Airspace decoupling electromagnetic metasurface antenna housing and antenna system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to an airspace decoupling electromagnetic meta-structure surface antenna housing and an antenna system.The antenna housing comprises a multi-layer electromagnetic meta-structure surface composed of a plurality of periodically-arranged square unit structures, the electromagnetic meta-structure surface shows the wave absorbing characteristic within the frequency band of 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz and shows the wave transmitting characteristic within the frequency band of 11 GHz to 15 GHz, and the multi-layer electromagnetic meta-structure surface has the wave absorbing characteristic within the frequency band of 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz and the wave transmitting characteristic within the frequency band of 11 GHz to 15 GHz. Low-frequency wave absorption and high-frequency wave transmission are achieved, and the spatial coupling problem between multi-band antennas is solved. In the antenna system, an antenna cover is transparent at a high frequency band, and an antenna A freely receives and transmits signals; in a low-frequency band, the antenna housing absorbs incident waves and reflected waves of the antenna A, and interference to the antenna B is suppressed; ultra-low coupling (energy attenuation to be close to zero) is achieved through two times of wave absorption (incident waves and reflected waves), the system-level decoupling effect is achieved, cooperative work of dynamic scanning of the antenna A and static receiving of the antenna B is supported, and the multifunctional integration effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome and antenna system. Background Art

[0002] In radar or communication systems on high-speed moving platforms, due to space limitations, multiple antennas with different frequency bands need to be integrated in a compact area. However, the near-field electromagnetic coupling between these antennas will seriously interfere with system performance. For example, the transmission signal of high-frequency antenna array A may be directly coupled to low-frequency antenna array B, or the low-frequency incident wave may interfere with the signal phase and amplitude of antenna array B after being reflected by antenna array A. In traditional solutions, a single-function antenna cover cannot meet the requirements of wave transmission and wave absorption at the same time, resulting in limited electromagnetic isolation effect. The absorbing materials in the prior art are usually only targeted at a single frequency band, and the structure is bulky and difficult to conform to a compact platform.

[0003] Application Contents The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome and antenna system, which utilizes the periodic structure of resistive film and metal wire to effectively suppress the spatial electromagnetic coupling between antennas of different frequency bands.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome, comprising: A multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface composed of a plurality of periodically arranged square unit structures, each of the square unit structures comprising from top to bottom: A first electromagnetic structure layer; a first dielectric substrate layer; A second electromagnetic structure layer; a second dielectric substrate layer; The third electromagnetic structure layer; Among them, the first electromagnetic structure layer and the third electromagnetic structure layer have the same physical size, and are different from the physical size of the second electromagnetic structure layer; the first electromagnetic structure layer, the second electromagnetic structure layer and the third electromagnetic structure layer all include periodically distributed conductive foil areas and resistive film areas; the electromagnetic metasurface exhibits wave-absorbing characteristics in the frequency band of 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz, and exhibits wave-transmitting characteristics in the frequency band of 11 GHz to 15 GHz.

[0005] Optionally, the first electromagnetic structure layer includes four first conductive foil regions and four second resistive film regions, and the four first conductive foil regions and the four first resistive film regions are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path.

[0006] Optionally, the second electromagnetic structure layer includes four second conductive foil regions and four second resistive film regions, and the four second conductive foil regions and the four second resistive film regions are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path.

[0007] Optionally, the third electromagnetic structure layer includes four third conductive foil regions and four third resistor film regions, and the four third conductive foil regions and the four third resistor film regions are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path.

[0008] Optionally, the first conductive foil area includes first conductive lines that are continuously bent at right angles, the first conductive lines are symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal line along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical.

[0009] Optionally, the second conductive foil area includes second conductive lines that are continuously bent at right angles, and the conductive lines are symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal line along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical.

[0010] Optionally, the third conductive foil region includes third conductive lines that are continuously bent at right angles, the third conductive lines are symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal line along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical.

[0011] Optionally, the width of the first conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0012] Optionally, the width of the second conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the width of the third conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the first conductive resistor film area is rectangular in shape, has a width of 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, a length of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and a resistance value of 50Ω to 1000Ω.

[0015] Optionally, the second conductive resistor film area is rectangular in shape, has a width of 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, a length of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and a resistance of 50Ω to 1000Ω.

[0016] Optionally, the third conductive resistor film area is rectangular in shape, has a width of 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, a length of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and a resistance value of 50Ω to 1000Ω.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the conductive foil area is 0.01 mm to 0.04 mm.

[0018] Optionally, the thickness of the resistance film area is 0.017 mm to 0.035 mm.

[0019] Optionally, the period of the square unit structure is 8 mm to 12 mm.

[0020] Optionally, the square unit structure has a side length of 8 mm to 12 mm and a thickness of 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0021] Optionally, the material of the first conductive foil area includes at least one of aluminum, copper, gold, silver, copper alloy, nickel alloy, metal plating film, conductive coating, conductive ink, metal foil laminate, graphene, carbon nanotube and conductive polymer.

[0022] Optionally, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate layer is 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

[0023] Optionally, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate layer is 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

[0024] Optionally, the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate layer is 2.2-3.66.

[0025] Optionally, the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate layer is 2.2-3.66.

[0026] Optionally, the first dielectric substrate layer and the second dielectric substrate layer are bonded together via a prepreg, and the thickness of the prepreg is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 2 to 3.

[0027] Optionally, the first electromagnetic structure layer and the third electromagnetic structure layer have a wave absorption frequency band covering 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz, a wave transmission frequency band covering 11 GHz to 15 GHz, and a reflection coefficient S 11 ≤-5dB, transmission coefficient S 21 ≥-1dB.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present application provides an antenna system, comprising: High-frequency antenna array A, used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the 11GHz~15GHz frequency band; Low-frequency antenna array B is used to receive electromagnetic waves in the 0.2GHz~8GHz frequency band; The spatial decoupling electromagnetic metasurface antenna cover described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is arranged between antenna array A and antenna array B, and is used to suppress the electromagnetic coupling of antenna array A to antenna array B.

[0029] The first aspect of the present application provides a spatial decoupled electromagnetic metasurface antenna cover, which, through the size difference of the multi-layer electromagnetic structure (the first electromagnetic structure layer, the second electromagnetic structure layer and the third electromagnetic structure layer) and the coordinated design of the resistance film area / conductive foil area, excites resonance in the low frequency band (0.2GHz~8GHz), dissipates electromagnetic energy through the resistance film, and shifts the structural resonance frequency in the high frequency band (11GHz~15GHz), and transmits electromagnetic waves. It realizes low-frequency wave absorption and high-frequency wave transmission, and solves the spatial coupling problem between multi-band antennas.

[0030] The second aspect of the present application provides an antenna system, in the high frequency band, the antenna cover is transparent, and the antenna A can freely send and receive signals; in the low frequency band, the antenna cover absorbs the incident wave and the reflected wave of A, suppressing the interference to the antenna B; ultra-low coupling (energy decays to near zero) is achieved through two wave absorptions (incident wave and reflected wave), which has a system-level decoupling effect, supports the coordinated work of antenna A dynamic scanning and antenna B static reception, and realizes a multi-functional integration effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a square unit structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first electromagnetic structure layer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second electromagnetic structure layer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the third electromagnetic structure layer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A diagram of a multilayer electromagnetic metasurface sample before magnetron sputtering of a resistive film provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A diagram of a multilayer electromagnetic metasurface sample after magnetron sputtering of a resistive film provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 The overall structure diagram of the multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface after magnetron sputtering provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of the multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] In the figure: 101, first electromagnetic structure layer; 1011, first conductive foil region; 1012, first resistor film region; 102, second electromagnetic structure layer; 1021, second conductive foil region; 1022, second resistor film region; 103, third electromagnetic structure layer; 1031, third conductive foil region; 1032, third resistor film region; 201, first dielectric substrate layer; 202, second dielectric substrate layer; 301, first mask plate; 302, second mask plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0034] Conformal array antenna refers to an antenna array whose surface has the same or approximately the same shape as the carrier platform surface. The conventional practice is to conformally install the array antenna on a surface of a given shape, such as high-speed aircraft such as aircraft and missiles, as well as various other curved or approximately curved structures.

[0035] like Figure 1-8 As shown, the present application provides a spatial decoupling electromagnetic metasurface antenna cover, including: a multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface composed of a plurality of periodically arranged square unit structures, each square unit structure including from top to bottom: a first electromagnetic structure layer 101, a first dielectric substrate layer 201, a second electromagnetic structure layer 102, a second dielectric substrate layer 202, and a third electromagnetic structure layer 103; wherein the first electromagnetic structure layer 101 and the third electromagnetic structure layer 103 have the same physical size, and are different from the physical size of the second electromagnetic structure layer 102; the first electromagnetic structure layer 101, the second electromagnetic structure layer 102, and the third electromagnetic structure layer 103 all include periodically distributed conductive foil regions and resistive film regions; the electromagnetic metasurface exhibits wave absorbing characteristics in the 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz frequency band, and exhibits wave transmitting characteristics in the 11 GHz to 15 GHz frequency band.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the spatial decoupling electromagnetic metasurface antenna cover provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, through the size difference of the multi-layer electromagnetic structure (the first electromagnetic structure layer 101, the second electromagnetic structure layer 102 and the third electromagnetic structure layer 103) and the coordinated design of the resistance film area / conductive foil area, the low frequency band (0.2GHz~8GHz) excites resonance, the electromagnetic energy is dissipated through the resistance film, the high frequency band (11GHz~15GHz) structural resonance frequency is shifted, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted. Low-frequency wave absorption and high-frequency wave transmission are achieved, solving the spatial coupling problem between multi-band antennas.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the first electromagnetic structure layer 101 includes four first conductive foil regions 1011 and four second resistive film regions 1022, and the four first conductive foil regions 1011 and the four first resistive film regions 1012 are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path. Specifically, the periodic arrangement of the square ring path forms a closed current loop to enhance the resonance effect; the resistive film and the metal foil are alternately arranged to optimize the energy absorption efficiency. The square ring path design improves the low-frequency absorption bandwidth and efficiency, and the alternating structure improves the impedance matching of the absorption frequency band and reduces reflection.

[0038] In a possible implementation, the second electromagnetic structure layer 102 includes four second conductive foil regions 1021 and four second resistive film regions 1022, and the four second conductive foil regions 1021 and the four second resistive film regions 1022 are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path. Specifically, the periodic arrangement of the square ring path forms a closed current loop to enhance the resonance effect; the resistive film and the metal foil are alternately arranged to optimize the energy absorption efficiency. The square ring path design improves the low-frequency absorption bandwidth and efficiency, and the alternating structure improves the impedance matching of the absorption frequency band and reduces reflection.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the third electromagnetic structure layer 103 includes four third conductive foil regions 1031 and four third resistive film regions 1032, and the four third conductive foil regions 1031 and the four third resistive film regions 1032 are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path. Specifically, the periodic arrangement of the square ring path forms a closed current loop to enhance the resonance effect; the resistive film and the metal foil are alternately arranged to optimize the energy absorption efficiency. The square ring path design improves the low-frequency absorption bandwidth and efficiency, and the alternating structure improves the impedance matching of the absorption frequency band and reduces reflection.

[0040] In a possible implementation, the first conductive foil region 1011 includes first conductive lines with continuous right-angle bends, the first conductive lines are symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical. Specifically, the right-angle bend and the symmetry design regulate the electromagnetic field distribution, form multi-mode resonance (such as dipole and ring resonance), and broaden the wave absorption band. Multiple resonance modes are excited by geometric symmetry to cover a wider low-frequency range, and the symmetrical structure reduces the impact of processing errors on performance.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the second conductive foil region 1021 includes a second conductive line with continuous right-angle bends, and the conductive line is symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical. Specifically, the right-angle bend and the symmetry design regulate the electromagnetic field distribution, forming multi-mode resonance (such as dipole and ring resonance) and broadening the wave absorption band. Multiple resonance modes are excited by geometric symmetry to cover a wider low-frequency range, and the symmetrical structure reduces the impact of processing errors on performance.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the third conductive foil region 1031 includes a third conductive line with continuous right-angle bends, the third conductive line is symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical. Specifically, the right-angle bend and the symmetry design regulate the electromagnetic field distribution, form multi-mode resonance (such as dipole and ring resonance), and broaden the wave absorption band. Multiple resonance modes are excited by geometric symmetry to cover a wider low-frequency range, and the symmetrical structure reduces the impact of processing errors on performance.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the width of the first conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. For example, the width of the first conductive line can be any typical but non-limiting point value such as 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, or an interval value between any two point values.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the width of the second conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. For example, the width of the second conductive line can be any typical but non-limiting point value or an interval value between any two point values, such as 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the width of the third conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. For example, the width of the third conductive line can be any typical but non-limiting point value such as 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, or an interval value between any two point values.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the shape of the first conductive film area is rectangular, the width can be 0.3mm~1.5mm, the length is 0.5mm~4mm, and the resistance value is 50Ω~1000Ω. Exemplarily, the width of the first resistive film area 1012 can be 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values. The length of the first resistive film area 1012 can be 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values. The resistance value of the first resistive film area 1012 can be 50Ω, 100Ω, 150Ω, 200Ω, 300Ω, 500Ω, 600Ω, 800Ω, 1000Ω, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the shape of the second conductive film area is rectangular, the width can be 0.3mm~1.5mm, the length is 0.5mm~4mm, and the resistance value is 50Ω~1000Ω. Exemplarily, the width of the second resistive film area 1022 can be 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values. The length of the second resistive film area 1022 is 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values. The resistance value of the second resistive film area 1022 can be 50Ω, 100Ω, 150Ω, 200Ω, 300Ω, 500Ω, 600Ω, 800Ω, 1000Ω, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the shape of the third conductive resistive film area is rectangular, the width can be 0.3mm~1.5mm, the length is 0.5mm~4mm, and the resistance value is 50Ω~1000Ω. Exemplarily, the width of the third resistive film area 1032 can be 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values. The length of the third resistive film area 1032 can be 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values. The resistance value of the third resistive film area 1032 can be 50Ω, 100Ω, 150Ω, 200Ω, 300Ω, 500Ω, 600Ω, 800Ω, 1000Ω, etc., which are typical but non-limiting values ​​at any point or an interval between any two values.

[0049] The width of the conductive lines (first conductive line, second conductive line, third conductive line) determines the current density and resonant frequency; the size and resistance of the resistor film control the energy dissipation efficiency. By adjusting the size and resistance, it is helpful to optimize the wave absorption / transmission performance of a specific frequency band and to adapt to different application scenarios (for example, radar systems require low resistance, and communication systems can relax the requirements).

[0050] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the conductive foil region is 0.01 mm to 0.04 mm. For example, the thickness of the conductive foil region can be any typical but non-limiting point value or an interval value between any two point values, such as 0.01 mm, 0.017 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.04 mm.

[0051] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the resistive film region is 0.017 mm to 0.035 mm. For example, the thickness of the conductive foil region can be 0.017 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.035 mm, or any other typical but non-limiting value or an interval between any two values.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the period of the square unit structure is 8 mm to 12 mm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the conductive foil area can be 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, or any other typical but non-restrictive point value or interval value between any two point values. It should be noted that in a periodic structure, "period" generally refers to the minimum distance or length at which the structure repeats. For a square unit structure, if it is periodic, then the period is the minimum distance at which the square unit repeats in a certain direction (such as horizontally or vertically).

[0053] Among them, the thickness of the conductive foil area / resistance film area affects the conductivity and loss; the period determines the equivalent medium properties of the metasurface (such as the equivalent dielectric constant). The ultra-thin structure reduces weight and is suitable for aerospace applications. The period design matches the target frequency band (such as a 10mm period corresponding to high-frequency wave transmission). In these cases, it is easy to conformally install, providing an efficient electromagnetic decoupling solution for multi-antenna systems on compact platforms.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the side length of the square unit structure is 8mm~12mm and the thickness is 0.6mm~1.2mm. In these cases, it is easy to conformally install and provide an efficient electromagnetic decoupling solution for multi-antenna systems on compact platforms. In some cases, the square unit structures are closely arranged, so the period is equal to the side length.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the material of the first conductive foil area 1011 includes at least one of aluminum, copper, gold, silver, copper alloy, nickel alloy, metal-plated film, conductive coating, conductive ink, metal foil laminate, graphene, carbon nanotube and conductive polymer. The conductivity of different materials (such as low high-frequency loss of copper) and environmental resistance (such as high temperature resistance of graphene) affect the performance. The selection of materials according to the scene (such as graphene for aerospace and aluminum foil for low-cost scenes) has high flexibility, and copper / silver is suitable for millimeter wave transmission requirements and has high-frequency compatibility.

[0056] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate layer 201 is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate layer 202 is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate layer 201 is 2.2 to 3.66, the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate layer 202 is 2.2 to 3.66, the first dielectric substrate layer 201 and the second dielectric substrate layer 202 are bonded together by a prepreg, and the thickness of the prepreg is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 2 to 3. Exemplarily, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate layer 201 can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, or any other typical but non-limiting point value or an interval value between any two point values. The thickness of the second dielectric substrate layer 202 can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, or any other typical but non-limiting point value or an interval value between any two point values. The relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate layer 201 can be any typical but non-restrictive point value or an interval value between any two point values, such as 2.2, 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.66. The relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate layer 202 can be any typical but non-restrictive point value or an interval value between any two point values, such as 2.2, 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.66. In this case, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate affects the phase velocity and resonant frequency of the electromagnetic wave; the semi-cured sheet provides mechanical support and impedance matching, the multi-layer substrate bonding enhances the mechanical strength, which is conducive to improving the structural stability, and the low dielectric constant medium (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) reduces high-frequency loss, which is conducive to frequency band regulation.

[0057] In a possible implementation, the first electromagnetic structure layer 101 and the third electromagnetic structure layer 103 have a wave absorption frequency band covering 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz, a wave transmission frequency band covering 11 GHz to 15 GHz, and a reflection coefficient S 11 ≤-5dB, transmission coefficient S 21 ≥-1dB. Figure 8 The S parameter simulation result diagram of the multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface is shown. The frequency band separation effect is verified through simulation and actual measurement. "SZmax(1), Zmax(1)" represents the reflection coefficient S11 simulation result of the material, and "SZmin(1), Zmax(1)" represents the transmission coefficient S11 of the material. 21 Simulation results. Figure 6 It can be seen that the multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface / radome has wave-absorbing properties in the 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz frequency band (S 11 ≤-5dB, S 21 ≤-5dB), in the frequency range of 11.1GHz~15.3GHz, the material has wave-transmitting properties (S 11 ≤-10dB, S 21 ≥-1dB).

[0058] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, all the resistance film regions (the first resistance film region 1012 , the second resistance film region 1022 , and the third resistance film region 1032 ) are coated on the surfaces of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate respectively by using a magnetron sputtering process.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, the overall structure diagram of the first electromagnetic structure layer 101 and the first dielectric substrate, the second electromagnetic structure layer 102 and the second dielectric substrate after magnetron sputtering is shown. During the entire magnetron sputtering process, the first mask plate 301 and the second mask plate 302 need to be manufactured according to different electromagnetic structure layers, such as the first electromagnetic structure layer 101 and the second electromagnetic structure layer 102.

[0060] The present application provides an antenna cover, which is used to cover the radiation direction of the antenna system, and the antenna cover is composed of the above-mentioned hybrid material metasurface. The antenna system includes two antenna arrays A and B. Antenna array A working in the high frequency band is placed at the center of the platform, and mechanical servo is required to complete beam scanning in space. Antenna array B working at the low frequency end surrounds antenna array A and works. Antenna array A realizes the function of transmitting and receiving high-frequency electromagnetic waves, while antenna array B realizes the function of only receiving low-frequency electromagnetic waves. While antenna array A rotates using mechanical servo, antenna array B receives low-frequency electromagnetic waves incident in space. If the low-frequency incident electromagnetic wave is irradiated on antenna array A and is reflected or scattered. These reflected waves or scattered waves will also enter antenna array B, thereby affecting the amplitude and phase of the signal entering antenna array B. The present invention places a hybrid material electromagnetic metasurface antenna cover between antenna array A and antenna array B, and the covered antenna is antenna array A.

[0061] The electromagnetic metasurface radome provided in the present application exhibits wave-transmitting characteristics within the frequency band in which antenna array A operates. At this time, the radome is electromagnetically transparent to antenna array A. Antenna array A can freely transmit or receive electromagnetic waves within its operating frequency band. And the electromagnetic wave energy in this frequency band is rarely absorbed and attenuated by the radome. Relative to antenna array A, antenna array B operates at a lower frequency band. When a low-frequency incident wave is incident on the hybrid material electromagnetic metasurface radome, the radome exhibits wave-absorbing characteristics within this frequency band. The low-frequency incident electromagnetic waves irradiated on the radome can be absorbed. Even if a small amount of low-frequency electromagnetic wave energy passes through the radome into the antenna array A area and is reflected or scattered by antenna array A. The radome will absorb and attenuate these reflected or scattered waves for a second time. By absorbing and attenuating the low-frequency incident electromagnetic waves twice, the radome can greatly reduce the electromagnetic coupling effect of antenna array A on antenna array B, and realize the electromagnetic decoupling function between the two antennas.

[0062] In a second aspect, the present application provides an antenna system, comprising: High-frequency antenna array A, used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the 11GHz~15GHz frequency band; Low-frequency antenna array B is used to receive electromagnetic waves in the 0.2GHz~8GHz frequency band; The spatial decoupling electromagnetic metasurface radome is arranged between antenna array A and antenna array B to suppress the electromagnetic coupling of antenna array A to antenna array B.

[0063] When the metasurface structure is placed as a radome on the covered antenna A, in the frequency band of 0.2GHz to 8GHz, the electromagnetic energy that passes through the radome, is reflected by the covered antenna A, and then passes through the radome will be absorbed and attenuated twice by the radome, and the energy is attenuated to a level close to zero, with little impact on the antenna B outside the cover. In the frequency band of 11GHz to 15GHz, the radome is electromagnetically transparent to the covered antenna A. Therefore, the covered antenna A operating in the frequency band of 11GHz to 15GHz can freely transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals in this frequency band. The electromagnetic wave energy in this frequency band is attenuated very little by the radome.

[0064] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0065] One or more embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the present application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome, characterized in that: include: A multi-layer electromagnetic metasurface composed of a plurality of periodically arranged square unit structures, each of the square unit structures comprising from top to bottom: A first electromagnetic structure layer (101); A first dielectric substrate layer (201); A second electromagnetic structure layer (102); A second dielectric substrate layer (202); A third electromagnetic structure layer (103); The first electromagnetic structure layer (101) and the third electromagnetic structure layer (103) have the same physical size, and are different from the physical size of the second electromagnetic structure layer (102); The first electromagnetic structure layer (101), the second electromagnetic structure layer (102) and the third electromagnetic structure layer (103) all include periodically distributed conductive foil regions and resistive film regions; The electromagnetic metasurface exhibits wave-absorbing characteristics in the frequency band of 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz, and wave-transmitting characteristics in the frequency band of 11 GHz to 15 GHz.

2. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electromagnetic structure layer (101) comprises four first conductive foil regions (1011) and four second resistive film regions (1022), and the four first conductive foil regions (1011) and the four first resistive film regions (1012) are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path; And / or, the second electromagnetic structure layer (102) comprises four second conductive foil regions (1021) and four second resistive film regions (1022), and the four second conductive foil regions (1021) and the four second resistive film regions (1022) are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path; And / or, the third electromagnetic structure layer (103) comprises four third conductive foil regions (1031) and four third resistance film regions (1032), and the four third conductive foil regions (1031) and the four third resistance film regions (1032) are alternately connected end to end along a square ring path.

3. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first conductive foil area (1011) comprises first conductive lines that are continuously bent at right angles, the first conductive lines are symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal line along the square loop path are mirror-symmetrical; And / or, the second conductive foil area (1021) comprises a second conductive line that is continuously bent at right angles, and the conductive line is symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal line along the square loop path are mirror-symmetrical; And / or, the third conductive foil area (1031) comprises a third conductive line with continuous right-angle bends, the third conductive line is symmetrical in the horizontal direction, and the structures on both sides of the diagonal line along the square ring path are mirror-symmetrical.

4. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the first conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm; And / or, the width of the second conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm; And / or, the width of the third conductive line is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm; And / or, the first conductive resistor film area is rectangular in shape, has a width of 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, a length of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and a resistance of 50 Ω to 1000 Ω; And / or, the second conductive resistor film area is rectangular in shape, has a width of 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, a length of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and a resistance of 50 Ω to 1000 Ω; And / or, the third conductive resistor film area is in a rectangular shape, has a width of 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, a length of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and a resistance value of 50Ω to 1000Ω.

5. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the conductive foil area is 0.01 mm to 0.04 mm; And / or, the thickness of the resistance film region is 0.017 mm to 0.035 mm; And / or, the period of the square unit structure is 8 mm to 12 mm; And / or, the side length of the square unit structure is 8 mm to 12 mm, and the thickness is 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm.

6. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The material of the first conductive foil area (1011) includes at least one of aluminum, copper, gold, silver, copper alloy, nickel alloy, metal plating film, conductive coating, conductive ink, metal foil laminate, graphene, carbon nanotube and conductive polymer.

7. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the first dielectric substrate layer (201) is 0.1 mm to 2 mm; And / or, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate layer (202) is 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

8. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to claim 7, characterized in that: The relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate layer (201) is 2.2-3.66; And / or, the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate layer (202) is 2.2-3.66; And / or, the first dielectric substrate layer (201) and the second dielectric substrate layer (202) are adhered together via a prepreg, and the thickness of the prepreg is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 2 to 3.

9. The spatially decoupled electromagnetic metasurface radome according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 8, characterized in that: The first electromagnetic structure layer (101) and the third electromagnetic structure layer (103) have a wave absorption frequency band covering 0.2 GHz to 8 GHz, a wave transmission frequency band covering 11 GHz to 15 GHz, and a reflection coefficient S 11 ≤-5dB, transmission coefficient S 21 ≥-1dB.

10. An antenna system, characterized in that: include: High-frequency antenna array A, used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the 11GHz~15GHz frequency band; Low-frequency antenna array B is used to receive electromagnetic waves in the 0.2GHz~8GHz frequency band; The spatial decoupling electromagnetic metasurface antenna cover described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is arranged between antenna array A and antenna array B, and is used to suppress the electromagnetic coupling of antenna array A to antenna array B.

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