A waterproof gasket

Abstract

The application discloses a waterproof gasket, which comprises a gasket body and anchoring legs, the gasket body has an extrusion end and an anchoring end embedded in a pipe piece, and the anchoring end is provided with anchoring legs on both sides; a through hole is arranged in the gasket body along a cross section of the gasket body, the through hole comprises an upper layer through hole arranged close to the extrusion end, a middle layer through hole arranged between the extrusion end and the anchoring end, and a lower layer through hole arranged close to the anchoring end. The application has the advantages that the application can reduce the risk of corner lifting of the gasket body under the action of water pressure, ensure the integrity of the waterproof area, and improve the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket; stress concentration in a local area caused by excessive pressure can be avoided, finally, the space in the hole is fully utilized when the waterproof gasket is compressed, the compression resistance and the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket are effectively improved, the overall waterproof performance and the durability of the waterproof gasket are improved, and the secondary waterproof effect is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waterproof gaskets, in particular to a waterproof gasket. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of urban economy and the increase of economic investment of provinces and cities, more and more subway tunnels are built in major cities across the country. Shield method has the characteristics of small environmental impact, fast excavation speed and high automation, and is the main construction technology of subway tunnel and an important construction technology of traffic tunnel in China. Due to the existence of a large number of annular and longitudinal gaps between the shield tunnel segments, the segment joint has always been a weak link in the waterproof of shield tunnel. Although the waterproof structure of setting rubber sealing gasket in the groove is generally used for waterproof, the sealing gasket is either too large in assembly pressure and difficult to construct on site, and even may crack the segment, or the sealing gasket is insufficient in contact stress and may leak water.

[0003] Joint leakage is still a common disease in shield tunnel, which not only increases the cost of tunnel operation and maintenance in later period, but also endangers the safety of tunnel structure due to the erosion of water. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the construction performance, it is very important for the operation safety of shield tunnel to strengthen the water stopping ability of the joint of shield tunnel. At present, in the field of engineering technology, the waterproof of segment joint mostly uses single-component EPDM (internal open through hole) sealing gasket or top lap EPDM (internal open through hole) sealing gasket with water-swelling rubber. The waterproof mechanism is that EPDM is an incompressible elastic material, and when the segments are spliced, several through holes set inside EPDM are compressed and collapsed, and the contact stress generated by the resilience of EPDM resists water pressure to play a waterproof role. However, this method can play a certain role in waterproof of segment joint sealing gasket, but from the design idea, the existing sealing gasket has the following problems:

[0004] 1. Existing adhesive-based waterproofing gaskets are not securely fixed, leading to water leakage at the tunnel segment connections during use. For example, Chinese invention patent CN116291609A proposes a rear-mounted embedded gasket. While it uses embedded feet and adhesive to improve the gasket's fixing strength, adhesive aging is a significant issue during actual construction. Under prolonged water immersion, the adhesive may gradually lose its adhesiveness, reducing the gasket's fixing effect. Furthermore, ensuring uniform adhesive application during construction can result in insufficient local adhesion, causing the gasket to shift or lift after tunnel segment installation, creating localized seepage channels. Especially during tunnel operation, factors such as ground subsidence or train vibration can subject the gasket to repeated loads, further increasing the risk of adhesive peeling. Therefore, this adhesive-based fixing method has low reliability in long-term use and fails to meet the high standards of waterproofing and sealing required in tunnel engineering.

[0005] 2. Existing water-stop sealing gaskets feature circular holes. While these holes provide significant support under pressure to resist deformation, they also prevent the gasket from deforming completely, hindering a tighter fit between tunnel segments. For example, Chinese utility model patent CN211370436U discloses a non-embedded segment sealing gasket with circular holes. Although this provides some support, this structure has limitations in practical use. First, the circular holes result in high overall rigidity under axial compression, making it difficult to deform and thus unable to fully fill the tiny gaps in the segment joints, affecting the sealing effect. Second, due to the complex construction environment of shield tunnels, misalignment between segments is inevitable. If the gasket's deformation capacity is insufficient, it cannot effectively adapt to these errors, potentially leading to incomplete closure of some joints. Furthermore, with long-term operation, changes in temperature, humidity, and load can cause the gasket to age and harden, further reducing its ability to adapt to deformation and increasing the risk of leakage. Therefore, while circular hole structures can provide support in certain situations, their impact on the overall deformation adaptability of the gasket needs further optimization.

[0006] 3、Currently, some anchor-type sealing gaskets, such as the Chinese utility model patent document with publication number CN218150918U, disclose an anchor-type shield tunnel joint elastic sealing gasket, which can effectively prevent water from forming a seepage path at the contact surface between the sealing gasket and the pipe piece, and improve the overall waterproof effect of the shield tunnel. However, under the long-term erosion of water, its sealing performance is limited. First, such sealing gaskets are usually connected with the pipe piece by pre-buried or mechanical anchoring, which can avoid the problem of insecure fixation of adhesive sealing gaskets, but in the long-term operation process, due to the aging effect of the sealing gasket material itself, the anchoring structure may loosen or partially fail. In addition, under high water pressure, the contact interface between the sealing gasket and the pipe piece is easily eroded by water, causing the sealing layer to gradually thin, thereby reducing the overall sealing performance. Another key problem is that such sealing gaskets usually use elastic materials such as EPDM or other high-molecular rubber, which can provide good waterproof sealing effect at the beginning, but over time, under long-term stress, the rubber material may experience fatigue damage or creep deformation, thereby affecting the overall sealing performance of the sealing gasket. Therefore, how to further improve the long-term durability and water erosion resistance of the sealing gasket on the basis of the anchoring structure is an important direction for optimization of this type of technology.

[0007] 4、Some sealing gaskets use additional reinforcing structures to enhance their resistance to deformation, such as the Chinese invention patent document with publication number CN110318778A, which discloses a sealing gasket that reduces friction deformation by adding reinforcing materials inside the sealing gasket. However, this type of structure improves the anti-deformation ability of the sealing gasket to some extent, but also has certain limitations. First, the arrangement of the reinforcing material may cause the local stiffness of the sealing gasket to increase, which may cause local deformation concentration when subjected to uneven pressure, affecting the overall adaptability of the sealing gasket. Second, since the main function of the sealing gasket is to form a flexible sealing barrier between the pipe pieces, the presence of reinforcing materials may weaken the local flexibility of the sealing gasket, making it less adaptable to complex deformation conditions. In addition, the introduction of reinforcing structures usually increases the complexity of the production process, leading to an increase in manufacturing costs, and may affect the installation convenience of the sealing gasket. Therefore, how to improve the overall anti-deformation ability of the sealing gasket without affecting its local flexibility and sealing adaptability is a key optimization for the design of this type of reinforced sealing gasket.

[0008] 5. Some existing sealing gaskets employ asymmetrical structures. For example, Chinese invention patent document CN114294027A proposes an asymmetrical waterproof sealing gasket that optimizes the sealing effect by adjusting the structure on the water-facing side. However, this type of design may suffer from uneven gasket deformation under specific water pressure conditions, leading to an increased risk of localized leakage. The advantage of an asymmetrical structure is its ability to optimize the sealing effect for situations with higher water pressure on one side. However, during actual tunnel operation, the direction of water pressure may change with groundwater flow, potentially causing the sealing gasket to exhibit different sealing effects under different operating conditions. Furthermore, asymmetrical designs typically imply more complex manufacturing processes and higher precision requirements, thereby increasing production costs and the difficulty of quality control. Therefore, while this type of sealing gasket can provide better sealing performance under certain conditions, its applicability and long-term stability still require further research and optimization.

[0009] 6. Some gaskets incorporate a friction-reducing material layer to reduce misalignment between segments. For example, Chinese invention patent publication CN110284909A proposes a scheme involving adding a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) friction-reducing material layer to the gasket surface. While this design reduces frictional resistance, the properties of the friction-reducing material mean it may peel or age under long-term stress, affecting the gasket's stability and waterproofing performance. Especially under long-term high water pressure, the friction-reducing layer may gradually detach due to water erosion, leading to a decrease in sealing performance. Therefore, this type of technology still requires optimization to improve durability and stability.

[0010] In summary, existing technologies for shield tunnel sealing gasket design still have many shortcomings, mainly including weak fixing methods, limited sealing performance, insufficient long-term durability, and limitations in structural optimization. Therefore, to address these issues, further optimization of the sealing gasket's structural design is needed to improve its overall waterproof performance and durability. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to improve the overall waterproof performance and durability of waterproof gaskets.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0013] A waterproof gasket includes a gasket body and anchoring legs. The gasket body has a compression end and an anchoring end embedded in a pipe segment. An anchoring legs are respectively provided on both sides of the anchoring end. The gasket body has through holes along its cross-section. The through holes include an upper through hole near the compression end, a middle through hole between the compression end and the anchoring end, and a lower through hole near the anchoring end.

[0014] The upper layer through hole includes two first through holes and two second through holes, the first through hole is arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and close to the central axis, the second through hole is arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and away from the central axis, the first through hole is in a quadrangular arc shape, and the second through hole is in a half star shape and the star shape structure is arranged towards the first through hole; the spacing H between the top surface of the first through hole and the end surface of the extrusion end is 1-2 mm;

[0015] The middle layer through hole includes three third through holes and two fourth through holes, one third through hole is coaxially arranged with the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body, the other two third through holes are arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and close to the middle third through hole, and the fourth through hole is arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and away from the central axis; the third through hole is in a quadrangular arc shape, and the fourth through hole is in a hexagonal arc shape.

[0016] The lower layer through hole includes two fifth through holes and two sixth through holes, the fifth through hole is arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and close to the central axis, and the sixth through hole is arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and away from the central axis; the fifth through hole and the sixth through hole are both in an inclined arc shape, the height of the sixth through hole is higher than that of the fifth through hole, and the height difference h is 1-2 mm.

[0017] The arc of the top and bottom two corners of the first through hole is greater than the arc of the top and bottom two corners of the third through hole.

[0018] The end surface of the extrusion end of the gasket body is further provided with a water-swelling rubber block.

[0019] The application can maximize the risk of the gasket body corner lifting under the action of water pressure, ensure the integrity of the waterproof area, prevent waterproof failure, improve the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, avoid stress concentration in the local area due to excessive pressure, and finally make the space in the hole fully utilized when the waterproof gasket is compressed, thereby effectively improving the compression resistance and sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, and further improving the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket.

[0020] Meanwhile, by arranging the water-swelling rubber block, the waterproof gasket has the elastic water-stopping function and the water-swelling dual function, so that the rubber block swells when water is encountered under the condition of a large opening amount, achieving the secondary waterproof effect of the waterproof gasket.

[0021] Preferably, the anchoring end and the anchoring leg of the gasket body are prefabricated together with the segment.

[0022] Preferably, the end of the anchoring leg away from the gasket body is circular.

[0023] Preferably, the bottom surface of the fifth through hole and the sixth through hole is parallel to the end surface of the gasket body anchoring end.

[0024] Preferably, the first through hole and the third through hole are vertically staggered.

[0025] Preferably, the third through hole and the fifth through hole are vertically staggered.

[0026] Preferably, the waterproof gasket is a rubber gasket.

[0027] Preferably, the anchoring leg is made of rubber material.

[0028] Preferably, the curvature of the top corner end of the first through hole is the same as the curvature of the bottom corner end, and the curvature of the left corner end is the same as the curvature of the right corner end.

[0029] Preferably, the curvature of the top corner end of the third through hole is the same as the curvature of the bottom corner end, and the curvature of the left corner end is the same as the curvature of the right corner end.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0031] 1. The second through hole is in a half-star shape, which is mainly designed to complement the four-corner arc-shaped hole of the third through hole. Through the change of relative position, the deformation of the through hole in this area can be effectively promoted, and the sealing gasket can be uniformly compressed under the action of water pressure, so that the through hole in this part is completely closed. Through the cooperation of the second through hole and the third through hole, the risk of the gasket body corner being raised under the action of water pressure can be minimized. The design of the half-star and the four-corner arc-shaped hole under the action of water pressure can help the corner of the gasket body to maintain good adhesion, avoid the problem of raising caused by uneven compression, ensure the integrity of the waterproof area, and prevent waterproof failure, thereby improving the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket.

[0032] 2. The curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole is greater than that of the third through hole, which helps to make the stress more uniform, thereby reducing local stress concentration, ensuring smoother closure of the hole, avoiding sealing failure due to uneven compression, making the first through hole more effectively closed when subjected to pressure from the adjacent waterproof gasket, thereby improving the compression adaptability of the waterproof gasket, and also making the contact stress between the two waterproof gaskets uniformly distributed, avoiding stress concentration in local areas due to excessive pressure, and ultimately making the waterproof gasket fully utilize the space in the hole when compressed, thereby effectively improving the compression resistance and sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, and further improving the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket.

[0033] 3. By incorporating water-swellable rubber blocks, the waterproof gasket possesses both elastic water-stopping and water-swelling functions. Under conditions of greater opening, the rubber blocks expand upon contact with water, achieving a secondary waterproofing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is an installation diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the compression amount and compression force of Embodiment 1 of the present invention with those of the prior art;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the joint opening and seepage pressure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention with those of the prior art.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the joint opening and maximum contact stress of Embodiment 1 of the present invention with those of the prior art.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a simulation effect diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 These are simulation renderings of existing technologies.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In the present application, unless specifically and explicitly defined otherwise, the terms "first", "second" are used only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless specifically and explicitly defined otherwise.

[0045] Embodiment one

[0046] With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present embodiment discloses a waterproof gasket, which is a rubber gasket, comprising a gasket body 1 and an anchoring leg 2, the gasket body 1 has an extrusion end and an anchoring end which can be embedded into a pipe piece 3, the anchoring end is provided with an anchoring leg 2 on both sides, the gasket body 1 is provided with a through hole along its cross section, the through hole comprises an upper layer through hole arranged near the extrusion end, a middle layer through hole arranged between the extrusion end and the anchoring end, and a lower layer through hole arranged near the anchoring end.

[0047] The anchoring end of the gasket body 1 and the anchoring leg 2 are embedded in the concrete mortar of the pipe piece 3 during pouring, and after the concrete mortar solidifies, the anchoring end of the gasket body 1 and the anchoring leg 2 are fixed in the concrete pipe piece, and form an integral whole with the pipe piece 3, which not only overcomes the defects of poor controllability of traditional rubber elastic sealing gasket, easy displacement or falling during construction extrusion, but also effectively prevents water from flowing out from the water seepage path between the contact surface of the waterproof gasket and the pipe piece 3, significantly improving the overall waterproof ability of the tunnel.

[0048] Further, the end of the anchoring leg 2 away from the gasket body 1 is circular, which increases the contact area between the waterproof gasket and the pipe piece 3, prolongs the water seepage path, and effectively improves the waterproof performance of the waterproof gasket.

[0049] The upper layer through hole includes two first through holes 11 and two second through holes 12, the first through holes 11 are arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body 1 and close to the central axis, the second through holes 12 are arranged symmetrically along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body 1 and away from the central axis, the first through holes 11 are in a quadrangular arc shape, wherein the curvature of the top corner end is the same as that of the bottom corner end, and the curvature of the left corner end is the same as that of the right corner end, the second through holes 12 are in a half star shape and the star shape structure is arranged towards the first through holes 11, and the distance H between the top surface of the first through hole 11 and the second through hole 12 and the end face of the extrusion end is 1-2 mm. The arrangement of the upper layer through hole is optimized according to the stress condition of the waterproof gasket, and the position is repeatedly verified through finite element simulation analysis to ensure that effective deformation and sealing performance can be achieved under the action of water pressure in actual application. The distance H between the top surface of the first through hole 11 and the second through hole 12 and the end face of the extrusion end is set to 1-2 mm, which can not only ensure effective compression but also avoid excessive deformation, and ensure the waterproof performance and structural safety of the waterproof gasket. If the value of H is too large, it is not conducive to the effective compression of the hole position, which may lead to insufficient deformation of the waterproof gasket and affect the waterproof effect; if the value of H is too small, it may lead to excessive deformation of the hole, affecting the compression adaptability of the waterproof gasket, and then affecting the sealing performance and the overall structure of the waterproof gasket. Therefore, through repeated verification and optimization, this accurate range is obtained.

[0050] The middle layer through hole includes three third through holes 13 and two fourth through holes 14, one third through hole 13 is coaxially arranged with the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body 1, the other two third through holes 13 are symmetrically arranged with the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body and close to the middle third through hole 13, and the fourth through holes 14 are symmetrically arranged along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body 1 and away from the central axis, the third through holes 13 are in a quadrangular arc shape, and the curvature of the top corner end is the same as that of the bottom corner end, and the curvature of the left corner end is the same as that of the right corner end, and the fourth through holes 14 are in a hexagonal arc shape.

[0051] In the embodiment, the second through hole 12 is arranged in a half star shape mainly to form a complement with the quadrangular arc shaped hole of the third through hole 13. By arranging the two hole shapes relative to each other, the deformation of the through hole in this area can be effectively promoted by changing the relative position, so that the sealing gasket can be uniformly compressed under the action of water pressure, and then the through hole in this part can be completely closed. Through the cooperation of the second through hole 12 and the third through hole 13, the risk of the corner of the gasket body 1 being raised under the action of water pressure can be minimized. Under the action of water pressure, the design of the half star shape and the quadrangular arc shape can help the corner of the gasket body 1 to maintain good adhesion, avoid the problem of corner lifting caused by uneven compression, and ensure the integrity of the waterproof area to prevent waterproof failure.

[0052] In this embodiment, the main purpose of the first through-hole 11 with a quadrilateral arc shape is to match the pressure of the adjacent waterproof gasket, so that the waterproof gasket can achieve more uniform deformation when stressed, preventing the phenomenon of incomplete closure and ensuring that the corner does not lift under water pressure. Compared with the third through-hole 13, the shape of the first through-hole 11 is more suitable for forming a suitable deformation closure under certain stress (such as water pressure side force), and better adapts to the overall deformation needs of the waterproof gasket.

[0053] The third through-hole 13 with a quadrilateral arc shape mainly serves to cooperate with the first through-hole 11 to form a set of easily deformable through-hole structures. The third through-hole 13, together with the first through-hole 11 and the second through-hole 12, constitutes the deformation structure of the gasket body 1. Through the cooperation of the third through-hole 13 with other holes, it helps the gasket body 1 to close more uniformly under water pressure, ensuring that the deformation of the entire waterproof gasket is within a certain range to improve the sealing performance, especially under water pressure side force, the third through-hole 13 can effectively disperse the pressure to avoid excessive local stress.

[0054] Among them, the arc of the top and bottom two corners of the first through-hole 11 is greater than the arc of the top and bottom two corners of the third through-hole 13. This setting is based on the results of detailed analysis and simulation of the deformation behavior of the waterproof gasket under compression force and water pressure in actual application. By increasing the arc of the top and bottom two corners of the first through-hole 11, it helps to make the stress more uniform, thereby reducing local stress concentration, ensuring smoother closure of the hole, avoiding sealing failure due to uneven compression, so that the first through-hole 11 can be more effectively closed when subjected to pressure from adjacent waterproof gaskets, thereby improving the compression adaptability of the waterproof gasket. At the same time, it also makes the contact stress between the two waterproof gaskets pressed against each other evenly distributed, avoiding stress concentration in local areas due to excessive pressure, ultimately making the waterproof gasket fully utilize the space inside the hole when compressed, thereby effectively improving the compression resistance and sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, and further improving the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket.

[0055] Therefore, there is a difference in shape and function between the first through-hole 11 and the third through-hole 13. The first through-hole 11 is more focused on deformation closure under water pressure, while the third through-hole 13 shares stress in a synergistic manner to promote more uniform compression and closure.

[0056] In addition, the traditional circular hole will concentrate in the central area of the hole when under pressure, which may cause excessive deformation and affect the long-term stability of the gasket. In this embodiment, the fourth through hole 14 is arranged in a hexagonal arc shape. Compared with the traditional circular hole, first, the hexagonal arc-shaped fourth through hole 14 can more evenly distribute the stress during compression, making the deformation process more gradual, thereby slowing down the subsequent excessive deformation and avoiding premature material fatigue or failure. Second, the hexagonal arc-shaped fourth through hole 14 can achieve better deformation control, unlike the circular hole which is prone to stress concentration. The design of this geometry can control the deformation of the hole during compression, effectively inhibit stress concentration, meet the design requirements, and avoid excessive or uneven deformation, thereby increasing the service life of the waterproof gasket. Third, the synergistic effect of the hexagonal arc-shaped fourth through hole 14 and the third through hole 13 enables the hole structure in this part to provide greater support during compression, effectively resisting compression deformation. When the first through hole 11 above is under pressure, the fourth through hole 14 will generate appropriate contact stress and play an auxiliary compression role, thereby further enhancing the waterproof effect and preventing water pressure from causing water seepage problems.

[0057] The lower layer through hole includes two fifth through holes 15 and two sixth through holes 16. The bottom surface of the fifth and sixth through holes is parallel to the end surface of the gasket body anchoring end. The fifth through hole 15 is symmetrically arranged along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body 1 and is close to the central axis. The sixth through hole 16 is symmetrically arranged along the vertical central axis of the cross section of the gasket body 1 and is away from the central axis. The fifth through hole 15 and the sixth through hole 16 are both in a diagonal arch shape. The height of the sixth through hole 16 is higher than that of the fifth through hole 15, and the height difference h is 1-2 mm. Specifically, the fifth through hole 15 and the sixth through hole 16 serve as the bottom support holes of the gasket body 1, and their deformation processes are different. When the sixth through hole 16 is subjected to top pressure, it deforms first, and then the fifth through hole 15 deforms immediately after reaching a certain degree of deformation to ensure that it can gradually provide resistance to deformation later. Here, we introduce the concept of hierarchical buffering. If the fifth through hole 15 and the sixth through hole 16 are arranged at the same height, the entire lower layer through hole will be subjected to extrusion deformation at the same time, which cannot achieve the purpose of gradual deformation later to gradually provide resistance to deformation.

[0058] Further, the first through hole 11 and the third through hole 13 are vertically staggered, and the third through hole 13 and the fifth through hole 15 are vertically staggered.

[0059] In this embodiment, the waterproof gasket is compared with the sealing gasket in the prior art (Chinese Utility Model Patent No. CN218150918U) through finite element simulation:

[0060] The following are the results of the sealing gasket's closing compression force, seepage pressure, and maximum contact stress when the gasket is compressed to different positions during finite element numerical simulation analysis. Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the optimal sealing gasket 1 is obtained by screening and calculating the route map, wherein sealing gasket 1 is the waterproof gasket in this application, and sealing gasket 2 is the sealing gasket in the prior art (Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN218150918U).

[0061] from Figure 3 It can be seen that when the compression reaches 18mm, the compression force required for sealing gasket 2 reaches 195kN / m, exceeding the shield tunneling jack assembly force of 125kN / m, while the compression force required for sealing gasket 1 when the compression reaches 18mm is less than 125kN / m. From Figure 4 As can be seen, when the joint opening is 5mm, the seepage pressure of sealing gasket 2 is 1.4MPa, which is greater than the waterproof requirement of 1.3MPa, while the seepage pressure of sealing gasket 1 is 2.5MPa, which is far greater than the waterproof requirement of 1.3MPa. Figure 5 As shown, the gasket contact stress-joint opening curve is obtained, from... Figure 5 As can be seen from the simulation, when the opening of the gasket at the segment joint is 0, the maximum contact stress of gasket 1 is 3.6 MPa, which is significantly greater than the maximum contact stress of gasket 2 (2.5 MPa). The simulation results are as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown.

[0062] The above comparison shows that, for the same compression amount, the sealing gasket 1 requires less compression force, and for the same joint opening amount, the sealing gasket 1 has better water seepage pressure. When the joint sealing gasket opening amount is 0, the maximum contact stress of the sealing gasket 1 is greater. Therefore, the waterproofing ability of the sealing gasket 1 is better than that of the sealing gasket 2. Thus, the waterproof gasket in this embodiment meets the engineering requirements and has a better effect among similar anchoring sealing gaskets.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] To further reduce the water seepage effect of the waterproof gasket, please refer to Figure 8 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, an inverted triangular water-swellable rubber block 4 is further provided on the end face of the extrusion end of the gasket body 1. The hardness of this rubber block is lower than that of the gasket body 1. Currently, the composite sealing gaskets used in shield tunnel joints in China mainly embed water-swellable rubber blocks into the contact surface of non-expandable rubber sealing gaskets and are formed by microwave vulcanization. Therefore, combining the functions of water-swellable and non-expandable rubber, the waterproof gasket in this embodiment has both elastic water-stopping function and water-swellable dual function, so that under a large opening condition, the rubber block 4 expands when it comes into contact with water, achieving a secondary waterproofing effect for the waterproof gasket.

[0065] Therefore, the short-term waterproof of the shield tunnel relies on the compression of the waterproof gasket, but the long-term waterproof performance mainly relies on the expansion of the rubber block. The waterproof process includes two stages. The first stage is the waterproof stage when the waterproof gasket is compressed, and the second stage is the secondary waterproof stage caused by the expansion of the rubber block.

[0066] It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, and that the present application can be implemented in other particular forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein and are part of the application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0067] The above-described embodiments are merely exemplary implementations of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A waterproof gasket, characterized in that: It includes a gasket body and anchor legs. The gasket body has a compression end and an anchor end embedded in the segment. An anchor legs are provided on both sides of the anchor end. The gasket body has through holes along its cross-section. The through holes include an upper through hole near the compression end, a middle through hole between the compression end and the anchor end, and a lower through hole near the anchor end. The upper through hole includes two first through holes and two second through holes. The first through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set close to the central axis. The second through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set away from the central axis. The first through holes are in the shape of a quadrangular arc, and the second through holes are in the shape of a semi-star with the star-shaped structure facing the direction of the first through hole. The distance H between the top surface of the first and second through holes and the end face of the extrusion end is 1-2mm. The middle layer through-hole includes three third through-holes and two fourth through-holes. The central axis of one third through-hole is coaxial with the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body. The other two third through-holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are close to the middle third through-hole. The fourth through-holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are far from the central axis. The third through-holes are in the shape of a quadrangular arc and the fourth through-holes are in the shape of a hexagonal arc. The lower through holes include two fifth through holes and two sixth through holes. The fifth through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set close to the central axis. The sixth through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set away from the central axis. Both the fifth and sixth through holes are oblique arched. The height of the sixth through hole is higher than the height of the fifth through hole, and the height difference h is 1-2mm. The curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole is greater than that of the top and bottom corners of the third through hole; The end face of the extrusion end of the gasket body is also provided with a rubber block that expands when exposed to water.

2. The waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring end and anchoring leg of the gasket body are prefabricated together with the tunnel segment.

3. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the anchor legs that are away from the gasket body are rounded.

4. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surfaces of the fifth and sixth through holes are parallel to the end face of the anchoring end of the gasket body.

5. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and third through holes are vertically staggered.

6. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third and fifth through holes are vertically staggered.

7. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof gasket is a rubber gasket.

8. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring legs are made of rubber.

9. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the top corner of the first through hole is the same as that of the bottom corner, and the curvature of the left corner is the same as that of the right corner.

10. A waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the top corner of the third through hole is the same as that of the bottom corner, and the curvature of the left corner is the same as that of the right corner.

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