High-altitude photovoltaic module state management system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic module management, and discloses a high-altitude photovoltaic module state management system, which comprises a wireless sensor node, a transfer control device and a management device, the transfer control device is used for clustering the wireless sensor nodes, and each cluster comprises a cluster head node and member nodes; the member nodes are used for collecting monitoring data of the photovoltaic modules and transmitting the monitoring data to the cluster head nodes; the cluster head nodes are used for transmitting the monitoring data received from the member nodes to the transfer control device; the transfer control device is also used for forwarding the monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device; and the management device is used for monitoring the state of the photovoltaic module based on the monitoring data. According to the invention, the time interval between two adjacent clustering of the wireless sensor node can better adapt to the high-altitude temperature condition, and the monitoring cost can be saved while the monitoring effect is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module management, and particularly to a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system. Background Art

[0002] It is a common technology to use wireless sensor technology to monitor the status of photovoltaic modules and achieve the management of photovoltaic modules. Generally, at least one sensor node is set on each photovoltaic module, and then the sensor nodes form a wireless communication network through clustering or other means, and the wireless communication network is used to transmit data, so as to realize the status monitoring of a large range of photovoltaic modules. However, the existing clustering methods of wireless sensor nodes generally only consider the situation in low-altitude areas. The diurnal temperature difference in low-altitude areas is much lower than that in high-altitude areas. This leads to the fact that in high-altitude areas, if the low-altitude method is adopted and clustering is carried out based on a fixed cycle, it is easy to cause the battery power consumption speed to be too fast and the battery replacement frequency to be too high, resulting in an increase in monitoring costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to disclose a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system to solve the technical problems raised in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system, including wireless sensor nodes, a relay control device and a management device;

[0006] The relay control device is used to cluster the wireless sensor nodes, and each cluster includes a cluster head node and member nodes;

[0007] The member nodes are used to collect the monitoring data of the photovoltaic modules and transmit the monitoring data to the cluster head node;

[0008] The cluster head node is used to transmit the monitoring data received from the member nodes to the relay control device;

[0009] The relay control device is also used to forward the monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device;

[0010] The management device is used to monitor the status of the photovoltaic modules based on the monitoring data;

[0011] Among them, clustering the wireless sensor nodes includes:

[0012] Determine whether the validity period of the previous clustering has ended. If so, calculate the validity period of the next clustering based on the temperature. After the calculation of the clustering validity period is completed, cluster the wireless sensor nodes. After the clustering is completed, enter the next clustering cycle.

[0013] In the present invention, the monitoring data includes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module and the vibration frequency of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] In the present invention, monitoring the status of the photovoltaic module based on the monitoring data includes:

[0015] Judge whether the value of the monitoring data meets the preset warning conditions. If so, give a warning.

[0016] In the present invention, calculating the validity period of the next clustering based on the temperature includes:

[0017] The validity period of the first clustering is the set duration timlens;

[0018] The validity period timlen of the i-th clustering i The calculation formula is:

[0019]

[0020] i is greater than or equal to 2, elrf is the power change coefficient of the wireless sensor nodes in ui after the end of the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period, ui represents the set of wireless sensor nodes, elrm represents the maximum value of the power change amount of the wireless sensor nodes in the set ui after the end of the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period, dunf represents the forwarding quantity coefficient in the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period, dnum represents the maximum value of the quantity of the monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in the set ui during the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period, trsnum i-1 represents the average forwarding times of all the monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device during the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period, trsnuma represents the maximum value of the forwarding times of all the monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device during the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period; temp i-1 represents the temperature obtained by the relay control device at the end of the i-th clustering validity period, tempst represents the set temperature; η1, η2, η3, and η4 are respectively the weights of the power change amount, the weight of the forwarding quantity, the weight of the forwarding times, and the weight of the temperature.

[0021] In the present invention, the calculation formula of elrf is:

[0022]

[0023] nui represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes in ui, elr j,i-1is the power variation of wireless sensor node j after the expiration of the i - 1th clustering validity period;

[0024] elr j,i-1 = elr j,star - elr j,end

[0025] elr j,star is the remaining power of wireless sensor node j at the start of the i - 1th clustering validity period, elr j,end is the remaining power of wireless sensor node j at the end of the i - 1th clustering validity period.

[0026] In the present invention, the calculation formula of dunf is:

[0027]

[0028] dnu j,i-1 represents the number of monitoring data forwarded by wireless sensor node j during the i - 1th clustering validity period.

[0029] In the present invention, clustering the wireless sensor nodes includes:

[0030] Calculating the state comparison value of each wireless sensor node respectively;

[0031] Clustering the wireless sensor nodes based on the state comparison value.

[0032] In the present invention, clustering the wireless sensor nodes based on the state comparison value includes:

[0033] The first clustering:

[0034] Let ui represent the set of wireless sensor nodes, and obtain the wireless sensor node nod with the highest state comparison value in ui 1 ;

[0035] Take nod 1 as the cluster - head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in ui whose distance from nod 1 is less than the communication radius of nod 1 as member nodes, and obtain the cluster clust 1 ;

[0036] Delete the wireless sensor nodes in clust 1 from ui;

[0037] The h - th clustering:

[0038] Judge whether there are wireless sensor nodes in ui. If so, obtain the wireless sensor node nod with the highest state comparison value in ui h;If not, stop clustering;

[0039] Take nod h as the cluster head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in ui whose distance from nod h is less than the communication radius of nod h are taken as member nodes to obtain cluster clust h ;

[0040] Delete the wireless sensor nodes in clust h from ui;

[0041] h is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0042] In the present invention, after clustering is completed, the relay control device sends the members included in each cluster to the corresponding wireless sensor nodes.

[0043] In the present invention, the member nodes are also used to transmit the remaining power to the cluster head node;

[0044] The cluster head node is also used to transmit the remaining power received from the member nodes to the relay control device.

[0045] Beneficial effects:

[0046] In the process of using wireless sensor technology to monitor the state of high-altitude photovoltaic modules, by calculating the clustering validity period based on temperature, the time interval between two adjacent clusterings of wireless sensor nodes can be better adapted to the temperature conditions at high altitudes, which can effectively reduce the battery consumption speed of wireless sensor nodes and the battery replacement frequency while ensuring the monitoring effect, thereby saving more monitoring costs. Description of the drawings

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-altitude photovoltaic module state management system of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] As Figure 1 shown in an embodiment, the present invention provides a high-altitude photovoltaic module status management system, including wireless sensor nodes, a relay control device, and a management device;

[0051] The relay control device is used to cluster the wireless sensor nodes, and each cluster includes a cluster head node and member nodes;

[0052] The relay control device of the present invention can be set at the central position of the area where the wireless sensor nodes are located to reduce the number of data forwarding times when data is transmitted between each wireless sensor node and the relay control device;

[0053] The member nodes are used to collect the monitoring data of the photovoltaic modules and transmit the monitoring data to the cluster head nodes;

[0054] The member nodes can collect the monitoring data based on a fixed collection period, for example, once every 5 minutes;

[0055] The cluster head nodes are used to transmit the monitoring data received from the member nodes to the relay control device;

[0056] The relay control device is also used to forward the monitoring data received from the cluster head nodes to the management device;

[0057] The management device is used to monitor the status of the photovoltaic modules based on the monitoring data;

[0058] Among them, clustering the wireless sensor nodes includes:

[0059] Judging whether the validity period of the previous clustering has ended. If so, calculate the validity period of the next clustering based on the temperature. After the calculation of the clustering validity period is completed, cluster the wireless sensor nodes. After the clustering is completed, enter the next clustering cycle.

[0060] Compared with the clustering period at low altitudes, by introducing parameters of the type of temperature in the calculation of the clustering validity period in the present invention, the clustering validity period of the present invention can better match the characteristic of large temperature changes at high altitudes, which can reduce the power consumption speed while ensuring the effectiveness of monitoring, reduce the frequency of battery replacement, and save the monitoring cost. Because as long as the power of a wireless sensor node is exhausted, a battery replacement is required. Within a certain period of time, when the battery replacement frequency is higher, the labor cost of battery replacement is higher.

[0061] Furthermore, the cluster head node is also used to collect the monitoring data of the photovoltaic module and transmit the collected monitoring data of the photovoltaic module and the monitoring data received from the member nodes to the relay control device together.

[0062] In the present invention, the monitoring data includes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module and the vibration frequency of the photovoltaic module.

[0063] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic panel.

[0064] The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel usually directly affects the area and time of the photovoltaic panel receiving solar radiation. If the tilt angle is too small, the photovoltaic panel may not receive enough solar radiation in winter; if the tilt angle is too large, the radiation amount will decrease due to the too large solar altitude angle in summer. When the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel gradually increases from the horizontal (0°), the solar radiation amount received by it will also continuously increase until it reaches a maximum value, and then as the tilt angle continues to increase, the radiation amount gradually decreases. Therefore, by monitoring the tilt angle, when it is found that the difference between the tilt angle and the preset angle is too large, a warning is given, so that the maintenance personnel can adjust the tilt angle in time to ensure the power generation efficiency.

[0065] The vibration frequency can reflect the stability of the photovoltaic module. The lower the vibration frequency, the more stable it is. Therefore, based on the vibration frequency for monitoring, the state of the photovoltaic module can be managed from another direction to obtain better monitoring effects.

[0066] In the present invention, monitoring the state of the photovoltaic module based on the monitoring data includes:

[0067] Judging whether the value of the monitoring data meets the preset warning conditions. If so, a warning is given.

[0068] The warning threshold of the present invention is related to the data type. For example, for the tilt angle, meeting the preset warning conditions means that the tilt angle is greater than the set first angle (for example, 45°) or the tilt angle is less than the set second angle (for example, 20°).

[0069] For the vibration frequency, meeting the preset warning condition means that the vibration frequency is greater than the set frequency threshold (e.g., 20 Hz).

[0070] Furthermore, warnings can be sent via email or other means. After detecting monitoring data that meets the warning conditions, an email will be automatically generated and sent to the set email address, with information such as the corresponding photovoltaic module number and location attached to the email.

[0071] In the present invention, calculating the next cluster validity period based on temperature includes:

[0072] The validity period of the first cluster is the set duration timlens;

[0073] The validity period timlen of the i-th cluster i The calculation formula is:

[0074]

[0075] When i is greater than or equal to 2, elrf is the power change coefficient of the wireless sensor nodes in ui after the end of the (i - 1)-th cluster validity period, ui represents the set of wireless sensor nodes, elrm represents the maximum value of the power change amount of the wireless sensor nodes in the set ui after the end of the (i - 1)-th cluster validity period, dunf represents the forwarding quantity coefficient in the (i - 1)-th cluster validity period, dnum represents the maximum value of the quantity of the monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in the set ui during the (i - 1)-th cluster validity period, trsnum i-1 represents the average number of forwarding times of all the monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device during the (i - 1)-th cluster validity period, trsnuma represents the maximum value of the number of forwarding times of all the monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device during the (i - 1)-th cluster validity period; temp i-1 represents the temperature obtained by the relay control device at the end of the i-th cluster validity period, tempst represents the set temperature; η1, η2, η3, and η4 are respectively the weights of the power change amount, the forwarding quantity, the forwarding times, and the temperature.

[0076] During the calculation of the cluster validity period, the data involved in the calculation not only includes parameters related to power changes, but also includes parameters such as the number of data forwards, the cumulative forwarding times of monitoring data during transmission, and temperature. This enables the calculation of the cluster validity period from multiple different directions, making the calculated cluster validity period more adaptable to the working conditions with large day-night temperature differences at high altitudes. During the day when the temperature is high and the photovoltaic modules are working, a smaller cluster validity period is used to ensure the effectiveness of monitoring. At night when the temperature is low, a larger cluster validity period is used to reduce the cluster interval, thereby reducing the power consumption of wireless sensor nodes for clustering. Additionally, by calculating aspects such as the degree of uniformity of power change, the degree of uniformity of data forwarding volume, and the average value of forwarding times, when the power change is more uneven, the data forwarding volume is more uneven, and the average value of forwarding times is larger, a smaller cluster validity period can be achieved to further balance the power consumption speed of each wireless sensor node, extending the effective working time of the wireless sensor nodes.

[0077] Furthermore, the set duration can be 2 hours.

[0078] Furthermore, member nodes need to forward the collected monitoring data to the cluster head node, and the cluster head node needs to directly forward the monitoring data to the relay control device or another cluster head node. Therefore, member nodes and cluster head nodes can, while forwarding the monitoring data, transmit the number of monitoring data forwarded within the current cluster validity period along with the monitoring data.

[0079] Furthermore, transmitting the monitoring data received from member nodes to the relay control device includes:

[0080] The cluster head node determines whether the relay control device is within its communication range. If so, it transmits the monitoring data to be forwarded to the relay control device. If not, it transmits the monitoring data to be forwarded to another cluster head node closer to the relay control device, and realizes the remote transmission of the monitoring data through the mutual forwarding between cluster head nodes.

[0081] Furthermore, the set temperature is 60°.

[0082] Furthermore, the weights of power change amount, forwarding quantity, forwarding times, and temperature can be 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4 respectively.

[0083] In the present invention, the calculation formula of elrf is:

[0084]

[0085] nui represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes in ui, elr j,i-1 is the change in the power of wireless sensor node j after the expiration of the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period;

[0086] elr j,i-1 = elr j,star - elr j,end

[0087] elr j,star is the remaining power of wireless sensor node j at the start of the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period, elr j,end is the remaining power of wireless sensor node j at the end of the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period.

[0088] Furthermore, at the end of the clustering validity period, the member node transmits the end time of the clustering validity period and the temperature at the location where the member node is located to the cluster head node, and the cluster head node transmits the obtained temperature to the relay control device. The cluster head node not only transmits the temperature from the member node to the relay control device, but also transmits the temperature at the location where the cluster head node is located to the relay control device.

[0089] In the present invention, the calculation formula of dunf is:

[0090]

[0091] dnu j,i-1 represents the number of monitoring data forwarded by wireless sensor node j during the (i - 1)-th clustering validity period.

[0092] Each time the monitoring data is forwarded, the value of the variable used to record the forwarding times is incremented by 1 in the header of the data packet. In this way, when the relay control device receives the monitoring data, it can know how many times the monitoring data has been forwarded in total.

[0093] In the present invention, clustering the wireless sensor nodes includes:

[0094] Calculating the state comparison value of each wireless sensor node;

[0095] Clustering the wireless sensor nodes based on the state comparison value.

[0096] By calculating the state comparison value, wireless sensor nodes with better conditions can be selected more preferentially as cluster head nodes, and at the same time, the power consumption speed can be balanced.

[0097] Further, the calculation formula of the state comparison value is:

[0098]

[0099] stacmpz is the state comparison value of the wireless sensor node z, elf z is the remaining power of the wireless sensor node z, elf full is the power when the battery of the wireless sensor node z is fully charged, nunlin z is the number of wireless sensor nodes that meet the screening rules, temp z represents the temperature at the location of the wireless sensor node z; λ1, λ2, and λ3 are the weights in the power direction, the number direction, and the temperature direction, respectively.

[0100] When calculating the state comparison value, the present invention not only considers the conventional power situation, but also considers the temperature and specific screening rules. Therefore, the greater the advantages in the three directions of the remaining power of the wireless sensor node, the number of wireless sensor nodes that meet the screening rules, and the temperature at the location, the greater the state comparison value. By adding a parameter of this type of temperature in the calculation process of the state comparison value, the clustering process can be made more in line with the temperature change situation at high altitudes, and a more accurate and effective comprehensive state situation can be obtained to ensure the effectiveness of the selection of the cluster head node.

[0101] Furthermore, the weights in the power direction, the number direction, and the temperature direction can be 0.2, 0.4, and 0.4, respectively.

[0102] Furthermore, the process of obtaining the number of wireless sensor nodes that meet the screening rules includes:

[0103] Mark the positions of each wireless sensor node on the plane map, connect the wireless sensor node z and the relay control device, and obtain the line segment Lz;

[0104] Use temp z to represent the number of wireless sensor nodes whose distance from Lz is less than the adaptive distance threshold.

[0105] Through the line segment Lz, it can more effectively represent the advantage of the wireless sensor node z in relaying and transmitting the monitoring data when the wireless sensor node z is selected as the cluster head node, that is, when the value of temp z is larger, it means that the path for the wireless sensor node z to transmit the monitoring data to the relay control device through multiple forwarding methods is closer to a straight line, and the cumulative number of forwarding times of the monitoring data is smaller.

[0106] Furthermore, the process of determining the value of the adaptive distance threshold is:

[0107] Determine whether the current time is between the sunrise time and the sunset time of the day. If so, the distance threshold is four-fifths of the communication radius of the wireless sensor node z; if not, the distance threshold is three-fifths of the communication radius of the wireless sensor node z.

[0108] In the present invention, the situation of high altitude is also considered in setting the distance threshold. When the temperature is relatively high, a larger distance threshold is set; when the temperature is relatively low, a smaller distance threshold is set, so that the forwarding process of the monitoring data can better adapt to the temperature change characteristics of high altitude. Because when the temperature is relatively high, the air density is generally low, and the influence of dust and the like in the atmosphere on signal transmission is smaller, so that the effective transmission distance of the wireless sensor node can be farther.

[0109] In the present invention, clustering the wireless sensor nodes based on the state comparison value includes:

[0110] The first clustering:

[0111] Use ui to represent the set of wireless sensor nodes, and obtain the wireless sensor node nod with the highest state comparison value in ui 1 ;

[0112] Take nod 1 as the cluster head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in ui whose distance from nod 1 is less than the communication radius of nod 1 as member nodes, and obtain the cluster clust 1 ;

[0113] Delete the wireless sensor nodes in clust 1 from ui;

[0114] The h-th clustering:

[0115] Judge whether there are wireless sensor nodes in ui. If so, obtain the wireless sensor node nod with the highest state comparison value in ui h ; if not, stop clustering;

[0116] Take nod h as the cluster head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in ui whose distance from nod h is less than the communication radius of nod h as member nodes, and obtain the cluster clust h ;

[0117] Delete the wireless sensor nodes in clust h from ui;

[0118] h is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0119] The clustering process of the present invention is quite different from the existing clustering processes. It does not directly select a part of the nodes with relatively high state comparison values as the cluster head nodes, because this is likely to lead to insufficiently dispersed distribution of the cluster head nodes, resulting in an excessive number of clusters and affecting the transmission efficiency. The present invention first selects a wireless sensor node with the largest state comparison value as the cluster head node, and based on this cluster head node, the corresponding member nodes are obtained. Then, the wireless sensor nodes included in the obtained cluster are deleted from ui. After that, the above clustering process is continuously repeated until there are no more wireless sensor nodes in ui. This can make the distribution of the cluster head nodes more dispersed, avoid an excessive number of clusters, and improve the data transmission efficiency.

[0120] In the present invention, after the clustering is completed, the relay control device sends the members included in each cluster to the corresponding wireless sensor nodes.

[0121] By storing the numbers of the members in a cluster in a set and sending this set and the number of the cluster head node to the wireless sensor nodes corresponding to each member in the cluster, the distribution of the clustering results is realized.

[0122] In the present invention, the member nodes are also used to transmit the remaining power to the cluster head nodes;

[0123] The cluster head nodes are also used to transmit the remaining power received from the member nodes to the relay control device.

[0124] The relay control device is also used to transmit the start time and end time of the clustering validity period to the wireless sensor nodes.

[0125] Transmitting the remaining power to the cluster head nodes includes: at the end of the clustering validity period, the member nodes transmit the remaining power transmitted by the start time and end time of the clustering validity period to the cluster head nodes;

[0126] Transmitting the remaining power received from the member nodes to the relay control device includes:

[0127] The cluster head nodes transmit the remaining power to the relay control device. The cluster head nodes not only transmit the remaining power from the member nodes to the relay control device, but also transmit their own remaining power to the relay control device.

[0128] As described above, the above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system, characterized in that: It includes wireless sensor nodes, transfer control devices and management devices; The transfer control device is used to cluster the wireless sensor nodes, and each cluster includes a cluster head node and member nodes; The member nodes are used to collect monitoring data of PV panels and transmit the monitoring data to the cluster head node; The cluster head node is used to transmit the monitoring data received from the member nodes to the transfer control device; The transfer control device is also used to forward the monitoring data received from the cluster head node to the management device; The management device is used to monitor the status of the photovoltaic components based on the monitoring data; The wireless sensor nodes are clustered, including: It is determined whether the previous cluster validity period has ended. If so, the next cluster validity period is calculated based on the temperature. After the cluster validity period calculation is completed, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered. After the clustering is completed, the next clustering cycle begins.

2. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring data include the tilt angle of the PV module and the vibration frequency of the PV module.

3. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Monitor the status of PV panels based on monitoring data, including: Determine whether the value of the monitoring data meets the preset warning conditions. If so, issue a warning.

4. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculate the next cluster validity period based on temperature, including: The first cluster is valid for the set duration timlens; The validity period of the i-th cluster is timlen i The calculation formula is: i is greater than or equal to 2, elrf is the power change coefficient of the wireless sensor nodes in ui after the end of the validity period of the i-1st cluster, ui represents the set of wireless sensor nodes, elrm represents the maximum value of the power change of the wireless sensor nodes in the set ui after the end of the validity period of the i-1st cluster, dunf represents the forwarding quantity coefficient of the i-1st cluster validity period, dnum represents the maximum value of the number of monitoring data forwarded by the wireless sensor nodes in the set ui during the validity period of the i-1st cluster, trsnum i-1 represents the average forwarding times of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device during the validity period of the i-1th cluster, trsnuma represents the maximum forwarding times of all monitoring data transmitted to the relay control device during the validity period of the i-1th cluster; temp i-1 represents the temperature obtained by the transfer control device at the end of the validity period of the i-th cluster, tempst represents the set temperature; η1, η2, η3 and η4 are the weight of the power change, the weight of the forwarding number, the weight of the forwarding number and the weight of the temperature respectively.

5. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of elrf is: nui represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes in ui, elr j,i-1 is the amount of power change of wireless sensor node j after the validity period of the i-1th cluster ends; elr j,i-1 =elr j,star -elr j,end elr j,star is the remaining power of wireless sensor node j at the beginning of the validity period of the i-1th cluster, elr j,end is the remaining power of wireless sensor node j at the end of the validity period of the i-1th cluster.

6. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula of dunf is: dnu j,i-1 It represents the number of monitoring data forwarded by wireless sensor node j during the validity period of the i-1th cluster.

7. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Clustering of wireless sensor nodes includes: Calculate the status comparison value of each wireless sensor node; The wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on the status comparison values.

8. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wireless sensor nodes are clustered based on the state comparison values, including: First clustering: Let ui represent the set of wireless sensor nodes, and obtain the wireless sensor node nod1 with the highest state comparison value in ui; Take nod1 as the cluster head node, and all wireless sensor nodes in ui whose distance to nod1 is less than the communication radius of nod1 as member nodes, and get cluster clust1; Delete the wireless sensor nodes in clust1 from the ui; The hth clustering: Determine whether there is a wireless sensor node in the UI. If so, obtain the wireless sensor node nod with the highest status comparison value in the UI. h ; If not, stop clustering; Nod h As the cluster head node, UI and NOD h The distance between them is less than nod h All wireless sensor nodes within the communication radius are taken as member nodes to obtain the cluster clust h ; Cluster h The wireless sensor nodes in are deleted from the ui; h is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

9. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the clustering is completed, the relay control device sends the members contained in each cluster to the corresponding wireless sensor nodes.

10. A high altitude photovoltaic module status management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The member nodes are also used to transmit the remaining power to the cluster head node; The cluster head node is also used to transmit the remaining power received from the member nodes to the relay control device.

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