Capillary type photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly and photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump device

Abstract

The invention provides a capillary tube type photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly. The capillary tube type photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly comprises a multi-layer plate structure and a capillary tube mat, the multi-layer plate structure comprises an upper-layer cover plate, a first adhesive film, a solar cell, a second adhesive film, a photovoltaic back plate, a third adhesive film, a heat absorbing plate and a fourth adhesive film which are stacked from top to bottom. The capillary tube mat is laid on the bottom face of the fourth adhesive film. The capillary tube type photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly is simple in structure, light in weight, low in cost, high in solar comprehensive conversion efficiency and high in power generation efficiency, the photovoltaic photo-thermal heat pump device can achieve efficient, stable and reliable electricity and heat cogeneration, meanwhile, the photovoltaic temperature can be reduced, the power generation efficiency can be improved, and the temperature and stability of heat output can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies, and particularly relates to a capillary photovoltaic-thermal component and a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump device. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing use of fossil energy, ecological and environmental problems occur frequently, which also trigger a global "energy crisis" mainly manifested by soaring energy prices. As one of the cheapest and most easily available renewable energies, solar energy has received more and more attention. The most common utilization forms of solar energy can be divided into two forms: photovoltaic and solar thermal. Among them, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic is about 20%-30%, and most of the solar radiation energy is dissipated in the form of heat, which not only causes energy waste, but also leads to an increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic cell and a decrease in the power generation efficiency. The heat collection efficiency of the solar collector is about 50%, and it also decreases as the working temperature of the plate surface increases.

[0003] At present, the commonly used forms of photovoltaic-thermal collectors are plate-tube type, blown type or box type, and the materials are metals such as copper, aluminum or stainless steel, etc. There are problems such as small heat exchange area, large weight, high cost and poor integration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a capillary photovoltaic-thermal component with a simple structure, light weight, low cost, high solar comprehensive conversion efficiency and high power generation efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a capillary photovoltaic-thermal component, comprising a multi-layer plate structure and a capillary mat;

[0006] The multi-layer plate structure includes an upper cover plate, a first adhesive film, a solar cell, a second adhesive film, a photovoltaic back plate, a third adhesive film, a heat absorption plate and a fourth adhesive film which are stacked from top to bottom;

[0007] The capillary mat is laid on the bottom surface of the fourth adhesive film.

[0008] In some embodiments, the capillary photovoltaic-thermal component further includes a frame, and the frame is encapsulated at the edge of the multi-layer plate structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the material of the frame is one of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, plastic or carbon fiber composite material.

[0010] In some embodiments, the material of the upper cover plate is one of ultra-white rolled glass, ultra-white float glass or ETFE.

[0011] In some embodiments, the adhesive films include the first adhesive film, the second adhesive film, the third adhesive film and the fourth adhesive film, and the material of the adhesive films is one of EVA, POE, EPE or PVB.

[0012] In some of the embodiments, the photoelectric conversion part of the solar cell is made of one of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide or perovskite.

[0013] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic backsheet is a fluorine-containing backsheet or a fluorine-free backsheet.

[0014] In some embodiments, the heat absorbing plate is a copper plate or an aluminum plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method comprises an inlet header, an outlet header and a plurality of capillary branches;

[0016] A plurality of capillary branches are arranged at intervals from each other, one end of each capillary branch is connected to the inlet header, and the other end of each capillary branch is connected to the outlet header.

[0017] A photovoltaic thermal heat pump device comprises the capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly; and further comprises a first pipeline, a throttle valve, a compressor and a medium box;

[0018] The first pipeline is connected between the medium output end and the medium input end of the capillary mat, the medium box is connected on the first pipeline, the compressor is arranged on the first pipeline between the medium box and the medium output end of the capillary mat, and the throttle valve is arranged on the first pipeline between the medium box and the medium input end of the capillary mat.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention integrates photovoltaic and photothermal energy, and has a high comprehensive conversion efficiency of solar energy. Compared with a single solar photovoltaic module or collector, the photovoltaic-photothermal integrated system comprehensively utilizes visible light power generation and residual band heat collection to achieve cogeneration of heat and power, and has a high comprehensive conversion efficiency of solar energy.

[0021] 2. The present invention has higher power generation efficiency than pure photovoltaic modules. The capillary photovoltaic thermal module acts as the evaporator of the heat pump system or exchanges heat with the evaporator of the heat pump, so that the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell is lower than the ambient temperature or close to the ambient temperature; while the working temperature of the pure photovoltaic module is much higher than the ambient temperature, so the capillary photovoltaic thermal module has a higher power generation efficiency and avoids safety problems caused by temperature rise.

[0022] 3. The present invention has a simple structure, light weight and low cost. The present invention uses a capillary as a collector of a photovoltaic thermal assembly. Compared with a traditional metal collector, it has low cost, light weight, simple manufacturing and is easier to integrate with a building. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly is manufactured by vacuum lamination, which has a simple process and a reliable structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly proposed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the photovoltaic thermal heat pump device in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the photovoltaic thermal heat pump device in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0026] Among them, the figure markings are: 1. capillary photovoltaic thermal component; 10. frame; 11. upper cover plate; 12. first adhesive film; 13. solar cell; 14. second adhesive film; 15. photovoltaic back plate; 16. third adhesive film; 17. heat absorption plate; 18. fourth adhesive film; 19. capillary mat; 191. inlet header; 192. capillary branch; 193. outlet header; 2. first pipeline; 3. throttle valve; 4. compressor; 5. medium box; 6. medium pump; 7. second pipeline; 8. evaporator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings and examples to describe in detail the implementation methods of this application, so that the application can fully understand how to use technical means to solve technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects and implement them accordingly. The embodiments of this application and the various features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] The present invention proposes a capillary photovoltaic thermal module to solve the above problems and defects. It is a photovoltaic thermal integrated module that is simple to manufacture, lightweight, low-cost and energy-efficient. The working fluid flows in the capillary mat 19 on the back (bottom) of the capillary photovoltaic thermal module to recover photovoltaic waste heat and achieve uniform temperature and efficient heat transfer.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] See also Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly, including a multi-layer board structure and a capillary mat 19;

[0031] The multilayer board structure is prepared by vacuum lamination, and the multilayer board structure includes an upper cover plate 11, a first adhesive film 12, a solar cell sheet 13, a second adhesive film 14, a photovoltaic back plate 15, a third adhesive film 15, a heat absorbing plate 17 and a fourth adhesive film 18 stacked from top to bottom;

[0032] The upper cover plate 11 is a glass cover plate or a coating. In some embodiments, the glass cover plate is made of ultra-clear rolled glass, ultra-clear float glass or ETFE. The upper cover plate 11 is used to protect the solar cell 13 from the influence of the external environment, such as wind, sand, rain, snow, hail, etc., and at the same time provide good light transmittance to ensure that sunlight can fully irradiate the solar cell 13. In addition, it also provides sufficient mechanical strength for the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 to ensure its stability under various climatic conditions;

[0033] The solar cell 13 is used to convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. It is the core component of the photovoltaic part of the capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly 1. Multiple cells are connected in series or in parallel through welding strips to form the required voltage and current. In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion part of the solar cell 13 is made of one of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide or perovskite.

[0034] The photovoltaic backsheet 15 is used to block the erosion of the solar cell 13 by air, water vapor and ultraviolet rays, and at the same time provide mechanical support for the solar cell 13 to ensure the stability of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1, and provide electrical insulation performance to ensure the safe operation of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1; in some embodiments, the photovoltaic backsheet 15 is a fluorine-containing backsheet or a fluorine-free backsheet;

[0035] The heat absorbing plate 17 is a component that absorbs solar radiation energy and transfers heat to the heat transfer medium. In some embodiments, the heat absorbing plate 17 is a copper plate or an aluminum plate to ensure good heat transfer performance and corrosion resistance.

[0036] The adhesive film includes a first adhesive film 12, a second adhesive film 14, a third adhesive film 15 and a fourth adhesive film 18. The adhesive film firmly bonds two adjacent layers in the multilayer board structure together to protect the solar cell 13 circuit from external environmental interference, such as moisture, dust, etc., while enhancing the light transmittance of the photovoltaic part of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic part; in some of the embodiments, the material of the adhesive film is one of EVA, POE, EPE or PVB.

[0037] The capillary mat 19 is laid on the bottom surface of the fourth adhesive film 18. In some embodiments, it includes an inlet header 191, an outlet header 193 and a plurality of capillary branches 192; the plurality of capillary branches 192 are arranged at intervals from each other, preferably the plurality of capillary branches 192 are parallel to each other; the diameter and wall thickness of the inlet header 191 and the outlet header 193 are both relatively large, the diameter and wall thickness of the capillary branches 192 are relatively small, the capillary branches 192 are densely arranged, and the spacing is 10-20 mm, and the color of the capillary mat 19 is black. The capillary branch 192 is a plastic pipe with an inner diameter greater than 4 mm and a wall thickness greater than 0.8 mm. The capillary branch 192 is densely arranged with a spacing of 10 mm-20 mm. The color of the capillary mat 19 is black. One end of the capillary branch 192 is connected to the inlet header 191, and the other end of the capillary branch 192 is connected to the outlet header 193. Preferably, the inlet header 191 and the outlet header 193 are arranged in parallel at both ends of a number of parallel capillary branch tubes 192. The inlet header 191 and the outlet header 193 are plastic pipes with an outer diameter greater than 20 mm and a wall thickness greater than 2 mm respectively; the capillary pressure energy needs to be greater than the maximum evaporation pressure of the system, and the temperature resistance range should be between -20°C and 100°C to adapt to the changes in the panel surface temperature under the working conditions throughout the year.

[0038] The selection of materials for each layer of the capillary photovoltaic thermal module must meet the requirements of thermal expansion coefficient, mechanical strength, insulation, fire resistance, etc., and be optimized according to the requirements of power generation and heat collection performance; the material and diameter of the capillary mat 19 should match the application scenario, environmental conditions and energy terminal requirements;

[0039] The capillary photovoltaic thermal component also includes a frame 10, which is encapsulated at the edge of the multilayer board structure. In some embodiments, the frame 10 is made of one of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, plastic or carbon fiber composite material. Through the encapsulation of the frame 10, the multilayer board structure can be tightly combined to form an integral structure, thereby enhancing the overall strength of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1. At the same time, the frame 10 can also effectively protect the internal structure of the multilayer board structure and prevent the multilayer board structure from being damaged by the external environment, such as impact, scratching, etc.

[0040] Using the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 alone to provide heat can easily increase the photovoltaic temperature and reduce the power generation efficiency, which has an adverse effect on its long-term stability and life. Therefore, by coupling the heat pump system, the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 is used as the evaporator of the heat pump cycle, or heat is exchanged with the evaporator of the heat pump device. On the one hand, the photovoltaic temperature can be reduced and the power generation efficiency can be improved; on the other hand, the photovoltaic thermal heat pump device improves the temperature and stability of the heat output, and the photovoltaic waste heat, as a low-temperature heat source, can increase the heat pump evaporation temperature, thereby improving the heat pump performance coefficient (COP). The capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 generates electricity to supply electrical equipment such as compressors and solenoid valves in the device, and the surplus electricity is connected to the grid. When the power generation is insufficient, electricity is taken from the power grid. The photovoltaic thermal heat pump device can be used in the field of household or industrial cogeneration. See Examples 2 and 3.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Based on Example 1, this example provides a photovoltaic heat pump device, see Figure 2 , including the capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly 1 in Example 1; also including a first pipeline 2, a throttle valve 3, a compressor 4 and a medium box 5; the compressor 4 is powered by the capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly 1;

[0043] The first pipeline 2 is connected and arranged between the medium output end and the medium input end of the capillary mat 19. The first pipeline 2 is a copper pipeline and is used for medium circulation. The medium box 5 is connected and arranged on the first pipeline 2. A compressor 4 is arranged on the first pipeline 2 between the medium box 5 and the medium output end of the capillary mat 19. A throttle valve 3 is arranged on the first pipeline 2 between the medium box 5 and the medium input end of the capillary mat 19 to form a medium circulation loop. The medium is a refrigerant. The refrigerant is used as a heat collecting working fluid and can be used as an evaporator of a heat pump cycle. The evaporation phase change of the refrigerant in the capillary mat 19 is used to take away the photovoltaic waste heat and effectively utilize it, so as to realize efficient and uniform temperature heat transfer, thereby realizing cogeneration of electricity and heat, photovoltaic power generation gain and energy efficiency improvement of the heat pump.

[0044] After the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 receives solar radiation, the generated power output is used to supply power equipment such as the compressor 4, and the surplus power is connected to the grid. When the power generation is insufficient, the power is taken from the grid to supply power equipment such as the compressor 4. At the same time, the liquid refrigerant undergoes an evaporation phase change in the capillary mat 19 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, absorbing the waste heat absorbed by the heat absorption plate 17 and the bottom surface of the solar cell 13. The low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the compressor 4 and is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant; then, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the medium box 5 to release heat and becomes a liquid refrigerant, and passes through the throttle valve 3 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then enters the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 to complete the cycle. Finally, the water temperature in the medium box 5 is heated to 50-60°C.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] Based on Example 1, this example provides a photovoltaic heat pump device, see Figure 3 , including the capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly 1 in Example 1; and also including a first pipeline 2, a throttle valve 3, a compressor 4, a medium box 5, and a water pump 6

[0047] The second pipeline 7 and the evaporator 8; the first pipeline 2 is a refrigerant circulation loop, and the second pipeline 7 is a water circulation loop or an antifreeze liquid circulation loop;

[0048] The first pipeline 2 is connected and arranged between the refrigerant side outlet and the refrigerant side inlet of the evaporator 8. The first pipeline 2 is a copper pipeline and is used for refrigerant circulation in this embodiment; the medium box 5 is connected and arranged on the first pipeline 2, and a compressor 4 is arranged on the first pipeline 2 between the medium box 5 and the refrigerant side outlet of the evaporator 8, and a throttle valve 3 is arranged on the first pipeline 2 between the medium box 5 and the refrigerant side inlet of the evaporator 8 to form a refrigerant circulation loop; the medium output end of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1, the water side inlet of the evaporator 8, the water side outlet of the evaporator 8 and the medium of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 A water circulation loop or an antifreeze circulation loop is formed between the input ends; the medium output end of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 is connected to the input end of the water pump 6, the output end of the water pump 6 is connected to the water side inlet of the evaporator 8, and the water side outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the medium input end of the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1; the refrigerant side outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the input end of the compressor 4, the output end of the compressor 4 is connected to the input end of the medium box 5, the output end of the medium box 5 is connected to the input end of the throttle valve 3, and the output end of the throttle valve 3 is connected to the refrigerant side inlet of the evaporator 8, thereby forming a refrigerant circulation loop.

[0049] After the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 receives solar radiation, the generated power output is used to supply power equipment such as the compressor 4 and the water pump 6. The surplus power is connected to the grid. When the power generation is insufficient, the power is taken from the grid to supply power equipment such as the compressor 4 and the water pump 6. At the same time, the water or antifreeze flows through the capillary mat 19, and the waste heat of the bottom surface of the solar cell 13 is absorbed by the heat absorbing plate 17, and then enters the water pump 6. After the pressure is increased, it enters the water side of the evaporator 8 and exchanges heat with the refrigerant. After the temperature of the water or antifreeze drops, it enters the capillary photovoltaic thermal component 1 again to absorb photovoltaic waste heat. After the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporator 8, it becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and enters the compressor 4, where it is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant; then, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the medium box 5 to release heat, becomes a liquid refrigerant, and passes through the throttle valve 3 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then enters the evaporator 8 to complete the cycle. Finally, the water temperature in the medium box 5 is heated to 50-60°C.

[0050] Using water / antifreeze as the heat collecting medium and indirectly exchanging heat with the evaporator of the heat pump cycle can ensure that the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules is low and uniform, and is expected to achieve cogeneration of electricity and heat, as well as photovoltaic power generation gain and energy efficiency improvement of the heat pump.

[0051] The application of capillary photovoltaic thermal components in photovoltaic thermal heat pump devices can achieve efficient, stable and reliable cogeneration of electricity and heat; and the capillary photovoltaic thermal components have a simple structure, light weight, low cost, and are easy to integrate with buildings, and are suitable for scenarios with cogeneration needs.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field do not deviate from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly, characterized in that: Includes multi-layer board structure and capillary mat; The multilayer board structure comprises an upper cover plate, a first adhesive film, a solar cell sheet, a second adhesive film, a photovoltaic back plate, a third adhesive film, a heat absorbing plate and a fourth adhesive film which are stacked from top to bottom; The capillary mat is laid on the bottom surface of the fourth adhesive film.

2. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capillary photovoltaic thermal component also includes a frame, and the frame is packaged at the edge of the multilayer board structure.

3. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame is made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, plastic or carbon fiber composite material.

4. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cover plate is made of one of ultra-clear rolled glass, ultra-clear float glass or ETFE.

5. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive films include the first adhesive film, the second adhesive film, the third adhesive film and the fourth adhesive film, and the material of the adhesive films is one of EVA, POE, EPE or PVB.

6. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion part of the solar cell is made of one of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide or perovskite.

7. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic back sheet is a fluorine-containing back sheet or a fluorine-free back sheet.

8. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat absorbing plate is a copper plate or an aluminum plate.

9. The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises an inlet header, an outlet header and a plurality of capillary branches; A plurality of capillary branches are arranged at intervals from each other, one end of each capillary branch is connected to the inlet header, and the other end of each capillary branch is connected to the outlet header.

10. A photovoltaic thermal heat pump device, characterized in that: The capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly comprises the capillary photovoltaic thermal assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9; and further comprises a first pipeline, a throttle valve, a compressor and a medium box; The first pipeline is connected between the medium output end and the medium input end of the capillary mat, the medium box is connected on the first pipeline, the compressor is arranged on the first pipeline between the medium box and the medium output end of the capillary mat, and the throttle valve is arranged on the first pipeline between the medium box and the medium input end of the capillary mat.

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