Sample and method for verifying precision of quenching simulation model

Abstract

The invention discloses a sample and method for verifying the precision of a quenching simulation model, a main body of the sample is provided with a first plate body and a second plate body on two opposite sides in a first direction, the thickness of the first plate body is smaller than that of the second plate body, and the first plate body and the second plate body are connected through a wedge-shaped transition part; a measuring channel groove and a circular through hole are formed in the main body, the measuring channel groove comprises a straight line section and a corner section, the straight line section is formed in the side edge of the main body in the second direction and extends towards the central area of the main body in the second direction, and the straight line section is connected to the circular through hole through the corner section; the measuring channel groove and the circular through hole are matched to form a continuous special-shaped groove structure, and the first direction intersects with the second direction. According to the structure of the sample, the deformation in different directions can be amplified, and the deformation of the sample can be more accurately measured so as to judge the deformation condition of the sample in a quenching experiment, so that a quenching simulation model can be more accurately verified based on measured data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment simulation, and in particular relates to a sample and a method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloys have excellent comprehensive properties and are widely used in the aerospace industry. In order to obtain high strength, solid solution quenching is an important heat treatment process for aluminum alloys. For complex structural parts and thin-walled parts, quenching can easily cause parts to deform. In order to regulate and predict this deformation, it is necessary to accurately predict the changes in temperature and stress fields in various parts during the computational simulation process, which in turn depends on a more accurate stress model.

[0003] Currently, there are some specimens and methods for testing heat treatment deformation. For example, the prior art discloses a nested specimen for vacuum quenching deformation test of cold working die steel, which measures deformation through a nesting doll structure, but this method is mainly aimed at specific steels, and the specimen structure is complex, there may be errors in the measurement, and it fails to fully consider multi-directional deformation. For another example, the prior art discloses a heat treatment deformation control method for box-type aluminum castings, in which a C-type specimen is used to correct the mathematical model, but the C-type specimen is small in size and can usually only reflect deformation in a single direction. For castings with complex structures, large differences in wall thickness, and possible multi-directional deformation and torsion, the model correction ability is limited. Therefore, the existing model verification method is insufficient in comprehensiveness and accuracy, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-precision prediction of quenching deformation of complex parts. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a specimen for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model, aiming to use a specially designed specimen to conduct a quenching experiment. The structure of the specimen can amplify the deformation in different directions, so that the deformation of the specimen can be measured more accurately to judge the deformation of the specimen in the quenching experiment. Based on the measured data, the quenching simulation model can be verified and evaluated more accurately.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a specimen for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model, wherein the main body of the specimen has a first plate body and a second plate body on opposite sides in a first direction, respectively, the thickness of the first plate body is less than the thickness of the second plate body, the first plate body and the second plate body are connected by a wedge-shaped transition portion, a measuring channel groove and a circular through hole are opened on the main body, the measuring channel groove includes a straight line segment and a corner segment, the straight line segment is opened from the side of the main body in the second direction and extends along the second direction toward the central area of ​​the main body, the straight line segment is connected to the circular through hole through the corner segment, the measuring channel groove and the circular through hole cooperate to form a continuous special-shaped groove structure, wherein the first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the body of the sample is an integrally formed plate-like structure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the measurement channel groove is opened on the first plate body, and the side of the measurement channel groove close to the second plate body in the first direction is flush with the side of the first plate body close to the second plate body in the first direction, and the width of the first plate body in the first direction is greater than or equal to 4 times the width of the measurement channel groove in the first direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, the angle formed by the straight line segment and the corner segment ranges from 130° to 140°.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second plate in the third direction is greater than or equal to 2 times the thickness of the first plate in the third direction, the width of the first plate in the first direction is equal to the width of the second plate in the first direction, the total width of the main body in the first direction is greater than or equal to 3 times the width of the first plate in the first direction, the width of the second plate in the first direction is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second plate in the third direction, wherein the second direction intersects with the third direction.

[0010] In some embodiments, the circular through hole is opened in the wedge-shaped transition portion, the diameter of the circular through hole in the first direction is less than or equal to the width of the wedge-shaped transition portion in the first direction, and the diameter of the circular through hole in the first direction is greater than or equal to the width of the first plate body in the first direction or the width of the second plate body in the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, the total length of the body in the second direction is greater than or equal to 2 times the total width of the body in the first direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, two mounting holes are further provided on the main body, the radii of the two mounting holes in the first direction are equal, the two mounting holes are symmetrically arranged at two corner areas of the main body, the circular through hole is provided between the two mounting holes and the measuring channel groove, and the diameter of the circular through hole in the first direction is greater than or equal to 3 times the radius of the mounting hole in the first direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the distances between the center of the circular through hole and the two first-direction sides of the main body are equal, the distance between the center of the circular through hole and the first-direction side of the main body and the distance between the center of the circular through hole and the second-direction side of the main body away from the measuring channel groove are equal, the distances between the center of the mounting hole and the first-direction side and the second-direction side adjacent to the corner area where the mounting hole is located are equal, and the distance between the center of the circular through hole and the first-direction side of the main body is greater than or equal to twice the distance between the center of the mounting hole and the adjacent first-direction side.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model, comprising: processing a sample material according to preset size parameters to obtain a sample; performing a quenching test on the sample, recording experimental parameters and obtaining experimental data of the sample; the experimental data includes experimental channel width data and experimental height data; constructing a quenching simulation model using material parameters and the experimental parameters, and obtaining simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model; the simulation data includes simulation channel width data and simulation height data; A model accuracy parameter of the quenching simulation model is determined according to the experimental data and the simulation data.

[0015] In some embodiments, the sample includes a measuring channel slot, and the quenching test on the sample, recording the experimental parameters and obtaining the experimental data of the sample includes: constraining the sample to a preset test position; measuring the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot in an initial state; using a solid solution furnace to perform solid solution treatment on the sample constrained to the preset test position; after the solid solution is completed, introducing the sample into a quenching medium along a first direction for quenching treatment; measuring the experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after quenching; releasing the constraints of the sample in a preset order; and measuring the experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after the constraints are released.

[0016] In some embodiments, the sample includes two mounting holes, and constraining the sample in a preset test position includes: passing a restraining member with a spring gasket through the mounting hole of the sample and the material rack in sequence; applying a preset torque force to the restraining member to constrain the sample on the material rack in a manner extending along a second direction; and hanging the material rack in the solid melting furnace.

[0017] In some embodiments, the use of a solid solution furnace to perform solid solution treatment on the sample constrained at the preset test position includes: heating the temperature in the solid solution furnace to a solid solution temperature using a set heating rate; maintaining the temperature in the solid solution furnace at the solid solution temperature for a preset time.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method for measuring the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel groove includes: determining multiple measurement points along the two sides of the measurement channel groove in the second direction by determining a measurement point at a preset interval; taking two adjacent measurement points in the first direction as a measurement group to obtain multiple measurement groups; measuring the width of each measurement group in the first direction to obtain the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel groove.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method for measuring the experimental height data of the measurement channel groove includes: using a projection method to obtain a projection curve of the warped portion of the sample on a preset plane; the preset plane is a plane where the second direction and the third direction are located, and the second direction intersects the third direction; along the second direction, a plurality of measurement points are determined on the projection curve by determining a measurement point at every preset interval; based on the projection curve, measuring the experimental height data of each of the measurement points in the third direction.

[0020] In some embodiments, the main body of the specimen has a first plate body and a second plate body on opposite sides in a first direction, respectively, the thickness of the first plate body is less than the thickness of the second plate body, and releasing the constraints of the specimen in a preset order includes: disassembling the constraints on one side of the first plate body; disassembling the constraints on one side of the second plate body, to obtain the specimen in a completely stress released state.

[0021] In some embodiments, the quenching simulation model is constructed using the material parameters and the experimental parameters, and obtaining the simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model includes: obtaining the thermophysical parameters of the sample material; obtaining the stress-strain curve of the sample material using a high-temperature tensile test; fitting the model parameters of the elastic-plastic finite element model based on the stress-strain curve of the sample material; obtaining the interface heat transfer coefficient of the quenching medium at different temperatures through experiments; constructing the quenching simulation model, and determining the boundary conditions of the quenching simulation model based on the thermophysical parameters, the model parameters, the interface heat transfer coefficient and the experimental parameters; and using the quenching simulation model to simulate the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot of the sample in the initial state, the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after quenching, and the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after constraint release.

[0022] In some embodiments, the model accuracy parameters include the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation and the accuracy of springback simulation after removing constraints. Determining the model accuracy parameters of the quenching simulation model based on the experimental data and the simulation data includes: determining the accuracy of the quenching deformation simulation based on the experimental data, the simulation data and a first accuracy calculation method; determining the accuracy of the springback simulation after removing constraints based on the experimental data, the simulation data and a second accuracy calculation method.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first accuracy calculation method includes: in, represents the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation in the first direction, Indicates the accuracy of the quenching deformation simulation in the third direction, represents the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot in the initial state, represents the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot in the initial state, represents the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, It represents the simulated height data of the measuring channel groove after quenching.

[0024] In some embodiments, the second accuracy calculation method includes: in, represents the accuracy of the springback simulation in the first direction, Indicates the accuracy of the springback simulation in the third direction, represents the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released, represents the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released, represents the experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after the constraint is released, Represents simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The specimens designed with preset dimensions can amplify the deformation in different directions in the quenching experiment, making the deformation easier to measure, so that the accuracy of the model can be more accurately evaluated, verified and assessed using more accurate test data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and are used together with the specification to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sample for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic front view of a sample provided in this embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic side view of a sample provided in this embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another sample for verifying the accuracy of the quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment; Figure 5 A schematic flow chart of a method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a method flow chart for a quenching experiment on a sample provided in this embodiment; Figure 7 A schematic flow chart of a method for constraining a specimen at a preset test position provided in this embodiment; Figure 8A schematic diagram of the restraint clamping method of the sample and the material rack provided in this embodiment; Fig. 9 A schematic flow chart of a method for performing a solution treatment on a sample provided in this embodiment; Fig.10 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring experimental channel width data of a measurement channel slot provided in this embodiment; Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a top view of the test points on the sample provided in this embodiment; Fig.12 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring experimental height data of a measuring channel groove provided in this embodiment; Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the side view identification of the test points on the sample provided in this embodiment; Fig.14 A schematic flow chart of a method for releasing constraints on a sample in a preset order provided in this embodiment; Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the process flow of the method for constructing a quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment; Fig.16 A schematic flow chart of a method for determining model accuracy parameters provided in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present disclosure generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0029] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may also be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "circumferential" and similar expressions used herein are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0031] The term "and / or" herein only describes an association relationship, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C may represent including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The present application provides a sample for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model, which may refer to a sample obtained by processing a sample material according to preset dimensional parameters. Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a sample for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the first direction may refer to the x direction, the second direction may refer to the z direction, and the third direction may refer to the y direction. The main body of the sample may have a first plate body 100 and a second plate body 200 on opposite sides in the first direction x. The thickness H1 of the first plate body 100 in the third direction y is less than the thickness H2 of the second plate body 200 in the third direction y, and the first plate body 100 and the second plate body 200 are connected by a wedge-shaped transition portion 300. A measuring channel groove 400 and a circular through hole 500 are provided on the main body. The measuring channel groove 400 may include a straight segment and a corner segment. The straight segment may be provided from the side of the main body in the second direction z and extend toward the central area of ​​the main body along the second direction z, and the straight segment is connected to the circular through hole 500 through the corner segment. The measuring channel groove 400 and the circular through hole 500 cooperate to form a continuous special-shaped groove structure. It is worth noting that the first direction x intersects with the second direction z (preferably in a perpendicular relationship).

[0035] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the main body of the sample has a first plate body 100 and a second plate body 200 on opposite sides in the first direction x. One of the core designs is that the thickness H1 of the first plate body 100 is significantly smaller than the thickness H2 of the second plate body 200, for example, preferably H2≥2H1. During the quenching process, due to the different cooling rates of different thickness regions, different thickness regions will produce uneven thermal stress and strain distribution. Therefore, by designing the sample to have a certain thickness difference between the first plate body 100 and the second plate body 200, the sample will produce predictable and easy-to-measure deformation, especially warping deformation, in the quenching experiment. At the same time, the first plate body 100 and the second plate body 200 are smoothly connected by the wedge-shaped transition portion 300, which avoids the problem of stress concentration caused by thickness mutation and ensures that the deformation of the sample is mainly driven by the overall thermodynamic behavior.

[0036] At the same time, a measuring channel groove 400 and a circular through hole 500 are provided on the main body of the sample to ensure that the deformation generated on the sample can be effectively captured and quantified when the sample is used for quenching experiments. The measuring channel groove includes a straight section and a corner section, and the straight section is provided from the side of the main body in the second direction z and extends toward the central area of ​​the main body along the second direction. The straight section is connected to the circular through hole 500 through the corner section. The measuring channel groove 400 and the circular through hole 500 cooperate to form a continuous special-shaped groove structure. The special-shaped groove structure, especially the narrow and long measuring channel groove 400, can effectively utilize the lever effect or geometric amplification effect. Specifically, the circular through hole 500 and the wedge-shaped transition portion 300 around it are areas where the thermal stress of the sample is relatively concentrated, and initial deformation will occur during the quenching process. The narrow and long measuring channel groove 400 is like a sensitive indicator arm, which can significantly amplify the small deformation from the central area (especially the width change in the first direction x and the warping / height change in the third direction y) at the opening end of the measuring channel groove 400 or along its length. It can be seen that the quenching experiment using the above-mentioned sample can amplify the deformation of the sample after quenching. The narrow and long measuring channel amplifies the deformation from the hollow circle at the end of the channel, making it easy to measure, and the amplification effect is in the first direction x and the third direction y, which makes it easy to accurately obtain tiny deformations that may have been difficult to measure accurately through conventional measurement methods (such as calipers, projectors or three-coordinate measuring machines).

[0037] In one embodiment, the main body of the sample is an integrally formed plate-like structure. This overall design avoids stress concentration or non-uniformity that may be introduced by splicing or welding, and ensures that the deformation of the sample during the quenching process is entirely due to the characteristics and geometric shape of the material itself, rather than defects in the manufacturing process. The integrally formed plate-like structure also simplifies the sample preparation process, improves the repeatability of the test and the reliability of the results. Usually, this type of sample can be directly processed from the raw material plate by CNC milling, wire cutting or other precision machining methods to ensure that the geometric dimensions and surface quality meet the test requirements.

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front view of the sample provided in this embodiment, Figure 3A schematic side view of a sample provided for this embodiment. In one embodiment, the measuring channel groove 400 is provided on the first plate body 100, and the side edge of the measuring channel groove 400 close to the second plate body 200 in the first direction x is flush with the side edge of the first plate body 100 close to the second plate body 200 in the first direction x. That is, one side edge of the measuring channel groove 400 is located at the junction of the first plate body 100 and the wedge-shaped transition portion 300, and the other side edge of the measuring channel groove 400 is located on the first plate body 100. This arrangement aligns one side edge of the measuring channel groove 400 with the transition area of ​​the plate body, and can capture the deformation gradient near the transition area. The width of the first plate body 100 in the first direction x is greater than or equal to 4 times the width of the measuring channel groove 400 in the first direction x. Define the width of the measuring channel groove 400 in the first direction x as Wm, and define the width of the first plate body 100 in the first direction x as T, then T≥4Wm.

[0039] In one embodiment, the measuring channel groove 400 is preferably opened on the thinner first plate body 100. Considering that the thin-walled part usually experiences a faster cooling rate and produces more significant deformation during the quenching process, setting the measuring channel groove 400 on the first plate body 100 can maximize the use of the deformation characteristics of the material, further enhance the deformation amplification effect and the measurement sensitivity. At the same time, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results and the structural stability of the sample, the width of the first plate body 100 in the first direction x is greater than or equal to 4 times the width of the measuring channel groove 400 in the first direction x. This proportional relationship ensures that there is sufficient material support on both sides of the measuring channel groove 400, avoiding excessive interference of the measurement results by the free edge effect of the sample, and also ensures that when the sample is subjected to quenching stress, especially in the measuring channel groove 400 area, no unexpected buckling or failure occurs, ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of the measurement. This design ratio is optimized to maximize the deformation effect while maintaining the overall strength and rigidity of the sample, avoiding excessive deformation or fracture during the test process. In summary, the specimen provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively amplify and stably present the multi-axis deformation characteristics during the quenching process through its unique thickness difference design, special-shaped groove structure and optimized size ratio, laying the foundation for the subsequent comprehensive and accurate verification of the accuracy of the quenching simulation model by comparing experimental measurement data with simulation data.

[0040] In one embodiment, a precisely designed measuring channel groove 400 and a circular through hole 500 are provided on the specimen body, which together constitute a structural system for accurately measuring deformation. The measuring channel groove 400 is composed of a straight line segment and a corner segment, and the angle formed by the straight line segment and the corner segment is in the range of 130° to 140°. This continuous special-shaped groove design can effectively amplify the deformation of the specimen during the quenching process, enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurement, and especially the ability to detect small deformations.

[0041] In one embodiment, the thickness H2 of the second plate 200 in the third direction y is greater than or equal to twice the thickness H1 of the first plate 100 in the third direction y, that is, H2≥2H1. Specifically, the significant thickness difference H2≥2H1 is one of the core features of the sample design. In a typical design, the thickness H1 of the first plate 100 may be 6 mm, while the thickness H2 of the second plate 200 may be 12 mm or higher. This thickness ratio relationship causes the sample to produce uneven cooling rate and thermal stress distribution during the quenching process. The thinner first plate area cools faster, forming a larger thermal gradient, which in turn produces more obvious deformation.

[0042] The width of the first plate body 100 in the first direction x is equal to the width of the second plate body 200 in the first direction, both of which are T. The widths of the first plate body 100 and the second plate body 200 in the first direction are designed to be equal. This equal-width design makes the thickness change the dominant factor affecting the deformation, which facilitates the analysis of the influence of thickness on quenching deformation.

[0043] The total width W of the main body in the first direction x is greater than or equal to 3 times the width of the first plate 100 in the first direction x, that is, W≥3T. The W≥3T of the specimen, this proportional relationship ensures that the specimen has sufficient overall size and can represent the deformation characteristics of a large workpiece. The width T of the second plate 200 in the first direction x is greater than or equal to the thickness H2 of the second plate 200 in the third direction y, that is, T≥H2. The design principle of T≥H2 enables the specimen to maintain the basic characteristics of a plate-like structure and avoids the complication of three-dimensional thermal stress distribution that may be caused by block proportions. It is worth noting that the second direction z intersects with the third direction y (usually in a vertical relationship). Preferably, the first direction x, the second direction z and the third direction y are perpendicular to each other, forming a complete three-dimensional coordinate system, so that the geometric characteristics and deformation behavior of the specimen can be accurately described and analyzed in three-dimensional space.

[0044] In one embodiment, the circular through hole 500 is opened in the wedge-shaped transition portion 300, located in the central area of ​​the sample, and is an important component of the special-shaped groove structure. The diameter D of the circular through hole 500 in the first direction x is less than or equal to the width W-2T of the wedge-shaped transition portion 300 in the first direction x, that is, D≤W-2T, to ensure that the through hole is completely located in the transition area, and the deformation characteristics of the transition area can be effectively captured. At the same time, the diameter D of the circular through hole 500 in the first direction x is greater than or equal to the width T of the first plate body 100 in the first direction x or the width T of the second plate body 200 in the first direction x, that is, D≥T. This larger size enables the circular through hole to significantly affect the overall stiffness distribution of the sample and amplify the deformation effect during the quenching process. Preferably, the connection between the circular through hole 500 and the measurement channel groove 400 can be designed as a smoothly transitioned corner section to avoid stress concentration that may be caused by sharp angles, while ensuring the continuity of deformation measurement.

[0045] In one embodiment, the total length L of the body in the second direction z is greater than or equal to twice the total width W of the body in the first direction x, that is, L≥2W, so that the specimen has a distinct rectangular shape. This aspect ratio design enables the measurement channel slot 400 to extend a sufficiently long distance along the second direction z to capture the deformation gradient along the length direction. At the same time, the sufficiently long size also ensures that there is a sufficient distance between the mounting hole 600 and the measurement area, reducing the direct impact of the constraints on the measurement area and improving the accuracy and representativeness of the measurement results. In practical applications, the typical specimen size may be 180 mm long in the second direction and 80 mm wide in the first direction. This ratio takes into account both the measurement requirements and the convenience of processing and operation.

[0046] Figure 4It is a structural schematic diagram of another sample for verifying the accuracy of the quenching simulation model provided by this embodiment. In one embodiment, two mounting holes 600 are also provided on the main body. In practical applications, the two mounting holes 600 provided on the main body can be used as a key structure for fixing the sample in the quenching test. The radius R of the two mounting holes 600 in the first direction x is equal. Among them, the radius R of the two mounting holes 600 can be determined according to the size of the constraint. Preferably, the radius R of the mounting hole 600 can be designed to accommodate bolts of standard size to fix the sample with bolts. The two mounting holes 600 are symmetrically arranged at the two corner areas of the main body, that is, at the intersection of the edges of the first direction x and the second direction z. This symmetrical arrangement ensures the balanced distribution of the constraint force. The circular through hole 500 is provided in the area between the two mounting holes 600 and the measuring channel groove 400, forming a layout structure of "mounting hole-circular through hole-measuring channel groove". The diameter D of the circular through hole 500 in the first direction x is greater than or equal to 3 times the radius R of the mounting hole 600 in the first direction, that is, D≥3R. This size ratio design can ensure that the circular through hole 500 is one of the most significant geometric features in the specimen, and can effectively affect the overall stiffness distribution of the specimen.

[0047] In one embodiment, the distances between the center of the circular through hole 500 and the two first-direction sides of the main body are equal, both are C, and 2C=W. The distance between the center of the circular through hole 500 and the first-direction side of the main body and the distance between the center of the circular through hole 500 and the second-direction side of the main body away from the measuring channel groove 400 are equal, both are C. The distances between the center of the mounting hole 600 and the first-direction side and the second-direction side adjacent to the corner area where the mounting hole 600 is located are equal, both are B. The distance between the center of the circular through hole 500 and the first-direction side of the main body is greater than or equal to twice the distance between the center of the mounting hole 600 and the adjacent first-direction side, that is, C≥2B.

[0048] The center position of the circular through hole 500 is precisely calculated, and is equal to the distance C between the two first-direction sides of the main body, ensuring the lateral central symmetry. At the same time, the distance between the center of the circular through hole 500 and the first-direction side of the main body and the distance between the center of the circular through hole 500 and the second-direction side away from the measuring channel groove on the main body are also designed to be equal, forming a diagonally symmetrical layout. The center of the mounting hole 600 is equal to the distance between the first-direction side and the second-direction side adjacent to the corner area. This equidistant design ensures that there is sufficient and uniform material around the mounting hole to avoid local stress concentration when the constraint force is applied. The proportional relationship C≥2B maintains a sufficient distance between the mounting hole and the circular through hole, reduces the mutual influence between them, ensures that the constraint conditions do not significantly interfere with the deformation behavior of the central area, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

[0049] The present invention realizes the distortion effect of the sample in the x and y axis directions before and after quenching through special size design, and constrains the sample in the x direction through bolts with spring washers. The deformation comparison data before and after quenching and constraint release can be obtained through simple measurement and statistical methods, so as to comprehensively measure the accuracy of the quenching simulation model. The shape and size of the specific sample are as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0050] The main structure of the sample is: ① In the x direction, it is divided into two thicknesses, H1 and H2, and the total width W in the y direction occupies T width at both ends, and the remaining width in the middle is connected by a slash, H2≥2H1, W≥3T, T≥H2; ② On the xz plane, the specimen is a rectangle with a length of L and a width of W. On the side with a thickness of H1, there is a measurement channel with a width of Wm. The channel is straight from the outside to the inside and then turns, and is connected to the center of a hollow circle with a diameter of D at an angle of 135°. The length and width of the two sides closest to the center of the hollow circle are both C, and there are two through holes with a radius of R on the left and right. The length and width of the two sides closest to the center axis are both B, 2C=W, T≤D≤W-2T, R≤1 / 3D, B≤1 / 2C, W≤1 / 2L; This size design can magnify the deformation of the sample after quenching. The narrow and long measuring channel magnifies the deformation around the hollow circle at the end of the channel, making it easy to measure, and the magnification effect is effective in both the x direction and the y direction.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment. This embodiment of the application also provides a method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model. The method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model includes the following steps S1 to S4.

[0052] Step S1: Process the sample material according to preset size parameters to obtain a sample.

[0053] The sample material is processed according to the preset size parameters to obtain the sample. Specifically, the sample material is processed according to the predetermined shape and size requirements to form a sample with a specific geometric structure. In a specific embodiment, the preset size parameters may include: different thickness areas H1 and H2 in the x direction (where H2≥2H1), the total width W in the y direction (satisfying W≥3T), and the width Wm of the measurement channel, the diameter D of the hollow circle, and the radius R of the through holes on both sides. This special size design can amplify the deformation of the sample during the quenching process, making it easier to measure small deformations and improving the measurement accuracy.

[0054] Step S2: Perform a quenching test on the sample, record the experimental parameters and obtain the experimental data of the sample; the experimental data includes experimental channel width data and experimental height data.

[0055] Perform a quenching test on the sample, record the experimental parameters and obtain the experimental data of the sample. Among them, the experimental parameters may include but are not limited to data related to the sample, the experimental environment of the quenching test, experimental conditions and other parameters. In the subsequent steps, the quenching simulation model can simulate the quenching process of the sample more accurately based on the actual experimental parameters. During the quenching test, the data of the sample under different states are measured and the experimental data of the sample is recorded. Among them, the experimental data may include experimental channel width data and experimental height data. Based on the experimental channel width data, the deformation of the sample in the width direction can be determined, and based on the experimental height data, the deformation of the sample in the height direction can be determined.

[0056] Step S3: construct a quenching simulation model using material parameters and experimental parameters, and obtain simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model; the simulation data includes simulation channel width data and simulation height data.

[0057] A quenching simulation model is constructed using material parameters and experimental parameters, and simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model is obtained. Material parameters may refer to data related to the sample material. A quenching simulation model is constructed based on material parameters and experimental parameters, so that the quenching simulation model is used to simulate the quenching process. In the process of using the model to simulate the quenching test, simulation data of the sample under different states are obtained. Among them, the simulation data may include simulation channel width data and simulation height data. That is, the simulation channel width data is used to simulate the deformation of the sample in the width direction, and the simulation height data is used to simulate the deformation of the sample in the height direction.

[0058] Step S4: Determine the model accuracy parameters of the quenching simulation model according to the experimental data and the simulation data.

[0059] According to the experimental data and simulation data, the model accuracy parameters of the quenching simulation model are determined. This step calculates the accuracy of the quenching deformation simulation and the accuracy of the springback simulation after removing the constraints by comparing the differences between the experimental data and the simulation data.

[0060] The above method for verifying the accuracy of the quenching simulation model is to obtain experimental data of the sample in different directions by conducting a quenching experiment on a sample designed with preset dimensions. A quenching simulation model is constructed based on the experimental parameters recorded in the quenching experiment to obtain simulation data of the sample in different directions. The accuracy of the quenching simulation model is comprehensively evaluated based on the experimental data and simulation data, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the model verification.

[0061] Figure 6A schematic flow chart of a method for quenching experiment on a sample provided in this embodiment, in one embodiment, performing a quenching test on the sample, recording the experimental parameters and obtaining the experimental data of the sample may include the following steps S21 to S27.

[0062] Step S21: constrain the specimen at a preset test position.

[0063] In this embodiment, the preset test position may refer to a position where the test is constrained in a preset form in the experimental device.

[0064] Step S22: measuring the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot in the initial state.

[0065] The experimental channel width data of the measuring channel groove in the initial state is measured, that is, when the sample is in a restrained state but before quenching treatment, the width data of each position of the measuring channel groove 400 on the sample is measured and recorded as W mn 0(E) value. Where n represents the nth measurement position, E represents the experimental data, and 0 represents the initial state. These initial measurement data will serve as the reference value for subsequent deformation calculations.

[0066] Step S23: using a solid solution furnace to perform solid solution treatment on the sample constrained at the preset test position.

[0067] Ensure that the specimen is correctly placed in the preset test position in the solid solution furnace and that there is enough space for the specimen to ensure even heat distribution. Check the working status of the solid solution furnace, including whether the temperature control system, ventilation system, etc. are working properly. Set the appropriate solid solution temperature and holding time according to the material type and specification requirements of the specimen. The solid solution treatment parameters of different materials may vary greatly, so these parameters can be determined according to the heat treatment specifications of the specific material.

[0068] Step S24: After the solid solution is completed, the sample is introduced into a quenching medium along a first direction for quenching treatment.

[0069] Specifically, the sample after solid solution treatment is quickly immersed in a quenching medium (such as water) along the positive direction of the x-axis for quenching. This step preferably maintains the consistency of the quenching posture and the rapidity of the operation to ensure the controllability and repeatability of the cooling conditions. After the sample is fully cooled, it is taken out of the quenching medium and naturally cooled to room temperature in preparation for subsequent measurements.

[0070] Step S25: measuring the experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measurement channel groove after quenching.

[0071] The experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measuring channel groove 400 after quenching are measured, that is, the measurement is performed after the sample is quenched but still in a restrained state. The width data W of the measuring channel groove 400 after quenching is measured at the same position as the initial state measurement. mn 1(E), and the height data H of the measuring channel groove 400 mn 1(E). Among them, n represents the nth measurement position, E represents the experimental data, and 1 represents the state of the end of quenching under constraint conditions. These data reflect the deformation of the sample after the quenching test under constraint conditions.

[0072] Step S26: releasing the constraints of the sample in a preset order; In the actual quenching process of large and complex structural castings, a certain restraint load is often applied at key positions to prevent excessive deformation. When the load is unloaded after quenching, the parts will rebound due to the release of residual stress. Most of the existing distortion specimens and verification methods do not fully consider the impact of this restraint loading and unloading rebound on the final deformation.

[0073] Release the constraints of the specimen in a preset order, that is, remove the constraints imposed on the specimen in a specific order. Since the specimen has a plate structure with different thicknesses in the first direction (x direction), releasing the constraints in a reasonable order can ensure the smooth release of stress in the specimen during the release process, making the measurement results more accurate and reliable, and avoiding additional stress changes in the specimen due to improper release order.

[0074] Step S27: measuring the experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released.

[0075] In this embodiment, the experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released are measured, that is, after the constraint is completely released, the width data W of the measurement channel slot 400 is measured again at the same position as before. mn 2(E) and height data H mn 2(E) is used for measurement. Among them, n represents the nth measurement position, E represents the experimental data, and 2 represents the state after the constraint is released. These data reflect the deformation state of the specimen after stress release and material springback. By comparing the data differences before and after the constraint is released, the springback behavior of the material and the influence of the constraint on the quenching deformation can be evaluated, providing an important basis for accurately simulating the quenching deformation of complex parts.

[0076] In the above method, the deformation of the sample in the first direction x can be determined by obtaining the experimental channel width data of the sample under different states, and the deformation of the sample in the third direction y can be determined by obtaining the experimental height data of the sample under different states. At the same time, the influence of constraint and springback is also taken into account. By comparing the data before and after the quenching experiment and the data before and after the constraint release, the actual deformation of the material in the whole quenching process can be more comprehensively reflected, thereby more accurately verifying the accuracy of the quenching simulation model and improving the comprehensiveness of the model accuracy verification.

[0077] Figure 7 The present embodiment provides a flow chart of a method for constraining a specimen at a preset test position. In one embodiment, constraining the specimen at the preset test position may include the following steps S211 to S213.

[0078] Step S211: Pass the restraining member with the spring gasket through the mounting hole of the sample and the material rack in sequence.

[0079] Two mounting holes 600 are symmetrically arranged at two corners of the specimen body with equal diameters for mounting restraints. The positions of these mounting holes 600 are carefully designed to ensure that the restraint force can be applied evenly to the specimen without interfering with the normal deformation of the specimen during the quenching process.

[0080] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the constraint clamping method of the sample and the material rack provided in this embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 8 The form shown restrains the specimen on the rack. In specific operation, the specimen can be placed on the special rack first, so that the mounting hole 600 of the specimen is aligned with the corresponding hole on the rack, and then the restraining member with a spring washer (usually a high-strength bolt) is inserted from one side of the specimen, through the specimen mounting hole 600 and the rack, and finally fixed with a nut on the back of the rack. By using a restraining member with a spring washer, when the material undergoes thermal expansion and contraction during the quenching process, the spring washer can be used to maintain an appropriate restraining force to prevent the restraining force from being too large or too small to affect the test results.

[0081] Step S212: applying a preset torque force to the restraining member to restrain the sample on the rack in a manner of extending along the second direction.

[0082] A preset torque force is applied to the constraint member to constrain the sample on the rack in a manner extending along the second direction. In this embodiment, the preset torque force can be any value between 35Nm and 50Nm. During specific operations, a torque wrench can be used to apply a torque force between 35Nm and 50Nm to the bolt to ensure that the sample is firmly fixed on the rack. This torque range has been experimentally verified to provide sufficient restraint without causing deformation or damage to the sample. The constraint method in which the sample extends along the second direction z is to allow the sample to droop naturally along the length direction. During the quenching process, the sample can produce controlled deformation in the first direction x and the third direction y, which is similar to the constraint conditions of large and complex parts in actual production.

[0083] Step S213: Hang the material rack in the solid melting furnace.

[0084] Hang the rack in the solid solution furnace. Hang the rack with the fixed sample in the solid solution furnace through a special hanger. When hanging, make sure that the negative direction of the z-axis of the sample is consistent with the direction of gravity. This placement method can make gravity act evenly on the sample and avoid additional stress caused by improper placement. At the same time, the hanging method also makes it easier to remove it from the solid solution furnace and quickly introduce it into the quenching medium for quenching, reducing the time delay from solid solution to quenching, and ensuring the consistency of test conditions.

[0085] Fig. 9 The present embodiment provides a flow chart of a method for performing a solution treatment on a sample. In one embodiment, the solution treatment on the sample may include the following steps S231 to S232.

[0086] Step S231: raising the temperature in the solid solution furnace to the solid solution temperature using a set heating rate.

[0087] The temperature in the solid solution furnace is raised to the solid solution temperature at a set heating rate. According to the characteristics and thickness of the material, selecting an appropriate heating rate has an important influence on the solid solution effect and material properties. For aluminum alloy materials, a slower heating rate is usually used, which can ensure that the temperature of each part of the sample rises evenly and avoid thermal stress concentration and deformation caused by excessive temperature gradients. As the temperature gradually increases, the alloy elements in the sample material will gradually dissolve into the matrix to prepare for subsequent quenching treatment. Preferably, the temperature in the solid solution furnace is raised to 535°C at a heating rate of 180°C / h.

[0088] Step S232: maintaining the temperature in the solid solution furnace at the solid solution temperature for a preset time.

[0089] When the temperature of the solid solution furnace reaches the set solid solution temperature (such as 535°C in the embodiment), this temperature is maintained for a period of time (such as 6 hours) to ensure that the alloy elements in the sample material are fully dissolved in the matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution. The length of the holding time depends on the composition of the material, the thickness of the sample and the required performance requirements. Too short a holding time may lead to insufficient dissolution, while too long a holding time may cause grain coarsening and affect material properties. Therefore, it is very important to select a suitable holding time according to specific material and process requirements. The entire solid solution treatment process requires precise temperature control, and temperature fluctuations should be controlled within ±5°C to ensure the quality of the solid solution and the reliability of the test results.

[0090] Fig.10 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring experimental channel width data of a measurement channel slot provided in this embodiment, in one embodiment, measuring the experimental channel width data of a measurement channel slot may include the following steps S221 to S223.

[0091] Step S221: determining a plurality of measuring points along two sides of the measuring channel groove in the second direction by determining a measuring point at every preset interval.

[0092] When measuring the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot 400 , a scientific and reasonable measurement point position may be determined on the measurement channel slot 400 first. Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the top view of the test points on the sample provided in this embodiment, such as Fig.11 As shown, multiple measuring points are determined according to a preset spacing along the two sides of the measuring channel slot 400 in the second direction z. These measuring points should be evenly distributed in the area where the straight section of the measuring channel slot 400 is located, and can extend from the entrance of the measuring channel slot 400 to the corner section connected to the circular through hole 500. The number of measuring points is usually set at 5-7 to ensure that enough data points can be obtained for analysis. In practical applications, the spacing between the measuring points should be selected taking into account the total length of the measuring channel slot 400 and the measurement accuracy requirements. If the spacing is too large, the local deformation area may be missed, and if the spacing is too small, the workload will be increased without significant benefits. In this embodiment, the preset spacing can be 30 mm.

[0093] Step S222: taking two adjacent measurement points in the first direction as one measurement group, and obtaining a plurality of measurement groups.

[0094] Two adjacent measuring points in the first direction x are regarded as a measuring group, that is, the measuring points at the same z coordinate position on the left and right sides of the measuring channel slot 400 are paired to form a measuring group.

[0095] Step S223: measuring the width of each measurement group in the first direction to obtain experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot.

[0096] For each measurement group, use a high-precision measuring tool (such as a precision caliper, a three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine, or an optical measuring system) to measure the distance between two points in the first direction x, i.e., the channel width. This measurement method can accurately reflect the width variation of the measurement channel slot at different positions, thereby obtaining complete experimental channel width data W. mn 0(E), W mn 1(E), W mn 2(E) (where n represents the serial number of the measurement group, and the subscripts 0, 1, and 2 represent the initial state, the state after quenching, and the state after constraint release, respectively). In a preferred embodiment, each measurement group can be measured repeatedly for 3 times, and the average value is taken as the final result to ensure the measurement accuracy.

[0097] Fig.12 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring experimental height data of a measuring channel groove provided in this embodiment, in one embodiment, measuring the experimental height data of a measuring channel groove may include the following steps S224 to S226.

[0098] Step S224: using a projection method to obtain a projection curve of the warped portion of the sample on a preset plane; the preset plane is a plane where the second direction and the third direction are located, and the second direction intersects the third direction.

[0099] When measuring the experimental height data of the measuring channel groove 400, a special measurement method is used because the sample will produce warping deformation during the quenching process. The projection method is an effective method for measuring complex three-dimensional deformation. In the specific operation, the sample is placed on a reference plane, and a light source is used to illuminate the sample from the side to obtain a projection curve of the warped part of the sample on a preset plane (i.e., the yz plane, the plane where the second direction z and the third direction y are located). This projection method can be implemented by a projector, a three-dimensional scanner or a professional optical measuring device, and the generated projection curve can intuitively reflect the deformation of the sample in the y direction.

[0100] Step S225: determining a plurality of measuring points on the projection curve along the second direction in a manner of determining a measuring point at every preset interval.

[0101] A measurement point is determined at every preset interval along the second direction z, and these measurement points may be consistent with the z coordinates used when measuring the channel width to ensure the comparability of the data.

[0102] Step S226: Based on the projection curve, measuring the experimental height data of each measuring point in the third direction.

[0103] Fig.13The side view identification diagram of the test points on the sample provided in this embodiment, similarly, two adjacent measurement points in the first direction x can be taken as a measurement group to form multiple measurement groups. The distance between two points in each measurement group in the third direction y is measured, that is, the height difference between two adjacent measurement points in the first direction x, which is the experimental height data H. mn 1(E) or H mn 2(E).

[0104] In some other embodiments, after determining these measurement points on the projection curve, the height of each point relative to the reference plane in the third direction (y direction) can be measured, which is the experimental height data H mn 1(E) or H mn 2(E). This method can fully capture the deformation distribution of the specimen in the y direction, especially the warping of the thin-walled area. In a preferred embodiment, the projection curve can be digitized using digital image processing technology, and then the precise height data can be extracted through software algorithms.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, the specific experimental process of performing a quenching test on a sample, recording experimental parameters and obtaining experimental data of the sample may be to fix the sample on a rack using bolts with spring washers, and measure the experimental channel width data W of the channel groove in the initial state. mn 0(E); then hang the sample in a solid solution furnace for solid solution treatment (such as heating to 535℃ at a rate of 180℃ / h and keeping it at this temperature for 6 hours); immediately after the solid solution is completed, introduce the sample into the quenching medium for quenching treatment; after cooling, measure the experimental channel width data W in the quenched state mn 1(E) and experimental height data H mn 1(E); Finally, release the constraints of the sample in a preset order (release the bolts of the thinner part first, then release the bolts of the thicker part), and measure the experimental channel width data W after the constraint is released mn 2(E) and experimental height data H mn 2(E). Through these series of measurements, the deformation data of the sample before and after quenching and before and after stress release can be fully obtained. In the above method, bolts with spring washers are used to constrain the sample, and the deformation comparison data are obtained through simple measurement and statistical methods, which makes the measurement process simpler and easier, reduces the complexity of experimental operation, and enhances the operability of measurement.

[0106] Fig.14 A schematic flow chart of a method for releasing constraints on a sample in a preset order is provided for this embodiment. In one embodiment, releasing constraints on a sample in a preset order may include the following steps S261 to S262.

[0107] Step S261: dismantle the restraining member restrained on one side of the first plate body.

[0108] The main body of the sample has a first plate 100 and a second plate 200 on opposite sides in the first direction x. This design makes the sample have an asymmetric geometric structure. The thickness H1 of the first plate 100 is less than the thickness H2 of the second plate 200. This thickness difference will cause uneven thermal stress and cooling rate in the sample during quenching, thereby causing obvious deformation. After the sample quenching is completed and the relevant data is measured and recorded, the constraints of the sample need to be released in a specific order to obtain deformation data in a completely stress-released state.

[0109] Removing the restraints on one side of the first plate 100 is the first step to release the restraints. First, remove the bolt restraints fixed on one side of the first plate 100 (the thinner part). At this time, the specimen will release some internal stress and produce initial rebound. The scientific nature of the release sequence is to avoid additional deformation caused by sudden stress release. The restraint force of the thinner part has less effect on the overall deformation of the specimen. Releasing this part of the restraint first can make the specimen gradually adapt to the change in stress state and reduce measurement errors. During the disassembly process, care should be taken to avoid mechanical damage or additional stress to the specimen.

[0110] Step S262: dismantle the restraining member restrained on one side of the second plate body to obtain a sample in a completely stress-released state.

[0111] The second step to release the constraint is to disassemble the constraint on one side of the second plate 200. After completing the disassembly of the constraint on one side of the first plate 100, the bolt constraint fixed on one side of the second plate 200 (thicker part) is removed. At this time, the specimen is completely free from external constraints, and the internal residual stress will cause further rebound deformation of the specimen to reach a state of complete stress release. This sequential disassembly method can simulate the process of gradually releasing constraints for large and complex parts in actual production, making the experimental results more practical. After the disassembly is completed, the final state should be measured immediately, and the experimental channel width data and experimental height data after the constraint is released should be recorded to provide an important basis for evaluating the accuracy of the quenching simulation model.

[0112] Fig.15 A flow chart of a method for constructing a quenching simulation model provided in this embodiment. In one embodiment, the quenching simulation model is constructed using material parameters and experimental parameters, and obtaining simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model may include the following steps S31 to S36.

[0113] Step S31: obtaining the thermal physical property parameters of the sample material; In this embodiment, the thermophysical parameters may include, but are not limited to, the density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and other thermal characteristic parameters of the material at different temperatures, which determine the heat conduction and thermal stress distribution of the material during the quenching process. These parameters can be obtained by consulting the relevant material manual, or by using professional equipment such as a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermal expansion instrument for experimental determination. For aluminum alloy materials, their thermophysical parameters vary greatly with temperature, so it is necessary to obtain sufficiently dense data points in the entire temperature range from the solid solution temperature to room temperature to ensure the accuracy of the simulation calculation.

[0114] Step S32: obtaining a stress-strain curve of the sample material by a high temperature tensile test.

[0115] Obtaining the stress-strain curve of the sample material by high-temperature tensile testing is a key step in building the model. Since the mechanical properties of the material change significantly with temperature, it is necessary to conduct high-temperature tensile tests at multiple temperature points (usually room temperature, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, etc.) to obtain the stress-strain relationship of the material at different temperatures. During the test, the standard sample is placed in a high-temperature tensile testing machine. Under the condition of constant temperature control, a tensile load is applied to the sample and the deformation of the sample is recorded to obtain a complete stress-strain curve. These curves can reflect the mechanical properties of the material at different temperatures, such as elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardening characteristics.

[0116] Step S33: fitting the model parameters of the elastic-plastic finite element model based on the stress-strain curve of the sample material.

[0117] Fitting the model parameters of the elastic-plastic finite element model based on the stress-strain curve of the sample material is an important part of mathematical model construction. According to the obtained stress-strain experimental data, an appropriate material constitutive model (such as isotropic hardening model, kinematic hardening model or temperature-dependent elastic-plastic model, etc.) is used for parameter fitting. The fitting process usually uses professional data processing software to find the best fitting parameter set through optimization algorithms to minimize the deviation between the model prediction value and the experimental data. This step determines the accuracy of the model in simulating the elastic-plastic behavior of the material, which is crucial for accurately predicting quenching deformation.

[0118] Step S34: obtaining the interface heat transfer coefficient of the quenching medium at different temperatures through experiments.

[0119] Obtaining the interfacial heat transfer coefficient of the quenching medium at different temperatures through experiments is a necessary condition for simulating the quenching cooling process. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient directly affects the cooling rate of the sample during the quenching process, and then affects the thermal stress distribution and deformation. When experimentally determining the interfacial heat transfer coefficient, the cooling curve method can be used: heat a standard sample with multiple temperature measurement points to the solid solution temperature, and then immerse it in the quenching medium, record the temperature change curve of each measurement point over time, and obtain the interfacial heat transfer coefficient at different temperatures by inverse calculation. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the influence of factors such as quenching direction and medium flow state on the heat transfer coefficient to ensure that the simulation conditions are consistent with the actual test conditions. In this embodiment, the quenching medium can refer to cooling water, that is, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient of cooling water at different temperatures is obtained.

[0120] Step S35: construct a quenching simulation model, and determine the boundary conditions of the quenching simulation model based on the thermophysical property parameters, model parameters, interface heat transfer coefficient and experimental parameters.

[0121] Construct a quenching simulation model, and determine the boundary conditions of the quenching simulation model based on the thermophysical parameters, model parameters, interface heat transfer coefficient, and experimental parameters. This step is usually performed in professional finite element analysis software. First, a three-dimensional model that is completely consistent with the actual sample geometry is established, and a reasonable mesh is performed; then the previously obtained material thermophysical parameters, elastic-plastic model parameters, interface heat transfer coefficient, etc. are imported into the model; finally, boundary conditions consistent with the actual test conditions are set, including initial temperature field, constraints, cooling direction and sequence, etc. The setting of these boundary conditions has a decisive influence on the simulation results and must strictly correspond to the actual test conditions.

[0122] Step S36: using the quenching simulation model to simulate the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot of the sample in the initial state, the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after quenching, and the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after constraint release.

[0123] The constructed quenching simulation model is used to simulate the entire process, including solid solution heating, quenching cooling, and constraint release, and the simulation data corresponding to the experimental measurement points are extracted. Specifically, the simulated channel width data W of the channel slot in the initial state is measured. mn 0(S), simulated channel width data W after quenching mn 1(S) and simulated height data H mn 1(S), and the simulated channel width data W after the constraint is released mn 2(S) and simulated height data H mn2(S). The simulation process needs to consider complex factors such as nonlinear behavior of materials, coupling between temperature field and stress field, contact conditions, etc., which usually require high computing resources and reasonable solution strategies to obtain convergent and accurate solutions.

[0124] Specifically, the process of constructing the quenching simulation model can be to obtain the thermophysical parameters of the material through experimental detection methods, obtain the stress-strain curve of the material through high-temperature tensile tests, and fit the model parameters of the elastic-plastic finite element model. The interface heat transfer coefficient of the quenching medium at different temperatures is obtained through experiments. Based on the above parameters and experimental conditions, a quenching simulation model is constructed, and the model is used to simulate the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the sample in the initial state, after quenching, and after constraint release, which are recorded as W mn 0(S),W mn 1(S),H mn 1(S),W mn 2(S) and H mn 2(S).

[0125] Fig.16 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for determining model accuracy parameters. In one embodiment, determining the model accuracy parameters may include the following steps S41 to S42.

[0126] Step S41: determining the quenching deformation simulation accuracy according to the experimental data, the simulation data and the first accuracy calculation method.

[0127] Step S42: Determine the accuracy of the springback simulation after removing the constraints based on the experimental data, the simulation data and the second accuracy calculation method.

[0128] Model accuracy parameters can include the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation and the accuracy of springback simulation after removing constraints, which measure the accuracy of the model in predicting quenching deformation and springback behavior respectively. The accuracy of quenching deformation simulation reflects the accuracy of the model's prediction of the deformation of the specimen during the quenching process and is the main indicator for evaluating model performance. The accuracy of springback simulation after removing constraints reflects the accuracy of the model's prediction of the elastic springback behavior of the material after the external constraints are released, which is particularly important for simulating the clamping and disassembly process of large and complex parts in actual production.

[0129] The process of determining the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation based on experimental data, simulation data and the first accuracy calculation method is to compare the channel width changes of the sample in the initial state and after quenching measured in the experiment with the corresponding changes obtained by simulation calculation, calculate the relative deviation between them, and convert it into an accuracy percentage value. Similarly, it is also necessary to compare the height data differences of the sample after quenching in the experiment and simulation, and calculate the simulation accuracy in the height direction. These calculation results can quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the model in predicting quenching deformation and provide a basis for model verification and improvement.

[0130] The accuracy of the springback simulation after removing the constraint is determined based on experimental data, simulation data, and the second accuracy calculation method. It is calculated by comparing the changes in channel width and height before and after the constraint is released in the experiment and simulation. This calculation method focuses on the comparison of changes rather than absolute values, and can more accurately reflect the model's ability to predict material springback behavior. The accuracy of the springback simulation is particularly important for predicting the deformation of parts during the transfer process between various processes in actual production, and is a key indicator for evaluating the overall performance of the model. By comprehensively considering the quenching deformation simulation accuracy and the springback simulation accuracy, the performance and applicability of the quenching simulation model can be comprehensively evaluated.

[0131] Two sets of calculation formulas are used: the first set is used to calculate the quenching deformation simulation accuracy and , which represent the simulation accuracy of quenching deformation in the x-direction and y-direction respectively; the second group is used to calculate the accuracy of springback simulation after removing the constraint and , respectively represent the springback simulation accuracy in the x-direction and y-direction. Through the calculation of these accuracy parameters, the accuracy of the quenching simulation model in predicting the quenching deformation and springback behavior of the material can be comprehensively evaluated, providing a basis for optimizing the model.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first accuracy calculation method may include: in, It can indicate the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation in the first direction x. It can indicate the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation in the third direction y. It can represent the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot 400 in the initial state, It can represent the experimental channel width data of the measured channel slot 400 after quenching, It can represent the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot 400 in the initial state, It can represent the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot 400 after quenching, It can represent the experimental height data of the measuring channel groove 400 after quenching, The simulated height data of the measuring channel groove 400 after quenching may be represented.

[0133] In some embodiments, the second accuracy calculation method may include: in, It can represent the accuracy of the springback simulation in the first direction x, It can indicate the accuracy of the springback simulation in the third direction y. It can represent the experimental channel width data of the measured channel slot 400 after quenching, It can represent the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot 400 after the constraint is released, It can represent the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot 400 after quenching, It can represent the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot 400 after the constraint is released, It can represent the experimental height data of the measuring channel slot 400 after the constraint is released, The simulated height data of the measuring channel slot 400 after the restraint is released may be represented.

[0134] The model accuracy is measured as follows: ①Quenching test part: the sample is Figure 4 After the shape processing is completed, the sample is fixed to the material rack with bolts with spring washers (torque between 35Nm and 50Nm), and then Fig.11 Position, along the positive direction of the z axis in the measurement channel, select several measurement points at every x distance to measure W at different positions mn 0(E) (n is the nth measurement position, the same below; 0 is the initial state of the sample before solid solution), at this time, the spacing of the sample in the x direction in the initial state is obtained. Then, the constrained sample is suspended in the solid solution furnace along the negative direction of the z axis (i.e., the direction of gravity). After the solid solution is completed, the sample containing the material rack is immediately immersed in water along the positive direction of the x axis for quenching. After cooling, it is taken out to measure the deformation of the quenched state; in the measurement channel, the measurement points at the same position are taken at a distance of x along the positive direction of the z axis to measure W mn 1(E) (1 is the state of the sample after quenching, the same below); Next, the deformation measurement in the y-axis direction is carried out. First, the projection curve of the warped part of the sample on the yz plane is obtained using the projection method. Then, along the positive direction of the z-axis, several measurement points are selected at every x distance to measure the H at different positions. mn1(E). After the deformation measurement of the sample in the quenched state is completed, the sample is taken out from the rack. At this time, the fastening bolts of the thinner part must be released first and then the fastening bolts of the thicker part (this is to avoid additional stress changes in the sample due to improper release sequence), and then the W is measured using the same method. mn 2(E) and H mn 2(E) (2 is the state of the sample after the constraint is removed, that is, the sample rebound is taken into account), so as to obtain the deformation data of the sample state after stress release and material rebound. Figure 8 The figure shows the restraint clamping method of the specimen.

[0135] ②Model verification part: First, the thermophysical parameters of the material are obtained through experimental testing; then the stress-strain curve of the material is obtained through high-temperature tensile testing, and the elastic-plastic model parameters are fitted; secondly, the interface heat transfer coefficient at different water temperatures is obtained through measurement and calculation; then the boundary conditions and sample model of the above experimental part are input into the finite element software for quenching deformation simulation. The same method is used to obtain W in the simulation results mn 0(S),W mn 1(S),H mn 1(S),W mn 2(S),H mn 2(S) data sets, with (E) and (S) as suffixes to distinguish experimental data from simulated data, are calculated using the following formula: In some embodiments, the first accuracy calculation method includes: in, represents the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation in the first direction, Indicates the accuracy of the quenching deformation simulation in the third direction, Indicates the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot in the initial state, It represents the experimental channel width data of the measured channel slot after quenching. Indicates the analog channel width data of the measurement channel slot in the initial state. It indicates the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching. It represents the experimental height data of the measuring channel groove after quenching. Represents the simulated height data of the measuring channel groove after quenching.

[0136] The second accuracy calculation method includes: in, represents the accuracy of the springback simulation in the first direction, Indicates the accuracy of the springback simulation in the third direction, Represents the experimental channel width data of the measured channel slot after the constraint is released, Represents the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released. It represents the experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after the constraint is released. Represents the simulated height data of the measuring channel slot after the constraint is released.

[0137] Example: Step 1: Process the sample into Figure 4 The shape of the sample is 5mm, H2 is 15mm, W is 80mm, T is 25mm, L is 180mm, Wm is 5±0.3mm, D is 30mm, C is 40mm, R is 5mm, and B is 15mm. Use bolts to fix the sample on the rack. At this time, measure W mn 0(E)(n=1,2,3,4,5, the same below), the measurement point spacing is 30mm, then adjust the negative z-axis direction of the sample to the gravity direction, put it into the solid solution furnace, and heat it to 535℃ with the furnace at 180℃ / h. After keeping warm for 6 hours, take out the sample and quench it. During quenching, put water in the positive direction of the x-axis. After the sample and the rack are cooled, take out the sample and measure the deformation W mn 1(E),H mn 1(E); then remove the bolt constraint and measure W again mn 2(E),H mn 2(E), the results are shown in Table 1; Step 2: Build a quenching simulation model. First, obtain the thermophysical parameters of the material through experimental testing methods; then obtain the stress-strain curve of the material through high-temperature tensile testing, and perform elastic-plastic model parameter fitting; secondly, obtain the interface heat transfer coefficient at different water temperatures through measurement and calculation; then input the boundary conditions and sample model of the above experimental part into the finite element software for quenching deformation simulation, and use the same method to obtain W in the simulation results. mn 0(S),W mn 1(S),H mn 1(S),W mn 2(S),H mn 2(S) data set, the results are shown in Table 2; and calculated by formula (1) and formula (2) , , , .

[0138] Table 1. Deformation measurement results of quenching experiment in the example Table 2. Results of quenching simulation deformation measurement in the examples Table 3. Calculation results of the quenching simulation model accuracy of the embodiment As described above, the present invention uses a specially designed sample size to amplify the deformation after quenching. By measuring the deformation in two directions and considering the influence of constraint and springback, it can more comprehensively reflect the actual deformation of the material during the quenching process, thereby more accurately verifying the accuracy of the quenching simulation model. This method uses simple measurement and statistical methods to obtain deformation comparison data, making the measurement process simpler and easier, reducing the complexity of experimental operation, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

[0139] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0140] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present disclosure, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Although the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure, or can easily think of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sample for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model, characterized in that: The main body of the sample has a first plate body and a second plate body on two opposite sides in a first direction, the thickness of the first plate body is less than that of the second plate body, the first plate body and the second plate body are connected by a wedge-shaped transition portion, a measuring channel groove and a circular through hole are opened on the main body, the measuring channel groove includes a straight line segment and a corner segment, the straight line segment is opened from the side of the main body in the second direction and extends toward the central area of ​​the main body along the second direction, the straight line segment is connected to the circular through hole through the corner segment, the measuring channel groove and the circular through hole cooperate to form a continuous special-shaped groove structure, wherein the first direction intersects with the second direction.

2. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that The main body of the sample is an integrally formed plate-like structure.

3. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that The measurement channel groove is opened on the first plate body, and the side of the measurement channel groove close to the second plate body in the first direction is flush with the side of the first plate body close to the second plate body in the first direction, and the width of the first plate body in the first direction is greater than or equal to 4 times the width of the measurement channel groove in the first direction.

4. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that The angle formed by the straight line segment and the corner segment is in the range of 130° to 140°.

5. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the second plate in the third direction is greater than or equal to twice the thickness of the first plate in the third direction, the width of the first plate in the first direction is equal to the width of the second plate in the first direction, the total width of the main body in the first direction is greater than or equal to three times the width of the first plate in the first direction, the width of the second plate in the first direction is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second plate in the third direction, wherein the second direction intersects with the third direction.

6. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that The circular through hole is opened in the wedge-shaped transition portion, the diameter of the circular through hole in the first direction is less than or equal to the width of the wedge-shaped transition portion in the first direction, and the diameter of the circular through hole in the first direction is greater than or equal to the width of the first plate body in the first direction or the width of the second plate body in the first direction.

7. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that The total length of the main body in the second direction is greater than or equal to twice the total width of the main body in the first direction.

8. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that Two mounting holes are also provided on the main body, and the radii of the two mounting holes in the first direction are equal. The two mounting holes are symmetrically arranged at two corner areas of the main body. The circular through hole is provided between the two mounting holes and the measuring channel groove, and the diameter of the circular through hole in the first direction is greater than or equal to 3 times the radius of the mounting hole in the first direction.

9. The sample according to claim 8, characterized in that The distances between the center of the circular through hole and the two first-direction sides of the main body are equal, the distance between the center of the circular through hole and the first-direction side of the main body and the distance between the center of the circular through hole and the second-direction side of the main body away from the measuring channel groove are equal, the distances between the center of the mounting hole and the first-direction side and the second-direction side adjacent to the corner area where the mounting hole is located are equal, and the distance between the center of the circular through hole and the first-direction side of the main body is greater than or equal to twice the distance between the center of the mounting hole and the adjacent first-direction side.

10. A method for verifying the accuracy of a quenching simulation model, characterized in that: include: Processing the sample material according to preset size parameters to obtain a sample as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; Performing a quenching test on the sample, recording experimental parameters and obtaining experimental data of the sample; the experimental data includes experimental channel width data and experimental height data; Constructing a quenching simulation model using material parameters and the experimental parameters, and acquiring simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model; the simulation data includes simulation channel width data and simulation height data; A model accuracy parameter of the quenching simulation model is determined according to the experimental data and the simulation data.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The sample includes a measuring channel groove, and the step of performing a quenching test on the sample, recording experimental parameters and obtaining experimental data of the sample includes: restraining the specimen in a preset test position; Measuring experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot in an initial state; Performing a solid solution treatment on the sample constrained at the preset test position by using a solid solution furnace; After the solid solution is completed, the sample is introduced into a quenching medium along a first direction for quenching treatment; Measuring experimental channel width data and experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after quenching; Unconstraining the sample in a predetermined order; The experimental channel width data and the experimental height data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released are measured.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The specimen includes two mounting holes, and constraining the specimen in a preset test position includes: Pass the restraining member with spring gasket through the mounting hole of the sample and the material rack in sequence; Applying a preset torque force to the restraining member to restrain the sample on the rack in a manner of extending along the second direction; The material rack is hung in the solid melting furnace.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The method of performing a solid solution treatment on the sample constrained at the preset test position by using a solid solution furnace comprises: The temperature in the solid solution furnace is raised to the solid solution temperature by using a set heating rate; The temperature in the solid solution furnace is maintained at the solid solution temperature for a preset time.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The method for measuring the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot includes: Determine a plurality of measurement points along two sides of the measurement channel groove in the second direction in a manner of determining a measurement point at every preset interval; Taking two adjacent measurement points in the first direction as one measurement group, and acquiring a plurality of measurement groups; The width of each of the measurement groups in the first direction is measured to obtain experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot.

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The method for measuring the experimental height data of the measuring channel groove comprises: Using a projection method, a projection curve of the warped portion of the sample on a preset plane is obtained; the preset plane is a plane where the second direction and the third direction are located, and the second direction intersects the third direction; Determine a plurality of measurement points on the projection curve along the second direction in a manner of determining a measurement point at every preset interval; Based on the projection curve, the experimental height data of each of the measurement points in the third direction is measured.

16. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The main body of the sample has a first plate body and a second plate body on two opposite sides in a first direction, respectively, the thickness of the first plate body is less than the thickness of the second plate body, and releasing the constraints of the sample in a preset order includes: Disassembling the restraining member restrained on one side of the first plate; The restraining member restrained on one side of the second plate body is disassembled to obtain the sample in a completely stress-released state.

17. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The method of constructing a quenching simulation model by using material parameters and the experimental parameters and obtaining simulation data generated by the quenching simulation model comprises: Obtaining thermal physical property parameters of the sample material; Obtaining a stress-strain curve of the sample material by a high temperature tensile test; Fitting model parameters of the elastic-plastic finite element model based on the stress-strain curve of the sample material; Obtaining the interface heat transfer coefficient of the quenching medium at different temperatures through experiments; Constructing the quenching simulation model, and determining the boundary conditions of the quenching simulation model based on the thermophysical property parameters, the model parameters, the interface heat transfer coefficient and the experimental parameters; The quenching simulation model is used to simulate the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot of the sample in the initial state, the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after quenching, and the simulated channel width data and simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after constraint release.

18. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that The model accuracy parameters include the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation and the accuracy of springback simulation after removing constraints. The model accuracy parameters of the quenching simulation model determined based on the experimental data and the simulation data include: Determining the quenching deformation simulation accuracy according to the experimental data, the simulation data and a first accuracy calculation method; The accuracy of the springback simulation after removing the constraints is determined according to the experimental data, the simulation data and the second accuracy calculation method.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The first accuracy calculation method comprises: in, represents the accuracy of quenching deformation simulation in the first direction, Indicates the accuracy of the quenching deformation simulation in the third direction, represents the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot in the initial state, represents the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot in the initial state, represents the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, It represents the simulated height data of the measuring channel groove after quenching.

20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The second accuracy calculation method comprises: in, represents the accuracy of the springback simulation in the first direction, Indicates the accuracy of the springback simulation in the third direction, represents the experimental channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the experimental channel width data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released, represents the simulated channel width data of the measuring channel slot after quenching, represents the simulated channel width data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released, represents the experimental height data of the measuring channel slot after the constraint is released, Represents simulated height data of the measurement channel slot after the constraint is released.

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