A special fixture for bevel guide rail and machining precision control method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of press equipment, and discloses a special fixture for processing inclined guide rails on a hot die forging press and a processing precision control method. The special fixture for processing inclined guide rails comprises a tooling assembly for fixing a workpiece and a detection assembly for detecting the size of a surface to be processed of the workpiece. The tooling assembly fixes the workpiece on a workbench and makes the surface to be processed horizontally upward, so as to facilitate cutting processing. The detection assembly comprises a detection tool fixed on a main shaft of a machine tool and a detection module fixed on the tooling assembly. The detection module is provided with a horizontal reference surface for detecting the surface to be processed of the workpiece. The horizontal reference surface and the inclined surface after processing are located in the same horizontal plane. The special fixture is adaptively designed according to the angle of each inclined surface, and a detection module for assisting detection reference is designed on the supporting tooling. The fixture solves the problem of difficult determination of clamping positioning and detection reference when multiple inclined surfaces of the inclined guide rail are processed, and realizes accurate processing control of the inclined guide rail.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of press equipment technology, and in particular to a special fixture for machining inclined guide rails mounted on a hot forging press and a method for controlling machining accuracy. Background Technology

[0002] In the HGP hot forging press, the upper and lower guide rails are inclined guide rails, and their cross-sectional diagrams are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, because the inclined guide rail has multiple inclined surfaces, the dimensional accuracy requirements for each inclined surface are high during machining. The machining accuracy control of the guide rail requires a special fixture for positioning and simultaneous auxiliary inspection during machining. Furthermore, the self-inspection process of the part requires a relatively symmetrical reference object to complete the machining dimensional control and accuracy inspection. Figure 1 The inclined guide rail shown has a certain non-right angle between each adjacent inclined surface. It is difficult to fix the reference datum for machining and inspection of each inclined surface. Special machining positioning fixtures and inspection fixtures need to be designed to ensure the accuracy of machining and inspection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the problem of difficulty in controlling the machining accuracy of inclined guide rails in the prior art by providing a special fixture and machining accuracy control method specifically for inclined guide rails. Based on the angle of the inclined surface, a special fixture adapted to different inclined surface angles and a special inspection mold for constantly detecting the dimensions of the machined surface are designed to achieve precise control of the machining accuracy of inclined guide rails.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention first provides a special fixture for inclined guide rails, which enables the fixture angle to be adapted for clamping and fixing during the machining of each inclined surface of the inclined guide rail and to assist in the detection of the inclined surface dimensions.

[0005] The present invention relates to a special fixture for inclined guide rails. The special fixture for hot inclined guide rails includes a tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece and a detection assembly for detecting the dimensions of the workpiece's surface to be machined. The tooling assembly fixes the workpiece on a worktable with the surface to be machined horizontally upwards to facilitate cutting. The detection assembly includes a gauge fixed to the machine tool spindle and a detection module fixed to the tooling assembly. The detection module has a horizontal reference surface for detecting the machined surface of the workpiece, and the horizontal reference surface is located in the same horizontal plane as the inclined surface to be machined.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the special fixture for the inclined guide rail of the present invention are as follows: According to the precision requirements of machining inclined surfaces at multiple different angles of the inclined guide rail, a special tooling assembly and detection assembly for fixing the workpiece are designed. When machining different inclined surfaces, the workpiece to be machined is clamped and fixed according to the clamping angle requirements by the tooling assembly, so that the orientation of each inclined surface to be machined is horizontal and upward after clamping, which is convenient for cutting. At the same time, a detection module is set on the tooling assembly, and a horizontal reference surface is set on the detection module for detecting the size of the machined inclined surface, so that the machined surface after final machining and the detection reference surface are on the same horizontal plane, which is convenient for monitoring and control at any time by the inspection fixture connected to the spindle, ensuring the precise machining control of each inclined surface.

[0007] To facilitate adaptable clamping and auxiliary inspection for different inclined planes, the tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece includes a triangular support base and a workpiece clamping assembly. The triangular support base has a right-angled triangle cross-section, and its inclined side is used to support the workpiece. One of the right-angled sides of the triangular support base is fixed to a horizontal worktable or fixed to a horizontal worktable after being supported by an inclined plane base. The workpiece clamping assembly is fixed to the inclined side of the triangular support base to clamp the workpiece on the inclined side. The inclined plane base is provided with a first supporting inclined plane and a second supporting inclined plane, which are parallel to each other and transition through a vertical plane. When the triangular support is fixed on the inclined base, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular support is fixed to the first inclined support by bolts. The workpiece is fixedly clamped on the inclined base by the side pressure block assembly and the workpiece clamping assembly. The side pressure block assembly is fixed on the second inclined support and abuts against the workpiece from the side. When the triangular support is fixed on the water platform workbench, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular support is fixed to the horizontal workbench, the workpiece is fixed on the inclined side of the triangular support and fixed by the workpiece clamping assembly and the bottom support block, and the bottom support block is fixedly supported on the horizontal workbench. The detection module is fixed on the upward acute-angled surface of the triangular support, and the horizontal reference surface of the detection module is parallel to or located on the same horizontal plane as the cutting surface of the workpiece; the inspection tool is used to detect the dimensions of the cutting surface of the workpiece.

[0008] The cross-section of the triangular support is an isosceles right triangle, and the corners corresponding to the two 45° base angles of the triangular support are all beveled to right angles. The detection module is fixed to the corresponding right-angle beveled part.

[0009] To adaptably adjust the angle of the machining slope to achieve a horizontal direction, several wedge blocks are also provided between the bottom side of the slope base and the worktable to adjust the angle of the first support slope and the second support slope, so that the surface of the workpiece to be machined after fixing is in a horizontal direction.

[0010] To further adapt to multiple inclined surfaces at different angles, the wedge blocks are provided in several groups with different angles. There are at least two wedge blocks in the same group, and they have the same angle and size. The inclined surface base and the wedge blocks, as well as the wedge blocks and the triangular support base, are fixed by several bolts. Different groups of wedge blocks adaptably support the workpiece to adjust the different surfaces to be processed to be in a horizontal position.

[0011] To further securely fix the workpiece, the side pressure block assembly includes at least two pressure blocks fixed to the second support inclined surface. Each pressure block is provided with a screw hole, and a screw for pressing against and limiting the side of the workpiece is screwed into the screw hole.

[0012] To facilitate the clamping of the workpiece on the triangular support, the workpiece clamping assembly includes a clamping rod for clamping the workpiece and long tie rods fixedly installed at both ends of the workpiece support position on the triangular support. The clamping rod is sleeved with the long tie rods and tightened with nuts to clamp the workpiece.

[0013] To accommodate the detection and control of different inclined plane dimensions, the detection module has several groups, each group corresponding to a machining surface of the workpiece.

[0014] To facilitate the control of machining accuracy of inclined guide rails, this invention also provides a method for controlling machining accuracy of inclined guide rails using the aforementioned special fixture, which clamps and controls machining dimensional accuracy through the following method: The first step is to determine the inclined surface that is easy to clamp and ensure based on the angle of each inclined surface of the inclined guide rail. The inclined surface to be processed is then fixed on the inclined side of the triangular support base using the tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece, so that the surface to be processed is facing upwards. Then, the corresponding detection module is fixed at the angle on the upper side of the triangular support base, and the horizontal reference surface of the detection module is made to face upwards. The fixture is fixed on the machine tool spindle, and the position of the horizontal reference surface of the detection module is adjusted to the design position. The second step is to start the machining process to process the workpiece until the machined surface after cutting is in the same plane as the horizontal reference surface, as monitored by the inspection tool, thus completing the first machining of the inclined plane; The third step is to adjust the position of the workpiece on the triangular support base and clamp and position the other machined surfaces. During clamping, the machined inclined surface is used as the reference surface and is supported against the inclined side of the triangular support base. The inclined surface base is fixed on the horizontal worktable. Based on the relative angle between the inclined surface to be machined and the reference surface, it is determined whether to use wedge blocks to support the inclined surface base to adjust the surface to be machined to be horizontal. Then, the workpiece and the corresponding detection module are fixed, and the machining process is started until the machined surface after cutting is monitored by the inspection tool and the horizontal reference surface of the detection module is in the same plane to complete the machining process of one guide rail inclined surface. Repeat this step to complete the machining of other inclined surfaces.

[0015] The above-mentioned method for controlling the machining accuracy of inclined guide rails of the present invention, based on the size and angle of the inclined surface, first selects the inclined surface that is easiest to clamp as the first machining inclined surface and performs clamping machining. Then, using the first inclined surface as a reference, the clamping angle of other inclined surfaces to be machined is adjusted by means of tooling components and wedge blocks, so that the orientation of the inclined surfaces to be machined and the reference surface of the detection module are all horizontally upward, which facilitates cutting machining and machining size control, and solves the problem that it is difficult to determine the reference object for size detection during the self-inspection process of machining inclined surfaces with multiple different angles. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined plane guide rail.

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the clamping of the special fixture for the inclined guide rail of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a sloping base.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the special fixture for the inclined guide rail of the present invention, used for clamping the inclined surface during the first machining.

[0020] Figure 5 This invention provides a special fixture for the inclined guide rail, used for machining other inclined surfaces, and is illustrated in one of the clamping diagrams.

[0021] Figure 6 The second schematic diagram shows the clamping of the special fixture for the inclined guide rail of the present invention for machining other inclined surfaces.

[0022] In the figure, 1 is a triangular support base; 1A is a right-angle chamfer; 2 is an inclined base; 201 is the first support inclined surface; 202 is a vertical surface; 203 is the second support inclined surface; 3 is a wedge block; 4 is a detection module; 4A is a horizontal reference surface; 5 is a gauge; 6 is a workpiece clamping assembly; 601 is a pressure bar; 602 is a long tie rod; 603 is a nut; 7 is a side pressure block assembly; and 8 is a bottom support block.

[0023] The following is based on Figure 1 Taking the machining of inclined guide rails as an example, this paper describes in detail the special fixture for inclined guide rails of the present invention and the machining accuracy control method when using the special fixture for machining inclined guide rails. Example

[0024] This embodiment first details the special clamp for the inclined guide rail, such as... Figure 2As shown, the device includes a tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece and a detection assembly for detecting the dimensions of the workpiece's surface to be machined. The tooling assembly fixes the workpiece on the worktable and makes the surface to be machined horizontal and upward to facilitate cutting. The detection assembly includes a gauge 5 fixed to the machine tool spindle and a detection module 4 fixed to the tooling assembly. The detection module is provided with a horizontal reference surface 4A for detecting the workpiece's machined surface. The horizontal reference surface 4A is located in the same horizontal plane as the inclined surface of the guide rail to be machined, and is used for reference monitoring of machining detection.

[0025] To facilitate adaptive clamping and auxiliary testing of different inclined surfaces of the inclined guide rail, in this embodiment, the tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece includes a triangular support base 1 and a workpiece clamping assembly 6. The triangular support base 1 has a right-angled triangle cross-section, and its inclined side is used to support the workpiece. One right-angled side of the triangular support base 1 is fixed to a horizontal worktable or fixed to a horizontal worktable after being supported by the inclined base 2. The workpiece clamping assembly 6 is fixed to the inclined side of the triangular support base 1 to clamp the workpiece on the inclined side. Figure 3 As shown, the inclined base 2 is provided with a first supporting inclined surface 201 and a second supporting inclined surface 203. The first supporting inclined surface 201 and the second supporting inclined surface 203 are parallel to each other and are connected by a vertical surface 202. The cross section of the triangular support 1 is an isosceles right triangle. The corners corresponding to the two 45° base angles of the triangular support 1 are all chamfered into right angle chamfers 1A. The detection module 4 is fixed to the corresponding right angle chamfered part and fixed with bolts.

[0026] According to the needs of workpiece angle adjustment, such as Figure 4 As shown, when the triangular support 1 is fixed on the inclined base 2, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular support 2 is fixed to the first support inclined surface 201 by bolts. Threaded holes and connecting holes are pre-set at corresponding positions on the first support inclined surface and the triangular support 1, respectively. To fix the workpiece, the workpiece is fixedly clamped on the inclined base 2 by the side pressure block assembly 7 and the workpiece clamping assembly 6. The side pressure block assembly 7 is fixed on the second support inclined surface 203 and abuts against the workpiece from the side by the top abutting bolt.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, when the triangular support 1 is fixed on the water platform workbench, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular support 1 is also fixed to the horizontal workbench by several bolts. The workpiece is fixed on the inclined side of the triangular support 1 and fixed by the workpiece clamping assembly 6 and the bottom support block 8. The bottom support block 8 is fixedly supported on the horizontal workbench.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, to meet the angle adjustment requirements of different inclined planes, and to adaptably adjust the angle of the inclined plane to achieve a horizontal direction, the bottom side of the inclined plane base 2 can be supported by several wedge blocks 3 of the same angle between it and the worktable, so as to adjust the angle of the first supporting inclined plane 201 and the second supporting inclined plane 203, so that the workpiece to be processed after fixed clamping is in a horizontal direction; in order to further adapt to multiple inclined planes of different angles, the wedge blocks 3 are provided with several groups of different angles, and there are at least two wedge blocks 3 in the same group with the same angle and size. The inclined plane base 2 and the wedge blocks 3 and the wedge blocks 3 and the triangular support base 1 are all fixed by several bolts. Different groups of wedge blocks 3 respectively adaptably support the workpiece to adjust the different workpieces to be processed in a horizontal position.

[0029] In this embodiment, the detection module 4 is fixed on the right-angle chamfer 1A of the upward acute angle surface of the triangular support 1, and the horizontal reference surface of the detection module 4 is parallel to or located on the same horizontal plane as the cutting surface of the workpiece; the inspection tool 5 is used to detect the size of the cutting surface of the workpiece. When the cutting surface and the horizontal reference surface are detected to be located on the same horizontal plane, the cutting of the surface is completed and the size meets the design requirements.

[0030] The side pressure block assembly 7 of this embodiment includes at least two pressure blocks fixed on the second support inclined surface 203. The pressure blocks are provided with screw holes, and screws for pressing against and limiting the side of the workpiece are screwed into the screw holes.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, to facilitate further securing the workpiece firmly on the triangular support base 1, the workpiece clamping assembly 6 includes a clamping rod 601 for clamping the workpiece. Long tie rods 602 are fixedly connected to both ends of the workpiece support position on the triangular support base 1. The clamping rod 601 is sleeved with the long tie rod 602 and tightened with a nut 603 to clamp the workpiece.

[0032] To accommodate the detection and control of different inclined plane dimensions, the detection module 4 is also divided into several groups, each group corresponding to a machining surface of the workpiece. Based on the machining surface and the position of the workpiece after clamping, a dedicated detection module 4 is designed for each inclined plane to be machined, forming a horizontal reference surface 4A for the detection of the dimensions of the inclined plane to be machined.

[0033] The special fixture for the inclined guide rail in this embodiment is designed with special tooling components and detection components for fixing the workpiece, according to the precision requirements of machining inclined surfaces at multiple different angles. When machining different inclined surfaces, the workpieces to be machined are clamped and fixed according to the clamping angle requirements through the tooling components, so that the orientation of each inclined surface to be machined is horizontal and upward after clamping, which is convenient for cutting. At the same time, a detection module is set on the tooling components. The detection module is equipped with a horizontal reference surface for detecting the dimensions of the machined inclined surface, so that the machined surface and the detection reference surface are on the same horizontal plane, which is convenient for monitoring and control at any time through the inspection tool connected to the spindle, ensuring the precise machining control of each inclined surface. Example

[0034] This embodiment uses the aforementioned special fixture to perform... Figure 1 The machining accuracy control method for the inclined guide rail shown is achieved by clamping and fixing the workpiece and controlling the machining dimensional accuracy as follows: The first step is to determine the inclined plane that is easy to clamp and ensure, based on the angles of each inclined plane of the inclined guide rail, as the inclined plane to be machined for the first time. Generally, the workpiece blank for the first machining of the first inclined plane is a blank with a square cross-section. Figure 1 To determine the dimensions, first identify the inclined surface to be machined at 45°, which is the support slope of the triangular support base. When this inclined surface is fixed, it can be... Figure 3 As shown, the triangular support 1 can be directly fixed on the horizontal worktable of the machine tool. After the triangular support 1 is fixed to the horizontal worktable, the workpiece blank is reinforced and fixed by the workpiece clamping assembly 6 and the bottom support block 8. Then, the special detection module 4 applicable to the inclined plane is fixed on the right-angle chamfer 4A of the acute angle upward of the triangular support 1. The horizontal reference surface of the fixed detection module 4 is the same horizontal plane as the inclined plane that has been machined, that is, the initial inclined plane. The second step is to start the machining process on the sharp corners of the workpiece from the top upwards. Figure 3 The dotted line in the diagram represents the area to be cut. Cutting begins until the machined surface after cutting is monitored by the gauge 5 and is in the same plane as the horizontal reference surface 4A, thus completing the first machining of the inclined plane. The third step is to adjust the position of the workpiece on the triangular support base and clamp and position the other machined surfaces. During clamping, the machined inclined surface is used as the reference surface and is supported on the inclined side of the triangular support base 1. The inclined surface base 2 is fixed on the horizontal worktable. Based on the relative angle between the inclined surface to be machined and the reference surface, it is determined whether to use wedge blocks 3 to support the inclined surface base 2 to adjust the surface to be machined to be horizontal. Then, the workpiece and the corresponding detection module 4 are fixed, and the machining process is started until the machined surface after cutting is monitored by the inspection tool and the horizontal reference surface 4A of the detection module 4 are in the same plane to complete the machining process of one guide rail inclined surface. Repeat this step to complete the machining of other inclined surfaces.

[0035] In the third step of the processing, the method of fixing the workpiece with the workpiece clamping assembly is carried out in two cases, such as... Figure 5 As shown, based on the angle of the inclined surface to be processed, wedge blocks 3 are used to support the bottom of the inclined surface base 2, causing the first and second supporting inclined surfaces of the inclined surface base 2 to tilt at an angle adapted to the horizontal worktable. This adjusts the angle of the inclined surface after workpiece processing to be horizontal. Simultaneously, when processing each inclined surface, a pre-designed, dedicated detection module suitable for that inclined surface is selected and fixed to the upward right-angle chamfer of the triangular support base. The horizontal reference surface 4A after tooling and workpiece clamping and fixing is located on the same horizontal plane as the pre-processed inclined surface. After processing one inclined surface, when rotating the workpiece angle to change to another inclined surface to be processed, the tilt angle of the base inclined surface is determined according to the angle requirements of the inclined surface to be processed. Appropriate wedge blocks are selected to support the inclined surface base, or the inclined surface base is directly fixed to the horizontal worktable of the machine tool (e.g., ...). Figure 6 (As shown in the diagram, without a support wedge block), then the workpiece is fixed and clamped, the detection module 4 is fixed, and then the cutting and monitoring continue until the machining surface and the horizontal reference surface are on the same horizontal plane to complete the cutting of an inclined plane.

[0036] The above-mentioned method for controlling the machining accuracy of inclined guide rails of the present invention, based on the size and angle of the inclined surface, first selects the inclined surface that is easiest to clamp as the first machining inclined surface and performs clamping machining. Then, using the first inclined surface as a reference, the clamping angle of other inclined surfaces to be machined is adjusted by means of tooling components and wedge blocks, so that the orientation of the inclined surfaces to be machined and the reference surface of the detection module are all horizontally upward, which facilitates cutting machining and machining size control, and solves the problem that it is difficult to determine the reference object for size detection during the self-inspection process of machining inclined surfaces with multiple different angles.

Claims

1. A special fixture for an inclined guide rail, comprising a tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece and a detection assembly for detecting the dimensions of the workpiece's surface to be machined, characterized in that, The tooling assembly fixes the workpiece on the worktable and makes the surface to be machined horizontal and upward to facilitate cutting. The detection assembly includes a gauge fixed on the machine tool spindle and a detection module fixed on the tooling assembly. The detection module is provided with a horizontal reference surface for detecting the surface to be machined on the workpiece. The horizontal reference surface and the inclined surface to be machined are located in the same horizontal plane. The tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece includes a triangular support base and a workpiece clamping assembly. The triangular support base has a right-angled triangle cross-section. The inclined side of the triangular support base is used to support the workpiece. One of the right-angled sides of the triangular support base is fixed to the horizontal worktable after being supported by an inclined base. The workpiece clamping assembly is fixed to the inclined side of the triangular support base to clamp the workpiece on the inclined side. The inclined base is provided with a first supporting inclined surface and a second supporting inclined surface. The first supporting inclined surface and the second supporting inclined surface are parallel to each other and are transitioned by a vertical surface. When the triangular support is fixed on the inclined base, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular support is fixed to the first inclined support by bolts. The workpiece is fixedly clamped on the inclined base by the side pressure block assembly and the workpiece clamping assembly. The side pressure block assembly is fixed on the second inclined support and abuts against the workpiece from the side. The detection module is fixed to the upward-facing acute-angled surface of the triangular support, and the horizontal reference surface of the detection module is parallel to or located on the same horizontal plane as the cutting surface of the workpiece; the inspection tool is used to detect the dimensions of the cutting surface of the workpiece. The cross-section of the triangular support is an isosceles right triangle, and the corners corresponding to the 45° base angle of the triangular support are all beveled to right angles. The detection module is fixed to the corresponding right-angle beveled part. Several wedge blocks are also provided between the bottom side of the inclined base and the worktable to adjust the angle of the first and second supporting inclined surfaces so that the workpiece surface to be processed is in the horizontal direction after being fixed. The wedge blocks are provided in several groups with different angles. There are at least two wedge blocks in the same group, and they have the same angle and size. The inclined base is fixed to the wedge blocks and the wedge blocks are fixed to the worktable by several bolts. Different groups of wedge blocks adapt to support the workpiece to adjust the different surfaces to be processed to be in a horizontal position.

2. The special clamp for the inclined guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side pressure block assembly includes at least two pressure blocks fixed to the second support inclined surface. Each pressure block has a screw hole, and a screw for pressing against and limiting the side of the workpiece is screwed into the screw hole.

3. The special clamp for the inclined guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece clamping assembly includes a clamping rod for clamping the workpiece and long tie rods fixedly installed at both ends of the workpiece support position on the triangular support base. The clamping rod is sleeved with the long tie rods and tightened with nuts to clamp the workpiece.

4. The special fixture for the inclined guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module consists of several groups, with each group corresponding to a specific inclined surface of the workpiece to be processed.

5. A method for controlling the machining accuracy of an inclined guide rail, characterized in that, The inclined guide rail is clamped, fixed, and its machining dimensional accuracy is controlled by the special fixture described in any one of claims 1-4 using the following method: The first step is to determine the inclined surface to be processed for the first time based on the angle of each inclined surface of the inclined guide rail, and fix the workpiece on the inclined side of the triangular support base using the tooling assembly for fixing the workpiece, so that the surface to be processed is facing upward; then fix the corresponding detection module on the upper side of the triangular support base, and make the horizontal reference surface of the detection module facing upward; fix the fixture on the machine tool spindle, and adjust the position of the horizontal reference surface of the detection module to the design position. The second step is to start the machining process to process the workpiece until the machined surface after cutting is in the same plane as the horizontal reference surface, as monitored by the inspection tool, thus completing the first machining of the inclined plane; The third step is to adjust the position of the workpiece on the triangular support base and clamp and position the other machined surfaces. During clamping, the machined inclined surface is used as the reference surface and is supported against the inclined side of the triangular support base. The inclined surface base is fixed on the horizontal worktable. Based on the relative angle between the inclined surface to be machined and the reference surface, it is determined whether to use wedge blocks to support the inclined surface base to adjust the surface to be machined to be horizontal. Then, the workpiece and the corresponding detection module are fixed, and the machining process is started until the machined surface after cutting is monitored by the inspection tool and the horizontal reference surface of the detection module is in the same plane to complete the machining process of one guide rail inclined surface. Repeat this step to complete the machining of other inclined surfaces.

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