Intelligent photovoltaic module cleaning system for photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and discloses an intelligent photovoltaic module cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, which is characterized by comprising a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module and a heat dissipation module. The sludge cleaning module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and used for detecting whether sludge is attached to the photovoltaic panel or not and cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The alarm module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and used for sensing dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and giving an alarm. The sludge cleaning module, the alarm module and the heat dissipation module are arranged, when it is detected that sludge adheres to the photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel is cleaned, an alarm is given out, and meanwhile heat dissipation is conducted on the photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for renewable energy continues to grow, the construction and operation of photovoltaic power stations, as an important form of solar power generation, are becoming increasingly important. However, during the long-term operation of photovoltaic power stations, dirt such as dust, bird droppings, and leaves often accumulate on the surface of photovoltaic panels. These dirt will block sunlight and reduce the light absorption efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby affecting the power generation and economic benefits of photovoltaic power stations. At the same time, if photovoltaic panels work under long-term light and high temperature conditions and cannot dissipate heat in time, heat will accumulate, further reducing power generation efficiency and service life. In addition, traditional manual cleaning methods often fail to clean in time, or the cleaning frequency is too high, resulting in a waste of water resources. Therefore, an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for photovoltaic power stations is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to clean the photovoltaic panels and issue an alarm while dissipating heat from the photovoltaic panels when sludge is detected on the photovoltaic panels, and provides an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for photovoltaic power stations.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, comprising a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module, and a heat dissipation module. The sludge cleaning module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to detect whether there is sludge attached to the photovoltaic panel. It is used to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The alarm module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. It is used to issue an alarm. The heat dissipation module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to dissipate the heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0005] Through the setting of the sludge cleaning module, it is possible to monitor in real time whether there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Once sludge is found, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is cleaned immediately, effectively preventing the decrease in photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency caused by sludge accumulation, while reducing unnecessary energy waste and water resource consumption. The alarm module can sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and issue an alarm to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take timely measures to avoid serious dirt affecting the power generation efficiency. The alarm sound helps the operation and maintenance personnel to quickly locate and deal with the dirt problem. The heat dissipation module effectively dissipates heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel, keeps the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel moderate, avoids the decrease in power generation efficiency due to overheating, and thus extends the service life of the photovoltaic panel.

[0006] Furthermore, the sludge cleaning module includes a first microprocessor, a first input screen, a radiation brightness meter, and a high-pressure water gun. The first input screen is arranged inside the photovoltaic panel control room, and is used for the user to input the dark current value measured in advance and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board, and send it to the first microprocessor. The radiation brightness meter is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to detect the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel and send it to the first microprocessor. The first microprocessor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is connected to the first input screen and the radiation brightness meter for communication, and is used to calculate the reflectivity through the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board, and the known reflectivity value of the white reference board after receiving the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board. When the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the high-pressure water gun is started. The high-pressure water gun is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is connected to the water supply pipe.

[0007] The first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity of the photovoltaic panel surface by inputting the dark current value and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate through the first input screen, combined with the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel detected in real time by the radiation brightness meter. When the reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity, the first microprocessor automatically determines that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reducing manual intervention. Once it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the high-pressure water gun is immediately started to accurately clean the sludge, which helps to maintain the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface and improve the power generation efficiency, thereby avoiding unnecessary cleaning operations and achieving high efficiency and energy saving.

[0008] Furthermore, the calculation formula of reflectivity is:

[0009]

[0010] Where R is the reflectivity and B is the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 , B 0 is the dark current value, that is, the reverse DC current generated when there is no incident light, in μA. The white reference plate is a white plate that has been professionally calibrated and processed. It is used as a standard reference for reflectivity in the measurement. 1 The radiant brightness measured for the white reference plate is the radiant brightness of the light reflected from the surface of the white reference plate when a stable light source is used to illuminate the white reference plate. The unit is W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 , R 1 The reflectance value of the white reference plate is known.

[0011] When there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the reflectivity will decrease, which means that the power generation efficiency will be affected. When the calculated reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity value, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. This judgment is based on the principle of physical reflection, with high accuracy, and can detect sludge problems in a timely manner.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-pressure water gun is a rotating nozzle.

[0013] The rotating nozzle can rotate flexibly to cover a wider area, which helps to reduce cleaning dead corners and improve cleaning efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the alarm module includes a second microprocessor, an infrared sensor, a second input screen, and an alarm. The first microprocessor is used to send the reflectivity to the second microprocessor after calculating the reflectivity. The infrared sensor is used to emit infrared rays, sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measure the actual dirty area, and send it to the second microprocessor. The second input screen is set inside the photovoltaic panel control room, for the user to input the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance, and send it to the second microprocessor. The second microprocessor is set on the photovoltaic panel, and is connected to the infrared sensor, the first microprocessor, and the second input screen for communication. After receiving the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle, the cleaning index is calculated by the actual dirty area, the preset dirty area, and the high-pressure water gun angle. It is used to start the alarm when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index. It is used to start the high-pressure water gun when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity. The alarm is set on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the second microprocessor for issuing an alarm.

[0015] The infrared sensor emits infrared rays and senses the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measures the actual dirt area in real time, and provides accurate data for the calculation of the cleaning index. The second microprocessor receives the reflectivity data from the first microprocessor and the actual dirt area data of the infrared sensor, as well as the high-pressure water gun angle data input through the second input screen, and performs comprehensive calculations to obtain the cleaning index. The cleaning index is used as the cleaning standard for the surface of the photovoltaic panel. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the surface of the photovoltaic panel is seriously contaminated by mud and dirt, and the surface of the photovoltaic panel also needs to be cleaned. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity, it is automatically determined that the photovoltaic panel needs to be cleaned, and the alarm is activated to sound an alarm, and the high-pressure water gun is activated for cleaning to avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to dirt accumulation.

[0016] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the cleaning index is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, E is the cleaning index, S 1is the actual dirty area, in m 2 , S 0 is the preset dirty area, in m 2 , θ is the current high-pressure water gun angle, in degrees.

[0019] By comparing the actual dirty area with the preset dirty area and combining the angle of the high-pressure water gun, the cleaning index of the photovoltaic panel surface can be calculated. The higher the cleaning index, the higher the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the current cleaning of the photovoltaic panel is insufficient and there is still dirt on the surface, which needs to be cleaned.

[0020] Furthermore, the alarm is a buzzer alarm.

[0021] The buzzer alarm emits a buzzer alarm, and the instant feedback mechanism helps managers respond quickly and take necessary cleaning and maintenance measures. The buzzer is an intuitive and easy-to-understand alarm signal, which can also attract the attention of people around, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire photovoltaic power plant.

[0022] Furthermore, the heat dissipation module includes a third microprocessor, an air-cooled evaporator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a heat dissipation fan. The second microprocessor is used to send the actual dirty area and the preset dirty area to the third microprocessor after receiving the actual dirty area. The air-cooled evaporator is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel surface. The first temperature sensor is arranged on the air-cooled evaporator to measure the inlet temperature of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator and the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and send them to the third microprocessor. The second temperature sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to measure the external environment temperature and send it to the third microprocessor. The third microprocessor is connected to the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the second microprocessor in communication, and is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to calculate the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator through the inlet temperature of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the external environment temperature after receiving the inlet temperature of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the external environment temperature. It is used to start the heat dissipation fan only when the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency or the actual dirty area is larger than the preset dirty area. The cooling fan is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the third microprocessor for accelerating the air flow to dissipate the heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0023] When the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset value, it means that the air-cooled evaporator has low heat dissipation efficiency for the photovoltaic panel and cannot effectively dissipate heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel cannot be kept consistent, resulting in excessively high surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel and failure to work normally. When the actual dirty area is larger than the preset value, it means that there is a large area of ​​dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. After long-term accumulation, it will corrode the surface of the photovoltaic panel, damage its structure and performance, and cause local overheating. Before the dirty area spreads too much, it is necessary to accelerate the air flow through the cooling fan to effectively blow away the dirt and dissipate heat in time. The start-up of the cooling fan further accelerates the air flow, enhances the heat dissipation effect on the photovoltaic panel, ensures that the photovoltaic panel can still maintain stable operation when the temperature is too high, avoids damage to the internal battery caused by local overheating, and thus improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0024] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is:

[0025]

[0026] Where K is the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator. 1 T is the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. 0 is the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. T is the external ambient temperature, in °C.

[0027] High temperature will reduce the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, because as the temperature rises, the output voltage of the solar cell will decrease. Although the output current will increase, the overall output power will decrease. Through real-time detection of the air-cooled evaporator and the external temperature environment, the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator can be effectively calculated. The heat dissipation effect mainly depends on whether the heat can be dissipated from the inside of the air-cooled evaporator to the external environment in a timely and effective manner. If the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is low, it means that the heat accumulates inside the air-cooled evaporator and cannot be dissipated in time, resulting in poor heat dissipation.

[0028] Furthermore, the heat dissipation fan is an axial flow fan.

[0029] Axial fans directly generate airflow, accelerating the air flow on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby taking away heat and achieving a heat dissipation effect, which helps to reduce temperature gradients and improve the reliability and service life of the photovoltaic panel.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] 1. The present invention can monitor in real time whether there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel through the setting of the sludge cleaning module. Once sludge is found, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is cleaned immediately, effectively preventing the decrease in photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency caused by sludge accumulation, while reducing unnecessary energy waste and water resource consumption. The alarm module can sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and issue an alarm to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take timely measures to avoid serious dirt affecting the power generation efficiency. By issuing an alarm, it helps the operation and maintenance personnel to quickly locate and deal with the dirt problem. The heat dissipation module effectively dissipates heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel, keeps the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel moderate, avoids the decrease in power generation efficiency due to overheating, and thus extends the service life of the photovoltaic panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiments to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, including a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module, and a heat dissipation module. The sludge cleaning module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to detect whether there is sludge attached to the photovoltaic panel. It is used to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The alarm module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. It is used to issue an alarm. The heat dissipation module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to dissipate heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0035] Through the setting of the sludge cleaning module, it is possible to monitor in real time whether there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Once sludge is found, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is cleaned immediately, effectively preventing the decrease in photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency caused by sludge accumulation, while reducing unnecessary energy waste and water resource consumption. The alarm module can sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and issue an alarm to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take timely measures to avoid serious dirt affecting the power generation efficiency. The alarm sound helps the operation and maintenance personnel to quickly locate and deal with the dirt problem. The heat dissipation module effectively dissipates heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel, keeps the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel moderate, avoids the decrease in power generation efficiency due to overheating, and thus extends the service life of the photovoltaic panel.

[0036] The sludge cleaning module includes a first microprocessor, a first input screen, a radiation brightness meter, and a high-pressure water gun. The first input screen is arranged inside the photovoltaic panel control room, and is used for the user to input the dark current value measured in advance and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board, and send it to the first microprocessor. The radiation brightness meter is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to detect the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel and send it to the first microprocessor. The first microprocessor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is connected to the first input screen and the radiation brightness meter for communication, and is used to calculate the reflectivity through the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board, and the known reflectivity value of the white reference board after receiving the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board. When the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the high-pressure water gun is started. The high-pressure water gun is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is connected to the water supply pipe.

[0037] The first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity of the photovoltaic panel surface by inputting the dark current value and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate through the first input screen, combined with the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel detected in real time by the radiation brightness meter. When the reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity, the first microprocessor automatically determines that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reducing manual intervention. Once it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the high-pressure water gun is immediately started to accurately clean the sludge, which helps to maintain the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface and improve the power generation efficiency, thereby avoiding unnecessary cleaning operations and achieving high efficiency and energy saving.

[0038] The calculation formula for reflectivity is:

[0039]

[0040] Where R is the reflectivity and B is the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 , B 0 is the dark current value, that is, the reverse DC current generated when there is no incident light, in μA. The white reference plate is a white plate that has been professionally calibrated and processed. It is used as a standard reference for reflectivity in the measurement. 1 The radiant brightness measured for the white reference plate is the radiant brightness of the light reflected from the surface of the white reference plate when a stable light source is used to illuminate the white reference plate. The unit is W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 , R 1 The reflectance value of the white reference plate is known.

[0041] When there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the reflectivity will decrease, which means that the power generation efficiency will be affected. When the calculated reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity value, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. This judgment is based on the principle of physical reflection, with high accuracy, and can detect sludge problems in a timely manner.

[0042] The high-pressure water gun is a rotating nozzle.

[0043] The rotating nozzle can rotate flexibly to cover a wider area, which helps to reduce cleaning dead corners and improve cleaning efficiency.

[0044] The alarm module includes a second microprocessor, an infrared sensor, a second input screen, and an alarm. The first microprocessor is used to send the reflectivity to the second microprocessor after calculating the reflectivity. The infrared sensor is used to emit infrared rays, sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measure the actual dirty area, and send it to the second microprocessor. The second input screen is set inside the photovoltaic panel control room, for the user to input the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance, and send it to the second microprocessor. The second microprocessor is set on the photovoltaic panel, and is connected to the infrared sensor, the first microprocessor, and the second input screen for communication. After receiving the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle, the cleaning index is calculated by the actual dirty area, the preset dirty area, and the high-pressure water gun angle. It is used to start the alarm when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index. It is used to start the high-pressure water gun when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity. The alarm is set on the photovoltaic panel, electrically connected to the second microprocessor, and used to issue an alarm.

[0045] The infrared sensor emits infrared rays and senses the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measures the actual dirt area in real time, and provides accurate data for the calculation of the cleaning index. The second microprocessor receives the reflectivity data from the first microprocessor and the actual dirt area data of the infrared sensor, as well as the high-pressure water gun angle data input through the second input screen, and performs comprehensive calculations to obtain the cleaning index. The cleaning index is used as the cleaning standard for the surface of the photovoltaic panel. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the surface of the photovoltaic panel is seriously contaminated by mud and dirt, and the surface of the photovoltaic panel also needs to be cleaned. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity, it is automatically determined that the photovoltaic panel needs to be cleaned, and the alarm is activated to sound an alarm, and the high-pressure water gun is activated for cleaning to avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to dirt accumulation.

[0046] The calculation formula of the cleaning index is:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, E is the cleaning index, S 1 is the actual dirty area, in m2 , S 0 is the preset dirty area, in m 2 , θ is the current high-pressure water gun angle, in degrees.

[0049] By comparing the actual dirty area with the preset dirty area and combining the angle of the high-pressure water gun, the cleaning index of the photovoltaic panel surface can be calculated. The higher the cleaning index, the higher the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the current cleaning of the photovoltaic panel is insufficient and there is still dirt on the surface, which needs to be cleaned.

[0050] The alarm is a buzzer alarm.

[0051] The buzzer alarm emits a buzzer alarm, and the instant feedback mechanism helps managers respond quickly and take necessary cleaning and maintenance measures. The buzzer is an intuitive and easy-to-understand alarm signal, which can also attract the attention of people around, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire photovoltaic power plant.

[0052] The heat dissipation module includes a third microprocessor, an air-cooled evaporator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a heat dissipation fan. The second microprocessor is used to send the actual dirty area and the preset dirty area to the third microprocessor after receiving the actual dirty area. The air-cooled evaporator is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel surface. The first temperature sensor is arranged on the air-cooled evaporator to measure the inlet temperature of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator and the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and send them to the third microprocessor. The second temperature sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to measure the external environment temperature and send it to the third microprocessor. The third microprocessor is connected to the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the second microprocessor in communication, and is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to calculate the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator through the inlet temperature of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the external environment temperature after receiving the inlet temperature of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the external environment temperature. It is used to start the heat dissipation fan only when the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase area of ​​the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency or the actual dirty area is larger than the preset dirty area. The cooling fan is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the third microprocessor for accelerating the air flow to dissipate the heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0053] When the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset value, it means that the air-cooled evaporator has low heat dissipation efficiency for the photovoltaic panel and cannot effectively dissipate heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel cannot be kept consistent, resulting in excessively high surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel and failure to work normally. When the actual dirty area is larger than the preset value, it means that there is a large area of ​​dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. After long-term accumulation, it will corrode the surface of the photovoltaic panel, damage its structure and performance, and cause local overheating. Before the dirty area spreads too much, it is necessary to accelerate the air flow through the cooling fan to effectively blow away the dirt and dissipate heat in time. The start-up of the cooling fan further accelerates the air flow, enhances the heat dissipation effect on the photovoltaic panel, ensures that the photovoltaic panel can still maintain stable operation when the temperature is too high, avoids damage to the internal battery caused by local overheating, and thus improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0054] The calculation formula for the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is:

[0055]

[0056] Where K is the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator. 1 T is the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. 0 is the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. T is the external ambient temperature, in °C.

[0057] High temperature will reduce the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, because as the temperature rises, the output voltage of the solar cell will decrease. Although the output current will increase, the overall output power will decrease. Through real-time detection of the air-cooled evaporator and the external temperature environment, the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator can be effectively calculated. The heat dissipation effect mainly depends on whether the heat can be dissipated from the inside of the air-cooled evaporator to the external environment in a timely and effective manner. If the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is low, it means that the heat accumulates inside the air-cooled evaporator and cannot be dissipated in time, resulting in poor heat dissipation.

[0058] The cooling fan is an axial flow fan.

[0059] Axial fans directly generate airflow, accelerating the air flow on the surface of photovoltaic panels, thereby taking away heat and achieving heat dissipation effects, which helps to reduce temperature gradients and improve the reliability and service life of photovoltaic panels.

[0060] For example, in a photovoltaic power station,

[0061] The manager enters the dark current value measured in advance and the radiant brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board on the first input screen in the photovoltaic panel control room. The radiant brightness meter is on the photovoltaic panel, and detects the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel on the surface of the photovoltaic panel in real time, and sends the data to the first microprocessor. After the first microprocessor receives the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value and the radiant brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board, it calculates the reflectivity through the formula. For example, when the sun is directly shining, the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel on the surface of the photovoltaic panel is about 1000W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 The dark current value measured in advance is 0.1μA, and the radiant brightness measured for the white reference board is 1200W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 The white reference plate has a known reflectivity value of 95%, and the calculated reflectivity is about 79%, which is less than the preset reflectivity of 90%. The reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity. When the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity value, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the first microprocessor starts the high-pressure water gun. The high-pressure water gun obtains water from the water supply pipe to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0062] After the first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity, it sends the reflectivity to the second microprocessor. The infrared sensor emits infrared rays to sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and measures the actual dirty area, and sends the actual dirty area to the second microprocessor. The manager enters the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance on the second input screen and sends it to the second microprocessor. After the second microprocessor receives the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle, it calculates the cleaning index through the formula. For example, the surface area of ​​a photovoltaic panel is 1m 2 The surface is covered with sludge, and the actual dirty area is 0.3m 2 , preset dirty area, set to 0.25m 2 , the pre-measured high-pressure water gun angle is 45 degrees, and the calculated cleaning index is 0.15, which is less than the preset cleaning index of 0.5. When the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index, the alarm is activated and sounds to remind the management staff that the surface of the photovoltaic panel is seriously contaminated by dirt and needs to be cleaned. When the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, the high-pressure water gun is activated to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0063] When the second microprocessor receives the actual dirty area, it sends the actual dirty area to the third microprocessor. The first temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator and the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and sends the data to the third microprocessor. The second temperature sensor measures the ambient temperature and sends the data to the third microprocessor. When the third microprocessor receives the temperature data, the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is calculated by the formula. For example, the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the evaporator is 20°C, the outlet temperature of the evaporator is 15°C, and the ambient temperature is 10°C. The heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the evaporator is calculated to be 50%, which is less than the preset heat transfer efficiency of 75%. The heat transfer efficiency is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency. When the heat transfer efficiency is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency, the photovoltaic panel cannot dissipate heat in time due to the air-cooled evaporator. The surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel is too high and cannot work normally. At this time, the third microprocessor starts the cooling fan, and the cooling fan accelerates the air flow to dissipate heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to ensure that the photovoltaic panel can maintain an appropriate temperature. When the actual dirty area is larger than the preset dirty area, it means that there is a large area of ​​dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. At this time, the cooling fan is started to accelerate the air flow, effectively blow away the dirt and prevent the dirty area from further spreading, causing local overheating of the photovoltaic panel and damage to the internal batteries, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0064] The above embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work shall all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that: Including sludge cleaning module, alarm module and heat dissipation module; The sludge cleaning module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is used to detect whether there is sludge attached to the photovoltaic panel and to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The alarm module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is used to sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and to send out an alarm; The heat dissipation module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is used for dissipating heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

2. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that : The sludge cleaning module includes a first microprocessor, a first input screen, a radiometer, and a high-pressure water gun; The first input screen is arranged inside the photovoltaic panel control room, and is used for the management personnel to input the dark current value measured in advance and the radiation brightness measured on the white reference board, and send it to the first microprocessor; The radiometer is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is used to detect the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel and send it to the first microprocessor; The first microprocessor is disposed on the photovoltaic panel, and is in communication connection with the first input screen and the radiometer, and is used to calculate the reflectivity through the photovoltaic panel radiation brightness, the dark current value, the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board, and the known reflectivity value of the white reference board after receiving the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiation brightness obtained by measuring the white reference board; When the reflectivity is less than a preset reflectivity, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel and the high-pressure water gun is activated; The high-pressure water gun is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is connected with the water supply pipe.

3. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 2, characterized in that :The calculation formula of reflectivity is: Where R is the reflectivity and B is the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 , B0 is the dark current value, in μA, B1 is the radiant brightness measured on the white reference board, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 ·nm -1 , R1 is the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate.

4. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 2, characterized in that :The high-pressure water gun is a rotating nozzle.

5. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 2, characterized in that : The alarm module includes a second microprocessor, an infrared sensor, a second input screen, and an alarm; The first microprocessor is used to send the reflectivity to the second microprocessor after calculating the reflectivity; The infrared sensor is used to emit infrared rays, sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measure the actual dirt area, and send it to the second microprocessor; The second input screen is arranged inside the photovoltaic panel control room, and is used for the management personnel to input the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance, and send it to the second microprocessor; The second microprocessor is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication connection with the infrared sensor, the first microprocessor, and the second input screen, and is used to calculate the cleaning index through the actual dirty area, the preset dirty area, and the high-pressure water gun angle after receiving the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle; Used to activate the alarm when the cleaning index is less than a preset cleaning index; Used to start the high-pressure water gun when the cleaning index is less than a preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than a preset reflectivity; The alarm is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the second microprocessor for issuing an alarm.

6. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that The calculation formula of the cleaning index is: Where E is the cleanliness index and S1 is the actual dirty area in m 2 , S0 is the preset dirty area, unit is m 2 , θ is the current high-pressure water gun angle, in degrees.

7. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that :The alarm is a buzzer alarm.

8. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that : The heat dissipation module includes a third microprocessor, an air-cooled evaporator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a heat dissipation fan; The second microprocessor is used for sending the actual dirt area and the preset dirt area to the third microprocessor after receiving the actual dirt area; The air-cooled evaporator is arranged on the photovoltaic panel to reduce the temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The first temperature sensor is arranged on the air-cooled evaporator, and is used to measure the inlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator and the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and send the temperature to the third microprocessor; The second temperature sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is used to measure the external environment temperature and send it to the third microprocessor; The third microprocessor is communicatively connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the second microprocessor, and is disposed on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to calculate the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator through the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the external ambient temperature after receiving the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the external ambient temperature; and is used to start the cooling fan only when the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency or the actual dirty area is larger than the preset dirty area; The heat dissipation fan is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the third microprocessor to accelerate the air flow and dissipate heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

9. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 8, characterized in that The calculation formula for the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is: Among them, K is the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator; T1 is the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C; T0 is the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C; T is the external ambient temperature, in °C.

10. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 8, characterized in that :The cooling fan is an axial flow fan.

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