An intelligent photovoltaic module cleaning system for photovoltaic power stations

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and discloses an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that it includes a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module, and a heat dissipation module. The sludge cleaning module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to detect whether there is sludge attached to the photovoltaic panel, and is used to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The alarm module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and is used to issue an alarm. The heat dissipation module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, and is used to dissipate heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The present invention is provided with a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module, and a heat dissipation module. When sludge is detected on the photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel is cleaned, an alarm is issued, and the heat is dissipated from the photovoltaic panel at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for renewable energy, the construction and maintenance of photovoltaic power stations, as a key form of solar power generation, are becoming increasingly important. However, during the long-term operation of photovoltaic power stations, dirt such as dust, bird droppings, and leaves often accumulate on the surfaces of photovoltaic panels. This dirt blocks sunlight, reducing the panels' light absorption efficiency, thereby affecting the power generation and economic benefits of the photovoltaic power station. Furthermore, when photovoltaic panels operate under prolonged sunlight and high temperatures, heat accumulation occurs if they are unable to dissipate heat in a timely manner, further reducing power generation efficiency and service life. Furthermore, traditional manual cleaning methods often fail to clean in a timely manner or are too frequent, resulting in wasted water resources. Therefore, an intelligent photovoltaic panel cleaning system for photovoltaic power stations was proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to clean the photovoltaic panels and issue an alarm while dissipating heat from the photovoltaic panels when sludge is detected on the panels, and provides an intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for photovoltaic power stations.

[0004] The present invention solves the technical problem by employing a technical solution: an intelligent photovoltaic panel cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, comprising a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module, and a heat dissipation module. The sludge cleaning module is mounted on the photovoltaic panel and detects whether sludge is attached to the panel. It is used to clean the panel surface. The alarm module is mounted on the panel and detects the distribution of dirt on the panel surface and issues an alarm. The heat dissipation module is mounted on the panel and dissipates heat from the panel surface.

[0005] The sludge cleaning module monitors the surface of the photovoltaic panels in real time for sludge buildup. Once sludge is detected, the panels are immediately cleaned, effectively preventing sludge accumulation and the resulting decrease in panel efficiency while also reducing unnecessary energy and water consumption. The alarm module detects the distribution of dirt on the panel surface and issues an alarm, alerting operators to take immediate action to prevent severe contamination from impacting power generation efficiency. This audible alarm helps operators quickly locate and address any contamination issues. The heat dissipation module effectively dissipates heat from the panel surface, maintaining a moderate surface temperature and preventing overheating that could reduce power generation efficiency, thereby extending the panel's service life.

[0006] Furthermore, the sludge cleaning module includes a first microprocessor, a first input screen, a radiometric meter, and a high-pressure water gun. The first input screen is provided inside the photovoltaic panel control room and is used for the user to input the dark current value measured in advance and the radiometric brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, and to send the input data to the first microprocessor. The radiometric meter is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is used to detect the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel and to send the input data to the first microprocessor. The first microprocessor is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication with the first input screen and the radiometric meter. After receiving the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiometric brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, the first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity based on the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, the radiometric brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, and the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate. When the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel and the high-pressure water gun is activated. The high-pressure water gun is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is connected to the water supply pipe.

[0007] The first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity of the panel surface by inputting the dark current value and the radiance measured against a white reference panel via the first input screen. Combined with the real-time radiance of the panel detected by the radiometer, the first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity of the panel surface. If the reflectivity falls below a preset value, the first microprocessor automatically determines that sludge is attached to the panel surface, minimizing manual intervention. Once sludge is detected, the high-pressure water jet activates immediately to precisely clean the sludge, helping to maintain panel surface cleanliness and improve power generation efficiency, thereby avoiding unnecessary cleaning operations and achieving high energy savings.

[0008] Furthermore, the calculation formula of reflectivity is:

[0009]

[0010] Where R is the reflectivity and B is the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 B0 is the dark current value, that is, the reverse DC current generated when there is no incident light, and the unit is μA. The white reference plate is a white plate that has been professionally calibrated and processed. It serves as the standard reference for reflectivity in the measurement. B1 is the radiant brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, that is, the radiant brightness of the light reflected from the surface of the white reference plate when a stable light source is used to illuminate the white reference plate, and the unit is W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 , R1 is the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate.

[0011] When sludge adheres to the surface of a photovoltaic panel, its reflectivity decreases, affecting power generation efficiency. When the calculated reflectivity falls below a preset value, it is determined that sludge is present on the panel surface. This determination, based on the principles of physical reflection, is highly accurate and can detect sludge issues promptly.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-pressure water gun is a rotating nozzle.

[0013] The rotating nozzle can rotate flexibly to cover a wider area, which helps to reduce cleaning dead corners and improve cleaning efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the alarm module includes a second microprocessor, an infrared sensor, a second input screen, and an alarm. The first microprocessor is used to send the reflectivity to the second microprocessor after calculating the reflectivity. The infrared sensor is used to emit infrared rays, sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measure the actual dirty area, and send it to the second microprocessor. The second input screen is set inside the photovoltaic panel control room, for the user to input the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance and send it to the second microprocessor. The second microprocessor is set on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication with the infrared sensor, the first microprocessor, and the second input screen. After receiving the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle, it is used to calculate the cleaning index based on the actual dirty area, the preset dirty area, and the high-pressure water gun angle. It is used to activate the alarm when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index. It is used to activate the high-pressure water gun when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity. The alarm is set on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the second microprocessor to issue an alarm.

[0015] The infrared sensor emits infrared rays and senses the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measuring the actual dirt area in real time and providing accurate data for the calculation of the cleaning index. The second microprocessor receives the reflectivity data from the first microprocessor and the actual dirt area data of the infrared sensor, as well as the high-pressure water gun angle data input through the second input screen, and performs comprehensive calculations to obtain the cleaning index. The cleaning index serves as the cleaning standard for the surface of the photovoltaic panel. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the surface of the photovoltaic panel is seriously contaminated with mud and dirt, and the surface of the photovoltaic panel also needs to be cleaned. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity, it is automatically determined that the photovoltaic panel needs to be cleaned, and the alarm is activated to sound an alarm. At the same time, the high-pressure water gun is activated for cleaning to avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to dirt accumulation.

[0016] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the cleaning index is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, E is the cleanliness index, S1 is the actual dirty area, the unit is m2 , S0 is the preset dirty area, unit is m 2 , θ is the current high-pressure water gun angle, in degrees.

[0019] By comparing the actual dirty area with the preset dirty area and combining the angle of the high-pressure water gun, the cleaning index of the photovoltaic panel surface can be calculated. The higher the cleaning index, the higher the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the current cleaning of the photovoltaic panel is insufficient and there is still dirt on the surface, which needs to be cleaned.

[0020] Furthermore, the alarm is a buzzer alarm.

[0021] The buzzer alarm emits an audible alarm, providing immediate feedback that helps managers respond quickly and take necessary cleaning and maintenance measures. The beeping sound is an intuitive and easy-to-understand alarm signal that attracts the attention of nearby personnel, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire PV plant.

[0022] Furthermore, the heat dissipation module includes a third microprocessor, an air-cooled evaporator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a cooling fan. The second microprocessor is configured to, upon receiving the actual contaminated area, transmit the actual contaminated area and the preset contaminated area to the third microprocessor. The air-cooled evaporator is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is configured to reduce the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel. The first temperature sensor is disposed on the air-cooled evaporator and is configured to measure the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator and transmit these temperatures to the third microprocessor. The second temperature sensor is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is configured to measure the ambient temperature and transmit these temperatures to the third microprocessor. The third microprocessor is communicatively connected to the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the second microprocessor and is disposed on the photovoltaic panel. The third microprocessor is configured to, upon receiving the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator and the ambient temperature, calculate the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator based on these temperatures. The cooling fan is configured to be activated only when the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency or when the actual contaminated area is greater than the preset contaminated area. The cooling fan is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the third microprocessor for accelerating air flow to dissipate heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0023] When the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset value, it means that the air-cooled evaporator is inefficient in cooling the photovoltaic panel and cannot effectively dissipate heat from the panel surface. The panel surface temperature cannot be maintained uniformly, resulting in excessively high panel surface temperature and malfunction. When the actual dirt area is larger than the preset value, it means that a large area of ​​dirt exists on the photovoltaic panel surface. After long-term accumulation, it will corrode the surface of the photovoltaic panel, damage its structure and performance, and cause localized overheating. Before the dirt area spreads too far, it is necessary to accelerate air flow with a cooling fan to effectively blow away the dirt and dissipate heat in a timely manner. Activating the cooling fan further accelerates air flow, enhancing the heat dissipation effect on the photovoltaic panel, ensuring stable operation of the photovoltaic panel even when the temperature is too high, avoiding damage to the internal cells caused by localized overheating, and thus improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0024] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is:

[0025]

[0026] Where K is the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator. T1 is the inlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. T0 is the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. T is the ambient temperature, in °C.

[0027] High temperatures reduce the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels because the output voltage of the solar cell decreases as the temperature rises. While the output current increases, the overall output power decreases. By monitoring the air-cooled evaporator and the ambient temperature in real time, the heat transfer efficiency of the air-cooled evaporator's two-phase region can be effectively calculated. The effectiveness of heat dissipation depends primarily on the timely and effective dissipation of heat from the air-cooled evaporator to the external environment. Low heat transfer efficiency in the air-cooled evaporator's two-phase region means that heat accumulates within the air-cooled evaporator and cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, resulting in poor heat dissipation.

[0028] Furthermore, the heat dissipation fan is an axial flow fan.

[0029] Axial fans directly generate airflow, accelerating the air flow on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby taking away heat and achieving a heat dissipation effect, which helps to reduce temperature gradients and improve the reliability and service life of the photovoltaic panel.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] 1. The present invention can monitor in real time whether there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel through the setting of the sludge cleaning module. Once sludge is found, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is immediately cleaned, effectively preventing the decrease in photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency caused by sludge accumulation, while reducing unnecessary energy waste and water resource consumption. The alarm module can sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and issue an alarm to remind operation and maintenance personnel to take timely measures to avoid serious dirt affecting power generation efficiency. By issuing an alarm sound, operation and maintenance personnel can quickly locate and deal with dirt problems. The heat dissipation module effectively dissipates heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel, maintains a moderate surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel, avoids the decrease in power generation efficiency due to overheating, and thus extends the service life of the photovoltaic panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 The present invention solves the technical problem by employing a technical solution: an intelligent photovoltaic panel cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, comprising a sludge cleaning module, an alarm module, and a heat dissipation module. The sludge cleaning module is mounted on the photovoltaic panel and detects whether sludge is attached to the panel. It is used to clean the panel surface. The alarm module is mounted on the panel and detects the distribution of dirt on the panel surface. It is used to issue an alarm. The heat dissipation module is mounted on the panel and dissipates heat from the panel surface.

[0035] The sludge cleaning module monitors the surface of the photovoltaic panels in real time for sludge buildup. Once sludge is detected, the panels are immediately cleaned, effectively preventing sludge accumulation and the resulting decrease in panel efficiency while also reducing unnecessary energy and water consumption. The alarm module detects the distribution of dirt on the panel surface and issues an alarm, alerting operators to take immediate action to prevent severe contamination from impacting power generation efficiency. This audible alarm helps operators quickly locate and address any contamination issues. The heat dissipation module effectively dissipates heat from the panel surface, maintaining a moderate surface temperature and preventing overheating that could reduce power generation efficiency, thereby extending the panel's service life.

[0036] The sludge cleaning module includes a first microprocessor, a first input screen, a radiometer, and a high-pressure water gun. The first input screen is located inside the photovoltaic panel control room and is used for the user to input the pre-measured dark current value and the radiometric brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, and then send these values ​​to the first microprocessor. The radiometer is located on the photovoltaic panel and is used to detect the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel and send this value to the first microprocessor. The first microprocessor is located on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication with the first input screen and the radiometer. After receiving the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiometric brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, the first microprocessor is used to calculate the reflectivity based on the radiometric brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, the radiometric brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, and the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate. When the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel and the high-pressure water gun is activated. The high-pressure water gun is located on the photovoltaic panel and is connected to the water supply pipe.

[0037] The first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity of the panel surface by inputting the dark current value and the radiance measured against a white reference panel via the first input screen. Combined with the real-time radiance of the panel detected by the radiometer, the first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity of the panel surface. If the reflectivity falls below a preset value, the first microprocessor automatically determines that sludge is attached to the panel surface, minimizing manual intervention. Once sludge is detected, the high-pressure water jet activates immediately to precisely clean the sludge, helping to maintain panel surface cleanliness and improve power generation efficiency, thereby avoiding unnecessary cleaning operations and achieving high energy savings.

[0038] The formula for calculating reflectivity is:

[0039]

[0040] Where R is the reflectivity and B is the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 B0 is the dark current value, that is, the reverse DC current generated when there is no incident light, and the unit is μA. The white reference plate is a white plate that has been professionally calibrated and processed. It serves as the standard reference for reflectivity in the measurement. B1 is the radiant brightness obtained by measuring the white reference plate, that is, the radiant brightness of the light reflected from the surface of the white reference plate when a stable light source is used to illuminate the white reference plate, and the unit is W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 , R1 is the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate.

[0041] When sludge adheres to the surface of a photovoltaic panel, its reflectivity decreases, affecting power generation efficiency. When the calculated reflectivity falls below a preset value, it is determined that sludge is present on the panel surface. This determination, based on the principles of physical reflection, is highly accurate and can detect sludge issues promptly.

[0042] The high-pressure water gun is a rotating nozzle.

[0043] The rotating nozzle can rotate flexibly to cover a wider area, which helps to reduce cleaning dead corners and improve cleaning efficiency.

[0044] The alarm module includes a second microprocessor, an infrared sensor, a second input screen, and an alarm. The first microprocessor is used to send the reflectivity to the second microprocessor after calculating it. The infrared sensor is used to emit infrared rays to sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measure the actual dirty area, and send it to the second microprocessor. The second input screen is set inside the photovoltaic panel control room and is used for the user to input the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance and send it to the second microprocessor. The second microprocessor is set on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication with the infrared sensor, the first microprocessor, and the second input screen. After receiving the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle, it is used to calculate the cleaning index based on the actual dirty area, the preset dirty area, and the high-pressure water gun angle. It is used to activate the alarm when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index. It is used to activate the high-pressure water gun when the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity. The alarm is set on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the second microprocessor to issue an alarm.

[0045] The infrared sensor emits infrared rays and senses the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measuring the actual dirt area in real time and providing accurate data for the calculation of the cleaning index. The second microprocessor receives the reflectivity data from the first microprocessor and the actual dirt area data of the infrared sensor, as well as the high-pressure water gun angle data input through the second input screen, and performs comprehensive calculations to obtain the cleaning index. The cleaning index serves as the cleaning standard for the surface of the photovoltaic panel. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the surface of the photovoltaic panel is seriously contaminated with mud and dirt, and the surface of the photovoltaic panel also needs to be cleaned. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is lower than the preset reflectivity, it is automatically determined that the photovoltaic panel needs to be cleaned, and the alarm is activated to sound an alarm. At the same time, the high-pressure water gun is activated for cleaning to avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to dirt accumulation.

[0046] The calculation formula of the cleaning index is:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, E is the cleanliness index, S1 is the actual dirty area, the unit is m 2, S0 is the preset dirty area, unit is m 2 , θ is the current high-pressure water gun angle, in degrees.

[0049] By comparing the actual dirty area with the preset dirty area and combining the angle of the high-pressure water gun, the cleaning index of the photovoltaic panel surface can be calculated. The higher the cleaning index, the higher the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface. When the cleaning index is lower than the preset cleaning index, it means that the current cleaning of the photovoltaic panel is insufficient and there is still dirt on the surface, which needs to be cleaned.

[0050] The alarm is a buzzer alarm.

[0051] The buzzer alarm emits an audible alarm, providing immediate feedback that helps managers respond quickly and take necessary cleaning and maintenance measures. The beeping sound is an intuitive and easy-to-understand alarm signal that attracts the attention of nearby personnel, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire PV plant.

[0052] The heat dissipation module includes a third microprocessor, an air-cooled evaporator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a cooling fan. The second microprocessor is configured to, upon receiving the actual contaminated area, transmit the actual contaminated area and the preset contaminated area to the third microprocessor. The air-cooled evaporator is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is configured to reduce the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel. The first temperature sensor is disposed on the air-cooled evaporator and is configured to measure the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator and transmit these temperatures to the third microprocessor. The second temperature sensor is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is configured to measure the ambient temperature and transmit these temperatures to the third microprocessor. The third microprocessor is communicatively connected to the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the second microprocessor and is disposed on the photovoltaic panel. Upon receiving the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator and the ambient temperature, the third microprocessor is configured to calculate the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator based on these temperatures and the ambient temperature. The cooling fan is configured to be activated only when the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset heat transfer efficiency or when the actual contaminated area is greater than the preset contaminated area. The cooling fan is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the third microprocessor for accelerating air flow to dissipate heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0053] When the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than the preset value, it means that the air-cooled evaporator is inefficient in cooling the photovoltaic panel and cannot effectively dissipate heat from the panel surface. The panel surface temperature cannot be maintained uniformly, resulting in excessively high panel surface temperature and malfunction. When the actual dirt area is larger than the preset value, it means that a large area of ​​dirt exists on the photovoltaic panel surface. After long-term accumulation, it will corrode the surface of the photovoltaic panel, damage its structure and performance, and cause localized overheating. Before the dirt area spreads too far, it is necessary to accelerate air flow with a cooling fan to effectively blow away the dirt and dissipate heat in a timely manner. Activating the cooling fan further accelerates air flow, enhancing the heat dissipation effect on the photovoltaic panel, ensuring stable operation of the photovoltaic panel even when the temperature is too high, avoiding damage to the internal cells caused by localized overheating, and thus improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0054] The calculation formula for the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is:

[0055]

[0056] Where K is the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator. T1 is the inlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. T0 is the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, in °C. T is the ambient temperature, in °C.

[0057] High temperatures reduce the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels because the output voltage of the solar cell decreases as the temperature rises. While the output current increases, the overall output power decreases. By monitoring the air-cooled evaporator and the ambient temperature in real time, the heat transfer efficiency of the air-cooled evaporator's two-phase region can be effectively calculated. The effectiveness of heat dissipation depends primarily on the timely and effective dissipation of heat from the air-cooled evaporator to the external environment. Low heat transfer efficiency in the air-cooled evaporator's two-phase region means that heat accumulates within the air-cooled evaporator and cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, resulting in poor heat dissipation.

[0058] The cooling fan is an axial flow fan.

[0059] Axial fans directly generate airflow, accelerating the air flow on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby taking away heat and achieving a heat dissipation effect, which helps to reduce temperature gradients and improve the reliability and service life of the photovoltaic panel.

[0060] For example, in a photovoltaic power station,

[0061] The manager enters the pre-measured dark current value and the radiant brightness measured against a white reference panel on the first input screen in the photovoltaic panel control room. The radiant brightness meter on the photovoltaic panel detects the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel surface in real time and sends the data to the first microprocessor. After receiving the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiant brightness measured against the white reference panel, the first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity using a formula. For example, when the sun is directly overhead, the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel surface is approximately 1000W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 The dark current value measured in advance is 0.1μA, and the radiant brightness measured on the white reference board is 1200W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 The white reference plate has a known reflectivity of 95%, and the calculated reflectivity is approximately 79%, which is less than the preset reflectivity of 90%. When the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, it is determined that sludge is attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. At this time, the first microprocessor activates the high-pressure water gun. The high-pressure water gun draws water from the water supply pipe to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0062] After the first microprocessor calculates the reflectivity, it sends the reflectivity to the second microprocessor. The infrared sensor emits infrared rays to sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measures the actual dirty area, and sends the actual dirty area to the second microprocessor. The manager enters the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance on the second input screen and sends it to the second microprocessor. After the second microprocessor receives the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle, it calculates the cleaning index through the formula. For example, the surface area of ​​a photovoltaic panel is 1m 2 The surface is covered with sludge, and the actual dirty area is 0.3m 2 , preset dirty area, set to 0.25m 2 The pre-measured high-pressure water gun angle is 45 degrees, and the calculated cleaning index is 0.15, which is less than the preset cleaning index of 0.5. When the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index, the alarm is activated and sounds, alerting the management staff that the photovoltaic panel surface is severely contaminated with dirt and dirt and needs to be cleaned. If the cleaning index is less than the preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than the preset reflectivity, the high-pressure water gun is activated to clean the photovoltaic panel surface.

[0063] After receiving the actual dirty area, the second microprocessor sends it to the third microprocessor. The first temperature sensor measures the inlet and outlet temperatures of the air-cooled evaporator's two-phase zone and sends this data to the third microprocessor. The second temperature sensor measures the ambient temperature and sends this data to the third microprocessor. After receiving this temperature data, the third microprocessor calculates the heat transfer efficiency of the air-cooled evaporator's two-phase zone using a formula. For example, if the evaporator's two-phase zone inlet temperature is 20°C, the evaporator's outlet temperature is 15°C, and the ambient temperature is 10°C, the calculated heat transfer efficiency of the evaporator's two-phase zone is 50%, which is less than the preset heat transfer efficiency of 75%. When this heat transfer efficiency is lower than the preset value, the photovoltaic panel cannot dissipate heat promptly due to the air-cooled evaporator, resulting in excessively high surface temperatures and malfunctioning. At this point, the third microprocessor activates the cooling fan, which accelerates air flow and dissipates heat from the photovoltaic panel surface, ensuring that the panel maintains an appropriate temperature. When the actual dirt area is larger than the preset dirt area, it means that there is a large area of ​​dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. At this time, the cooling fan is started to accelerate the air flow, effectively blowing away the dirt to prevent the dirt area from further spreading and causing local overheating of the photovoltaic panel, causing damage to the internal batteries, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0064] The above embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent photovoltaic module cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station, characterized by: Including sludge cleaning module, alarm module, and heat dissipation module; The sludge cleaning module is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is used to detect whether there is sludge attached to the photovoltaic panel and to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The alarm module is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is used to sense the distribution of dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and to issue an alarm; The heat dissipation module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is used to dissipate heat from the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The sludge cleaning module includes a first microprocessor, a first input screen, a radiometer, and a high-pressure water gun; The first input screen is provided inside the photovoltaic panel control room, and is used for the management personnel to input the dark current value measured in advance and the radiant brightness obtained by measuring the white reference panel, and send them to the first microprocessor; The radiometer is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is used to detect the radiation brightness of the photovoltaic panel and send it to the first microprocessor; The first microprocessor is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication with the first input screen and the radiometer, and is configured to receive the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, and the radiant brightness measured against a white reference plate, and then calculate the reflectivity based on the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, the dark current value, the radiant brightness measured against the white reference plate, and the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate; When the reflectivity is lower than a preset reflectivity, it is determined that there is sludge attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel and the high-pressure water gun is activated; The high-pressure water gun is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is connected to the water supply pipe.

2. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that :The calculation formula of reflectivity is: , Where R is the reflectivity and B is the radiant brightness of the photovoltaic panel, in W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 , B0 is the dark current value, the unit is μA, B1 is the radiant brightness measured on the white reference plate, the unit is W·m -2 ·sr -1 nm -1 , R1 is the known reflectivity value of the white reference plate.

3. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that :The high-pressure water gun is a rotating nozzle.

4. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that : The alarm module includes a second microprocessor, an infrared sensor, a second input screen, and an alarm; The first microprocessor is configured to send the reflectivity to the second microprocessor after calculating the reflectivity; The infrared sensor is used to emit infrared rays to sense the dirt distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, measure the actual dirt area, and send the result to the second microprocessor; The second input screen is provided inside the photovoltaic panel control room, and is used for the management personnel to input the high-pressure water gun angle measured in advance and send it to the second microprocessor; The second microprocessor is disposed on the photovoltaic panel and is in communication with the infrared sensor, the first microprocessor, and the second input screen, and is configured to calculate a cleaning index based on the actual dirty area, the preset dirty area, and the high-pressure water gun angle after receiving the actual dirty area and the high-pressure water gun angle; Used to activate the alarm when the cleaning index is less than a preset cleaning index; for activating the high-pressure water gun when the cleaning index is less than a preset cleaning index or the reflectivity is less than a preset reflectivity; The alarm is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the second microprocessor for issuing an alarm.

5. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 4, characterized in that The calculation formula of the cleaning index is: ， Among them, E is the cleanliness index, S1 is the actual dirty area, the unit is m 2 , S0 is the preset dirty area, unit is m 2 , θ is the current high-pressure water gun angle, in degrees.

6. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that : The alarm is a buzzer alarm.

7. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 6, characterized in that : The heat dissipation module includes a third microprocessor, an air-cooled evaporator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a heat dissipation fan; The second microprocessor is configured to send the actual soiling area and the preset soiling area to the third microprocessor after receiving the actual soiling area; The air-cooled evaporator is provided on the photovoltaic panel and is used to reduce the temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The first temperature sensor is provided on the air-cooled evaporator, and is used to measure the inlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator and the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and send the temperature to the third microprocessor; The second temperature sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is used to measure the external ambient temperature and send it to the third microprocessor; The third microprocessor is communicatively connected to the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the second microprocessor, and is disposed on the photovoltaic panel. The third microprocessor is configured to calculate the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator based on the inlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the ambient temperature after receiving the inlet temperature of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator, the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, and the ambient temperature; and is configured to start the cooling fan only when the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase region of the air-cooled evaporator is lower than a preset heat transfer efficiency or the actual dirty area is larger than the preset dirty area. The heat dissipation fan is arranged on the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected to the third microprocessor, and is used to accelerate air flow and dissipate heat on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

8. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 7, characterized in that The calculation formula for the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator is: ， Among them, K is the heat transfer efficiency of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator; T1 is the inlet temperature of the two-phase zone of the air-cooled evaporator, unit is ℃; T0 is the outlet temperature of the air-cooled evaporator, unit is ℃; T is the external ambient temperature, unit is ℃.

9. The intelligent photovoltaic component cleaning system for a photovoltaic power station according to claim 8, characterized in that :The cooling fan is an axial flow fan.

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