Multifunctional friction extrusion forming and welding forming test bed and use method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of material processing, and provides a multifunctional friction extrusion forming and welding forming test bench and a using method thereof.The test bench comprises a rack, a stock bin assembly, a clamp, a friction extrusion stirring assembly, a material abutting assembly and a mandrel assembly; a sliding rail assembly and a main shaft base are arranged on the rack, a stock bin base and a tailstock base are arranged on the sliding rail assembly, a transmission main shaft is arranged on the main shaft base, and a driving assembly in transmission connection with the transmission main shaft is arranged below the rack; the transmission main shaft is a hollow shaft, and a detachable discharging cooling bed is arranged in the main shaft; the first linear driving piece is used for driving the stock bin base to reciprocate; the second linear driving piece is used for driving the tailstock base to reciprocate; the test bed can realize friction stirring extrusion forming and welding forming, can also be used in the aspects of powder extrusion blank making, strong shear deformation extrusion, solid phase regeneration, permeation, diffusion, mutual dissolution recrystallization and the like of different materials, and is a multifunctional test bed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of material processing, and more specifically, relates to a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench and a method of using the same. Background Art

[0002] The friction stir extrusion molding process is an organic sequential combination of three basic processes: extrusion friction, strong stirring, and extrusion molding. The previous process provides operating conditions and possibilities for the subsequent process. The intermediate process uses the output of the previous process to continue to complete the corresponding operation. The last process completes the molding and manufacturing of the final profile.

[0003] Among them, extrusion friction uses two materials with large differences in melting points (the material with a low melting point is called the base material, and the material with a high melting point is called the grinding head), applies a certain axial pressure on the contact end faces of the base material and the grinding head, and makes the grinding head and the base material perform violent relative (rotational) friction motion on the contact surface. The mutual friction of the surface is used as a heat source to heat the material with a low melting point in the contact surface area to a certain temperature (slightly lower than the melting point of the material), melt the base material (material with a low melting point), and construct a plastic base material molten pool.

[0004] Strong stirring: Stirring can accelerate the microscopic heat conduction of the masterbatch, promote the melting of the masterbatch particles in the molten pool, accelerate the balance and consistency of the composition and temperature of the masterbatch in the molten pool, and prepare for the subsequent extrusion molding. During the friction process, due to the surface geometric characteristics of the contact surface and the viscosity of the molten pool material, the violent relative movement of the die head and the mother material naturally has the effect of self-disturbance stirring of the masterbatch in the molten pool. However, in order to achieve better results, the friction surface of the grinding head needs to be designed with higher friction efficiency, better stirring effect, and more conducive to the plastic flow of the molten pool masterbatch and subsequent extrusion molding.

[0005] Extrusion molding: Extrusion molding refers to a method of strongly extruding the plastic masterbatch in the molten pool to form it through a hole die. By using different hole dies, profiles with different cross-sectional shapes can be manufactured, including hollow profiles.

[0006] Friction welding: A certain axial pressure is applied to the welding end faces of the two weldments, and the contact surfaces are subjected to intense friction motion. The heat generated by friction heats the contact surfaces to a certain welding temperature (generally slightly lower than the melting point of the material). The motion is then stopped rapidly, and a certain top forging pressure is applied to cause a certain amount of plastic deformation of the two weldment metals, thereby firmly welding the two weldments together.

[0007] In order to achieve the above functions, there are currently stir friction-extrusion composite devices and welding devices, which respectively realize stir friction, extrusion and welding functions. These devices have single functions and are divided into multiple devices. They are not suitable for multi-mechanical property tests of materials, such as material mutual dissolution and recrystallization, solid phase regeneration, penetration of different materials, etc. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench, which can at least simultaneously meet the friction extrusion molding and welding molding of materials.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench, including: a frame, a silo assembly, a fixture, a friction extrusion stirring assembly, a material abutment assembly and a mandrel assembly; the frame is provided with a slide rail assembly and a spindle base, the slide rail assembly is slidably provided with a silo base and a tailstock base, the spindle base is rotatably provided with a mounting spindle, and the bottom of the frame is provided with a driving assembly connected to the mounting spindle in a transmission manner; the mounting spindle is a hollow shaft, and a discharging cooling bed can be detachably installed in the mounting spindle;

[0010] It also includes: a first linear drive member driving the silo base to reciprocate and a second linear drive member driving the tailstock base to reciprocate;

[0011] The silo assembly is detachably mounted on the silo base, the clamp is detachably mounted on the silo assembly and the mounting spindle, the friction extrusion stirring assembly is detachably mounted on the mounting spindle, the material resisting assembly is detachably mounted on the silo assembly or the tail frame base or the mounting spindle, and the core shaft assembly is detachably mounted on the tail frame base or the material resisting assembly.

[0012] In one embodiment, the friction extrusion stirring assembly includes a friction extrusion stirring shaft and an electric slip ring, which are installed on the mounting spindle. The friction extrusion stirring shaft is a hollow shaft, and the discharge cooling bed extends into the friction extrusion stirring shaft. The mandrel of the mandrel assembly can be inserted into the friction extrusion stirring shaft after passing through the blank in the silo assembly.

[0013] In one embodiment, a through hole is provided at the center of the silo base, and a circle of flange holes is provided around the through hole. The silo assembly and the clamp are detachably mounted on the silo base through the flange holes.

[0014] In one embodiment, the material-blocking assembly includes a material-blocking flange and a material-blocking rod. The material-blocking flange is detachably mounted on the silo assembly, and the material-blocking rod is detachably mounted on the tailstock base or the mounting spindle.

[0015] In one embodiment, the spindle assembly includes a third linear drive and a spindle, and the third linear drive is disposed on the tailstock base;

[0016] The core shaft is detachably mounted on the piston rod of the third linear drive member and movably arranged in the material-blocking rod, or the core shaft is detachably mounted on the material-blocking flange.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first linear drive member, the second linear drive member and the third linear drive member are all air cylinders, oil cylinders or hydraulic cylinders.

[0018] In one embodiment, two of the first linear drive member and the second linear drive member are provided, the body of the first linear drive member is fixed on the spindle base, and the piston rod of the first linear drive member is fixedly connected to one side of the silo base;

[0019] The body of the second linear drive member is fixed on the tailstock base, and the piston rod of the second linear drive member is fixedly connected to the other side surface of the silo base.

[0020] In one embodiment, the drive assembly includes a variable frequency motor, a coupling, a gearbox and a pulley group; the variable frequency motor is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox through the coupling, and the output shaft of the gearbox and the mounting spindle are connected through the pulley group.

[0021] Another object of the present application is to provide a method for using a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench. Based on the multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench as described above, the method for using includes a method for using friction stir extrusion molding and a method for using friction welding molding:

[0022] The friction stir extrusion molding method comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. Selectively install the mandrel assembly according to the material to be processed. If the material to be processed is a hollow material, install the mandrel assembly; if the material to be processed is a solid material, do not install the mandrel assembly; the following steps are all described based on the hollow material;

[0024] S2, select three-body working mode or two-body working mode. In the three-body working mode, the spindle base, the silo base and the tailstock base are all involved in the work; in the two-body working mode, the spindle base and the silo base are involved in the work, and the tailstock base is not involved in the work;

[0025] S3, install the silo assembly on the silo base, install the friction extrusion stirring assembly on the mounting spindle, install the material stop assembly on the tail frame base; install the mandrel assembly on the tail frame base; install the discharge cooling bed on the spindle base and penetrate the mounting spindle and the friction extrusion stirring assembly;

[0026] S4. In the three-body working mode, the silo base is moved toward the spindle base, and the stirring head of the friction extrusion stirring assembly is inserted into the material cavity of the silo assembly; the mandrel of the mandrel assembly is also inserted into the material cavity and into the stirring head;

[0027] Fill the blank into the material cavity, and compact the contact surface between the blank and the stirring head;

[0028] The tailstock base moves toward the silo base, so that the material-resisting assembly resists the blank and continues to push the blank toward the stirring head to apply initial extrusion force;

[0029] The driving component starts, the driving installation main shaft rotates, and the friction extrusion stirring component rotates synchronously. The material resisting component continues to apply extrusion force synchronously, and the molding material is discharged through the discharge cooling bed. At the same time, the mandrel retracts intermittently until the remaining amount of the blank reaches the predetermined amount, and then the material is replenished or the process ends;

[0030] In the two-body mode, unlike the three-body mode, the mandrel assembly is installed on the material stop assembly, and the material stop assembly is installed on the silo assembly;

[0031] The friction welding forming method comprises the following steps:

[0032] A1. Replace the silo assembly on the silo base with the first fixture, and replace the friction extrusion stirring assembly on the mounting spindle with the second fixture;

[0033] A2, clamping the first material on the first clamp, and clamping the second material on the second clamp;

[0034] A3. The silo base moves toward the spindle base, and the first material and the second material are in contact;

[0035] A4. The driving assembly works to drive the installation spindle to rotate, thereby synchronously driving the second material to rotate. At the same time, the first material is gradually moved toward the second material to achieve friction welding of the first material and the second material.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the multifunctional friction extrusion forming and welding forming test bench and the use method provided by the present application are:

[0037] The test bench can realize friction stirring extrusion molding and welding molding through the combination and installation of various components. It can also be used for material stretching, powder extrusion billet making, strong shear deformation extrusion, solid phase regeneration, penetration, diffusion, mutual dissolution and recrystallization of different materials. It is a multifunctional comprehensive test platform, which is very suitable for material research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view of the multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic side view of the structure of a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a three-body mode in a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a first two-body mode in a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second two-body mode in the multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are:

[0046] 1. Frame; 2. Slide rail assembly; 3. Spindle base; 31. Install spindle; 4. Silo base; 5. Tail frame base; 6. Silo assembly; 7. Friction extrusion stirring assembly; 71. Friction extrusion stirring shaft; 72. Electric slip ring; 8. Material stop assembly; 81. Material stop rod; 82. Material stop flange; 9. Mandrel assembly; 91. Third linear drive member; 92. Mandrel; 10. Drive assembly; 101. Frequency conversion motor; 102. Coupling; 103. Gearbox; 104. Pulley assembly; 11. Discharging cooling bed; 12. First linear drive member; 13. Second linear drive member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0048] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0049] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0050] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0051] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench provided in an embodiment of the present application is now described. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench comprises: a frame 1, a silo assembly 6, a fixture, a friction extrusion stirring assembly 7, a material abutment assembly 8 and a mandrel assembly 9. Among them, the silo assembly 6, the fixture, the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7, the material abutment assembly 8 and the mandrel assembly 9 can be selectively installed and used according to the test requirements, and the fixture is a conventional fixture used for friction welding.

[0052] Specifically, a slide rail assembly 2 and a spindle base 3 are fixedly provided on the frame 1. The slide rail assembly 2 is an existing guide rail structure. A silo base 4 and a tailstock base 5 are slidably provided on the slide rail assembly 2. The silo base 4 and the tailstock base 5 can perform reciprocating linear motion on the slide rail assembly 2 individually or simultaneously. The silo base 4 is located between the tailstock base 5 and the spindle base 3. The reciprocating motion of the silo base 4 is controlled by a first linear drive 12, and the reciprocating motion of the tailstock base 5 is controlled by a second linear drive 13. The test bench is also equipped with a control system, which includes conventional components such as a variable frequency speed controller, a PLC control cabinet, a touch screen, and various corresponding detection sensors, which are used to complete the operation, status monitoring, logical operation, and data storage of the test bench.

[0053] Among them, the spindle base 3 is provided with a mounting spindle 31 through the bearing and the end cover for rotation, and the bottom of the frame 1 is provided with a driving assembly 10 connected to the mounting spindle 31, and the driving assembly 10 is used to drive the mounting spindle 31 to rotate. The mounting spindle 31 is a hollow shaft, which is used for extrusion molding and discharging. The discharging cooling bed 11 is detachably installed in the mounting spindle 31; the discharging cooling bed 11 is a tubular structure, and the outside is equipped with a water cooling jacket, which is used to discharge the processed and shaped materials.

[0054] In this embodiment, the silo assembly 6 is detachably mounted on the silo base 4, the fixture is detachably mounted on the silo assembly 6 and the mounting spindle 31, the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7 is detachably mounted on the mounting spindle 31, the material stop assembly 8 is detachably mounted on the silo assembly 6 or the tail frame base 5 or the mounting spindle 31, and the mandrel assembly 9 is detachably mounted on the tail frame base 5 or the material stop assembly 8. Specifically, when performing friction extrusion molding, the silo assembly 6 is mounted on the silo base 4; when welding molding, the silo assembly 6 is removed, and the two fixtures are respectively installed on the silo assembly 6 and the mounting spindle 31. When the material is formed into a hollow structure, the mandrel assembly 9 is selected to be installed; if the material is formed into a solid structure, the mandrel assembly 9 is not installed. According to the different discharge sides of the silo assembly 6, the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7, the material stop assembly 8 and the discharge cooling bed 11 can be selectively installed.

[0055] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7 includes a friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 and an electric slip ring 72. One end of the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 and the electric slip ring 72 are mounted on the mounting spindle 31. The friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 rotates synchronously with the mounting spindle 31. The other end of the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 is a stirring head, and a temperature sensor and a speed sensor are also integrated at the stirring head. The friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 is a hollow shaft, and the discharge cooling bed 11 extends into the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71. When the material is formed into a hollow structure, the core shaft 92 of the core shaft assembly 9 can be inserted into the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 after passing through the blank in the silo assembly 6, so that the formed material is a hollow material and is discharged through the discharge cooling bed 11.

[0056] In this embodiment, a through hole is provided at the center of the silo base 4, and a circle of flange holes is provided around the through hole. The silo assembly 6 and the clamp are detachably mounted on the silo base 4 through the flange holes and bolts, so that the silo assembly 6 or the clamp can be selectively installed according to the needs. The silo assembly 6 has a material cavity, and the shape of the material cavity is adapted to the shape of the material molding. The silo assembly 6 also has a cooling jacket structure, which is cooled by water cooling; the silo assembly 6 is designed into different styles according to the test requirements, and there is no specific limitation here, as long as it can be mounted on the silo base 4 through the flange holes and bolts.

[0057] In this embodiment, the material-retaining assembly 8 includes a material-retaining flange 82 and a material-retaining rod 81. According to the test requirements, the material-retaining flange 82 or the material-retaining rod 81 can be selectively installed. The material-retaining flange 82 is detachably mounted on the silo assembly 6, and the material-retaining rod 81 is detachably mounted on the tailstock base 5 or detachably mounted on the mounting spindle 31.

[0058] In this embodiment, the mandrel assembly 9 includes a third linear drive 91 and a mandrel 92. The third linear drive 91 is arranged on the tail frame base 5; the mandrel 92 is detachably mounted on the piston rod of the third linear drive 91 and movably arranged in the material stopper rod 81, or the mandrel 92 is detachably mounted on the material stopper flange 82. When the mandrel 92 is mounted on the third linear drive 91, the reciprocating motion of the mandrel 92 can be realized, and the retreat action of the mandrel 92 can be realized. In the process of manufacturing hollow profile extrusion molding, if the mandrel 92 does not retreat, the mandrel 92 will be over-wrapped by the profile, resulting in difficulty in demolding, and as the temperature of the output profile decreases, the profile will shrink, and the wrapping force on the mandrel 92 will also increase. It takes more energy to "pull out or withdraw" the mandrel 92 from the profile. Therefore, the mandrel 92 is retreated in real time through the third linear drive 91.

[0059] In this embodiment, the first linear drive member 12, the second linear drive member 13 and the third linear drive member 91 are all air cylinders, oil cylinders or hydraulic cylinders. Preferably, they are hydraulic cylinders. The test bench is also equipped with a corresponding hydraulic system for realizing various working states of the first linear drive member 12, the second linear drive member 13 and the third linear drive member 91.

[0060] In this embodiment, two first linear drive members 12 and two second linear drive members 13 are provided, the body of the first linear drive member 12 is fixed on the spindle base 3, and the piston rod of the first linear drive member 12 is fixedly connected to one side of the silo base 4; when the piston rod of the first linear drive member 12 is extended or contracted, the silo base 4 is pushed or pulled away from or close to the spindle base 3. The body of the second linear drive member 13 is fixed on the tailstock base 5, and the piston rod of the second linear drive member 13 is fixedly connected to the other side of the silo base 4; when the piston rod of the second linear drive member 13 is extended or contracted, the tailstock base 5 is pushed or pulled away from or close to the silo base 4.

[0061] In this embodiment, the drive assembly 10 includes a variable frequency motor 101, a coupling 102, a gearbox 103 and a pulley set 104; the variable frequency motor 101 is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 103 through the coupling 102, and the output shaft of the gearbox 103 is connected to the installation spindle 31 through the pulley set 104. The gearbox 103 is used to provide the required torque and speed for the rotation of the installation spindle 31. The frame 1 is also provided with a tensioning mechanism for tensioning the pulley set 104 to prevent the pulley set 104 from slipping. Among them, the gearbox 103 adopts a gearbox 103 with a coaxial input shaft and an output shaft, so that the transmission efficiency is high, the torque is large, the structure is compact, and multiple gear changes can be achieved.

[0062] like Figure 4-6 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for using a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench. The method is based on the multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench as described above, and the method includes a method for using friction stir extrusion molding and a method for using friction welding molding.

[0063] The friction stir extrusion molding method comprises the following steps:

[0064] S1. Selectively install the mandrel assembly 9 according to the material to be processed. If the material to be processed is hollow material extrusion molding, install the mandrel assembly 9; if the material to be processed is solid material extrusion molding, do not install the mandrel assembly 9; solid material extrusion molding does not have a mandrel 92 and related actions, the operation is relatively simple, and the remaining steps are the same as hollow profile extrusion molding. The following steps are described based on hollow material extrusion molding;

[0065] S2. Select a three-body working mode or a two-body working mode. In the three-body working mode, the spindle base 3, the silo base 4 and the tailstock base 5 are all involved in the work; in the two-body working mode, the spindle base 3 and the silo base 4 are involved in the work, and the tailstock base 5 does not participate in the work.

[0066] S3. Install the silo assembly 6 on the silo base 4, install the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7 on the mounting spindle 31, and install the material blocking assembly 8 on the tail frame base; install the mandrel assembly 9 on the tail frame base; the discharge cooling bed 11 is installed on the spindle base 3 and penetrated into the mounting spindle 31 and the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7; in this step, the material blocking assembly 8 uses a material blocking rod 81, and the mandrel 92 in the mandrel assembly 9 is installed on the third linear drive member 91.

[0067] S4, in the three-body working mode, the silo base 4 is moved toward the spindle base 3, and the stirring head of the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7 is inserted into the material cavity of the silo assembly 6; the mandrel 92 of the mandrel assembly 9 is also inserted into the material cavity and into the stirring head;

[0068] The blank is filled into the material cavity, the contact surface between the blank and the stirring head is compacted, and the contact surface between the stirring head and the blank is used to form a molten pool;

[0069] The tailstock base 5 moves toward the direction close to the silo base 4, so that the material-receiving rod 81 of the material-receiving assembly 8 abuts against the blank, and continues to push the blank toward the stirring head, exerting an initial extrusion force;

[0070] The driving component 10 is started, driving the mounting main shaft 31 to rotate, synchronously driving the friction extrusion stirring component 7 to rotate, and the material-resisting component 8 continues to apply extrusion force synchronously, and the rotating stirring head forms a molten pool at the contact surface with the blank, and then under the extrusion action of the material-resisting rod 81, the material in the molten pool enters the stirring head for molding, and the molded material is discharged through the discharging cooling bed 11. At the same time, the mandrel 92 retracts intermittently until the remaining amount of the blank reaches a predetermined amount, and then the material is replenished or the process is ended; wherein, the retraction of the mandrel 92 is carried out synchronously with the extrusion molding, and the retraction amount is consistent with the extrusion feed amount, and is automatically achieved. During the extrusion process, the feed amount of the tailstock base 5 is automatically measured by the matching grating system. At the same time, the matching laser distance measurement system automatically measures the feed amount of the mandrel 92 and compares them. When the feed amount of the mandrel 92 is less than the feed amount of the tailstock base 5, the third linear drive 91 is turned on to compensate for the feed amount. When the feed amount of the mandrel 92 is equal to or greater than the feed amount of the tailstock base 5, the third linear drive 91 is turned on to stop compensation or retreat. The time interval is 0.1 seconds, and the feed amount comparison error is 0.1mm. Closed-loop automatic control and PLC logic operation are adopted, and self-checking and self-adjusting are circulated in this way. Among them, the feed amount refers to the amount of movement in the direction of the spindle base 3, and its purpose is to always keep the depth of the mandrel 92 inserted into the stirring head in a stable state.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, in the two-body mode, unlike the three-body mode, the core shaft 92 of the core shaft assembly 9 is installed on the material abutment flange 82 of the material abutment assembly 8, and the material abutment flange 82 of the material abutment assembly 8 is installed on the silo assembly 6.

[0072] like Figure 6 As shown, in another two-body mode of extrusion molding of solid materials, the material resisting rod 81 can be installed on the mounting spindle 31, and the material resisting flange 82 can be installed on the silo assembly 6. The material resisting flange 82 is provided with a discharge hole, and a molten pool is formed at the contact point between the material resisting flange 82 and the blank. The material resisting rod 81 drives the blank to rotate, and the molding material is discharged through the material resisting flange 82. In this way, the discharge side is exposed, which makes it easy to observe the test process and to easily realize the extrusion molding of solid materials.

[0073] The friction welding forming method comprises the following steps:

[0074] A1. Replace the silo assembly 6 on the silo base 4 with the first fixture, and replace the friction extrusion stirring assembly 7 or the material stopper rod 81 on the mounting spindle 31 with the second fixture;

[0075] A2. Clamp the first material to be welded on the first clamp, and clamp the second material to be welded on the second clamp;

[0076] A3, the silo base 4 moves toward the spindle base 3, and makes the first material contact with the second material;

[0077] A4. The driving assembly 10 works to drive the mounting main shaft 31 to rotate, thereby synchronously driving the second material to rotate. At the same time, the first material is gradually moved toward the second material to achieve friction welding of the first material and the second material.

[0078] After the first material and the second material are welded together, wait for their temperature to drop, and unlock the clamp after the welding area completes recrystallization, and remove it.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, the following is a specific introduction to the three-body mode and the method of discharging materials through the discharging cooling bed 11 (hollow core material extrusion molding): the material stopper 81 is installed on the tail frame base 5, the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 is installed on the installation spindle 31, and the discharging cooling bed 11 is installed in the installation spindle 31;

[0080] The first step is to start the supporting hydraulic system and reset all components (can be done simultaneously):

[0081] The silo base 4 is reset: under the action of the first linear drive member 12, the silo base 4 slides in the direction of the spindle base 3 until the stirring head of the friction-extrusion stirring shaft 71 enters the material cavity of the silo assembly 6, and the insertion depth is 10 mm;

[0082] The tailstock base 5 is reset: under the action of the second linear drive member 13, the tailstock base 5 moves to the extreme position in the direction away from the silo base 4;

[0083] The mandrel 92 is reset: the mandrel 92 returns to the minimum stroke position under the action of the third linear drive member 91;

[0084] Step 2: Filling and compacting of the blank:

[0085] The blank is filled into the material cavity of the silo assembly 6, the contact surface between the blank and the stirring head is compacted, and the second linear drive member 13 is started. Under the action of the pulling force, the material blocking rod 81 slowly moves toward the direction of the silo base 4. After the material blocking rod 81 engages with the contact surface of the blank, the core shaft 92 passes through the blank and is inserted into the stirring head, continuing to push the blank toward the stirring head and applying an initial extrusion force.

[0086] Step 3: Start the friction stir extrusion molding and synchronously retract the mandrel 92:

[0087] According to the test requirements, confirm the gear position of the gearbox 103, start the variable frequency motor 101 in the low speed and slow speed-up mode, provide the required speed and torque to the installation spindle 31, and measure the speed of the installation spindle 31 to be in a reasonable range; slowly increase the working pressure of the second linear drive member 13, the test bench enters the friction stir extrusion molding mode, the molded material is discharged through the discharge cooling bed 11, and the operation of the test bench is observed.

[0088] The retraction of the mandrel 92 is carried out synchronously with the extrusion molding, and the retraction amount is consistent with the extrusion feed amount, which is automatically realized. During the extrusion process, the feed amount of the tailstock base 5 is automatically measured by the matching grating system. At the same time, the matching laser ranging system automatically measures the feed amount of the mandrel 92 and compares them. When the feed amount of the mandrel 92 is less than the feed amount of the tailstock base 5, the third linear drive 91 is turned on to compensate the feed amount. When the feed amount of the mandrel 92 is equal to or greater than the feed amount of the tailstock base 5, the third linear drive 91 is turned on to stop compensation or retraction. The time interval is 0.1 seconds, and the feed amount comparison error is 0.1mm. Closed-loop automatic control and PLC logic operation are adopted, and self-checking and self-adjusting are circulated in this way. Among them, the feed amount is the amount of movement in the direction of the spindle base 3, and its purpose is to always keep the depth of the mandrel 92 inserted into the stirring head in a stable state.

[0089] Step 4: Secondary filling and compaction;

[0090] When the consumption of the blanks in the silo component 6 is close to the predetermined amount, an early warning will be given to wait for manual processing. After a certain period of time, if there is no manual processing, it will be automatically processed:

[0091] Manual processing includes at least the following operations: installing the reset button of the spindle 92 to reset the third linear drive 91; pressing the reset button of the tailstock base 5 to reset the second linear drive 13; pressing the motor speed reduction button to the standby speed; then repeating the second step to continue the test.

[0092] The automatic processing is automatically controlled by the control system to reset the mandrel 92, reset the tailstock base 5, and reduce the speed of the frequency conversion motor 101 to standby; the silo base 4 and the tailstock base 5 are synchronously moved away from the spindle base 3 by at least 30 mm, so that the blank is separated from the mixing head and the profile is broken; an audible and visual prompt is issued, the test is stopped, and manual processing is waited for.

[0093] like Figure 4As shown, the following is a specific introduction to the two-body mode and the method of discharging materials through the discharging cooling bed 11 (hollow material extrusion molding, if it is solid material extrusion molding, the core shaft 92 can be omitted): the tail frame base 5 is not involved in this mode, the material abutment flange 82 is installed on the silo assembly 6, the core shaft 92 is installed on the material abutment flange 82, the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 is installed on the main shaft 31, and the discharging cooling bed 11 is installed in the main shaft 31.

[0094] The first step is to start the supporting hydraulic system and reset all components (can be done simultaneously):

[0095] The silo base 4 is reset: under the action of the first linear drive member 12, the silo base 4 slides in the direction of the spindle base 3 until the stirring head of the friction-extrusion stirring shaft 71 enters the material cavity of the silo assembly 6, and the insertion depth is 10 mm;

[0096] The tailstock base 5 is reset: under the action of the second linear drive member 13, the tailstock base 5 moves to the limit position in the direction away from the silo base 4, stops after reaching the position, and does not participate in subsequent actions; the purpose is to facilitate the installation of the material flange 82 and the mandrel 92;

[0097] The second step is filling and compacting the blank:

[0098] First, fill the blank into the material cavity of the silo assembly 6, then install the core shaft 92 on the material abutment flange 82, and finally install the material abutment flange 82 on the silo assembly 6; start the first linear drive member 12, and the silo base 4 moves toward the direction close to the spindle base 3, so that the stirring head applies an initial extrusion force to the blank.

[0099] Step 3: Start the friction stir extrusion molding and synchronously retract the mandrel 92:

[0100] According to the test requirements, confirm the gear position of the gearbox 103, start the variable frequency motor 101 in the low speed and slow speed-up mode, provide the required speed and torque to the installation spindle 31, and measure the speed of the installation spindle 31 to be in a reasonable range; slowly increase the working pressure of the first linear drive member 12 so that the silo base 4 continues to move toward the direction close to the spindle base 3, and the test bench enters the friction stir extrusion molding mode. The molded material is discharged through the discharge cooling bed 11, and the operation of the test bench is observed.

[0101] Step 4: Reset after completing the operation:

[0102] When the consumption of the blanks in the silo assembly 6 is close to a predetermined amount, an early warning will be given to wait for manual processing. After a certain period of time, if there is no manual processing, it will be switched to automatic processing.

[0103] like Figure 6As shown, this embodiment provides another two-body mode, which discharges the material through the side of the material-resisting flange 82, and is mainly used to realize the extrusion molding of solid materials. Figure 5 The difference between the two-body model shown is: remove the friction extrusion stirring shaft 71 and the discharge cooling bed 11, install the material blocking rod 81 on the mounting spindle 31, install the material blocking flange 82 on the silo assembly 6 and do not install the core shaft 92, the material blocking flange 82 has a discharge hole, and the mounting spindle 31 drives the material blocking rod 81 to rotate, thereby driving the billet to rotate, and the other processes are the same.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench, characterized in that: include: A frame (1), a silo assembly (6), a clamp, a friction extrusion stirring assembly (7), a material abutment assembly (8) and a spindle assembly (9); the frame (1) is provided with a slide rail assembly (2) and a spindle base (3); a silo base (4) and a tailstock base (5) are slidably provided on the slide rail assembly (2); a mounting spindle (31) is rotatably provided on the spindle base (3); a driving assembly (10) is provided at the bottom of the frame (1) and is transmission-connected to the mounting spindle (31); the mounting spindle (31) is a hollow shaft, and a discharging cooling bed (11) is detachably installed in the mounting spindle (31); It also includes: a first linear drive member (12) for driving the silo base (4) to reciprocate and a second linear drive member (13) for driving the tail frame base (5) to reciprocate; The silo assembly (6) is detachably mounted on the silo base (4); the clamp is detachably mounted on the silo assembly (6) and the mounting spindle (31); the friction extrusion stirring assembly (7) is detachably mounted on the mounting spindle (31); the material stop assembly (8) is detachably mounted on the silo assembly (6) or the tail frame base (5) or the mounting spindle (31); and the core shaft assembly (9) is detachably mounted on the tail frame base (5) or the material stop assembly (8).

2. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The friction extrusion stirring assembly (7) comprises a friction extrusion stirring shaft (71) and an electric slip ring (72); the friction extrusion stirring shaft (71) and the electric slip ring (72) are mounted on the mounting main shaft (31); the friction extrusion stirring shaft (71) is a hollow shaft; the discharge cooling bed (11) extends into the friction extrusion stirring shaft (71); and the core shaft (92) of the core shaft assembly (9) can be inserted into the friction extrusion stirring shaft (71) after passing through the blank in the silo assembly (6).

3. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A through hole is provided at the center of the silo base (4), and a circle of flange holes is provided around the through hole. The silo assembly (6) and the clamp are detachably mounted on the silo base (4) through the flange holes.

4. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The material-blocking assembly (8) comprises a material-blocking flange (82) and a material-blocking rod (81); the material-blocking flange (82) is detachably mounted on the silo assembly (6); and the material-blocking rod (81) is detachably mounted on the tailstock base (5) or the mounting spindle (31).

5. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The spindle assembly (9) comprises a third linear drive member (91) and a spindle (92), wherein the third linear drive member (91) is arranged on the tailstock base (5); The core shaft (92) is detachably mounted on the piston rod of the third linear drive member (91) and movably arranged in the material-blocking rod (81), or the core shaft (92) is detachably mounted on the material-blocking flange (82).

6. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first linear drive member (12), the second linear drive member (13) and the third linear drive member (91) are all air cylinders, oil cylinders or hydraulic cylinders.

7. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The first linear drive member (12) and the second linear drive member (13) are both provided with two, the body of the first linear drive member (12) is fixed on the spindle base (3), and the piston rod of the first linear drive member (12) is fixedly connected to a side surface of the silo base (4); The body of the second linear drive member (13) is fixed on the tail frame base (5), and the piston rod of the second linear drive member (13) is fixedly connected to the other side surface of the silo base (4).

8. The multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The drive assembly (10) comprises a variable frequency motor (101), a coupling (102), a gearbox (103) and a pulley group (104); the variable frequency motor (101) is transmission-connected to an input shaft of the gearbox (103) via the coupling (102), and the output shaft of the gearbox (103) and the mounting main shaft (31) are transmission-connected via the pulley group (104).

9. A method for using a multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench, characterized in that: Based on the multifunctional friction extrusion molding and welding molding test bench as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the use method includes a friction stir extrusion molding use method and a friction welding molding use method: The friction stir extrusion molding method comprises the following steps: S1. Selectively install the mandrel assembly (9) according to the material to be processed. If the material to be processed is a hollow material, the mandrel assembly (9) is installed; if the material to be processed is a solid material, the mandrel assembly (9) is not installed. The following steps are all described based on the hollow material. S2, selecting a three-body working mode or a two-body working mode, wherein the three-body working mode means that the spindle base (3), the silo base (4) and the tailstock base (5) all participate in the work; and the two-body working mode means that the spindle base (3) and the silo base (4) participate in the work, and the tailstock base (5) does not participate in the work; S3, installing the silo assembly (6) on the silo base (4), installing the friction extrusion stirring assembly (7) on the mounting spindle (31), and installing the material stop assembly (8) on the tail frame base (5); installing the mandrel assembly (9) on the tail frame base (5); installing the discharge cooling bed (11) on the spindle base (3) and passing through the mounting spindle (31) and the friction extrusion stirring assembly (7); S4. In the three-body working mode, the silo base (4) is moved toward the spindle base (3), and the stirring head of the friction extrusion stirring assembly (7) is inserted into the material cavity of the silo assembly (6); the mandrel (92) of the mandrel assembly (9) is also inserted into the material cavity and into the stirring head; Fill the blank into the material cavity, and compact the contact surface between the blank and the stirring head; The tail frame base (5) moves towards the silo base (4), so that the material-resisting assembly (8) abuts against the blank and continues to push the blank towards the stirring head, exerting an initial extrusion force; The driving assembly (10) is started, driving the mounting main shaft (31) to rotate, synchronously driving the friction extrusion stirring assembly (7) to rotate, and the material resisting assembly (8) continues to apply extrusion force synchronously, and the molding material is discharged through the discharge cooling bed (11). At the same time, the core shaft (92) is intermittently retreated until the remaining amount of the blank reaches a predetermined amount, and then the material is replenished or the process is ended; In the two-body mode, unlike the three-body mode, the mandrel assembly (9) is installed on the material-blocking assembly (8), and the material-blocking assembly (8) is installed on the silo assembly (6); The friction welding forming method comprises the following steps: A1. Replace the silo assembly (6) on the silo base (4) with a first fixture, and replace the friction extrusion stirring assembly (7) on the mounting spindle (31) with a second fixture; A2, clamping the first material on the first clamp, and clamping the second material on the second clamp; A3, the silo base (4) moves toward the spindle base (3) and brings the first material into contact with the second material; A4. The driving assembly (10) works to drive the mounting main shaft (31) to rotate, thereby synchronously driving the second material to rotate. At the same time, the first material is gradually moved toward the second material, thereby achieving friction welding of the first material and the second material.

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