may include, for example but not limited to, poly(hydroxyalkanoates), in particular poly(propiolactone), poly(butyrolactone), poly(neopentalactone), poly(valerolactone) and poly(caprolactone), polyethylene succinate, polypropylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polyhexamethylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polypropylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, polyhexamethylene adipate, polyethylene oxalate, polypropylene oxalate, polybutylene oxalate, polyhexamethylene oxalate, polyethylene sebacate, polypropylene sebacate, polybutylene sebacate, polyethylene furanoate and polylactic acid (PLA) and corresponding polyesters modified with polycarbonate or MBS. The term "polylactic acid (PLA)" means any of homopolymers of preferably poly-L-lactide and its blends or admixtures with other polymers; copolymers of lactic acid or lactide with other monomers such as hydroxy-carboxylic acids, such as, for example, glycolic acid, 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, 4-hydroxy-butyric acid, 4-hydroxy-valeric acid, 5-hydroxy-valeric acid, 6-hydroxy-hexanoic acid and cyclic forms thereof; the term "lactic acid" or "lactide" includes L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, mixtures thereof and dimers, i.e., L-lactide, D-lactide, meso-lactide and any mixtures thereof. Preferred polyesters are PET, PET-G, PBT.

[0091] 19. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates. Polycarbonates are preferably prepared by reaction of bisphenol compounds with carbonic acid compounds, in particular phosgene, or in the melt transesterification process, diphenyl carbonate or dimethyl carbonate. Homopolycarbonates based on bisphenol A and copolycarbonates based on the monomers bisphenol A and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC) are particularly preferred. These and further bisphenols and diol compounds which can be used for the synthesis of polycarbonates are disclosed in particular in WO08037364 (page 7, line 21 to page 10, line 5), EP1582549 (

[0018] to

[0034] ), WO02026862 (page 2, line 23 to page 5, line 15), WO05113639 (page 2, line 1 to page 7, line 20). The polycarbonates may be linear or branched. Mixtures of branched and unbranched polycarbonates can also be used. Suitable branching agents for polycarbonates are known from the literature and are described, for example, in patent specifications US Pat. No. 4,185,009 and DE 2500092 (3,3-bis-(4-hydroxyaryl-oxindole according to the invention, in each case see the entire document), DE 4240313 (see page 3, lines 33 to 55), DE 19943642 (see page 5, lines 25 to 34) and US Pat. No. 5,367,044 and in the literature cited therein. The polycarbonates used may additionally be inherently branched, without adding branching agents in the context of the polycarbonate preparation. Examples of inherent branching are so-called Fries structures, as described in EP 1506. 249 for melt polycarbonates. Chain terminators can additionally be used in the preparation of polycarbonates. Phenols such as phenol, alkylphenols such as cresol and 4-tert-butylphenol, chlorophenol, bromophenol, cumylphenol or mixtures thereof are preferably used as chain terminators. Polyester carbonates are obtained by reacting the bisphenols already mentioned, at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid and optionally carbonic acid equivalents. Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids are, for example, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 3,3'- or 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid and benzophenone-dicarboxylic acid. A portion of the carbonate groups in the polycarbonate, up to 80 mol-%, preferably 20 to 50 mol-%, can be replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups.

[0092] 20. Polyketone.

[0093] 21. Polysulfone, polyethersulfone and polyetherketone.

[0094] 22. Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and from phenols, ureas and melamine on the other hand, such as phenol / formaldehyde resins, urea / formaldehyde resins and melamine / formaldehyde resins.

[0095] 23. Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.

[0096] 24. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyols and vinyl compounds as crosslinkers, and also their low-flammability halogen-containing modifications.

[0097] 25. Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates, for example epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.

[0098] 26. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.

[0099] 27. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, for example the products of the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A, bisphenol E and bisphenol F, which are crosslinked with customary hardeners such as anhydrides or amines with or without accelerators.

[0100] 28. Natural polymers, such as cellulose, rubber, gelatin and chemically modified homologous derivatives thereof, for example cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, or cellulose ethers, such as methylcellulose; and rosin and its derivatives.

[0101] 29. Blends of the abovementioned polymers (polymer blends), for example PP / EPDM, polyamide / EPDM or ABS, PVC / EVA, PVC / ABS, PVC / MBS, PC / ABS, PBTP / ABS, PC / ASA, PC / PBT, PVC / CPE, PVC / acrylate, POM / thermoplastic PUR, PC / thermoplastic PUR, POM / acrylate, POM / MBS, PPO / HIPS, PPO / PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA / HDPE, PA / PP, PA / PPO, PBT / PC / ABS or PBT / PET / PC.

[0102] 30. Naturally occurring and synthetic organic materials, which are pure monomeric compounds or mixtures of such compounds, for example mineral oils, animal and vegetable fats, oils and waxes, or oils, fats and waxes based on synthetic esters (for example phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates) and also mixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in any weight ratio (typically those used as spinning compositions) and aqueous emulsions of such materials.

[0103] 31. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubber, for example natural latex or latices of carboxylated styrene / butadiene copolymers.

[0104] 32. Adhesives, for example block copolymers such as SIS, SBS, SEBS, SEPS (S stands for styrene, I stands for isoprene, B stands for polybutadiene, EB stands for ethylene / butylene block, EP stands for polyethylene / polypropylene block).

[0105] 33. Rubbers, for example polymers of conjugated dienes, for example polybutadiene or polyisoprene, copolymers of monoolefins and dienes with each other or with other vinyl monomers, copolymers of styrene or α-methylstyrene with dienes or with acrylic acid derivatives, chlorinated rubber, natural rubber.

[0106] 34. Elastomers, for example natural polyisoprene (cis-1,4-polyisoprene natural rubber (NR) and trans-1,4-polyisoprene gutta-percha), synthetic polyisoprene (IR for isoprene rubber), polybutadiene (BR for butadiene rubber), chloroprene rubber (CR), polychloroprene, chloroprene rubber, Baypren, etc.; butyl rubber (copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, IIR), halogenated butyl rubber (chlorobutyl rubber: CIIR; bromobutyl rubber: BIIR), styrene-butadiene rubber (copolymer of styrene and butadiene, SBR), nitrile rubber (copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, NBR), also known as Buna N rubber hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) Therban and Zetpol; EPM (ethylene propylene rubber, copolymer of ethylene and propylene) and EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene rubber, a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and diene components), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), polyacrylic rubber (ACM, ABR), silicone rubber (SI, Q, VMQ), fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ), fluoroelastomers (FKM and FEPM) Viton, Tecnoflon, Fluorel, Aflas and Dai-El; perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) Tecnoflon PFR, Kalrez, Chemraz, Perlast; polyether block amide (PEBA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), (Hypalon), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), knotty elastin and elastin, polysulfide rubber, elastic olefins, elastic fibers used in fabric production.

[0107] 35. Thermoplastic elastomers, for example styrenic block copolymers (TPE-s), thermoplastic olefins (TPE-o), elastomeric blends (TPE-v or TPV), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), thermoplastic copolyesters, thermoplastic polyamides, reactor TPO (R-TPO), polyolefin plastomers (POP), polyolefin elastomers (POE).

[0108] Preferred synthetic polymers are polymers of the above class

[0109] -6 (aromatic homopolymers and copolymers derived from vinyl aromatic monomers), such as ABS;

[0110] -9 (polymers derived from α,β-unsaturated acids and their derivatives), such as PMMA;

[0111] -11 (polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals), such as PVB;

[0112] -18 (polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones or lactides), such as PET; and

[0113] -19 (polycarbonates and polyester carbonates), such as polycarbonate.

[0114] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymers are polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyvinyl butyral or polycarbonate.

[0115] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.

[0116] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is polycarbonate.

[0117] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is polyvinyl butyral.

[0118] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is poly(methyl methacrylate).

[0119] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is polyethylene terephthalate.

[0120] Also suitable as synthetic polymers are recycled plastics, which can be obtained from domestic, commercial and industrial waste or from useful material collections. Recycled plastics can originate from separation and sorting, or from specific industrial sectors and return obligations, for example from the automotive industry, electrical / electronics industry, construction, agriculture and textile industry, or from households and commerce (e.g. supermarkets). Recycled plastics can be single-material recycled plastics, for example from polymer classes consisting of polyolefins (polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene blends, and copolymers such as PP / EPDM and PP / PE and polystyrene), or defined mixtures of recycled plastics.

[0121] Recycled plastics may also contain polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene chloride. There may also be minor amounts (up to about 5%) of non-thermoplastics, such as polyurethanes, formaldehyde resins and phenolic resins, as well as typical amino resins, and also elastomers, such as vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber. In some plastic wastes, there may also be small amounts of foreign substances, such as paper, pigments and adhesives, which are often difficult to remove. These foreign substances may also originate from contact with various substances during use or processing, such as fuel residues, coating components, trace metals, initiator residues or traces of water.

[0122] The incorporation of the co-stabilizer and the hydroxyphenyl triazine in the synthetic polymer can be achieved by conventional methods, such as adding the modifier blend or its individual components to the polymer material. These components can be added to the synthetic polymer in the form of a liquid, powder, granules or masterbatch. The co-stabilizer and the hydroxyphenyl triazine and optionally further additives can be added to the synthetic polymer individually or mixed with each other. It is preferred that the co-stabilizer and the hydroxyphenyl triazine are added together, such as in the form of a masterbatch.

[0123] The synthetic polymers processed according to the present invention can be used in a variety of forms, for example as films, fibers (continuous or discontinuous), tapes, or molded articles. Preferred are fibers, including bicomponent fibers. Bicomponent fibers mean fibers comprising at least two different polymer domains a) and b) that are closely adhered along the length of the fiber. These bicomponent fibers can have any shape and are not limited to a specific shape. Examples of such shapes are side-by-side; sheath-core, orange, and matrix and fibril types. Preferred are sheath-core bicomponent fibers and side-by-side bicomponent fibers, especially sheath-core bicomponent fibers.

[0124] Preferred articles are nonwoven fabrics, which should also include webs and should be intended to be oriented or randomly oriented and to be bonded by friction and / or cohesion and / or adhesion and / or mechanical processes. The textile structure of a single fiber, filament or line is opposite to the regular pattern of mechanically interwoven fibers, i.e., it is not a woven or knitted fabric. Examples of nonwoven fabrics include meltblown filaments, spunbonded continuous filament webs, carded webs, air-laid webs, and wet-laid webs. Suitable bonding methods include thermal bonding, chemical or solvent bonding, resin bonding, mechanical needle punching, hydraulic entanglement (hydraulic needling), stitch bonding. Suitable articles made of polymeric materials are geotextiles, roofing materials, cables, films, filter media, filters, diapers, sanitary napkins, pads, incontinence products for adults, protective clothing, surgical cloths, surgical gowns, or surgical gowns.

[0125] The synthetic polymer may contain further components as additives. These further additives may be selected, for example, from the following list:

[0126] 1. Antioxidants

[0127] 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6- Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenol with a linear or branched side chain, such as 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundecane-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadecan-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridecane-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-1'-tetradecyl-methyl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.

[0128] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

[0129] 1.3. Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.

[0130] 1.4. Tocopherols, for example α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, d-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E), vitamin E acetate.

[0131] Particularly preferred is the addition of 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-chroman-6-ol], a commercially available vitamin E (e.g. Irganox E 201 TM ).

[0132] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, for example 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-pentylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0133] 1.6. Alkylene bisphenols, for example 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butyl ... Ethyl bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylene bis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylene bis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylene bis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene bis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2 -methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tri(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopentadiene, Bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetrakis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0134] 1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, for example 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.

[0135] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, for example dioctadecyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, dioctadecyl 2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

[0136] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, for example 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0137] 1.10. Triazine compounds, for example 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0138] 1.11. Benzylphosphonates, for example dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonic acid.

[0139] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxylauroylanilide, 4-hydroxystearoylanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.

[0140] 1.13. Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, for example esters with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctyl alcohol, mixtures of linear and branched C7-C9-alkanols, octadecyl alcohol, linear and branched C 13 -C 15 -alkanol mixtures, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Preference is given to esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, in particular with octadecyl alcohol, such as the addition of octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, which is available as, for example, Irganox 1076 TM Commercially available.

[0141] 1.14. Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, for example esters with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctyl alcohol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis( hydroxyethyl)oxalamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethyl hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

[0142] 1.15. Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, for example esters with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0143] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, for example esters with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0144] 1.17. Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, for example N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylene diamide, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylene diamide, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, N,N′-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxalamide (Naugard XL-1 (RTM), supplied by SI Group).

[0145] 1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

[0146] 1.19. Amine antioxidants, for example, N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl- p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, nonylated diphenylamine, octylated diphenylamines such as p-, p-'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4- methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, a mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyl diphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and di-alkylated nonyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and di-alkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixtures of dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyl phenothiazines or mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-octyl phenothiazines, N-allyl phenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene, N-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-1-naphthylamine] (as Irganox L06 TM Commercially available).

[0147] Alternatively or in addition, mixtures of commercially available additives may also be used, with Irganox 5057 being particularly preferred. TM , obtained by the reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene, and comprising

[0148] (A) 5057 Diphenylamine;

[0149] (B) 5057 4-tert-Butyldiphenylamine;

[0150] (C) 5057 Compounds of the following groups

[0151] i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

[0152] ii) 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine,

[0153] iii) 2,4,4'-tri-tert-butyldiphenylamine,

[0154] (D) 5057 Compounds of the following groups

[0155] i) 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

[0156] ii) o,o', m,m' or p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

[0157] iii) 2,4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

[0158] (E) 5057 Compounds of the following groups

[0159] i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine,

[0160] ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine, and

[0161] wherein not more than 5% by weight of component (A) is present 5057 , 8 to 15% by weight of component (B) 5057 , 24 to 32% by weight of component (C) 5057 , 23% to 34% by weight of component (D) 5057 and 21 to 34% by weight of component (E) 5057 .

[0162] 2.UV absorbers and light stabilizers

[0163] 2.1.2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, for example 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, '-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl] Phenol]; ester exchange product of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole and polyethylene glycol 300; [R'-CH2-CH2-CO-O-CH2-CH2-]2——wherein R'=3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotriazole.

[0164] 2.2.2-Hydroxybenzophenones, for example 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

[0165] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acid, for example 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

[0166] 2.4. Acrylates / cinnamates, such as ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbonylmethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-carbonylmethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-carbonylmethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline and neopentyl tetrakis(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate), or sterically hindered acrylic acid Esters, such as disclosed in EP-A-3587425, such as, for example, (2E,2'E)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diylbis(2-methylpropane-2,1-diyl)bis(2-cyano-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate) [CAS Reg. No. 2233585-18-5], or similar derivatives, wherein one of the two OCH3 groups (methoxy) of each (2-cyano-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate) moiety is replaced by an OC6H 13 The group is replaced to obtain a bis(2-cyano-3-(3-methoxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)acrylate) derivative.

[0167] 2.5. Nickel compounds, for example nickel complexes of 2,2′-thiobis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], such as the 1:1 or 1:2 complex, with or without additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, the nickel salt of a monoalkyl ester, for example the methyl or ethyl ester, of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes of ketoximes, for example 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylundecylketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole with or without additional ligands.

[0168] 2.6. Sterically hindered amines, for example, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tri(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl)nitrilotriacetate ... 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid tetrakis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis ​​(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidinyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl) malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro [4.5] decane-2,4-dione, bis (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) sebacate -4-yl) ester, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate, bis[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(undecyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl] carbonate, linear or cyclic condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane condensate, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,2-Bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, condensate with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Registry No. [136504-96-6]); 1,6-hexanediamine, condensate with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and N,N-dibutylamine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Registry No. [192268 64-7]); N6,N6'-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N2,N4-dibutyl-N2,N4,N6-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine], reaction products of butyraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide; N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane , 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane, reaction products with epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene, N,N'-bisformyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)hexamethylenediamine, diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid and 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinyl, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)oxycarbonyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene )] siloxane, maleic anhydride-alpha-olefin copolymer and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine reaction product, is a mixture of oligomeric compounds of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-propoxypiperidin-4-yl)-hexane-1,6-diamine and 2,4-dichloro-6-{n-butyl-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-propoxypiperidin-4-yl)amino}-[1,3,5]triazine terminated with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(di-n-butylamino)-[1,3,5]triazine dimethanol formal condensation product The compound is a mixture of oligomeric compounds of the condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexane-1,6-diamine and 2,4-dichloro-6-{n-butyl-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino}-[1,3,5]triazine terminated with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(di-n-butylamino)-[1,3,5]triazine, (N2,N4-dibutyl-N2,N4-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-[1,3,5]-triazine-2,4-diamine, 2,4-Bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor 3058 (Clariant; CAS Reg. No. [106917-31-1]), 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, 2,4-bis-[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine, reaction products with N,N'-bis-(3-amino-propyl)ethylenediamine), 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine. ,

[0169] 2.7. Oxamides, for example 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxalanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxalanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyloxalanilide, 2,2'-di-dodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyloxalanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxalanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxalamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethyloxalanilide and mixtures thereof with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butyloxalanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy disubstituted oxalanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy disubstituted oxalanilides.

[0170] 3. Metal deactivators, for example N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylaldehyde-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxalanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazine, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.

[0171] 4. Phosphites and phosphonates, such as trialkyl (C12-C15) phosphites, triisodecyl phosphites, triisotridecyl phosphites, dioleyl hydrogen phosphites, triisooctyl phosphites, heptaphan (dipropylene glycol) triphosphites, trilauryl trithiophosphites, tri(dipropylene glycol) phosphites, dimethyl hydrogen phosphites, dibutyl hydrogen phosphites, dilauryl hydrogen phosphites, tri-C12-C14 phosphites or bis (2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphites. Other phosphites and phosphonates, for example those which are liquid, such as di-n-octyl hydrogen phosphite or di-isooctyl hydrogen phosphite, or for example triphenyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, phenyl diisodecyl phosphite, diphenyl isodecyl phosphite, [polymer of triphenyl phosphite with 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and polypropylene glycol C10-16 alkyl esters (CAS registry number: 1821217-71-3)]. Other optional phosphite or phosphonate additives include, for example, alkyl (C12-C15) bisphenol A phosphites, alkyl (C10) bisphenol A phosphites, poly (dipropylene glycol) phenyl phosphites, tri (tridecyl) phosphites, diphenyl phosphites, dodecyl nonylphenol phosphite blends, phenyl neopentyl glycol phosphites, poly 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol-C10 alcohol phosphites, poly 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol-C12-15 alcohol phosphites, diphenyl alkyl phosphites, phenyl dialkyl phosphites, C12-15 alcohol phosphites, and poly (C12-15 alcohol phosphites). 12 -C 18 Alkyl bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)phenyl] ester, phosphorous acid C 12 -C 18alkenyl bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl) phenyl] ester, bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl) phenyl][(E)-octadec-9-enyl] phosphite, decyl bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl) phenyl] phosphite, didecyl[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl) phenyl] phosphite, phosphite [4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl) phenyl] bis[(E)-octadec-9-enyl] ester, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, Bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, [2-tert-butyl-4-[1-[5-tert-butyl-4-di(tridecyloxy)phosphoalkyloxy-2-methyl-phenyl]butyl]-5-methyl-phenyl]di-tridecyl phosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, for example as described in US Mixtures of at least two different tris(mono-C1-C8-alkyl)phenyl phosphites mentioned as products of Examples 1 and 2 in US Pat. No. 7,468,410 B2, for example, phosphite mixtures comprising at least two different tris(pentylphenyl) phosphites, such as those mentioned as mixtures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 in US Pat. No. 8,008,383 B2, comprising tris[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite, bis[2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite, bis[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite and tris[2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite.8,008,383 B2 as mixtures of at least four different phosphites of tris(butylphenyl)phosphites, such as are mentioned, for example, in US Pat. No. 8,008,383 B2 as mixtures 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40, oxyalkylene-bridged bis-(di-C6-aryl)diphosphites, or oligomeric phosphites obtainable by condensation of (i) trichlorophosphine with (ii) dihydroxyalkanes having one or more oxygen atoms inserted therein and with (iii) mono-hydroxy-C6-aromatics with elimination of hydrogen chloride, such as are mentioned, for example, in US Pat. No. 8,304,477 B2 as products of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, such as are mentioned, for example, in US Pat. No. 8,563,637 B2 as products of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, Polymer phosphites obtainable by transesterification of (i) triphenyl phosphite with (ii) dihydroxyalkanes and / or bis(hydroxyalkyl)(alkyl)amines optionally with one or more oxygen atoms inserted therein and with (iii) mono-hydroxyalkanes optionally with one or more oxygen atoms inserted therein, with the exclusion of phenol, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4′-biphenylene diphosphite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocine, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenzo[d,g ]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocene, 1,3,7,9-tetra-tert-butyl-11-octyloxy-5H-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocene, 2,2',2"-nitrilo[triethyltri(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite], polymers of triphenyl phosphite and α-hydrogen-ω-hydroxypoly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)]C10-16-alkyl esters (CAS Registry No. [1227937-46-3]), 2-ethylhexyl (3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl) phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphooctane, phosphite mixed 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triesters (CAS Registry No. [939402-02-5]).

[0172] The following phosphites are particularly preferred:

[0173] Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite( 168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc., tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite,

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] 5. Hydroxylamines and amine N-oxides, for example N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallowamine, N,N-bis-(hydrogenated rapeseed)-N-methyl-amine N-oxide or trialkylamine N-oxide.

[0177] 6. Nitrones, for example N-benzyl-α-phenylnitrone, N-ethyl-α-methylnitrone, N-octyl-α-heptylnitrone, N-lauryl-α-undecylnitrone, N-tetradecyl-α-tridecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-pentadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-α-heptadecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-α-pentadecylnitrone, N-heptadecyl-α-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-α-hexadecylnitrone, nitrones derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from hydrogenated tallowamine, optionally of vegetable origin.

[0178] 7. Thiosynergists, for example dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate or pentaerythritol tetrakis-[3-(n-lauryl)-propionate].

[0179] 8. Peroxide scavengers, for example esters of α-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, bis-octadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis(b-dodecylmercapto)propionate.

[0180] 10. Polyamide stabilizers, for example copper salts and divalent manganese salts in combination with iodides and / or phosphorus compounds.

[0181] 11. Alkaline stabilizers, for example melamine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids (for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate), antimony or zinc pyrocatecholate, zeolite, hydrotalcite, hydrated calcium aluminate (hydrocaluminate), zinc oxide.

[0182] 12. Nucleating agents, for example inorganic substances such as talc, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphoric acid esters including phosphoric acid ester salts such as 2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)phosphate sodium salt, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)phosphate aluminum salt or 2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)phosphate lithium salt, carbonates or sulfates (preferably alkaline earth metal carbonates or sulfates); Organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and their salts, for example 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid calcium salt, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt; polymer compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers), triaminobenzene derivatives such as 1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylpropionamide]benzene, zinc glycerate and nonyl alcohol (nonytol) derivatives. Particularly preferred are 1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(p-methyldibenzylidene)sorbitol, and 1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene)sorbitol.

[0183] 13. Fillers and reinforcing agents, for example calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibres, glass beads, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulphate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour or flour or fibres of other natural products, synthetic fibres.

[0184] 14. Other additives, for example plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheological additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, fire retardants, antistatic agents and blowing agents, heat stabilizers, antifogging agents, antihaze agents, antiblocking additives, slip agents, anti-scratch agents.

[0185] 15. Benzofuranones and indolones, for example those disclosed in US-A-4,325,863; US A-4,338,244; US-A-5,175,312; US-A-5,216,052; US-A-5,252,643; DE-A-4316611; DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839 or EP-A-0591102, WO2015 / 121445, WO2017 / 025431, or 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-3H-benzene benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-3H-benzofuran-2-one, 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one , 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetoxy-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl)-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)benzofuran-2-one, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid [6-[6-[2-[4- [5,7-di-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]-6-oxo-hexyloxy]-6-oxo-hexyloxy]-6-oxo-hexyl] ester, [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl] benzoate, [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl] 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl] 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propanoate.

[0186] 16. Flame retardant

[0187] 16.1. Phosphorus-containing flame retardants, including reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardants, for example tetraphenylresorcinol diphosphite (Fyrolflex RDP, RTM, Akzo Nobel), tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfide, triphenyl phosphate, diethyl-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate, hydroxyalkyl phosphates, alkyl phosphate oligomers, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), resorcinol diphosphate oligomers (RDP), phosphazene flame retardants or ethylenediamine diphosphate (EDAP).

[0188] 16.2. Nitrogen-containing flame retardants, for example flame retardants based on melamine, isocyanurates, polyisocyanurates, esters of isocyanuric acid (such as tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, tris(hydroxymethyl)isocyanurate, tris(3-hydroxy-n-propyl)isocyanurate, triglycidylisocyanurate), melamine cyanurate, melamine borate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melamine ammonium polyphosphate, melamine ammonium pyrophosphate, di(melamine)phosphate, di(melamine)pyrophosphate, benzoguanamine, allantoin, glycoluril, urea cyanurate, condensation products of melamine from the series of melem, melam, melon and / or higher condensation compounds or reaction products of melamine with phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof.

[0189] 16.3. Organohalogen flame retardants, for example polybrominated diphenyl ethers, decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDPO), tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate (PB 370, (RTM, FMC Corp.)), tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, chloroalkyl phosphates such as tris(chloropropyl) phosphate, tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Fyrol FR 2 (RTM ICL)), oligomeric chloroalkyl phosphates, chlorendic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, tetrabromophthalic acid, poly-b-chloroethyl triphosphonate mixture, tetrabromobisphenol A-bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (PE68), brominated epoxy resins, brominated aryl esters, ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (Saytex BT-93 (RTM, Albemarle), bis(hexachlorocyclopentadien)cyclooctane (Declorane Plus (RTM, Oxychem), chlorinated paraffins, octabromodiphenyl ether, hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivatives, 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (FF680), tetrabromobisphenol A (Saytex RB100 (RTM, Albemarle), ethylenebis-(dibromonorbornane dicarboximide) (Saytex BN-451 (RTM, Albemarle), bis-(hexachlorocyclopentadien)cyclooctane, PTFE, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate or ethylene-bis-tetrabromophthalimide. Some of the halogenated flame retardants mentioned above are usually combined with inorganic oxide synergists. Some of the halogenated flame retardants mentioned above can be used in combination with triaryl phosphates (such as propylated, butylated triphenyl phosphate) and / or oligomeric aryl phosphates (such as resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate), bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), neopentyl glycol bis(diphenyl phosphate)).

[0190] 16.4. Inorganic flame retardants, for example aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), boehmite (AlOOH), magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), zinc borate, CaCO3, organically modified layered silicates, organically modified layered double hydroxides and mixtures thereof. With regard to synergistic combinations with halogenated flame retardants, the most common inorganic oxide synergists are zinc oxide, antimony oxides such as Sb2O3 or Sb2O5 or boron compounds.

[0191] Examples

[0192] Compound 1: N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N,N'-diformylhexamethylenediamine

[0193] Compound 2: 2-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]-5-(octyloxy)phenol

[0194] Compound 3: Phenol, 2-[4,6-bis([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]-5-[(ethylhexyl)oxy]

[0195] Compound 4: 5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-(4-{4-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenol

[0196] Compound 5: 2-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]-5-[3-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-hydroxypropoxy]-phenol

[0197] Compound 6: Sebacic acid, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(octyloxy)-4-piperidinyl) ester, reaction products with 1,1-dimethylethyl hydroperoxide and octane

[0198] Compound 7: Succinic acid, dimethyl ester, polymer with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinylethanol, wherein Mn is 3100-4000 g / mol

[0199] Compound 8: Phenol, 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-hexyloxy

[0200] Compound 9: 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, reaction products with N-butyl-1-butylamine and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine

[0201] Compound 10: Propionic acid, 2-(4-(4,6-bis((1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-, isooctyl ester

[0202] Examples using ABS

[0203] The examples relating to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) all contain a base stabilization consisting of 0.02% octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, 0.08% tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite and 0.15% compound 1.

[0204] method:

[0205] Additives (all in powder form) were mixed with ground ABS ( GP-22, density 1040kg / m 3 The melt volume rate per 10 kg is 19 cm at 220 ° C.3 / 10min) were dry mixed in a high speed mixer at 3000 rpm for 2 minutes to provide a formulation. The additive content is reported as % by weight based on the weight of ABS. The mixture was pre-dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 hours.

[0206] The dry blend was melt extruded into pellets in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw having a diameter of 25 mm and an aspect ratio of 42. The screw rotation speed was 160 rpm, the material throughput was 7 kg / hour, the zone settings were 160°C / 170°C / 180°C / 190°C / 200°C / 210°C / 220°C / 220°C, and the melt temperature was 215°C. The extruder feeder was under a nitrogen atmosphere (40 ml / min). The extrudate was cooled directly in water after leaving the extruder nozzle. The pelletization of the extrudate was carried out in air. The pellets obtained were pre-dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 hours.

[0207] The predried pellets were then injection molded on an injection molding machine at a clamping force of 500 kN with zone settings of 45° C. / 190° C. / 200° C. / 210° C. / 220° C. / 220° C. The nozzle temperature was 220° C. The mold temperature was 60° C. on both sides. Plates with dimensions of 2 mm×44 mm×68 mm were obtained.

[0208] These plates were then tested under the parameters set in DIN EN ISO105 B06 (xenon lamp, irradiance 1.20 W / (m 2 ·nm) @ 420nm. Exposure in an Atlas Xenon Weathering Tester at 65°C dry bulb temperature, 100°C black standard temperature, 30% relative humidity, no water spray) for long-term accelerated weathering. Measurements were made at different times, given in hours in the table below.

[0209] Measurement method:

[0210] The color coordinate L* is in CIELAB units according to ISO 4582, where zero defines black and 100 defines white. The higher it is, the better.

[0211] ΔE*, in CIELAB units, is the square root of the square of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a* and b* at the recall time minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a* and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4. The lower the better. The results summarized in Table 1 are given after 519 hours of exposure.

[0212] Table 1

[0213]

[0214] The above results show that the L* color coordinate of the ABS stabilized with the combination of two additives in Example 1 is significantly higher and the ΔE* color difference is significantly lower.

[0215] Example with polyvinyl butyral (PVB)

[0216] As polymer, low-viscosity PVB ( BA 20S).

[0217] First, a mixture consisting of 74.965% PVB, 24.987% diethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate / triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.022% magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 0.026% magnesium (II) 2-ethylbutyrate was dry blended in a high-speed mixer.

[0218] Compounding was carried out on a Brabender kneader with (100-x)% of the dry blend plus x% of additives, as given in the table below. The kneader was under a nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature was set at 135° C., the rotation speed of the mixing element was set at 30 rpm and the kneading duration was set at 10 minutes. The amount of each compound kneaded in the Brabender kneader was 48 g.

[0219] Further, the kneaded compound was compressed into a sheet in a press set at 185° C., with a pre-time of 1 minute at 5 bar and a pressing time of 2 minutes at 250 bar. Cooling was carried out in a second press at room temperature for 1.5 minutes. Teflon foil was placed on each side of the plate of the press to avoid the compound from sticking to the metal. A sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm was obtained.

[0220] The panels were then exposed to long-term accelerated weathering in an Atlas Xenon Weathering Tester under the parameters of ASTM G 155 (Xenon lamp, irradiance 0.30 W / (m2·nm)@340 nm, following the settings of cycle 4: dry bulb temperature 35°C, black panel temperature 55°C, relative humidity 55%, no water spray). Measurements were made at different times, given in hours in the table below.

[0221] Measurement method:

[0222] Transparency and haze (in %) are measured according to ASTM D 1003. The higher the transparency, the better, and the lower the haze, the better.

[0223] Yellowness index, unitless, according to ASTM E313. The lower the better.

[0224] ΔE*, in CIELAB units, is the square root of the square of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at the recall time minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4. The lower it is, the better.

[0225] Table 2: Transparency [%] after exposure (4007 hours) according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4

[0226]

[0227]

[0228] The above results show that the clarity values ​​of the PVB stabilized with Examples 3 and 4 are significantly higher.

[0229] Table 3: Haze [%] after exposure (4007 hours) according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4

[0230]

[0231] The above results show that the haze value of PVB stabilized with Example 5 is significantly lower.

[0232] Table 4: Yellowness index after exposure (after 4007 hours) according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4

[0233]

[0234] The above results show that the yellowness index values ​​of the PVB stabilized with Examples 6 and 7 are significantly lower.

[0235] Table 5: Yellowness index after exposure (after 500 hours) according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4

[0236]

[0237] The above results show that the yellowness index value of the PVB stabilized with Example 8 is significantly lower.

[0238] Table 6: ΔE* [CIELAB units] after exposure (4007 hours) according to ASTM G 155 cycle 4

[0239]

[0240] The above results show that the ΔE* color difference of the PVB stabilized with Examples 9 and 10 is significantly lower.

[0241] Example with PET fibers

[0242] method:

[0243] All PET fibers tested in this section contained a base stabilizer consisting of 0.02% pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) and 0.08% bis-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) pentaerythritol diphosphite. The additives (all in powder form, or if not in powder form, specially ground on a laboratory scale to obtain additives in powder form) were dry mixed with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (Invista 4048, with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.645 (1% solution in dichloroacetic acid) and <1.1% wt. diethylene glycol) also pre-ground to powder in a high-speed mixer at 3000 rpm for 2 minutes to provide a formulation. The additive content is reported in % by weight based on the weight of PET.

[0244] The mixture was predried in a vacuum oven at 120°C for 8 hours. The moisture content after predrying measured by Karl-Fischer titration was 0.004%. The dry blend was melt extruded into pellets in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw having a diameter of 25 mm and an aspect ratio of 47. The screw rotation speed was 160 rpm, the material throughput was 15 kg / hour, the zone settings were 30°C / 230°C / 240°C / 250°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C, and the melt temperature was 271°C. The extrudate was cooled directly in water after leaving the extruder nozzle. The granulation of the extrudate was carried out in air. Pellets were obtained.

[0245] The pellets were pre-dried and recrystallized in a vacuum oven at 160° C. for 3 hours. The pre-dried and recrystallized pellets were then melt-spun on a melt spinning machine with a single screw extruder, wherein the screw rotation speed was 76 rpm, and wherein the temperature zone was set to 250° C. / 260° C. / 270° C. / 280° C. / 190° C. The melt temperature was 303° C.

[0246] The temperature of the spinning head was set at 290°C. The nozzle comprised 40 holes to obtain a yarn with 40 filaments, each of 4.5 denier. The speeds on the various godet rolls were 238 m / min, 300 m / min, 950 m / min and 950 m / min on godet rolls 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Godet rolls 2 and 3 were heated at 100°C and godet roll 4 at 40°C: the take-up speed of the take-up roll was 1050 m / min. The draw ratio was 1:3.2.

[0247] The PET fibers were then rolled on a PMMA sheet to have a layer of parallel PET fibers parallel to each other. The rolled PET fibers were then exposed in an Atlas xenon lamp weathering tester under the parameter settings in DIN EN ISO105 B04 and DIN EN ISO105 B06 for long-term accelerated weathering testing. The parameters according to DIN EN ISO105 B04 were xenon lamp, irradiance 42 W / (m2·nm)@300-400 nm (equivalent to 0.36 W / (m2·nm)@340 nm), dry bulb temperature 38°C, black standard temperature 60°C, relative humidity 10%, 29 minutes of irradiance plus a cycle of 1 minute of irradiance and water spraying. The parameters according to DIN EN ISO105B06 were xenon lamp, irradiance 1.20 W / (m2·nm)@420 nm, dry bulb temperature 65°C, black standard temperature 100°C, relative humidity 30%, and no water spraying was used. The title of each of the following tables mentions which weathering exposure was used. The measurements were taken at different times and are given in hours in the table below.

[0248] Measurement method:

[0249] Unexposed and exposed PET fibers were subjected to tensile strength testing for one yarn after conditioning at room temperature and 55% relative humidity for 48 hours. The tensile test was performed at a traverse speed of 100 mm / min. The maximum force was recorded and normalized to 100% at time zero. The higher the retention over time, the better.

[0250] The results summarized in the table below are given after 519 hours of exposure, as shown in the right-hand column.

[0251] Table 7: Maximum force [%] upon exposure according to DIN EN ISO 105B04, normalized to 100% at time zero.

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] The above results show that the maximum force of the PET fibers stabilized with Examples 11-14 is significantly higher.

[0255] Table 8: Maximum force [%] upon exposure according to DIN EN ISO 105B06, normalized to 100% at time zero.

[0256]

[0257] The above results show that the maximum force of the PET fibers stabilized with Examples 15 and 16 is significantly higher.

[0258] Example with PMMA

[0259] As the polymer, a melt volume rate of 6 cm at 230°C and 3.8 kg was used. 3 / 10min and a density of 1.19g / cm 3 And PMMA grades with a Vicat softening temperature of 103°C according to ISO 306 method B / 50 ( 7N).

[0260] A solution consisting of 40 g of dichloromethane plus (10*(100-x) / 100) g of PMMA plus x*10 / 100 g of additives was prepared by stirring for twelve hours (after at least two hours, a solution was obtained). The solution was then cast onto a glass substrate and spread by a moving system at a speed of 12 m / s with a doctor blade having an opening of 120 microns. The cast solution was left to dry on the glass plate for 20 minutes, then removed and left to dry at room temperature and ambient humidity for 24 hours. The solution cast film obtained had a thickness of 30 microns.

[0261] The films were then exposed in an Atlas xenon weathering tester under the parameter settings in DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 or cycle 5 for long-term accelerated weathering. The exposure parameters according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 were: xenon lamp, irradiance 60 W / m2@300-400 nm (equivalent to 0.51 W / (m2·nm)@340 nm), dry bulb temperature 40°C, black standard temperature 65°C, relative humidity 50%. A cycle of 102 minutes of irradiance plus 18 minutes of irradiance and water spray was performed. The exposure parameters according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 5 were: xenon lamp, irradiance 50 W / m2@300-400 nm (equivalent to 0.43 W / (m2·nm)@340 nm), dry bulb temperature 38°C, black standard temperature 65°C, relative humidity 50%. No water spray was used.

[0262] Measurement method:

[0263] The measurements were taken at different times, given in hours in the table below. The UV-vis absorbance of the unexposed and exposed films was measured using a Lambda 20 UV-vis spectrometer from PerkinElmer. For the first table below, the optical absorbance spectrum was collected at 290nm (which corresponds to the wavelength at or near the maximum absorbance), and for the other tables below, the optical absorbance spectrum was collected at the maximum between 250nm and 400nm. The results of absorbance reduction (in percentage) at different times are reported in the following tables, and the absorbance at time zero is taken as 100%. The higher the retention over time, the better.

[0264] ΔE*, in CIELAB units, is the square root of the square of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at the recall time minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4. The lower it is, the better.

[0265] Table 10: Absorbance at 290 nm [%] after exposure (after 1100 h) to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 5, normalized to 100% at time zero.

[0266]

[0267] The above results show that the absorbance of the PMMA film stabilized with Example 17 is significantly higher.

[0268] Table 11: ΔE* color difference [CIELAB units] after exposure (after 1784 hours) according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1

[0269]

[0270] The above results show that the ΔE* color difference of the PMMA films stabilized with Examples 18 and 19 is significantly lower.

[0271] Table 12: ΔE* color difference [CIELAB units] after exposure (after 1497 hours) according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 5.

[0272]

[0273] The above results show that the ΔE* color difference of the PMMA film stabilized with Example 20 is significantly lower.

[0274] Table 13: Absorbance [%] at the maximum between 250 nm and 400 nm after exposure (3225 h) to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1, normalized to 100% at time zero.

[0275]

[0276] The above results show that the absorbance of the PMMA film stabilized with Example 21 is significantly higher.

[0277] Example with PMMA

[0278] As the polymer, a melt volume rate of 1.4 cm at 230°C and 3.8 kg was used. 3 / 10min and a density of 1.19g / cm 3 And PMMA grades with a Vicat softening temperature of 103°C according to ISO 306 method B / 50 ( 7H).

[0279] PMMA was freeze ground and vacuum dried at 80°C for 3 hours. Powder-powder mixing with additives was carried out on a high-speed mixer at 80°C. The dry blend was melt-extruded into pellets in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw having a diameter of 25mm and an aspect ratio of 46. The screw rotation speed was 150rpm, the zone settings were 190°C / 200°C / 210°C / 220°C / 220°C / 220°C / 220°C / 220°C, and the melt temperature was between 245°C and 249°C. The extruder feeder was in a nitrogen atmosphere (30ml / min). The extrudate was cooled directly in water after leaving the extruder nozzle. The granulation of the extrudate was carried out in air. Pellets were obtained. The obtained pellets were dried at 80°C for 3 hours in an air dryer. The pre-dried pellets were then injection molded at 240°C to obtain a plate having a thickness of 2mm×44mm×68mm.

[0280] Measurement method: Yellowness index, unitless, according to ASTM E313. The lower the better.

[0281] Table 14: Initial yellowness index at 0 hours.

[0282]

[0283] The above results show that the initial yellowing index of the PMMA plate stabilized with Example 22 of the present invention is significantly lower.

[0284] Example with polycarbonate

[0285] As a polymer, the density is 1.20g / cm3 Polycarbonate grades suitable for injection molding ( 115). A solution consisting of 40 g of dichloromethane plus (10*(100-x) / 100) g of PC plus x*10 / 100 g of additives was prepared by stirring for twelve hours (after at least two hours, a solution was obtained). The solution was then cast onto a glass substrate and spread by a moving system at a speed of 12 m / s with a scraper having an opening of 120 microns. The cast solution was left to dry on the glass plate for 20 minutes, then taken out and left to dry at room temperature and ambient humidity for 24 hours. The solution cast film obtained had a thickness of 30 microns.

[0286] The films were then exposed in an Atlas xenon weathering tester for long-term accelerated weathering under the parameter settings in DIN EN ISO4892-2 cycle 1. The exposure parameters according to DIN EN ISO4892-2 cycle 1 are: xenon lamp, irradiance 60W / m2@300-400nm (equivalent to 0.51W / (m2·nm)@340nm), dry bulb temperature 40°C, black standard temperature 65°C, relative humidity 50%. A cycle of 102 minutes of irradiance plus 18 minutes of irradiance and water spraying was performed.

[0287] Measurement method:

[0288] The measurements were taken at different times and are given in hours in the table below.

[0289] Yellowness index, unitless, according to ASTM E313. The lower the better.

[0290] ΔE*, in CIELAB units, is the square root of the square of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at the recall time minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4. The lower it is, the better.

[0291] Table 15: Yellowness index after exposure (3000h) according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1

[0292]

[0293] The above results show that the yellowing index values ​​of the PC films stabilized with Examples 23 and 24 are significantly lower.

[0294] Table 16: ΔE* color difference after exposure (3000 hours) according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 [CIELAB units]

[0295]

[0296]

[0297] The above results show that the yellowing index of the PC film stabilized with Example 25 is significantly lower.

Claims

1. Use of a co-stabilizer of formula (1) for further improving the stability of synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine against light-induced degradation in E1 is hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from -OH, C2-C 18 C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX1 and -OC(O)X2 18 Alkyl, wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1-C 18 Alkyl; C3-C with oxygen insertion 50 Alkyl or oxygen-inserted C3-C 50 hydroxyalkyl; and E2, E3, E4 and E5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups; And wherein the hydroxyphenyl triazine is different from the co-stabilizer having formula (1).

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of the costabilizer to the hydroxyphenyltriazine is from 2:1 to 1:150, preferably from 1:5 to 1:80, and in particular from 1:25 to 1:

50.

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein In this stabilizer, E1 is C1-C 13 Alkyl, preferably linear or branched octyl.

4. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The co-stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of formula (2), (3) and (4) 5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein These synthetic polymers are polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyvinyl butyral or polycarbonate.

6. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The hydroxyphenyl triazine is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of formula (BI) and (B-II) wherein G2, G3, G4 and G5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl groups; n is 1 or 2, When n is 1, G1 is C1-C 18 Alkyl, or C2-C 18 Hydroxyalkyl, and When n is 2, G1 is a bridging group having the formula ROCOR', wherein R and R' are independently C1-C 18 Alkylene, wherein Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are independently hydrogen, C1-C 18 Alkyl, C1-C substituted by hydroxy 18 Alkyl, inserted with oxygen at C2-C 18 Alkyl or C2-C 18 Hydroxyalkyl, 1, 2 or 3 selected from -OH, C2-C 18 C1-C2 substituted with a group consisting of -C(O)OX1 and -OC(O)X2 18 Alkyl, wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1-C 18 alkyl, and T1, T2 and T3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C 18 alkyl.

7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein In the hydroxyphenyl triazines of formula (BI) and (B-II), G2, G3, G4 and G5 are independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are independently hydrogen or C1-C 10 Alkyl, and T1, T2 and T3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl.

8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The hydroxyphenyltriazine is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of formula (B1) to (B6) 9. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein This further increase in the stability against degradation induced by light is determined when comparing a) the synthetic polymer stabilized with the hydroxyphenyltriazine but without the co-stabilizer with b) the synthetic polymer stabilized with the hydroxyphenyltriazine and the co-stabilizer.

10. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The co-stabilizer is present in the synthetic polymer in an amount ranging from 0.0005% to 10%, preferably from 0.005% to 5% and in particular from 0.01% to 2.5% or from 0.05% to 2% relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

11. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein The hydroxyphenyltriazine may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount ranging from 0.005% to 10%, preferably from 0.005% to 5% and in particular from 0.01% to 2.5% or from 0.05% to 2% relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

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