3D display apparatus and 3D display method

Abstract

A 3D display device and a 3D display method are disclosed. The 3D display device includes a display panel, comprising a black matrix and multiple filter units; the multiple filter units include a first type of filter unit and a second type of filter unit, wherein the light emitted by the first type of filter unit is configured for viewing by the user's left eye, and the light emitted by the second type of filter unit is configured for viewing by the user's right eye. An eye-tracking device is configured to detect the position of the user's eyes. A grating panel includes multiple gratings with grating slits between adjacent gratings; the grating panel is located on one side of the display panel and is configured to adjust the positions of the multiple gratings according to the position of the user's eyes, so that light from the backlight passes through the grating slits and, after passing through the first type of filter unit and the second type of filter unit, reaches the user's left and right eyes respectively. The black matrix is ​​configured to adjust its size within the display panel plane according to the position of the gratings before and after adjustment, so that the adjustment process of the grating position is imperceptible to the user's eyes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This article relates to, but is not limited to, display technologies, particularly a 3D display device and a 3D display method. Background Technology

[0002] Some display devices employ binocular parallax reproduction technology to achieve glasses-free 3D display. This involves dividing the display panel into multiple spaced-apart left and right viewing zones, controlling the user's left eye to view the image in the left zone and the right eye to view the image in the right zone. The user's left and right eyes receive two parallax-effect images, which are then synthesized in the brain to form a 3D image. In this technology, a grating structure is incorporated into the display device. This grating controls the light transmission in different areas of the display panel, allowing the user's left and right eyes to receive light from different viewing zones. The user can also adjust the grating's opening position to achieve the clearest possible 3D image.

[0003] However, during the adjustment of the grating opening position, the human eye can easily observe the shearing process of the grating, causing the displayed image to flicker. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail herein. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0005] This disclosure provides a 3D display device and a 3D display method to solve the screen flickering caused by the shearing process of the grating as perceived by the human eye.

[0006] On one hand, this disclosure provides a 3D display device, including: a display panel, comprising a black matrix and a plurality of filter units; the plurality of filter units include a first type of filter unit and a second type of filter unit, wherein the light from the first type of filter unit is configured for viewing by the user's left eye, and the light from the second type of filter unit is configured for viewing by the user's right eye; an eye-tracking device configured to detect the position of the user's eye; a grating panel, comprising a plurality of gratings, with grating slits between adjacent gratings; the grating panel is located on one side of the display panel and configured to adjust the position of the plurality of gratings according to the position of the user's eye, so that light from a backlight source passes through the grating slits and reaches the user's left eye and right eye respectively after passing through the first type of filter unit and the second type of filter unit; wherein, the black matrix is ​​configured to adjust its own size in the plane of the display panel according to the position of the gratings before and after adjustment, so that the adjustment process of the position of the gratings is not perceived by the user's eye.

[0007] In one exemplary embodiment, the distance between the opposite side surfaces of the grating and the filter unit in a direction perpendicular to the display device is a first height; the display panel includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and in the plane of the display panel, the size of the sub-pixel is the sum of the size of a single filter unit and the size of a black matrix located between adjacent filter units; the grating panel adjusts the position of the plurality of gratings according to the human eye position, including: the grating panel adjusts the position of the plurality of gratings according to the first height, the sub-pixel size, and the human eye position, so that light from the backlight passes through the grating slit, the first type of filter unit, and the second type of filter unit, and reaches the user's left and right eyes at the current position.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, the human eye position includes: the user's viewing distance in a direction perpendicular to the display device, and the distance between the user's pupils.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment, the grating panel includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a grating liquid crystal layer disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate; the first height is the distance between the opposite side surfaces of the grating liquid crystal layer and the filter unit, and the grating panel adjusts the position of the grating by controlling the light transmittance of the grating liquid crystal layer.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment, the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment, including: the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the sum of the position of the grating before and after adjustment and the grating offset distance caused by the error of the eye-tracking accuracy of the human eye-tracking device.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, the black matrix adjusts its size within the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment, including: the black matrix adjusts its size within the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment and the fluctuation value of the size of the black matrix caused by the user's pupil size.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment, including: the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment, and the fluctuation value of the size of the black matrix caused by the process deviation of the grating.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment, including: the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the position of the grating before and after adjustment, and the fluctuation value of the size of the black matrix caused by the delay time of the human eye tracking device.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, in a direction perpendicular to the display device, the black matrix includes a light-shielding common electrode, a plurality of light-shielding electrodes disposed opposite each other, and a light-shielding liquid crystal layer located between the light-shielding common electrode and the plurality of light-shielding electrodes; the black matrix adjusts its size in the plane of the display panel by controlling the light transmittance of the light-shielding liquid crystal layer.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the display panel includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate disposed opposite each other, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate; the black matrix and the plurality of filter units are disposed on the color filter substrate.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, the size of the black matrix gradually decreases in the plane of the display panel along the direction from the center to the edge.

[0017] On the other hand, this disclosure provides a 3D display method applied to the 3D display device described above; including: determining the position of a human eye based on a signal from an eye-tracking device; and, if the position of the human eye changes, determining a target position of a grating based on the changed position of the human eye; the target position of the grating is configured such that light from a backlight passes through the grating slits of the grating panel and reaches the user's left and right eyes respectively after passing through a first type of filter unit and a second type of filter unit of the display panel; adjusting the size of a black matrix in the plane of the display panel according to the current position of the grating and the target position, using the black matrix to block the adjustment process of the grating from the current position to the target position so that the adjustment process of the grating position is not perceived by the human eye; and adjusting the position of the grating according to the target position.

[0018] The 3D display device provided in this embodiment allows for the adjustment of the size of the black matrix. By adjusting the size of the black matrix before the grating position changes, the black matrix blocks the grating's shearing process, preventing the human eye from perceiving this process and thus avoiding screen flickering as perceived by the eye, thereby improving the user experience. This solves the problem of screen flickering caused by the human eye perceiving the grating's shearing process.

[0019] After reading and understanding the accompanying diagrams and detailed descriptions, the other aspects can be understood. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solutions of this application and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a display panel;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a display device in an exemplary embodiment;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of light passing through a grating slit and a filter unit in an exemplary embodiment;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural view of the display device in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of light passing through a grating slit and a filter unit in yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a user viewing the display device from the center position in an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the distance relationship of a user viewing a display device in an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This disclosure describes several embodiments, but these descriptions are exemplary and not restrictive, and many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the embodiments described herein, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the drawings and discussed in the detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are also possible. Unless specifically limited, any feature or element of any embodiment may be used in combination with or in lieu of any other feature or element in any other embodiment.

[0030] This disclosure includes and contemplates combinations of features and elements known to those skilled in the art. The embodiments, features, and elements disclosed in this disclosure may also be combined with any conventional features or elements to form a unique inventive scheme as defined by the claims. Any feature or element of any embodiment may also be combined with features or elements from other inventive schemes to form another unique inventive scheme as defined by the claims. Therefore, it should be understood that any feature shown and / or discussed in this disclosure may be implemented individually or in any suitable combination. Therefore, the embodiments are not limited except by the limitations imposed by the appended claims and their equivalents. Furthermore, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

[0031] In the accompanying drawings, the size of one or more constituent elements, the thickness of layers, or areas are sometimes exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, this disclosure is not necessarily limited to these dimensions, and the shape and size of one or more parts in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate ideal examples, and this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0032] The ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," and "third" used in this specification are used to avoid confusion among the constituent elements, not to limit the quantity. The term "multiple" in this disclosure refers to two or more quantities.

[0033] In this specification, for convenience, terms such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplification, and does not imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. The positional relationships of the constituent elements may be appropriately varied depending on the orientation of the constituent elements being described. Therefore, the use of terms not limited to those described in the specification may be appropriately replaced as needed.

[0034] In this specification, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate component, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the meaning of these terms in this disclosure as appropriate. "Electrical connection" includes situations where constituent elements are connected together by a component having some electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the term "component having some electrical function," as long as it allows for the transmission of electrical signals between the connected constituent elements. Examples of "component having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with various functions.

[0035] In this specification, a transistor is a device that includes at least three terminals: a gate electrode, a drain electrode, and a source electrode. A transistor has a channel region between the drain electrode (drain terminal, drain region, or drain) and the source electrode (source terminal, source region, or source), and current can flow through the drain electrode, the channel region, and the source electrode. In this specification, the channel region refers to the region through which current primarily flows.

[0036] In this specification, to distinguish the two terminals of a transistor other than the gate, one electrode is referred to as the first terminal and the other as the second terminal. For example, the first terminal can be the drain electrode and the second terminal can be the source electrode, or vice versa. In cases where transistors with opposite polarities are used or where the current direction changes during circuit operation, the functions of the "source electrode" and "drain electrode" are sometimes interchanged. Therefore, in this specification, the "source electrode" and "drain electrode" can be interchanged, and the "source terminal" and "drain terminal" can be interchanged.

[0037] In this specification, "parallel" refers to the state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than or equal to -10° and less than 10°, and therefore also includes the state where the angle is greater than or equal to -5° and less than 5°. Similarly, "perpendicular" refers to the state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than or equal to 80° and less than 100°, and therefore also includes the state where the angle is greater than or equal to 85° and less than 95°.

[0038] In this specification, triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons, or hexagons are not strictly defined; they can be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons, or hexagons. Small deformations due to tolerances are possible, as are chamfers, curved edges, and other variations.

[0039] In this disclosure, “about” means a value that is not strictly limited and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0040] The phrase "A and B are set on the same layer" as used in this disclosure means that A and B are formed simultaneously through the same patterning process.

[0041] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device. Figure 1 As shown, the display device may include a stacked display panel 1, a grating panel 2, and a backlight 3. The display panel 1 may be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel. The grating panel 2 may include multiple gratings 21, each extending perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Within the plane of the grating panel 2, the width of each grating 21 perpendicular to its extension direction is a first width d1, and the distance between adjacent gratings 21 is a second width d2. A portion of the light emitted from the backlight 3 is blocked by the gratings 21, while the remaining light passes through the slits between the gratings 21, being divided into left-viewing and right-viewing areas by the multiple gratings 21. The light from the left-viewing area, after passing through the display panel 1, forms the image for the user's left eye, and the light from the right-viewing area, after passing through the display panel 1, forms the image for the user's right eye, allowing the user to experience a 3D image. The opening position of the grating panel 2 can be adjusted according to the distance between the user and the display device, ensuring the user can view the clearest 3D image at their current position. For example, it can be used with an eye-tracking device (not shown) to adjust the first width d1 of the grating 21 according to the data of the eye-tracking device, thereby controlling the opening position of the grating panel 2. Figure 1 The illustration uses an example where the grating panel 2 is located on the side of the display panel 1 closest to the backlight 3. In other embodiments, the grating panel 2 can be located on the side of the display panel 1 furthest from the backlight 3. Light from the backlight can pass through the display panel 1 first and then through the grating panel 2. This disclosure does not limit this. In other embodiments, the backlight 3 can be a side-lit light source. This disclosure does not limit this.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a display panel. (Example) Figure 2As shown, the display panel may include a thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate 100 and a color filter (CF) substrate 200, which are cells, and a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the array substrate 100 and the color filter substrate 200. The liquid crystal layer 300 includes liquid crystal (LC) molecules. At least one support pillar 311 may be disposed between the array substrate 100 and the color filter substrate 200. The support pillar 311 can maintain a suitable distance between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 200 to ensure that the display panel can display normally. The array substrate 100 may include a first structural layer 102 disposed on the side of the first substrate 101 facing the color filter substrate 200, and the color filter substrate 200 may include a second structural layer 202 disposed on the side of the second substrate 201 facing the array substrate 100.

[0044] LCDs can be categorized by display mode into Twisted Nematic (TN) display mode, In-Plane Switching (IPS) display mode, Fringe Field Switching (FFS) display mode, and Advanced Super Dimension Switching (ADS) display mode. In an exemplary embodiment, for the ADS display mode, the first structural layer 102 may include gate lines, data lines, a first transistor, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first electrode can be a pixel electrode, and the second electrode can be a common electrode. The first and second electrodes are used to generate an electric field that controls the deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, thereby achieving the display of specific grayscale levels. The first transistor is electrically connected to the first electrode, the data line, and the gate line. The scanning signal transmitted through the gate line can control the on / off state of the first transistor. When the first transistor is turned on, the pixel voltage transmitted on the data line can be output to the first electrode. The first transistor can act as a switching unit to realize the display of the image on the display panel. The first structural layer 102 may include a common voltage line, and the second electrode can be connected to the common voltage line, which can reduce its own resistance, reduce the voltage drop during signal transmission, and improve the display effect.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the second structural layer 202 may include a black matrix 211 and multiple filter units 220 of different colors. Light passing through the corresponding color filter unit 220 will appear as the corresponding color, forming a display on the display panel. The black matrix 211 may surround the multiple filter units 220 and may be located between the multiple filter units 220, which can not only prevent light leakage from the display panel, but also prevent crosstalk between light passing through adjacent filter units. In an exemplary embodiment, the filter unit 220 may include three colors: red, green, and blue, or the filter unit 220 may include four colors: red, green, blue, and white. A filter unit of one color may correspond to a sub-pixel area of ​​the display panel. The color, size, shape, and arrangement of the filter units 220 can be set as needed, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a display device in an exemplary embodiment, omitting the backlight and part of the display panel structure. Figure 3 As shown, the array substrate 100 of the display panel can be connected to the integrated circuit (IC) 4 and the first circuit board 801, which can be a flexible circuit board. A first sealant 301 can be disposed between the array substrate 100 and the color filter substrate 200 to seal the liquid crystal layer 300 between the array substrate 100 and the color filter substrate 200. A grating panel can be disposed on the side of the array substrate 100 away from the color filter substrate 200, and the grating panel can be connected to the display panel through a first adhesive layer 601. A first polarizer 501 can be disposed on the side of the grating panel away from the display panel, a second polarizer 502 can be disposed between the grating panel and the display panel, and a third polarizer 503 can be disposed on the side of the display panel away from the grating panel. By using the second polarizer 502 shared by the grating panel and the display panel, the number of polarizers disposed in the display device can be reduced, which helps to reduce the thickness of the display device.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the grating panel can be a TN electro-grating liquid crystal cell. When the display device needs to perform 2D display, the grating panel can be closed. When the display device needs to perform 3D display, the opening position of the grating panel can be adjusted based on the real-time position information of the user's eyes in front of the display device obtained by the eye-tracking device, so that the user can view the clearest 3D image. Figure 3As shown, the grating panel may include an upper substrate 701 and a lower substrate 703 disposed opposite to each other, and a grating liquid crystal layer (not shown) disposed between the upper substrate 701 and the lower substrate 703. A grating support pillar 707 may be disposed between the upper substrate 701 and the lower substrate 703 to maintain a suitable distance between them. A second sealant 708 may be disposed between the upper substrate 701 and the lower substrate 703 to seal the grating liquid crystal layer between them. A grating common electrode 702 may be disposed on the side of the upper substrate 701 near the lower substrate 703. A plurality of first grating electrodes 704, a first isolation layer 705, and a plurality of second grating electrodes 706 may be sequentially disposed on the side of the lower substrate 703 near the upper substrate 701. The lower substrate 703 may be connected to a second circuit board 802, which may be a flexible circuit board. The first grating electrode 704 can be a strip extending perpendicular to the paper plane, and multiple first grating electrodes 704 can be parallel to each other. The second grating electrode 706 can also be a strip extending perpendicular to the paper plane, and multiple second grating electrodes 706 can be parallel to each other. In a plane perpendicular to the display device, the first grating electrode 704 and the second grating electrode 706 can be arranged alternately. By controlling the electric field between the first grating electrode 704 and the second grating electrode 706, the deflection of the liquid crystal located between the upper substrate 701 and the lower substrate 703 can be controlled, enabling light transmission in specific areas of the grating panel, so that the user's left and right eyes receive different light. Figure 3 As shown, in the direction perpendicular to the display device, the distance between the grating and the display panel is a first height H1. The first height H1 can be referred to as the placement height of the grating. For example, the first height H1 can be the distance between the filter unit 220 and the opposite side surface of the grating layer. The grating layer may include a grating common electrode 702, a grating liquid crystal layer, a plurality of first grating electrodes 704, and a plurality of second grating electrodes 706. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates that the distance between the opposite side surfaces of the grating common electrode 702 and the filter unit 220 is the first height H1. Depending on the different film layers and distribution of the grating layer, the opposite surfaces of the grating layer and the filter unit 220 may also be different. The value of the first height H1 can be set as needed, and this disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating light passing through a grating slit and a filter unit in an exemplary embodiment. Figure 4As shown, the light filtering unit 220 of the display panel includes a first type of light filtering unit 221 corresponding to the user's left eye and a second type of light filtering unit 222 corresponding to the user's right eye. The first type of light filtering unit 221 and the second type of light filtering unit 222 can be alternately arranged. In the direction perpendicular to the display device, light passes through the first type of light filtering unit 221 and reaches the user's left eye, and light passes through the second type of light filtering unit 222 and reaches the user's right eye, so that the user's left and right eyes receive different image information. Figure 4 In the diagram, LE1 represents the user's left eye position when in the first position, RE1 represents the user's right eye position when in the first position, LE2 represents the user's left eye position when in the second position, and RE2 represents the user's right eye position when in the second position. For example... Figure 4 As shown, when the eye-tracking device detects that the user is in the first position, the grating panel can control the light transmission through the grating liquid crystal to form multiple opaque gratings 21. Light from the backlight (not shown) passes through the grating slits Q1 between the gratings 21 and then through the first type of filter unit 221 and the second type of filter unit 222. The light passing through the first type of filter unit 221 reaches the user's left eye LE1, and the light passing through the second type of filter unit 222 reaches the user's right eye RE1, allowing the user to view the 3D image in the first position. When the eye-tracking device detects that the user changes from the first position to the second position, the grating panel can adjust the position of the gratings 21 by controlling the grating liquid crystal so that light passes through the grating slits Q2 and then through the first type of filter unit 221 and the second type of filter unit 222, ensuring that the user can view a clear 3D image in the second position. Figure 4 The dashed line represents the grating slit Q2 at the second position, while the grating corresponding to grating slit Q2 is omitted. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the positions of grating slits Q1 and Q2 in the plane of the display device are not the same. During the process of the grating panel changing from the shape of grating slit Q1 to the shape of grating slit Q2, light will still enter the human eye, making the change in the position of the grating perceptible to the human eye. The screen seen by the user will flicker, affecting the user experience.

[0049] This disclosure provides a 3D display device, comprising: a display panel including a black matrix and multiple filter units; the multiple filter units include a first type of filter unit and a second type of filter unit, wherein the light from the first type of filter unit is configured for viewing by the user's left eye, and the light from the second type of filter unit is configured for viewing by the user's right eye; an eye-tracking device configured to detect the position of the user's eyes; a grating panel including multiple gratings with grating slits between adjacent gratings; the grating panel is located on one side of the display panel and configured to adjust the position of the multiple gratings according to the position of the user's eyes, so that light from a backlight source passes through the grating slits and reaches the user's left and right eyes respectively after passing through the first type of filter unit and the second type of filter unit; wherein the black matrix is ​​configured to adjust its size in the plane of the display panel according to the position of the gratings before and after adjustment, so that the adjustment process of the grating position is imperceptible to the user's eyes.

[0050] The 3D display device provided in this embodiment allows for the adjustment of the size of the black matrix. By adjusting the size of the black matrix before the grating position changes, the black matrix can block the grating shearing process, preventing the human eye from perceiving the grating shearing process and avoiding screen flickering, thus improving the user experience.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, the size of the black matrix is ​​the size of the black matrix in the plane of the display device. By changing the size of the black matrix, the coverage of the black matrix can be adjusted, so that the shearing process of the grating is invisible to the human eye.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the display device in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 and Figure 3 The difference lies in the structure of the black matrix in the color filter substrate 200; other details can be found in the aforementioned section. Figure 3 The description will not be repeated here.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, the light-filtering unit includes a first type of light-filtering unit 221 and a second type of light-filtering unit 222. The light-filtering unit can be disposed on the side of the black matrix closer to the liquid crystal layer 300, and a second isolation layer 401 can be disposed between the light-filtering unit and the black matrix. In other embodiments, the light-filtering unit can be disposed on the side of the black matrix away from the liquid crystal layer 300, and this disclosure does not limit this. The black matrix may include a light-shielding common electrode 403 disposed opposite to each other, a plurality of light-shielding electrodes 402, and a light-shielding liquid crystal layer (not shown) located between the light-shielding common electrode 403 and the plurality of light-shielding electrodes 402. By utilizing the cooperation of the light-shielding common electrode 403 and the plurality of light-shielding electrodes 402, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in the light-shielding liquid crystal layer can be controlled, making the size and coverage area of ​​the black matrix adjustable, thereby achieving cooperation with the grating panel. Figure 5 As shown, the light-shielding common electrode 403 can be disposed on the side of the plurality of light-shielding electrodes 402 near the second substrate 201, and a third sealant 404 can be disposed between the second substrate 201 and the second insulating layer 401 to confine the light-shielding liquid crystal layer between the light-shielding common electrode 403 and the plurality of light-shielding electrodes 402. Figure 5 During the operation of the display device shown, after the human eye tracking device detects the change in the position of the human eye, it calculates the adjustment scheme of the grating. Then, according to the adjustment scheme of the grating, the black matrix is ​​adjusted first, and then the grating panel is adjusted according to the adjustment scheme of the grating. Under the cover of the black matrix, the human eye will not perceive the adjustment process of the grating, thereby eliminating the phenomenon of screen flicker.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of light passing through a grating slit and a filter unit in yet another exemplary embodiment. Figure 6 and Figure 4 The difference is Figure 6 The black matrix 211 in the diagram can block the shearing process of the grating 21 from the shape of grating slit Q1 to the shape of grating slit Q2. For example... Figure 6 As shown, before the grating panel is switched from the shape of grating slit Q1 to the shape of grating slit Q2, the black matrix 211 can be adjusted to... Figure 6 The dimensions shown are such that the changes in light during the transition of the grating 21 from the shape of the grating slit Q1 to the shape of the grating slit Q2 can be blocked by the black matrix 211, so the user will not perceive screen flicker.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a user viewing the display device from a position directly facing the center of the display device, as shown in an exemplary embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, A represents the user's position, which is directly opposite the center of the display device. When the user views the display device from position A, the viewing distance L1 for viewing the filter unit in the center of the display panel is less than the viewing distance L2 for viewing the filter units on both sides of the display panel, and the viewing distance increases sequentially from the center of the display panel to both sides. The inventors of this application have discovered through research that the smaller the viewing distance, the larger the size of the black matrix 211 needs to be to completely block the shearing process of the grating 21. Figure 7 As shown, the size of the black matrix 211 can be set to gradually increase from the center of the display panel towards the edge. The first size S1 is smaller than the second size S2, and the second size S2 is smaller than the third size S3. By setting the size of the black matrix 211 in advance according to the viewing distance, the adjustment range can be smaller when the size of the black matrix 211 needs to be adjusted later, which can improve the adjustment speed of the black matrix 211.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the correspondence between the user's viewing distance and the size of the black matrix 211 can be preset. After the eye-tracking device detects the distance between the user and the display device, the size of the black matrix 211 at different positions on the display panel can be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the user does not see screen flickering.

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the distance relationship between the user and the display device in an exemplary embodiment. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the distance between the user's pupils is Pd, the sub-pixel size of the display panel is Px, the user's viewing distance in the direction perpendicular to the display device is L, the placement height of the grating is H1, and the sub-pixel size Px can be the sum of the size of a single filter unit and the size of the black matrix 211. Figure 8 The dimensions of a single filter unit 222 and the half-mast black matrix 211 located on both sides of the filter unit 222 are indicated. Based on the relationship of similar triangles, the following formulas (1) and (2) can be obtained:

[0058] Px / Pd=H1 / (H1+L) (1)

[0059] Px / d2=L / (H1+L) (2)

[0060] Combining formulas (1) and (2) above, we can obtain the following formulas (3) and (4):

[0061] d2= Px*Pd / ( Pd-Px) (3)

[0062] H1= L*Px / ( Pd-Px) (4)

[0063] For the first width d1 of grating 21 and the second width d2 of grating slit, we have formula (5):

[0064] d1 = 2 * d2 (5)

[0065] Taking an 11-inch display panel in a display device as an example, the optimal viewing distance L is about 500 millimeters (mm), the sub-pixel size Px is about 92.13 micrometers (um), and the grating placement height H1 is about 1.065mm. Combining formulas (3) to (5), we can calculate that d2 is about 184.52um.

[0066] For an 11-inch display panel, the size S of the black matrix is ​​approximately 12µm. The following section considers the size fluctuation of the black matrix under different influencing factors.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum error of the eye-tracking accuracy A of the human eye-tracking device is approximately 5 mm. When the eye-tracking accuracy A reaches its maximum error, the maximum offset distance X of the grating is X = A*h / L = 7.1 μm, where h represents the equivalent distance of light propagation and is related to the refractive index of the grating layer. When the refractive index of the grating layer is 1.5, h = H1 / 1.5. When the grating is offset, the position of the image seen by the human eye through the grating slit fluctuates. The fluctuation Y1 caused by the maximum offset distance X of the grating is Y1 = X*L / (L+h) = 7.1 μm, which exceeds half the size S of the black matrix.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the range of the human eye pupil size B is approximately 2.5 mm to 4 mm. Taking B as 4 mm as an example, the fluctuation value of the black matrix caused by the pupil size is Y2 = B*h / (L+h) = 5.67 μm.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the grating is generally formed by mask exposure. The maximum value of the precision deviation C of the grating slit in an 11-inch display panel is about 4 μm. The fluctuation value of the black matrix caused by the process deviation of the grating is Y3 = C / 2 * L / (L + h) = 2 μm.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the eye-tracking device has a delay time E, the maximum error of which is about 15 milliseconds (ms). Based on the conventional human eye translation speed of 0.0691° / ms, the delay angle is about 1.0365°, and the corresponding human eye movement distance is about 500×tan(1.0365°)=9.046156mm. The fluctuation value of the black matrix caused by the delay time E of the eye-tracking device can be obtained as Y4=E*h / (L+h)=12.83um.

[0071] Based on the above analysis, under the aforementioned influencing factors, the maximum fluctuation value of the black matrix size of an 11-inch display panel is Z = 2 * Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + Y4 = 34.7 μm. After rounding, we can see that the adjustable range of the black matrix size of an 11-inch display panel is at least greater than 35 μm.

[0072] In addition, other factors can cause fluctuations in the black matrix value. For example, after the eye-tracking device determines the position of the human eye, if the distance the grating slit moves is small, the impact on the actual display effect is limited because the size of the grating slit is small (about 4um). In this case, the size of the black matrix can be adjusted to adjust the actual display effect. This can be designed in conjunction with specific products, and will not be elaborated here.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, in conjunction with the above-described... Figure 7The description indicates a relationship between the user's viewing distance L and the size of the black matrix; the smaller the viewing distance L, the larger the required size of the black matrix 211. Table 1, using an 11-inch display panel as an example, lists the correspondence between viewing distance L and the size of the black matrix. The values ​​in Table 1 can be combined with the fluctuation values ​​of the black matrix to design the variable range of the black matrix size.

[0074] Table 1

[0075]

[0076] When designing the black matrix size for display panels of other sizes, you can refer to the above design for the fluctuation value of the black matrix and the relationship between the viewing distance L and the size of the black matrix for an 11-inch display panel, which will not be repeated here.

[0077] This disclosure also provides a 3D display method applied to the 3D display device described above; comprising: determining a human eye position based on a signal from an eye-tracking device; and, if the human eye position changes, determining a target position of a grating based on the changed human eye position; the target position of the grating is configured such that light from a backlight passes through the grating slits of the grating panel and reaches the user's left and right eyes respectively after passing through a first type of filter unit and a second type of filter unit of the display panel; adjusting the size of a black matrix in the plane of the display panel according to the current position of the grating and the target position, using the black matrix to block the adjustment process of the grating from the current position to the target position so that the adjustment process of the grating position is not perceived by the human eye; and adjusting the position of the grating according to the target position.

[0078] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A 3D display device, characterized by comprising: The display panel comprises a black matrix and a plurality of filter units; the plurality of filter units comprises a first type of filter unit and a second type of filter unit, light rays of the first type of filter unit are arranged for a user's left eye to view, and light rays of the second type of filter unit are arranged for a user's right eye to view; An eye tracking device is arranged to detect a human eye position; A grating panel comprises a plurality of gratings, and adjacent gratings have grating slits therebetween; the grating panel is located on one side of the display panel and is arranged to adjust positions of the plurality of gratings according to the human eye position, so that light rays from a backlight source pass through the grating slits and then pass through the first type of filter unit and the second type of filter unit to reach the user's left eye and right eye respectively; The black matrix is arranged to adjust its size in the plane of the display panel according to positions of the gratings before and after adjustment, so as to shield the adjustment process of the positions of the gratings and make the adjustment process of the positions of the gratings not be perceived by the human eye. In a direction perpendicular to the display device, a distance between opposite side surfaces of the grating and the filter unit is a first height; the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and in the plane of the display panel, a size of the sub-pixel is a sum of sizes of a single filter unit and a black matrix located between adjacent filter units; 2. The 3D display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The grating panel adjusts the positions of the plurality of gratings according to the human eye position, comprising: The grating panel adjusts the positions of the plurality of gratings according to the first height, the size of the sub-pixel and the human eye position, so that light rays from the backlight source pass through the grating slits, the first type of filter unit and the second type of filter unit to reach the user's left eye and right eye in the current position. The human eye position comprises a viewing distance of the user in the direction perpendicular to the display device and a distance between pupils of the user's two eyes.

3. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The grating panel comprises oppositely arranged upper and lower substrates and a grating liquid crystal layer arranged between the upper and lower substrates; the first height is a distance between the grating liquid crystal layer and the opposite side surfaces of the filter unit, and the grating panel adjusts the positions of the gratings by controlling light transmission of the grating liquid crystal layer.

4. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The black matrix adjusts its size in the plane of the display panel according to positions of the gratings before and after adjustment, comprising:

5. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The black matrix adjusts its size in the plane of the display panel according to a sum of positions of the gratings before and after adjustment and a grating offset distance caused by an error of eye tracking precision of the eye tracking device. The black matrix adjusts its size in the plane of the display panel according to a sum of positions of the gratings before and after adjustment and a fluctuation value of the size of the black matrix caused by a pupil size of the user.

6. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The black matrix adjusts its size in the plane of the display panel according to a sum of positions of the gratings before and after adjustment and a fluctuation value of the size of the black matrix caused by a pupil size of the user. The black matrix adjusts its size in the plane of the display panel according to a sum of positions of the gratings before and after adjustment and a fluctuation value of the size of the black matrix caused by a pupil size of the user.

7. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, ​ The black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the positions of the grating before and after adjustment and fluctuation values of the size of the black matrix caused by process deviation of the grating.

8. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the positions of the grating before and after adjustment, comprising: The black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane according to the positions of the grating before and after adjustment and fluctuation values of the size of the black matrix caused by delay time of the human eye tracking device.

9. The 3D display apparatus of claim 2, wherein, In a direction perpendicular to the display device, the black matrix comprises oppositely arranged light-shielding common electrodes, a plurality of light-shielding electrodes, and a light-shielding liquid crystal layer between the light-shielding common electrodes and the plurality of light-shielding electrodes; the black matrix adjusts its size in the display panel plane by controlling the light transmission of the light-shielding liquid crystal layer.

10. The 3D display apparatus according to claim 9, wherein The display panel comprises an array substrate and a color film substrate arranged in a cell, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the array substrate and the color film substrate; the black matrix and the plurality of filter units are arranged on the color film substrate.

11. The 3D display apparatus of claim 1, wherein, In a direction from the center to the edge of the display panel, the size of the black matrix in the display panel plane gradually decreases.

12. A 3D display method, characterized by, The application is applied to the 3D display device as claimed in any one of claims 1-11; comprising: The human eye position is determined according to the signal from the human eye tracking device, and in the case that the human eye position changes, the target position of the grating is determined according to the changed human eye position; the target position of the grating is arranged to make the light from the backlight pass through the grating slit of the grating panel, and after passing through the first type of filter unit and the second type of filter unit of the display panel, respectively reach the left eye and the right eye of the user; The size of the black matrix in the display panel plane is adjusted according to the current position and the target position of the grating, and the adjustment process of the grating from the current position to the target position is shielded by the black matrix, so that the adjustment process of the position of the grating is not perceived by the human eye; The position of the grating is adjusted according to the target position.

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