Crop waste crushing test bed

Abstract

A crop waste crushing test bed comprises an installation supporting frame, a feeding mechanism and an adjusting crushing mechanism, the feeding mechanism and the adjusting crushing mechanism are sequentially arranged on the installation supporting frame, the adjusting crushing mechanism comprises a transmission cutter shaft, an output cutter shaft and two adjusting assemblies, and the transmission cutter shaft and the output cutter shaft are both rotationally arranged on the installation supporting frame; crushing cutters are mounted on the transmission cutter shaft and the output cutter shaft; the two adjusting assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the output cutter shaft correspondingly, and any adjusting assembly comprises two first hydraulic cylinders hinged to the upper portion of the output cutter shaft, a second hydraulic cylinder and a third hydraulic cylinder, wherein the second hydraulic cylinder and the third hydraulic cylinder are hinged to the portion, below the output cutter shaft, of the installation supporting frame. Piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders and piston rods of the second hydraulic cylinders are rotationally arranged at one ends of the output cutter shafts on the corresponding sides through transmission connecting blocks correspondingly, and piston rods of the third hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the second hydraulic cylinders. According to the invention, the influence of the adjustment of the distance between the two rollers, the distance between the movable and fixed cutters and the tangent angle on the crop waste crushing effect can be explored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technical equipment, and specifically relates to a crop waste crushing test bench. Background Art

[0002] After crops are harvested, crop wastes that can be burned, such as corn stalks and rice stalks, are generated. In order to reduce the impact of the smoke generated by the burning of crop wastes on the atmospheric environment and to effectively develop the utilization of crop wastes, it is necessary to crush crop wastes and return them to the field. The existing crushing of crop wastes is usually carried out by a crop waste crusher, and the crushed crop wastes can be returned to the field as renewable energy.

[0003] When the existing crop wastes are crushed and returned to the field, the crop waste crushing and returning machine can perform crushing in different ways through the crushing system. However, the crushing effects obtained by different crushing methods are often very different. Moreover, the influence of the distance between the two rolls, the distance and the tangential angle between the moving and fixed knives on the crushing effect in the existing roll-type crushing is not clear, which will affect the crushing effect and quality of crushing crop wastes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a crop waste crushing test bench to explore the influence of the adjustment of the distance between the two rolls, the distance and the tangential angle between the moving and fixed knives on the crushing effect of crop wastes, and to explore the influence of the adjustment of the deflection angle between the spreading plates on the spreading process of crop wastes.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the specific solution adopted by the present invention is a crop waste crushing test bench, which includes an installation support frame and a feeding mechanism and an adjustment and crushing mechanism sequentially arranged on the installation support frame. The feeding mechanism is used to convey crop wastes to the adjustment and crushing mechanism;

[0006] The adjustment and crushing mechanism includes a driving knife shaft, an output knife shaft and two groups of adjustment components. The driving knife shaft and the output knife shaft are both rotatably arranged on the installation support frame, and crushing cutters are installed on both the driving knife shaft and the output knife shaft; the two groups of adjustment components are respectively arranged at both ends of the output knife shaft. Any one group of adjustment components includes two first hydraulic cylinders hinged above the output knife shaft, a second hydraulic cylinder and a third hydraulic cylinder hinged on the installation support frame below the output knife shaft. The piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders and the second hydraulic cylinder are respectively rotatably arranged at one end of the corresponding side output knife shaft through a transmission connecting block, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] As another optimized scheme of the above crop waste crushing test bench: a fixed hinge support is arranged on the installation support frame, the second hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the fixed hinge support through a support connecting rod, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the support connecting rod.

[0008] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: an arc-shaped hood for preventing the outward explosion of crop waste during crushing is provided on the installation support frame, and the inner arc surface of the hood faces the adjustment crushing mechanism. Fixed supports are respectively provided on the outer arc surface of the hood at positions corresponding to the first hydraulic cylinders, and the cylinder bodies of the first hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the corresponding fixed supports.

[0009] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: a sprinkling mechanism is provided on one side of the adjustment crushing mechanism on the installation support frame. The sprinkling mechanism is used to throw out the crop waste crushed by the adjustment crusher. The sprinkling mechanism includes a gear connecting plate, a middle straight plate, and a plurality of left swing sprinkling arc plates and a plurality of right swing sprinkling arc plates respectively arranged on both sides of the middle straight plate. The middle straight plate is connected to the upper ends of the plurality of left swing sprinkling arc plates and the plurality of right swing sprinkling arc plates through the gear connecting plate.

[0010] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: a strip-shaped sliding hole for the upper end of the corresponding middle straight plate to pass through and slide is provided in the middle of the gear connecting plate. A plurality of left adjustment sliding holes and a plurality of right adjustment sliding holes are respectively provided on both sides of the strip-shaped sliding hole on the gear connecting plate. The upper ends of the corresponding left swing sprinkling arc plates pass through and slide in the left adjustment sliding holes, and the upper ends of the corresponding right swing sprinkling arc plates pass through and slide in the right adjustment sliding holes.

[0011] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: both the left adjustment sliding hole and the right adjustment sliding hole are composed of a strip-shaped hole parallel to the strip-shaped sliding hole and a plurality of bifurcated arc holes arranged at intervals on both sides of the strip-shaped hole.

[0012] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: a plurality of installation flanges for installing and fixing crushing tools are respectively provided on the output knife shaft and the transmission knife shaft. Any group of installation flanges consists of two single flanges, and the crushing tool is arranged between the two single flanges.

[0013] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: two groups of crushing tools are arranged between any two single flanges on the output knife shaft, and the included angle between the two groups of crushing tools is 180°. Any group of crushing tools consists of two L-shaped crushing knives and a straight crushing knife arranged between the two L-shaped crushing knives.

[0014] As another optimization solution for the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: two crushing tools are arranged between any two single flanges on the transmission knife shaft, and the included angle between the two crushing tools is 180°. The two crushing tools are both Y-shaped crushing knives.

[0015] As another optimization scheme of the above-mentioned crop waste crushing test bench: the feeding mechanism includes an active roller, a driven roller, and a first drive motor, the active roller is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor, and a conveyor belt for carrying and transporting crop waste is arranged between the active roller and the driven roller.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The feeding mechanism and the adjusting crushing mechanism in the present invention are sequentially arranged on the mounting support frame, and the transmission blade shaft and the output blade shaft are both rotatably arranged on the mounting support frame. The transmission blade shaft and the output blade shaft respectively crush the crop waste through the crushing cutters arranged on their shafts. The piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders hingedly arranged above the two ends of the output blade shaft are rotatably connected to the output blade shaft through the transmission connecting block, and the piston rods of the second hydraulic cylinders hingedly arranged below the output blade shaft are rotatably connected to the output blade shaft through the transmission connecting block. The output blade shaft is pulled by the two first hydraulic cylinders and supported by the second hydraulic cylinder and the third hydraulic cylinder to maintain relative stability. The output blade shaft can be pushed to move along the connecting line direction of the output blade shaft and the transmission blade shaft through the extension and contraction of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder, thereby realizing the adjustment of the distance between the output blade shaft and the transmission blade shaft to increase or decrease, and the adjustment of the distance between the crushing cutters on the output blade shaft and the transmission blade shaft. The third hydraulic cylinder is hinged on one side of the second hydraulic cylinder and is hinged to the second hydraulic cylinder through the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder. The extension and retraction of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder can push the output cutter shaft to rotate along an arc with the transmission cutter shaft as the rotation center through the second hydraulic cylinder, thereby realizing the adjustment of the tangent angle between the output cutter shaft and the crushing cutters on the transmission cutter shaft, and then conducting experiments to explore the influence of the adjustment of the distance between the output cutter shaft and the transmission cutter shaft and the distance and tangent angle between the crushing cutters on the two shafts on the crushing effect.

[0018] 2. The spreading mechanism provided in the present invention can discharge the crop waste crushed by the adjustment crushing mechanism. The middle straight plate and the upper ends of the multiple left-swinging spreading plates and the multiple right-swinging spreading plates are all slidably penetrated into the corresponding strip sliding holes, left adjustment sliding holes, and right adjustment sliding holes on the gear connecting plate. The crushed crop waste is discharged through the middle straight plate in the spreading mechanism. The crushed crop waste on the left side can be splashed out from the channel between the multiple left-swinging spreading arc plates, and the crushed crop waste on the right side can be sprinkled out from the channel between the multiple right-swinging spreading arc plates. In addition, by adjusting the positions of the middle straight plate and the multiple left-swinging spreading arc plates and the multiple right-swinging spreading arc plates in the corresponding strip sliding holes, left adjustment sliding holes, and right adjustment sliding holes, the spacing between the middle straight plate, the multiple left-swinging spreading arc plates, and the multiple right-swinging spreading arc plates can be changed, so that the spreading mechanism can adapt to different crushed crop wastes. Uniform The need for scattering and discharge has increased the range of types of crop waste that are suitable for crushing. Evenly scattering the crop waste can enable the soil to better corrode the crop waste and increase the degradation rate. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of installing a Y-shaped cutter on the mounting flange of the driving tool shaft;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of installing an L-shaped crushing cutter on the mounting flange of the output tool shaft;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Y-shaped crushing cutter;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of installing a straight crushing cutter between two L-shaped crushing cutters;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the single flange;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreading mechanism;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding mechanism;

[0028] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of installing the driven roller on the tail bearing seat through the driven rotating shaft;

[0029] Reference numerals: 1, installation support frame; 101, feeding support frame; 2, feeding mechanism; 201, driven roller; 2011, driven rotating shaft; 2012, bearing groove; 202, conveyor belt; 203, driving roller; 204, bearing seat; 205, rotating shaft; 206, pressing member; 2061, mounting block; 2062, locking nut; 2063, locking bolt; 207, motor cover; 208, tail bearing seat; 3, adjustment and crushing mechanism; 301, machine cover; 302, output cutter shaft; 303, mounting flange; 3031, flange fixing ring; 304, adjustment assembly; 3041, first hydraulic cylinder; 3042, transmission connecting block; 3043, third hydraulic cylinder; 3044, second hydraulic cylinder; 305, crushing cutter; 3051, straight crushing cutter; 3052, L-shaped crushing cutter; 3053, Y-shaped crushing cutter; 306, driving cutter shaft; 307, support connecting rod; 3071, fixed hinge support; 308, mounting and adjustment hole; 4, throwing upper plate; 5, throwing mechanism; 501, gear position connecting plate; 5011, right adjustment sliding hole; 5012, left adjustment sliding hole; 5013, strip-shaped sliding hole; 502, left swinging throwing arc plate; 503, middle straight plate; 504, right swinging throwing arc plate; 505, throwing lower plate; 506, throwing bottom plate; 6, camera; 7, fixed vertical plate. Detailed implementation mode

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further elaborated in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. For parts not described in detail in the following embodiments of the present invention, such as the models and specifications of the first driving motor and the second driving motor, the models and specifications of the first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder and the third hydraulic cylinder, etc., they should immediately be the prior art known or should be known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] A crop waste crushing test bench, as Figure 1 shown, includes an installation support frame 1, a feeding mechanism 2, an adjustment and crushing mechanism 3 and a throwing mechanism 5. Among them, the feeding mechanism 2, the adjustment and crushing mechanism 3, and the throwing mechanism 5 are arranged on the installation support frame 1 in sequence from left to right.

[0032] A feeding support frame 101 is fixed on the left side of the installation support frame 1 at a position corresponding to the feeding mechanism 2. The feeding mechanism 2 is installed on the feeding support frame 101, so that the feeding mechanism 2 is located in the middle of the adjustment and crushing mechanism 3, so as to facilitate the feeding mechanism 2 to convey crop waste into the adjustment and crushing mechanism 3 for crushing.

[0033] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the adjusting and crushing mechanism 3 includes a driving cutter shaft 306, an output cutter shaft 302 and two groups of adjusting components 304. Crushing cutters 305 are provided on both the driving cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302. The driving cutter shaft 306 and the output cutter shaft 302 are both rotatably arranged on the installation support frame 1. The driving cutter shaft 306 is arranged below the output cutter shaft 302. Fixed mounting plates are respectively installed at positions corresponding to both ends of the driving cutter shaft 306 on the installation support frame 1. Bearing seat holes are provided on the fixed mounting plates, and bearings for the ends of the driving cutter shaft 306 to pass through and support its rotation are installed in the bearing seat holes. In addition, a retaining ring is provided on the driving cutter shaft 306, and the setting of the retaining ring can keep the driving cutter shaft 306 on the fixed mounting plate and limit the position of the driving cutter shaft 306. The structure of the output cutter shaft 302 is similar to that of the driving cutter shaft 306 and will not be elaborated here.

[0034] The adjusting components 304 are respectively arranged at both ends of the output cutter shaft 302. The adjusting component 304 includes two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 arranged above the output cutter shaft 302, a second hydraulic cylinder 3044 and a third hydraulic cylinder 3043 arranged below the output cutter shaft 302. Transmission connecting blocks 3042 are provided at the piston rod ends of the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3044. The transmission connecting blocks 3042 are fixed to the outer rings of the bearings arranged at the ends of the output cutter shaft 302. Threaded holes are respectively provided on the transmission connecting blocks 3042, and external threads for screwing and matching with the corresponding threaded holes are provided at the ends of the piston rods of the corresponding first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3044.

[0035] A machine cover 301 spanning across is arranged above the adjusting and crushing mechanism 3 on the installation support frame 1. The left end of the machine cover 301 is fixed to the installation support frame 1 on both sides of the feeding mechanism 2, and the right end of the machine cover 301 is connected to the spreading mechanism 5 through a spreading upper plate 4. Fixed supports are arranged at positions corresponding to the cylinder bodies of the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 on both side edges of the outer arc surface of the machine cover 301, and the cylinder bodies of the first hydraulic cylinders 3041 are hinged to the corresponding fixed supports.

[0036] The second hydraulic cylinder 3044 is hinged and arranged at the left position, and the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is hinged and arranged at the right position. A support connecting rod 307 arranged along its length is fixed to the lower side surface of the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044. The lower end of the support connecting rod 307 is hinged and connected to a fixed hinge support 3071 fixed to the installation support frame 1. The fixed hinge support 3071 is arranged on a flat plate, and the side edge of the flat plate is fixed to the side edge of the installation support frame 1.

[0037] The piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is hinged to the upper end of the support connecting rod 307 on the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 through a transmission connecting block 3042. The end of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is provided with a screw-threaded hole opened in the transmission connecting block 3042 for screw-threaded mating, and the transmission connecting block 3042 is provided with a protruding round hole for hinged connection with the support connecting rod 307. The cylinder block of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is hinged on the side of the installation support frame 1, and the output tool shaft 302 is kept relatively stable under the pulling of the first hydraulic cylinders 3041 at both ends and the support of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 and the third hydraulic cylinder 3043.

[0038] When it is necessary to adjust the distance between the output tool shaft 302 and the transmission tool shaft 306, the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 is started, and the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 are synchronously linked and coordinated. The piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 extends, and the output tool shaft 302 moves along the line connecting the output tool shaft 302 and the transmission tool shaft 306 under the push of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044, and the distance between the output tool shaft 302 and the transmission tool shaft 306 gradually increases. Correspondingly, the distance between the output tool shaft 302 and the transmission tool shaft 306 gradually decreases as the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 contracts, so as to conduct an experiment to explore the influence of the adjustment of the distance between the output tool shaft 302 and the transmission tool shaft 306 on the crushing effect and quality of crop waste.

[0039] When it is necessary to adjust the tangent angle between the crushing tools 305 on the output tool shaft 302 and the transmission tool shaft 306, the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 is started, and the two first hydraulic cylinders 3041 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3044 are synchronously linked and coordinated. The telescopic movement of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 3043 can push the output tool shaft 302 to rotate along an arc with the transmission tool shaft 306 as the rotation center through the second hydraulic cylinder 3044, so as to conduct an experiment to explore the influence of the change of the tangent angle between the crushing tools 305 on the output tool shaft 302 and the crushing tools 305 on the transmission tool shaft 306 on the crushing effect and quality of crop waste.

[0040] Further, as Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, three groups of mounting flanges 303 for installing and fixing the corresponding crushing tools 305 are respectively arranged on the transmission tool shaft 306 and the output tool shaft 302. Any group of mounting flanges 303 is composed of two single flanges, and the crushing tool 305 is arranged between the two single flanges. Flange threaded holes for installing and fixing the mounting flanges 303 are opened on the transmission tool shaft 306 and the output tool shaft 302. As Figure 7 shown, a flange fixing ring 3031 extends out from the outer side edge of the mounting flange 303, and mounting holes are opened on the flange fixing ring 3031. The mounting flange 303 is fixed by bolts passing through the aligned mounting holes and the flange threaded holes.

[0041] A plurality of flange mounting holes for mounting and fixing the crushing tool 305 are evenly arranged around the circumference of the mounting flange 303. Mounting holes for the corresponding shaft to pass through are provided on the tool shanks of the crushing tools 305 on the driving tool shaft 306 and the output tool shaft 302. Seven mounting and adjusting holes 308 are arranged around the mounting hole on the semi-circle away from the tool tip of the tool shank of the crushing tool 305 on the driving tool shaft 306. The crushing tool 305 can be rotationally fitted to the corresponding mounting flange 303 at seven angles through the seven mounting and adjusting holes 308, which is convenient for studying the crushing effect when the crushing tool 305 on the driving tool shaft 306 rotates at different angles.

[0042] Two crushing tools 305 are arranged between two single flanges corresponding to the driving tool shaft 306. The shape of the crushing tool 305 is a Y-shaped crushing knife 3053. The included angle between the tool tips of the two Y-shaped crushing knives 3053 between each group of mounting flanges 303 is 180°. Two groups of crushing tools 305 are arranged between two single flanges corresponding to the output tool shaft 302. Each group of crushing tools 305 is composed of two L-shaped crushing knives 3052 and a straight crushing knife 3051 arranged between the two L-shaped crushing knives 3052. The included angle between the tool tips of the corresponding two groups of crushing tools 305 is 180°. As Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown, the thickness of the two tool tips of the Y-shaped crushing knife 3053 gradually decreases from the middle to one side to form a cutting edge, which increases the cutting ability of the Y-shaped crushing knife 3053 and improves the crushing effect.

[0043] As Figure 4 and Figure 6 shown, the tool tips of the two L-shaped crushing knives 3052 in a group of crushing tools 305 on the output tool shaft 302 face in opposite directions. The tool tip of one L-shaped crushing knife 3052 is distributed on the left side relative to the straight crushing knife 3051, and the tool tip of one L-shaped crushing knife 3052 is distributed on the right side relative to the straight crushing knife 3051. The thickness of the tool tips of the two L-shaped crushing knives 3052 gradually decreases from the middle to one side to form a cutting edge, which improves the crushing efficiency. In addition, the L-shaped crushing tool 305 can effectively pick up the crop waste straw conveyed by the feeding mechanism 2.

[0044] Mounting holes are also provided on the tool shank of the straight crushing knife 3051 between the two L-shaped crushing knives 3052. The part of the straight crushing knife 3051 between the two L-shaped crushing knives 3052 is the tool tip, and the thickness of the tool tip gradually decreases from the middle to both sides to form a cutting edge. The thickness at the cutting edge is half of the thickness of the tool tip. Serrations are provided on both cutting edges of the straight crushing knife 3051. The provision of serrations can more effectively crush the tough straw.

[0045] The comminuting tool 305 on the output tool shaft 302 is arranged opposite to the comminuting tool 305 on the driving tool shaft 306. The straight comminuting tool 3051 between the two L-shaped comminuting tools 3052 on the output tool shaft 302 is exactly located in the middle of the bifurcated ends of the Y-shaped comminuting tool 3053 on the driving tool shaft 306. Such an arrangement can reduce the gap in the middle when the output tool shaft 302 and the driving tool shaft 306 are in roll contact, thereby efficiently and fully comminuting crop waste.

[0046] Further, key grooves are provided at both ends of the driving tool shaft 306 and the output tool shaft 302, and the key grooves are single-round-head flat key grooves. A synchronous pulley is installed at one end of the driving tool shaft 306 through key connection with the key groove, and a synchronous pulley is also installed at the corresponding end of the output tool shaft 302 through key connection. The two synchronous pulleys are connected by a synchronous belt. The other end of the driving tool shaft 306 is connected with a second driving motor for driving the driving tool shaft 306 to rotate through a coupling. The rotating driving tool shaft 306 can drive the output tool shaft 302 to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt, thereby comminuting crop waste.

[0047] Further, as Figure 1 and Figure 8 shown, the spreading mechanism 5 is arranged on the right side of the adjusting comminuting mechanism 3, and the spreading mechanism 5 can throw out the crop waste crushed by the adjusting crusher. The spreading mechanism 5 includes a gear position connecting plate 501, a middle straight plate 503, three left swinging spreading arc plates 502 and three right swinging spreading arc plates 504. The middle straight plate 503 is arranged vertically in the middle. The three left swinging spreading arc plates 502 are evenly spaced and arranged vertically on the right side of the middle straight plate 503, and their inner arc surfaces are all distributed towards the right. The three right swinging spreading arc plates 504 are evenly spaced and arranged on the left side of the middle straight plate 503, and their inner arc surfaces are all distributed towards the left.

[0048] The middle straight plate 503, the three left swinging spreading arc plates 502 and the three right swinging spreading arc plates 504 are connected by the gear position connecting plate 501. The channels formed between the middle straight plate 503 and the left swinging spreading arc plates 502 and the right swinging spreading arc plates 504 can allow the crop waste crushed in the middle to pass through and be thrown out. The channels between adjacent left swinging spreading arc plates 502 can allow the crop waste crushed on the left to pass through and be discharged. The channels between adjacent right swinging spreading arc plates 504 can allow the crop waste crushed on the right to pass through and be discharged, so that the crushed crop waste is more evenly spread out.

[0049] Further, on one side of the gear position connecting plate 501, it is connected to the hood 301 through the spreading upper plate 4. On the installation support frame 1 below the middle straight plate 503, three left swinging spreading arc plates 502 and three right swinging spreading arc plates 504, there are arranged a spreading lower plate 505 and a spreading bottom plate 506. The outer arc surface of the spreading lower plate 505 faces the adjusting and crushing mechanism 3. One long side of the spreading lower plate 505 is fixedly connected to one side of the spreading bottom plate 506. The other long side of the spreading lower plate 505 is located below the middle straight plate 503 but does not touch it. Both the spreading lower plate 505 and the spreading upper plate 4 are in the shape of a 1 / 4 circle arc, which is convenient for the crushed straw to be successfully spread out through the guidance of the arc-shaped spreading lower plate 505 and the spreading upper plate 4, reducing the splashing of the crushed straw at the corner gaps and improving the spreading efficiency.

[0050] On the long sides of the installation support frame 1, there are respectively arranged a fixed vertical plate 7. Both ends of the gear position connecting plate 501 are fixedly connected to the fixed vertical plates 7 on its two sides. In the middle of the gear position connecting plate 501, there is arranged a strip-shaped sliding hole 5013 along its width direction. The middle straight plate 503 passes through the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013 through the sliding column arranged at its upper end and can move along the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013. The position of the middle straight plate 503 can be adjusted by the sliding cooperation of the sliding column and the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013.

[0051] At the position corresponding to the left swinging spreading arc plate 502 on the gear position connecting plate 501, there is correspondingly opened a left adjusting sliding hole 5012. The left swinging spreading arc plate 502 passes through the corresponding left adjusting sliding hole 5012 through the sliding column arranged at its upper end, and the position and swinging angle of the left swinging spreading arc plate 502 are adjusted by the sliding of the sliding column in the left adjusting sliding hole. At the position corresponding to the right swinging spreading arc plate 504 on the gear position connecting plate 501, there is correspondingly opened a right adjusting sliding hole 5011. The right swinging spreading arc plate 504 passes through the corresponding right adjusting sliding hole 5011 through the sliding column arranged at its upper end, and the position and swinging angle of the right swinging spreading arc plate 504 are adjusted by the sliding of the sliding column of the right adjusting sliding hole and the right adjusting sliding hole 5011. Both the left adjusting sliding hole 5012 and the right adjusting arc hole are composed of a strip hole arranged parallel to the strip-shaped sliding hole 5013 and a plurality of bifurcated arc holes arranged at intervals on both sides of the strip hole.

[0052] By adjusting the deflection angles of the left swinging spreading arc plate 502 and the right swinging spreading arc plate 504, the agricultural waste can be evenly spread out, and the soil can better corrode the evenly spread agricultural waste, realizing the exploration of the influence of the adjustment of the deflection angle of the spreading plate on the spreading process of the agricultural waste.

[0053] Further, as Figure 1 and Figure 9As shown in the figure, the feeding mechanism 2 includes a driving roller 203, a driven roller 201, a first driving motor, and a conveyor belt 202. The driving roller 203 and the driven roller 201 are parallel to each other. The driving roller 203 is rotatably arranged on the feeding support frame 101 through a rotating shaft 205 provided at both ends thereof. A bearing seat 204 for supporting the rotating shaft 205 of the driving roller 203 to pass through and rotate is provided on the feeding support frame 101. The bearing in the bearing seat 204 is a deep groove ball bearing. A bearing retaining ring is provided in the bearing seat 204. The bearing seat 204 is fixed to the feeding support frame 101 by bolts.

[0054] As Figure 10 shown in the figure, bearing grooves 2012 are respectively formed on both end faces inside the driven roller 201. Bearings are installed in both bearing grooves 2012. A driven rotating shaft 2011 is inserted through the two bearings. The driven rotating shaft 2011 is connected to the driven roller 201 through bearings. Bearing end covers are respectively fixed to both end faces of the driven roller 201 by bolts. Protrusions capable of tightly fixing the bearings are provided on the inner side faces of the bearing end covers.

[0055] Tail bearing seats 208 are respectively installed at positions on both ends of the driven roller 201 on the feeding support frame 101. U-shaped grooves are formed on the tail bearing seats 208. Both ends of the driven rotating shaft 2011 are respectively inserted into the U-shaped grooves on the corresponding sides. In addition, transverse threaded holes are provided on the tail bearing seats 208. Bolts for fixing the position of the driven rotating shaft 2011 are installed in the threaded holes. Nuts are installed in cooperation with the bolts. By adjusting the position of the driven rotating shaft 2011 in the U-shaped groove of the tail bearing seat 208, the front-back movement of the driven rotating shaft 2011 can be controlled, so as to drive the driven roller 201 to move to achieve the state of tensioning the conveyor belt 202. Tensioning the conveyor belt 202 can increase the efficiency of the conveyor belt 202 in conveying crop waste.

[0056] As Figure 9 shown in the figure, a synchronous pulley is key-connected and installed on a rotating shaft 205 at one end of the driving roller 203 after passing through the corresponding bearing seat 204. A motor cover 207 is provided on the feeding support frame 101. The first driving motor is fixed to the motor cover 207 by hexagon bolts. A synchronous pulley is installed on the output shaft of the first driving motor after passing through the motor cover 207. The synchronous pulley is key-connected to the output shaft of the first driving motor. The two synchronous pulleys are connected by a synchronous belt in a transmission manner. The first driving motor drives the driving roller 203 to rotate through the synchronous belt.

[0057] The conveyor belt 202 is sleeved between the driving roller 203 and the driven roller 201 for carrying and conveying crop waste. When the first driving motor is started, the rotation of the driving roller 203 can drive the conveyor belt 202 to rotate, and the rotation of the conveyor belt 202 can drive the driven roller 201 to rotate synchronously, so as to convey the crop waste into the crushing mechanism for crushing treatment.

[0058] Further, a tightening member 206 is provided below the motor cover 207 on the feeding support frame 101. The tightening member 206 includes a mounting block 2061, a tightening bolt 2063 and a tightening nut 2062. The tightening nut 2062 is mounted on the tightening bolt 2063, and the mounting block 2061 is fixed on the feeding support frame 101. After the tightening bolt 2063 passes vertically through the longitudinal threaded hole formed in the middle of the mounting block 2061, its end abuts against the synchronous belt. By screwing the tightening nut 2062, the tightening bolt 2063 moves upward to abut against the synchronous belt for tensioning, preventing the synchronous belt from slipping during transmission.

[0059] Further, as Figure 8 shown, a camera 6 is respectively fixed on the fixed vertical plates on both sides of the gear position connecting plate 501. The camera 6 is a 360° rotating height camera 6. The camera 6 can record the process of crop waste being thrown and scattered onto the throwing bottom plate 506 at an extremely high frame rate. Through the camera 6, the position information of the accelerating movement process of the crop waste can be clearly seen, so as to obtain the change rules of the speed and displacement of the broken rod group during the throwing process, and realize the exploration of the change rules of the broken rod movement.

[0060] Further, as Figure 1 shown, an observation window is provided on the machine cover 301 to facilitate observing and adjusting the crushing condition of crop waste in the crushing mechanism 3. Channels for crop waste to pass through are opened at one end of the machine cover 301 on both sides of the conveyor belt 202. The machine cover 301 is designed according to the Archimedes spiral. The machine cover 301 can ensure that the output cutter shaft 302 moves in the machine cover 301 to the greatest extent while ensuring that the output cutter shaft 302 can rotate normally.

Claims

1. A crop waste crushing test bench, characterized in that: It comprises a mounting support frame (1), and a feeding mechanism (2) and an adjusting and crushing mechanism (3) which are sequentially arranged on the mounting support frame (1), wherein the feeding mechanism (2) is used to transport crop waste to the adjusting and crushing mechanism (3); The adjustment crushing mechanism (3) comprises a transmission blade shaft (306), an output blade shaft (302) and two sets of adjustment components (304); the transmission blade shaft (306) and the output blade shaft (302) are both rotatably arranged on the mounting support frame (1); crushing cutters (305) are installed on the transmission blade shaft (306) and the output blade shaft (302); the two sets of adjustment components (304) are respectively arranged at both ends of the output blade shaft (302); any set of adjustment components (304) comprises a hinged arrangement on the output blade shaft ( The invention relates to two first hydraulic cylinders (3041) above the output cutter shaft (302), a second hydraulic cylinder (3044) and a third hydraulic cylinder (3043) hingedly arranged on a support frame (1) installed below the output cutter shaft (302), the piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders (3041) and the second hydraulic cylinder (3044) are respectively rotatably arranged at one end of the output cutter shaft (302) on the corresponding side through a transmission connecting block (3042), and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder (3043) is hingedly connected to the second hydraulic cylinder (3044).

2. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed hinge support (3071) is provided on the mounting support frame (1), the second hydraulic cylinder (3044) is hingedly connected to the fixed hinge support (3071) via a supporting connecting rod (307), and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder (3043) is hingedly connected to the supporting connecting rod (307).

3. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: An arc-shaped machine cover (301) is arranged on the mounting support frame (1) for preventing the crop waste from collapsing when being crushed. The inner arc surface of the machine cover (301) is arranged toward the adjustment crushing mechanism (3). Fixed supports are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the first hydraulic cylinder (3041) on the outer arc surface of the machine cover (301). The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder (3041) is hinged on the corresponding fixed supports.

4. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: A throwing mechanism (5) is arranged on one side of the adjustment crushing mechanism (3) on the mounting support frame (1). The throwing mechanism (5) is used to throw out the crop waste after being crushed by the adjustment crusher. The throwing mechanism (5) comprises a gear connection plate (501), a central straight plate (503), and a plurality of left-swinging throwing arc plates (502) and a plurality of right-swinging throwing arc plates (504) respectively arranged on both sides of the central straight plate (503). The central straight plate (503) and the upper ends of the plurality of left-swinging throwing arc plates (502) and the plurality of right-swinging throwing arc plates (504) are connected via the gear connection plate (501).

5. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: A strip-shaped sliding hole (5013) is provided in the middle of the gear connecting plate (501) for the upper end of the corresponding middle straight plate (503) to slide through, and a plurality of left adjustment sliding holes (5012) and a plurality of right adjustment sliding holes (5011) are provided on both sides of the strip-shaped sliding hole (5013) on the gear connecting plate (501). The left adjustment sliding hole (5012) is provided for the upper end of the corresponding left swinging arc plate (502) to slide through, and the right adjustment sliding hole (5011) is provided for the upper end of the corresponding right swinging arc plate (504) to slide through.

6. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The left adjustment sliding hole (5012) and the right adjustment sliding hole (5011) are both composed of a strip hole arranged parallel to the strip sliding hole (5013) and a plurality of bifurcated arc holes arranged at intervals on both sides of the strip hole.

7. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output blade shaft (302) and the transmission blade shaft (306) are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting flanges (303) for mounting and fixing the crushing blade (305), and any one of the mounting flanges (303) is composed of two single flanges, and the crushing blade (305) is arranged between the two single flanges.

8. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two groups of crushing knives (305) are arranged between any two single flanges on the output knife shaft (302), the angle between the two groups of crushing knives (305) is 180 degrees, and any group of crushing knives (305) consists of two L-shaped crushing knives (3052) and a straight crushing knife (3051) arranged between the two L-shaped crushing knives (3052).

9. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two crushing knives (305) are arranged between any two single flanges on the transmission blade shaft (306), the included angle between the two crushing knives (305) is 180 degrees, and the two crushing knives (305) are both Y-shaped crushing knives (3053).

10. The crop waste crushing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (2) comprises a driving roller (203), a driven roller (201), and a first driving motor; the driving roller (203) is drivingly connected to an output shaft of the first driving motor; and a conveyor belt (202) for carrying and conveying crop waste is provided between the driving roller (203) and the driven roller (201).

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