Hazardous waste harmless treatment device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a hazardous waste harmless treatment device and method, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device comprises a feeding unit, an incineration unit, a flue unit, an adsorption unit, a filtering unit and a spraying unit; the incineration unit comprises an incinerator arranged at the output end of the feeding unit, a filter plate arranged in the incinerator, a baffle arranged in the incinerator and on the filter plate, a smoke guide assembly arranged on the upper portion of the incinerator and an ignition assembly arranged on the baffle, and the output end of the ignition assembly faces the filter plate; the flue unit is arranged on the incinerator, and the output end of the flue unit penetrates through the feeding unit; the adsorption unit and the incinerator are arranged side by side, and the output end of the flue unit is located in the adsorption unit; the filtering unit is arranged on the adsorption unit. Heat generated by combustion is used for drying moisture in hazardous waste, and then waste heat is used for generating water vapor to cool flue gas and adsorb impurities in the flue gas at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection technologies, and particularly relates to a device and method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste. Background Art

[0002] According to the definition of hazardous waste in relevant laws of our country, it refers to solid waste that has one or more of the following hazardous characteristics: corrosivity, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, or infectivity; or that does not exclude having hazardous characteristics and may cause harmful effects on the environment or human health and needs to be managed as hazardous waste. Traditional solid waste treatment methods include landfilling, incineration, solidification, and chemical methods.

[0003] When incinerating industrial hazardous waste, the incineration effect is not good, it cannot be completely incinerated, and a large amount of dust particles, carbon dioxide, and irritating odor gases will be generated. If directly discharged into the air, it will affect the ecological environment and cause harm to people's lives and health. Traditional filtering methods cannot completely purify harmful gases, and air pollution will still be caused. In the prior art, before combustion, due to the presence of moisture in the hazardous waste, the combustion effect is not good. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems in the background art and propose a device and method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste that uses the heat generated by combustion to dry the moisture in the hazardous waste, and then uses the waste heat to generate water vapor to cool the flue gas while adsorbing impurities in the flue gas.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: A device for harmless treatment of hazardous waste includes,

[0006] A feeding unit;

[0007] An incineration unit, including an incinerator arranged at the output end of the feeding unit, a filter plate arranged in the incinerator, a baffle arranged in the incinerator and on the filter plate, a smoke guiding component arranged at the upper part of the incinerator, and an ignition component arranged on the baffle with the output end facing the filter plate;

[0008] A flue unit, arranged on the incinerator and with the output end penetrating through the feeding unit;

[0009] An adsorption unit, arranged side by side with the incinerator, and the output end of the flue unit is located inside the adsorption unit;

[0010] A filtering unit, arranged on the adsorption unit;

[0011] A spraying unit, arranged on the adsorption unit.

[0012] Preferably, the feeding unit includes a feeding hopper, a conveying pipe disposed on the adsorption unit and connected to the feeding hopper, a spiral conveying blade rotatably disposed in the conveying pipe, and a heating pipe disposed on the spiral conveying blade and rotatably connected to the conveying pipe; the flue unit is rotatably connected to the heating pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the feeding unit further includes a blanking hopper disposed at one end of the conveying pipe away from the feeding hopper and communicating with the incinerator; a driving unit for driving the heating pipe to rotate is disposed on the blanking hopper; a wind blade is disposed on the heating pipe; the wind blade is located at the blanking hopper.

[0014] Preferably, the driving unit includes a driving motor disposed on the blanking hopper, two pulleys, one disposed on the driving motor and the other disposed on the heating pipe, and a transmission belt disposed on the two pulleys.

[0015] Preferably, the smoke guiding assembly includes a guiding plate having a vertical side and an inclined side, a smoke blocking plate disposed obliquely and having an inverted L-shaped structure, and a first smoke guiding plate and a second smoke guiding plate disposed obliquely; the first smoke guiding plate and the second smoke guiding plate form a V-shaped structure, and the lower part of the first smoke guiding plate is located above the smoke blocking plate and higher than the bottom of the vertical side of the guiding plate; the included angle between the vertical side and the inclined side is an obtuse angle; the lower end of the smoke blocking plate is connected to the baffle and is disposed obliquely.

[0016] Preferably, the flue unit includes a conical cover disposed on the incinerator, a first connecting pipe disposed on the conical cover and rotatably connected to the heating pipe, a second connecting pipe rotatably connected to the other end of the heating pipe, a first conveying pipe disposed on the adsorption unit and connected to the second connecting pipe, a plurality of heat exchange pipes disposed in the adsorption unit and all connected to the first conveying pipe, a second conveying pipe disposed on the heat exchange pipes, and a nozzle disposed on the second conveying pipe and having an output end facing the upper part of the adsorption unit.

[0017] Preferably, the adsorption unit includes a water tank arranged side by side with the incinerator, an adsorption box disposed on the upper part of the water tank, a filtering rack disposed in the adsorption box, and filtering cotton disposed in the filtering rack; the heat exchange pipes are located in the water tank; the nozzle is located in the adsorption box.

[0018] Preferably, the filtering unit includes a smoke exhaust port disposed on the adsorption box and communicating with the inside of the adsorption box, and a filter element disposed on the smoke exhaust port and detachably connected to the smoke exhaust port.

[0019] Preferably, the spraying unit includes a water pump disposed on the water tank with its input end located inside the water tank, a water pipe connected to the output end of the water pump, a plurality of shunt pipes disposed inside the adsorption tank and connected to the water pipe, and a plurality of atomizing nozzles disposed on the shunt pipes.

[0020] A method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste, based on the hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 9, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Crushing the hazardous waste through a crusher and inputting the crushed hazardous waste into the feeding unit;

[0022] S2. The feeding unit conveys the hazardous waste into the incineration unit for incineration treatment;

[0023] S3. The high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration flows through the feeding unit through the flue gas unit and enters the adsorption unit;

[0024] S4. When the high-temperature flue gas flows through the feeding unit, drying the hazardous waste in the feeding unit;

[0025] S5. After the flue gas enters the adsorption unit, heating the water in the adsorption unit to cool and exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas, and at the same time causing the water to generate steam and flow upward;

[0026] S6. Pumping water through the spraying unit and spraying it out above the adsorption unit, and the flue gas unit spraying the flue gas into the adsorption unit from above;

[0027] S7. The steam and water mist simultaneously adsorb the dirt and impurities in the flue gas;

[0028] S8. Further adsorbing other impurities in the gas through the filtering unit and finally discharging it along with the smoke to achieve harmless treatment.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] In the present invention, the crushed hazardous waste is put into the feeding unit and conveyed into the incinerator through the feeding unit. The smoke baffle guides the hazardous waste so that the hazardous waste falls onto the filter plate. The ignition component sprays out flames to heat the hazardous waste and make it burn. The high-temperature flue gas generated during combustion diffuses upward. Most of it moves directly upward and is guided by the first smoke guide plate and the second smoke guide plate, so that the high-temperature flue gas enters the flue unit. While a small part moves over the smoke baffle and towards the guide plate, it will be blocked by the vertical edge of the guide plate, causing the high-temperature flue gas to move upward. Finally, it moves towards the flue unit along the inclined side of the guide plate and the first smoke guide plate. Since the temperature of the hazardous waste flowing into the heating pipe is lower than the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion, it is possible to prevent the flue gas from pouring into the conveying pipe. And by blowing air into the incinerator through the fan blades, it is possible to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from entering the feed hopper, so that the hazardous waste can smoothly fall onto the filter plate. The filter plate is inclined, which can facilitate the ashes after combustion to fall from the filter plate into the incinerator. Finally, the ashes are taken out from the incinerator, and the hazardous waste after combustion can be treated.

[0031] The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion will enter the heating pipe through the flue unit. The high-temperature flue gas is transferred to the spiral conveyor blade through the heating pipe, so that the spiral conveyor blade flips the hazardous waste while conveying the hazardous waste, making the hazardous waste heat more evenly. Thus, the hazardous waste can be dried. The dried hazardous waste can be burned more conveniently. The water vapor generated by evaporation will gather at the entrance of the incinerator, which can prevent the high-temperature flue gas from entering the conveying pipe.

[0032] The flue gas is shunted into multiple heat exchange pipes through the first conveying pipe. Heat exchange is carried out through the heat exchange pipes, so that the heat exchange pipes can heat the water in the water tank. The heated water generates steam, which can adsorb the impurities in the flue gas discharged into the adsorption box, making the flue gas cleaner. And during adsorption, evaporation heat absorption will occur to cool the flue gas, reducing the temperature of the final flue gas. Other impurities and odors in the flue gas are adsorbed by the filter element and finally discharged together with the water vapor for harmless treatment. The harmless treatment of hazardous waste is realized by burning hazardous waste.

[0033] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to be able to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the content of the specification, the following takes the preferred embodiments of the present invention and describes them in detail with the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation manners of the present invention are given in detail by the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a structural sectional view of an embodiment in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged structural diagram at position A in

[0038] Figure 4 is a partial structural diagram of an embodiment in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is a partial structural sectional view of an embodiment in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged structural diagram at position A in

[0041] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the adsorption unit in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the flue unit in the present invention.

[0043] Reference numerals: 1, feeding unit; 101, feeding hopper; 102, conveying pipe; 103, spiral conveying blade; 104, heating pipe; 105, blanking hopper; 106, air blade; 2, incineration unit; 201, incinerator; 202, filter plate; 203, baffle; 204, smoke guiding assembly; 205, ignition assembly; 2041, guiding plate; 2042, smoke blocking plate; 2043, first smoke guiding plate; 2044, second smoke guiding plate; 3, flue unit; 301, conical cover; 302, first connecting pipe; 303, second connecting pipe; 304, first conveying pipe; 305, heat exchange pipe; 306, second conveying pipe; 307, spray head; 4, driving unit; 401, driving motor; 402, belt pulley; 403, transmission belt; 5, adsorption unit; 501, water tank; 502, adsorption box; 503, filtering rack; 504, filter cotton; 6, filtering unit; 601, smoke exhaust port; 602, filter element; 7, spraying unit; 701, water pump; 702, water pipe; 703, shunt pipe. Detailed embodiments

[0044] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following paragraphs, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise scales, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there can also be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "disposed on" another component, it can be directly disposed on the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] As Figure 1-8 shown, a hazardous waste harmless treatment device proposed by the present invention includes a feeding unit 1, an incineration unit 2, a flue unit 3, an adsorption unit 5, a filtering unit 6, and a spraying unit 7;

[0049] The incineration unit 2 includes an incinerator 201 provided at the output end of the feeding unit 1, a filter plate 202 provided in the incinerator 201, a baffle 203 provided in the incinerator 201 and on the filter plate 202, a smoke guiding assembly 204 provided at the upper part of the incinerator 201, and an ignition assembly 205 provided on the baffle 203 and with an output end facing the filter plate 202; the flue unit 3 is provided on the incinerator 201 and its output end penetrates through the feeding unit 1; the adsorption unit 5 is arranged side by side with the incinerator 201, and the output end of the flue unit 3 is located inside the adsorption unit 5; the filtering unit 6 is provided on the adsorption unit 5; the spraying unit 7 is provided on the adsorption unit 5.

[0050] The smoke guiding assembly 204 includes a guiding plate 2041 having a vertical side and an inclined side, a smoke baffle 2042 which is inclined and has an inverted L-shaped structure, and a first smoke guiding plate 2043 and a second smoke guiding plate 2044 which are inclined; the first smoke guiding plate 2043 and the second smoke guiding plate 2044 have a V-shaped structure, and the lower part of the first smoke guiding plate 2043 is located above the smoke baffle 2042 and higher than the bottom of the vertical side of the guiding plate 2041; the angle between the vertical side and the inclined side is an obtuse angle; the lower end of the smoke baffle 2042 is connected to the baffle 203 and is inclined.

[0051] In this embodiment, the crushed hazardous waste is put into the feeding unit 1 and conveyed into the incinerator 201 through the feeding unit 1. The smoke baffle 2042 guides the hazardous waste so that the hazardous waste falls onto the filter plate 202. The ignition assembly 205 sprays out flames to heat the hazardous waste to make it burn. The high-temperature flue gas generated during combustion diffuses and moves upward. Most of it moves directly upward and is guided by the first smoke guiding plate 2043 and the second smoke guiding plate 2044, so that the high-temperature flue gas enters the flue unit 3. A small part moves over the smoke baffle 2042 and moves towards the guiding plate 2041, and will be blocked by the vertical side of the guiding plate 2041, so that the high-temperature flue gas moves upward, and finally moves towards the flue unit 3 between the inclined side of the guiding plate 2041 and the first smoke guiding plate 2043. Since the temperature of the hazardous waste flowing into the heating pipe 104 is lower than the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion, it is possible to prevent the flue gas from pouring into the conveying pipe 102. And by blowing air into the incinerator 201 through the fan blade 106, it is possible to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from entering the feed hopper 101, so that the hazardous waste can smoothly fall onto the filter plate 202. The filter plate 202 is inclined, which can facilitate the ashes after combustion to fall from the filter plate 202 into the incinerator 201, and finally take out the ashes from the incinerator 201, so as to treat the hazardous waste after combustion.

[0052] The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion will enter the heating pipe 104 through the flue unit 3. The high-temperature flue gas is transferred to the spiral conveying blade 103 through the heating pipe 104, so that the spiral conveying blade 103 flips the hazardous waste while conveying the hazardous waste, making the hazardous waste receive more uniform heat, so as to be able to dry the hazardous waste. The dried hazardous waste can be more conveniently burned, and the evaporated water vapor will gather at the entrance of the incinerator 201, which can prevent the high-temperature flue gas from entering the conveying pipe 102.

[0053] The flue gas is shunted into a plurality of heat exchange tubes 305 through the conveying pipe 304 and exchanges heat through the heat exchange tubes 305, enabling the heat exchange tubes 305 to heat the water in the water tank 501. The heated water generates steam, which can adsorb impurities in the flue gas discharged into the adsorption box 502, making the flue gas cleaner. During adsorption, evaporation heat absorption occurs, cooling the flue gas, reducing the temperature of the final flue gas. Other impurities and odors in the flue gas are adsorbed by the filter element 602 and finally discharged together with the water vapor for harmless treatment. The harmless treatment of hazardous waste is achieved by burning hazardous waste.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] As Figure 1-8 shown, a hazardous waste harmless treatment device proposed by the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the feeding unit 1 includes a feeding hopper 101, a conveying pipe 102 disposed on the adsorption unit 5 and connected to the feeding hopper 101, a spiral conveying blade 103 rotatably disposed in the conveying pipe 102, and a heating pipe 104 disposed on the spiral conveying blade 103 and rotatably connected to the conveying pipe 102; the flue duct unit 3 is rotatably connected to the heating pipe 104.

[0056] The feeding unit 1 further includes a blanking hopper 105 disposed at one end of the conveying pipe 102 away from the feeding hopper 101 and communicating with the incinerator 201; a driving unit 4 for driving the heating pipe 104 to rotate is disposed on the blanking hopper 105; a wind blade 106 is disposed on the heating pipe 104; the wind blade 106 is located at the blanking hopper 105; the blanking hopper 105 guides the hazardous waste entering the conveying pipe 102, enabling the hazardous waste to fall into the incinerator 201. Then, the rotation of the wind blade 106 can prevent the hazardous waste from blocking on the blanking hopper 105 and can blow in gas to prevent the flue gas from entering the conveying pipe 102 and can increase the air in the incinerator 201, making the combustion of the hazardous waste in the incinerator 201 more complete.

[0057] The driving unit 4 includes a driving motor 401 disposed on the blanking hopper 105, a pulley 402 disposed on the driving motor 401 and another pulley 402 disposed on the heating pipe 104, and a transmission belt 403 disposed on the two pulleys 402; the driving motor 401 drives the pulley 402 to rotate, and the pulley 402 drives another pulley 402 to rotate through the transmission belt 403, thereby driving the heating pipe 104 to rotate. The heating pipe 104 drives the spiral conveying blade 103 to rotate, enabling the spiral conveying blade 103 to convey the hazardous waste.

[0058] The flue duct unit 3 includes a conical cover 301 provided on the incinerator 201, a first connecting pipe 302 provided on the conical cover 301 and rotatably connected to the heating pipe 104, a second connecting pipe 303 rotatably connected to the other end of the heating pipe 104, a first conveying pipe 304 provided on the adsorption unit 5 and connected to the second connecting pipe 303, a plurality of heat exchange pipes 305 all connected to the first conveying pipe 304 and located inside the adsorption unit 5, a second conveying pipe 306 provided on the heat exchange pipes 305, and a spray head 307 provided on the second conveying pipe 306 with its output end facing the upper part of the adsorption unit 5.

[0059] In this embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion enters the first connecting pipe 302 through the conical cover 301, and then enters the heating pipe 104 through the first connecting pipe 302. The heating pipe 104 transfers heat to the spiral conveying blade 103. The spiral conveying blade 103 cooperates with the heating pipe 104 to dry the hazardous waste entering the conveying pipe 102, so that the hazardous waste is dried while being conveyed. And using the spiral conveying blade 103 can turn the hazardous waste during conveying, so that the hazardous waste can be evenly heated, which can improve the drying effect. The flue gas generated during drying will enter the incinerator 201 together with the air. Since the hazardous waste has been dried, it can be easily ignited. There is flue gas entering at the hopper 105, so that most of the flue gas will directly be discharged through the flue duct unit 3, and a small part of the flue gas is also blown back into the incinerator 201 by the fan blade 106 and then discharged through the guidance of the conical cover 301, thus avoiding the reflux of the flue gas. It flows into the second connecting pipe 303 through the heating pipe 104, is shunted into a plurality of heat exchange pipes 305 through the first conveying pipe 304. The heat exchange pipes 305 are arranged in a snake shape in the water tank 501, so that the heat exchange area can be increased, the water can be effectively heated, and the high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchange pipes 305 can be cooled. The water generates steam after being heated. The steam moves upward to contact the flue gas discharged into the adsorption box 502, and water mist is generated through the spraying unit 7, so that the steam and the water mist together absorb the impurities in the flue gas. When absorbing the impurities in the flue gas, the evaporation absorbs heat, so that the flue gas is completely cooled, and finally is discharged from the adsorption box 502 together with the steam, realizing harmless treatment.

[0060] Embodiment III

[0061] As Figure 1-8As shown in the figure, a harmless treatment device for hazardous waste proposed by the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the adsorption unit 5 includes a water tank 501 arranged side by side with the incinerator 201, an adsorption box 502 arranged above the water tank 501, a filter rack 503 arranged inside the adsorption box 502, and filter cotton 504 arranged inside the filter rack 503; the heat exchange tube 305 is located inside the water tank 501; the spray head 307 is located inside the adsorption box 502.

[0062] The filtering unit 6 includes a smoke exhaust port 601 arranged on the adsorption box 502 and communicating with the inside of the adsorption box 502, and a filter element 602 arranged on the smoke exhaust port 601 and detachably connected to the smoke exhaust port 601. The filter element 602 is used to absorb other harmful substances in the flue gas, so that when it is discharged, it is in a water vapor state, thereby enabling harmless treatment of the hazardous waste after combustion.

[0063] The spraying unit 7 includes a water pump 701 arranged on the water tank 501 with its input end located inside the water tank 501, a water pipe 702 with its output end connected to the water pump 701, a plurality of shunt pipes 703 all arranged inside the adsorption box 502 and connected to the water pipe 702, and a plurality of atomizing spray heads arranged on the shunt pipes 703. The water pump 701 is used to pump out the water in the water tank 501 and transport it to the upper part of the adsorption box 502, and spray it out through the shunt pipes 703 and the atomizing spray heads, so as to form water mist floating in the adsorption box 502, thereby being able to adhere to the dirt in the flue gas, quickly adsorb the solid particles in the flue gas, and cooperate with the steam to effectively adsorb the impurities in the flue gas and improve the adsorption effect.

[0064] In this embodiment, a water injection pipe is arranged on the water tank 501, which can replenish the consumed water in real time. Cold water is injected into the water tank 501 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchange tube 305, thereby heating the water in the water tank 501 and cooling the flue gas in the heat exchange tube 305 at the same time, so that the water in the water tank 501 generates steam. The steam enters the adsorption box 502 through the filter rack 503 and the filter cotton 504, while the cooled flue gas is discharged into the adsorption box 502, and the remaining heat and impurities in the flue gas are absorbed by the steam and water mist in the adsorption box 502, so that the impurities fall onto the filter rack 503 and are filtered by the filter cotton 504, and the water flows back into the water tank 501 through the filter cotton 504, is heated to generate steam and is pumped out by the spraying unit 7 and sprayed into the water tank 501.

[0065] The water is heated by heat exchange first while the high-temperature flue gas is cooled. Then, steam is combined with the evaporation of water mist to absorb heat, cooling the flue gas discharged into the adsorption box 502, so that the temperature of the flue gas can be reduced. Thus, when the waste gas is discharged, the temperature is reduced and it is a moist gas, which is discharged together with part of the steam, achieving harmless treatment. The substances in the flue gas are adsorbed by the filter element 602, thus completing thorough harmless treatment. The impurities in the flue gas are absorbed by the water mist and steam, while the harmful substances in the gas are absorbed by the filter element 602, improving the purification effect.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] As Figure 1-8 shown, a method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste proposed by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0068] S1. The hazardous waste is crushed by a crusher and the crushed hazardous waste is input into the feeding unit 1;

[0069] S2. The feeding unit 1 transports the hazardous waste to the incineration unit 2 for incineration treatment;

[0070] S3. The high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration flows through the feeding unit 1 through the flue duct unit 3 and enters the adsorption unit 5;

[0071] S4. When the high-temperature flue gas flows through the feeding unit 1, the hazardous waste in the feeding unit 1 is dried;

[0072] S5. After the flue gas enters the adsorption unit 5, the water in the adsorption unit 5 is heated, thereby cooling and exchanging heat with the high-temperature flue gas, and at the same time causing the water to generate steam and flow upward;

[0073] S6. The water is pumped by the spraying unit 7 and sprayed out above the adsorption unit 5, and the flue duct unit 3 sprays the flue gas into the adsorption unit 5 from the upper part;

[0074] S7. The steam and water mist simultaneously adsorb the dirt and impurities in the flue gas;

[0075] S8. Then, other impurities in the gas are adsorbed by the filtering unit 6 and finally discharged with the smoke, achieving harmless treatment.

[0076] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention; any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification and as described above; however, any minor changes, modifications and equivalent variations made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention by using the technical content disclosed above are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hazardous waste harmless treatment device, characterized by: include, Feed unit (1); An incineration unit (2) comprises an incinerator (201) arranged at the output end of the feeding unit (1), a filter plate (202) arranged in the incinerator (201), a baffle (203) arranged in the incinerator (201) and arranged on the filter plate (202), a smoke guide assembly (204) arranged on the upper part of the incinerator (201), and an ignition assembly (205) arranged on the baffle (203) with the output end facing the filter plate (202); A flue unit (3) is arranged on the incinerator (201) and the output end thereof passes through the feed unit (1); An adsorption unit (5) is arranged side by side with the incinerator (201), and the output end of the flue unit (3) is located inside the adsorption unit (5); A filtering unit (6) is arranged on the adsorption unit (5); A spray unit (7) is arranged on the adsorption unit (5).

2. A hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding unit (1) comprises a feeding hopper (101), a conveying pipe (102) arranged on the adsorption unit (5) and connected to the feeding hopper (101), a spiral conveying blade (103) rotatably arranged in the conveying pipe (102), and a heating pipe (104) arranged on the spiral conveying blade (103) and rotatably connected to the conveying pipe (102); the flue unit (3) is rotatably connected to the heating pipe (104).

3. A hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding unit (1) further comprises a lower hopper (105) arranged at one end of the conveying pipe (102) away from the feeding hopper (101) and connected to the incinerator (201); the lower hopper (105) is provided with a driving unit (4) for driving the heating tube (104) to rotate; the heating tube (104) is provided with a fan blade (106); the fan blade (106) is located at the lower hopper (105).

4. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The driving unit (4) comprises a driving motor (401) arranged on the lower hopper (105), two pulleys (402), one of which is arranged on the driving motor (401) and the other is arranged on the heating tube (104), and a transmission belt (403) arranged on the two pulleys (402).

5. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The smoke guide assembly (204) comprises a guide plate (2041) having a vertical side and a bevel side, a smoke baffle (2042) arranged obliquely and in an inverted L-shaped structure, and a first smoke guide plate (2043) and a second smoke guide plate (2044) arranged obliquely; the first smoke guide plate (2043) and the second smoke guide plate (2044) are in an eight-shaped structure, and the lower part of the first smoke guide plate (2043) is located above the smoke baffle (2042) and higher than the bottom of the vertical side of the guide plate (2041); the included angle between the vertical side and the bevel side is an obtuse angle; the lower end of the smoke baffle (2042) is connected to the baffle (203) and is arranged obliquely.

6. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The flue unit (3) comprises a conical cover (301) arranged on the incinerator (201), a connecting pipe (302) arranged on the conical cover (301) and rotatably connected to the heating pipe (104), a connecting pipe (303) rotatably connected to the other end of the heating pipe (104), a delivery pipe (304) arranged on the adsorption unit (5) and connected to the connecting pipe (303), a plurality of heat exchange pipes (305) each connected to the delivery pipe (304) and located in the adsorption unit (5), a delivery pipe (306) arranged on the heat exchange pipe (305), and a nozzle (307) arranged on the delivery pipe (306) and with its output end facing the upper part of the adsorption unit (5).

7. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The adsorption unit (5) comprises a water pool (501) arranged side by side with the incinerator (201), an adsorption box (502) arranged on the upper part of the water pool (501), a filter frame (503) arranged in the adsorption box (502), and filter cotton (504) arranged in the filter frame (503); the heat exchange tube (305) is located in the water pool (501); and the nozzle (307) is located in the adsorption box (502).

8. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The filter unit (6) comprises a smoke exhaust port (601) arranged on the adsorption box (502) and connected to the interior of the adsorption box (502), and a filter element (602) arranged on the smoke exhaust port (601) and detachably connected to the smoke exhaust port (601).

9. The hazardous waste harmless treatment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spray unit (7) comprises a water pump (701) arranged on the water pool (501) and having its input end located in the water pool (501), a water pipe (702) having its output end connected to the water pump (701), a plurality of branch pipes (703) which are all arranged in the adsorption box (502) and connected to the water pipe (702), and a plurality of atomizing nozzles which are arranged on the branch pipes (703).

10. A method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste, based on the device for harmless treatment of hazardous waste according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, crushing hazardous waste through a crusher, and inputting the crushed hazardous waste into a feeding unit (1); S2, the feeding unit (1) transports the hazardous waste to the incineration unit (2) for incineration treatment; S3, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration flows through the flue unit (3) and the feed unit (1) into the adsorption unit (5); S4, when the high-temperature flue gas flows through the feeding unit (1), the hazardous waste in the feeding unit (1) is dried; S5, after the flue gas enters the adsorption unit (5), the water in the adsorption unit (5) is heated, thereby cooling the high-temperature flue gas for heat exchange, and at the same time, the water generates steam that flows upward; S6, water is pumped out through the spray unit (7) and sprayed on the upper part of the adsorption unit (5), and the flue unit (3) sprays the flue gas into the adsorption unit (5) from the upper part; S7. Steam and water mist simultaneously absorb dirt and impurities in the flue gas; S8. Other impurities in the gas are then adsorbed by the filter unit (6) and finally discharged with the smoke to achieve harmless treatment.

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