Power battery heat dissipation device for passenger car and use method of power battery heat dissipation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a power battery heat dissipation device for a passenger car and a use method thereof.The power battery heat dissipation device comprises an upper reinforcing frame, a lower reinforcing frame, an upper protective shell, a lower protective shell, a moving table used for moving an external heat dissipation assembly, and a power battery heat dissipation assembly arranged on the moving table, the external heat dissipation assembly is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the moving table and comprises a driving frame, a traction rod, a liquid cooling plate, a guide rail, a guide assembly, a moving groove, a supporting wheel and an adjusting assembly. The external heat dissipation assembly flexibly moves through the mobile station, it is ensured that the liquid cooling plate is accurately aligned with the gaps of the battery pack, efficient heat dissipation is achieved, the internal heat dissipation protection assembly provides all-directional protection for the battery cells, meanwhile, the cooling plate is used for primary heat dissipation, and the guide assembly and the adjusting assembly are combined, so that the moving precision and stability of the heat dissipation assembly are improved; the using method is clear in step and simple and convenient to operate, can quickly respond to the heat dissipation requirement in the quick charging process, and ensures safe operation of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power battery heat dissipation, and specifically relates to a heat dissipation device for power batteries of buses and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] The power battery for buses is one of the core components of electric vehicles. It converts electrical energy into kinetic energy required for the vehicle to run to drive the motor. The following is a detailed analysis of the power battery for buses: There are various types of power batteries for buses, mainly including lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary polymer lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, etc. Lithium iron phosphate battery: Advantages: High energy density, good safety, long cycle life and environmental protection. Its chemical properties are very stable and it will not catch fire or explode, which is suitable for the bus market. Disadvantages: Compared with other types of batteries, its energy density may be slightly lower, but it is still constantly improving. Ternary polymer lithium battery: Advantages: Higher energy density and superior cycle performance, suitable for the passenger car market. Disadvantages: The cost may be relatively high, and there may be certain safety risks under high temperature or extreme conditions. Nickel-metal hydride battery: Advantages: Strong reliability and long life. Disadvantages: Low energy density and gradually being phased out. The power battery for buses usually consists of a battery box (large box, small box), a high-voltage box, heat management accessories, and high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses, etc. Among them, the battery box is the main carrier of the power battery, used to protect and fix the battery cells; the high-voltage box is responsible for the voltage control and protection of the battery pack; the heat management accessories are used to ensure that the battery pack works within an appropriate temperature range; the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses are responsible for the electrical connection between the battery pack and external devices.

[0003] Existing bus power batteries do face a series of challenges in thermal control management during fast charging. The following is a detailed description of these issues: The curb weight of the bus power battery is an important consideration. Since the bus itself needs to carry passengers and goods, the curb weight of the power battery is restricted, which directly affects the design and performance of the thermal control device. Under the limited weight, the thermal control device needs to balance the requirements of lightweight and efficient heat dissipation, making its design and manufacture more complex. To ensure the safety of the power battery during fast charging, the thermal control management system needs to strictly control the charging voltage and current. When the battery temperature rises, to avoid the risk of thermal runaway, the system usually reduces the charging power, thus limiting the charging speed and efficiency. This limitation not only affects the travel experience of passengers but also may lead to an extension of the charging time and a reduction in energy utilization efficiency. During fast charging, the power battery generates a large amount of heat. Due to the sealing and structural limitations of the battery pack, these heats are easily accumulated inside the battery pack, resulting in an increase in the battery temperature. High temperature not only affects the performance and life of the battery but also may trigger safety risks such as thermal runaway. During fast charging, although the vehicle is in a stopped state, due to the enclosure and safety requirements of the power battery, it is usually not possible to directly use external devices for auxiliary heat dissipation. This makes the heat dissipation of the battery pack mainly rely on the internal thermal control device and heat dissipation structure, further increasing the difficulty and cost of heat dissipation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A heat dissipation device for a bus power battery includes:

[0005] An upper reinforcement frame, a lower reinforcement frame, an upper protective shell and a lower protective shell, the upper reinforcement frame and the lower reinforcement frame are mutually matched, and the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell are mutually matched;

[0006] A mobile platform for moving an external heat dissipation component;

[0007] An external heat dissipation component is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the mobile platform. Among them: The external heat dissipation component includes a driving frame, a traction rod, a liquid cooling plate, a guide rail, a guiding component, a moving groove, a supporting wheel and an adjusting component. The driving frame is rotatably inserted at the top of the outer wall of the mobile platform, the traction rod is slidably arranged at the top of the outer wall of the driving frame, the moving groove is opened at the axis of the top of the outer wall of the traction rod, the guide rail is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the lower reinforcement frame, the supporting wheel is slidably embedded in the inner wall of the moving groove, the supporting wheel is mutually matched with the concave groove at the bottom of the outer wall of the liquid cooling plate, the 2, the guiding component is arranged on the outer wall of the driving frame, and the adjusting component is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the traction rod;

[0008] A heat dissipation protection component is provided inside, which is arranged on the outer walls of the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell, wherein: the protection component includes a limiting slide rail, a release cylinder, a cooling plate, a sealing cover, a side plate, a side frame, a battery cell, a sliding sleeve and a protective shell; the limiting slide rail is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the side frame, the release cylinder is fixedly arranged on the outer wall edge of the upper protective shell, the output end of the release cylinder is fixedly arranged on the outer wall edge of the lower protective shell, the sliding sleeve is fixedly arranged on the top edge of the outer wall of the lower reinforcement frame, the sliding sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting slide rail, the side plates are embedded in the inner wall of the battery cell at intervals, the protective shell is wrapped and arranged on the outer wall of the battery cell, the sealing cover is embedded at the top of the inner wall of the protective shell, the sealing cover is attached to the top of the outer wall of the battery cell, the cooling plate is sleeved on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell, and the space formed by the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell matches the protective shell.

[0009] Furthermore, the guide assembly includes a traction head, a guide rod and a support spring.

[0010] Furthermore, the traction head is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of one end of the traction rod, the guide rod is rotatably inserted on both sides of the outer wall of the traction head, one end of the support spring is fixedly arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the traction head, and the other end of the support spring is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guide rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the traction head and the guide rail match each other, a protrusion is provided at the axis of the bottom of the outer wall of the traction head, and a traction groove is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the guide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a moving motor, a screw rod, a driven gear ring, a driving gear, an angle motor and a lifting hydraulic rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the movable motor is fixedly arranged at the outer wall of one end of the driving frame, the screw rod is fixedly arranged at the center of the outer wall of the output end of the movable motor, and the screw rod is threadedly connected to the outer wall opening of the traction frame.

[0014] Furthermore, the driven gear ring is sleeved on the protruding end of the bottom outer wall of the traction frame, the driving gear is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the output end of the angle motor, the driven gear ring and the driving gear are meshingly connected, and the angle motor is fixedly arranged on the bottom outer wall of the traction frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom end of the lifting hydraulic rod is rotatably inserted at the top of the outer wall of the moving platform, and the top end of the lifting hydraulic rod is rotatably inserted at the bottom center of the outer wall of the traction frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid cooling plate is connected to an external cooling circulation device through a hose, and the liquid cooling plate, the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell match each other.

[0017] A method for using a power battery heat dissipation device for a passenger car, which is applied to the power battery heat dissipation device for a passenger car described in any one of the above, includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. First, the passenger car equipped with the power battery is moved to the charging station, and the upper strengthening frame, the lower strengthening frame, the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell are inspected to confirm that there is no interference or deformation.

[0019] S2. The mobile platform is aligned with the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell, and then the release cylinder is started, so that the lower strengthening frame slowly descends under the action of the limiting slide rail through the sliding sleeve. At this time, the lower strengthening frame drives the lower protective shell to slowly descend, so that a gap is generated on the side of the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell, and the gap matches the liquid cooling plate.

[0020] S3. The mobile platform is fixed on the ground by the universal wheel brakes at the bottom, and then the angle motor is started. Through the driving gear, the driven gear ring is driven to rotate, and then the traction rod and the liquid cooling plate are driven to rotate to ensure that the liquid cooling plate is aligned with the gap generated on the side of the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell. Then the lifting hydraulic rod is started to ensure that the liquid cooling plate and the gap are in the same plane.

[0021] S4. The mobile motor is started to drive the screw rod to rotate, and the liquid cooling plate on the supporting wheel is driven by the traction rod. At this time, the traction head is inserted into one end inner wall of the expanded guide rail, and the guide rod is expanded by the supporting spring to facilitate the movement of the traction head along the guide rail and improve the movement accuracy. Then the supporting wheel slides along the moving groove. When the liquid cooling plate moves to the inside of the lower protective shell, the limited supporting wheels are stacked along the moving groove.

[0022] S5. When fast charging starts, heat exchange is carried out on the heat generated by the battery cells through the cooling plate and the side plate to reduce the temperature. When a large amount of heat continues to be generated during fast charging, the liquid cooling plate is started, and the heat dissipation of the battery cells is completed through an external high-power liquid cooling device to reduce the heat generated during fast charging.

[0023] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] The peripheral heat dissipation component moves flexibly through the mobile platform to ensure that the liquid cooling plate is accurately aligned with the battery pack gap, realizing efficient heat dissipation. The internal heat dissipation protection component provides comprehensive protection for the battery cells, and at the same time uses the cooling plate for preliminary heat dissipation. The combination of the guiding component and the adjustment component improves the movement accuracy and stability of the heat dissipation component. The usage method has clear steps and is easy to operate, can quickly respond to the heat dissipation requirements during fast charging, and ensures the safe operation of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A perspective view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 An enlarged schematic view of A of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A perspective view of the support wheel of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A perspective view of the driven gear ring of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A perspective view of the upper protective shell of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 An exploded perspective view of the protective shell of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, upper strengthening frame; 2, lower strengthening frame; 3, upper protective shell; 4, lower protective shell; 5, moving platform; 6, driving frame; 7, towing rod; 8, liquid cooling plate; 9, guide rail; 10, support wheel; 11, moving motor; 12, lead screw; 13, driven gear ring; 14, driving gear; 15, angle motor; 16, limiting slide rail; 17, release cylinder; 18, cooling plate; 19, sealing cover; 20, side plate; 21, side frame; 22, battery cell; 23, sliding sleeve; 24, protective shell; 501, lifting hydraulic rod; 701, towing head; 702, guide rod; 703, support spring; 704, moving groove; 901, towing groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 7 : A heat dissipation device for a power battery of a passenger car, comprising:

[0036] Upper reinforcement frame 1, lower reinforcement frame 2, upper protective shell 3 and lower protective shell 4, the upper reinforcement frame 1 and the lower reinforcement frame 2 match each other, the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4 match each other, a mobile station 5, for moving a peripheral heat dissipation component, the peripheral heat dissipation component is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the mobile station 5, wherein: the peripheral heat dissipation component includes a driving frame 6, a traction rod 7, a liquid cooling plate 8, a guide rail 9, a guiding component, a moving groove 704, a supporting wheel 10 and an adjusting component, the driving frame 6 is rotatably inserted at the top of the outer wall of the mobile station 5, the traction rod 7 is slidably arranged at the top of the outer wall of the driving frame 6, the moving groove 704 is opened at the axis of the top of the outer wall of the traction rod 7, the guide rail 9 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the lower reinforcement frame 2, the supporting wheel 10 is slidably embedded in the inner wall of the moving groove 704, the supporting wheel 10 matches the concave groove at the bottom of the outer wall of the liquid cooling plate 8, 2, the guiding component is arranged on the outer wall of the driving frame 6, the adjusting component is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the traction rod 7, and a heat dissipation protection component is arranged on the outer walls of the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4, wherein: the protection component includes a limiting slide rail 16, a release cylinder 17, a cooling plate 18, a sealing cover 19, a side plate 20, a side frame 21, a battery cell 22, a sliding sleeve 23 and a protective shell 24, the limiting slide rail 16 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the side frame 21, the release cylinder 17 is fixedly arranged at the edge of the outer wall of the upper protective shell 3, the output end of the release cylinder 17 is fixedly arranged at the edge of the outer wall of the lower protective shell 4, the sliding sleeve 23 is fixedly arranged at the top edge of the outer wall of the lower reinforcement frame 2, the sliding sleeve 23 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting slide rail 16, the side plate 20 is spaced and embedded in the inner wall of the battery cell 22, the protective shell 24 is wrapped around the outer wall of the battery cell 22, the sealing cover 19 is embedded at the top of the inner wall of the protective shell 24, the sealing cover 19 fits on the top of the outer wall of the battery cell 22, the cooling plate 18 is sleeved on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell 24, the space formed by the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4 matches the protective shell 24, the guiding component includes a traction head 701, a guiding rod 702 and a supporting spring 703, the traction head 701 is fixedly arranged at one end of the outer wall of the traction rod 7, the guiding rod 702 is rotatably inserted on both sides of the outer wall of the traction head 701, one end of the supporting spring 703 is fixedly arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the traction head 701, the other end of the supporting spring 703 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guiding rod 702, the traction head 701 matches the guide rail 9, a protrusion is arranged at the axis of the bottom of the outer wall of the traction head 701, and a traction groove 901 is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of the guide rail 9, the adjusting component includes a moving motor 11, a lead screw 12, a driven gear ring 13, a driving gear 14, an angle motor 15 and a lifting hydraulic rod 501, the moving motor 11 is fixedly arranged at one end of the outer wall of the driving frame 6, the lead screw 12 is fixedly arranged at the center of the output end of the moving motor 11, the lead screw 12 is threadedly connected to the opening of the outer wall of the traction frame 7, the driven gear ring 13 is sleeved on the protruding end at the bottom of the outer wall of the traction frame 7, the driving gear 14 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the angle motor 15,The driven gear ring 13 is meshed with the driving gear 14 for transmission connection, the angle motor 15 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the traction frame 7, the bottom end of the lifting hydraulic rod 501 is rotatably inserted at the top of the outer wall of the mobile platform 5, and the top end of the lifting hydraulic rod 501 is rotatably inserted at the center of the bottom of the outer wall of the traction frame 7. The liquid cooling plate 8 is connected to the external cooling circulation device through a hose, and the liquid cooling plate 8, the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4 match each other. The height is adjustable and flexible: through the lifting hydraulic rod 501, the height of the external heat dissipation component (such as the liquid cooling plate 8) can be easily adjusted to adapt to different installation environments or the size of the battery pack. The combination of the motor 15, the driven gear ring 13 and the driving gear 14 allows the angle of the traction rod 7 (and the liquid cooling plate 8 connected thereto) to be adjusted to ensure optimal heat dissipation effect and adaptability, with high heat dissipation efficiency: the liquid cooling plate 8, as the main heat dissipation element, is connected to the external cooling circulation device through a hose, and can effectively absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the battery. The cooling plate 18 in the internal heat dissipation protection assembly further enhances the heat dissipation effect, ensuring the stability of the battery pack temperature, and the protection mechanism is perfect: the upper protective shell 3, the lower protective shell 4 and the protective shell 24 provide multiple protections for the battery pack to prevent external impact and damage, release the cylinder 17 and limit the slide rail 16. The combination of the sliding sleeve 23 allows the protective shell to be quickly opened or closed in an emergency for maintenance or emergency treatment. Easy maintenance and operation: The peripheral heat dissipation component is conveniently moved through the mobile platform 5, the drive frame 6, and the traction rod 7 structure, which is convenient for installation, commissioning and maintenance. The design of the guide component ensures the smooth sliding of the traction rod 7 on the guide rail 9, reducing the difficulty and error of operation. Heat dissipation function: The liquid cooling plate 8 and the external cooling circulation device are used to continuously absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the battery pack to prevent the battery from overheating. The cooling plate 18 provides additional heat dissipation support on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell 24 to ensure that the battery pack can be used under extreme conditions. The temperature under the parts is stable. Protection function: the upper protective shell 3, the lower protective shell 4 and the protective shell 24 together form a solid protective layer to prevent the battery pack from external impact and damage. The side plate 20 provides additional support and protection between the battery cells 22 to prevent the battery cells from being damaged by vibration or collision. Adjustment function: the lifting hydraulic rod 501 and the angle motor 15 allow the height and angle of the peripheral heat dissipation components to be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different working environments and heat dissipation requirements. The combination of the mobile motor 11 and the screw 12 realizes the precise movement of the traction rod 7 (and the liquid cooling plate 8 connected to it) on the guide rail 9, which is convenient for adjusting the heat dissipation position. ,

[0037] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7: A method for using a power battery heat dissipation device for a passenger car, which is applied to a power battery heat dissipation device for a passenger car in any one of the above, includes the following steps: S1. First, the passenger car equipped with a power battery moves to a charging station, and inspections of the upper strengthening frame 1, the lower strengthening frame 2, the upper protective shell 3, and the lower protective shell 4 are completed to confirm that there is no interference or deformation; S2. The moving platform 5 is aligned with the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4, and then the release cylinder 17 is started, so that the lower strengthening frame 2 slowly descends under the action of the limiting slide rail 16 through the sliding sleeve 23. At this time, the lower strengthening frame 2 drives the lower protective shell 4 to slowly descend, causing a gap to be generated on the side edges of the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4, and the gap matches the liquid cooling plate 8; S3. The moving platform 5 is fixed on the ground by the universal wheel brakes at the bottom, and then the angle motor 15 is started. Through the driving gear 14, the driven gear ring 13 is driven to rotate, and then the traction rod 7 and the liquid cooling plate 8 are driven to rotate to ensure that the liquid cooling plate 8 is aligned with the gap generated on the side edges of the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4. Then, the lifting hydraulic rod 501 is started to ensure that the liquid cooling plate 8 and the gap are in the same plane; S4. The moving motor 11 is started to drive the screw rod 12 to rotate, and the liquid cooling plate 8 on the supporting wheel 10 is driven by the traction rod 7. At this time, the traction head 701 is inserted into the inner wall of one end of the expanded guide rail 9, and the guide rod 702 is expanded by the supporting spring 703 to facilitate the movement of the traction head 701 along the guide rail 9 and improve the movement accuracy. Then, the supporting wheel 10 slides along the moving groove 704. When the liquid cooling plate 8 moves to the inside of the lower protective shell 4, the limiting supporting wheel 10 stacks along the moving groove 704;S5. When fast charging starts, heat generated by the battery cell 22 is exchanged through the cooling plate 18 and the side plate 20 to reduce the temperature. When a large amount of heat continues to be generated during fast charging, the liquid cooling plate 8 is activated, and heat dissipation of the battery cell 22 is completed through an external high-power liquid cooling device, reducing the heat generated during fast charging. High efficiency and precision with rapid response: Through a series of orderly steps, this method can quickly install and adjust the heat dissipation device to the optimal working state, ensuring that the power battery can be timely heat-dissipated and protected during the bus charging process. Precise alignment: By using the angle motor 15, the driving gear 14, and the driven gear ring 13 assembly, the position and angle of the liquid cooling plate 8 can be precisely adjusted to perfectly match the gap between the upper protective shell 3 and the lower protective shell 4, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. Moving precision: Through the moving motor 11, the lead screw 12, and the traction rod 7 assembly, the liquid cooling plate 8 can be smoothly moved. At the same time, by using the support spring 703 and the guide rod 702 structure, the precision and stability during the moving process are ensured. Multiple protections: This method provides multiple protections for the power battery through the upper protective shell 3, the lower protective shell 4, and the protective shell 24 assembly, preventing external impacts and damages. At the same time, during the heat dissipation process, through the combined action of the cooling plate 18 and the liquid cooling plate 8, the safe operation of the battery is further ensured. Stable heat dissipation: The liquid cooling plate 8 can continuously absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the battery through an external high-power liquid cooling device, ensuring the stability of the temperature of the battery pack during fast charging. Emergency treatment: In case of an emergency, the protective shell 24 can be quickly opened or closed through the release cylinder 17 assembly for maintenance or emergency treatment, improving the safety and reliability of the entire heat dissipation device. Highly adjustable: Through the lifting hydraulic rod 501 assembly, the height of the liquid cooling plate 8 can be conveniently adjusted to adapt to different installation environments or the sizes of battery packs. Easy to operate: Each step in this method is relatively simple and clear, easy for operators to understand and master. At the same time, through the moving platform 5 and the universal wheel assembly, the heat dissipation device can be conveniently moved and fixed, improving the operation convenience. Strong adaptability: This heat dissipation device and method are not only applicable to fast charging scenarios but can also be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to meet the heat dissipation requirements under different working conditions.;

[0038] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power battery cooling device for a bus, characterized in that: include: An upper reinforcement frame (1), a lower reinforcement frame (2), an upper protective shell (3) and a lower protective shell (4), wherein the upper reinforcement frame (1) and the lower reinforcement frame (2) match each other, and the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4) match each other; A moving platform (5) for moving the peripheral heat dissipation component; An external heat dissipation component is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the mobile platform (5), wherein: the external heat dissipation component includes a driving frame (6), a traction rod (7), a liquid cooling plate (8), a guide rail (9), a guide component, a movable groove (704), a support wheel (10) and an adjustment component, the driving frame (6) is rotatably inserted at the top of the outer wall of the mobile platform (5), the traction rod (7) is slidably arranged at the top of the outer wall of the driving frame (6), the movable groove (704) is opened at the axis of the top of the outer wall of the traction rod (7), the guide rail (9) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the lower reinforcement frame (2), the support wheel (10) is slidably inserted at the inner wall of the movable groove (704), the support wheel (10) and the concave groove at the bottom of the outer wall of the liquid cooling plate (8) match each other, the guide component is arranged at the outer wall of the driving frame (6), and the adjustment component is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the traction rod (7); A heat dissipation protection component is provided inside and is arranged at the outer wall of the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4), wherein: the protection component comprises a limiting slide rail (16), a release cylinder (17), a cooling plate (18), a sealing cover (19), a lateral plate (20), a lateral frame (21), a battery cell (22), a sliding sleeve (23) and a protective shell (24); the limiting slide rail (16) is fixedly arranged at the outer wall of the lateral frame (21); the release cylinder (17) is fixedly arranged at the outer wall edge of the upper protective shell (3); the output end of the release cylinder (17) is fixedly arranged at the outer wall edge of the lower protective shell (4); the sliding sleeve (23 ) is fixedly arranged at the top edge of the outer wall of the lower reinforcement frame (2), the sliding sleeve (23) is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the limiting slide rail (16), the lateral plate (20) is embedded in the inner wall of the battery cell (22) at intervals, the protective shell (24) is wrapped and arranged on the outer wall of the battery cell (22), the sealing cover (19) is embedded in the top of the inner wall of the protective shell (24), the sealing cover (19) is attached to the top of the outer wall of the battery cell (22), the cooling plate (18) is sleeved on both sides of the outer wall of the protective shell (24), and the space formed by the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4) matches the protective shell (24).

2. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly comprises a traction head (701), a guide rod (702) and a support spring (703).

3. A power battery cooling device for a passenger car as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The traction head (701) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of one end of the traction rod (7); the guide rod (702) is rotatably inserted on both sides of the outer wall of the traction head (701); one end of the support spring (703) is fixedly arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the traction head (701); and the other end of the support spring (703) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guide rod (702).

4. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The traction head (701) and the guide rail (9) match each other. The traction head (701) is provided with a protrusion at the axis of the bottom of the outer wall, and a traction groove (901) is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the guide rail (9).

5. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly comprises a moving motor (11), a screw rod (12), a driven gear ring (13), a driving gear (14), an angle motor (15) and a lifting hydraulic rod (501).

6. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The movable motor (11) is fixedly arranged at the outer wall of one end of the driving frame (6), the screw rod (12) is fixedly arranged at the center of the outer wall of the output end of the movable motor (11), and the screw rod (12) is threadedly connected to the outer wall opening of the traction frame (7).

7. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The driven gear ring (13) is sleeved on the protruding end of the bottom of the outer wall of the traction frame (7), and the driving gear (14) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the output end of the angle motor (15). The driven gear ring (13) and the driving gear (14) are meshingly connected to each other in a transmission manner, and the angle motor (15) is fixedly arranged on the bottom of the outer wall of the traction frame (7).

8. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom end of the lifting hydraulic rod (501) is rotatably inserted at the top of the outer wall of the moving platform (5), and the top end of the lifting hydraulic rod (501) is rotatably inserted at the bottom center of the outer wall of the traction frame (7).

9. A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid cooling plate (8) is connected to an external cooling circulation device via a hose, and the liquid cooling plate (8), the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4) match each other.

10. A method for using a power battery heat dissipation device for a bus, characterized in that: A power battery cooling device for a bus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: S1. First, the bus with the power battery installed is moved to the charging station, and the upper reinforcement frame (1), the lower reinforcement frame (2), the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4) are inspected to confirm that there is no interference or deformation; S2, the moving platform (5) is aligned with the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4), and then the release cylinder (17) is started, so that the lower reinforcement frame (2) passes through the sliding sleeve (23) and slowly descends under the action of the limiting slide rail (16). At this time, the lower reinforcement frame (2) drives the lower protective shell (4) to slowly descend, so that a gap is generated between the sides of the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4), and the gap matches the liquid cooling plate (8); S3, the mobile platform (5) is fixed on the ground through the universal wheel brake at the bottom, and then the angle motor (15) is started to drive the driven gear ring (13) to rotate through the driving gear (14), and then the traction rod (7) and the liquid cooling plate (8) are driven to rotate to ensure that the liquid cooling plate (8) is aligned with the gap formed by the sides of the upper protective shell (3) and the lower protective shell (4), and then the lifting hydraulic rod (501) is started to ensure that the liquid cooling plate (8) and the gap are in the same plane; S4, start the moving motor (11), drive the screw rod (12) to rotate, use the traction rod (7) to drive the liquid cooling plate (8) on the support wheel (10) to move, at this time, the traction head (701) is inserted into the inner wall of one end of the expanded guide rail (9), and the support spring (703) is used to drive the guide rod (702) to expand outward, so as to facilitate the movement of the traction head (701) along the guide rail (9) and improve the movement accuracy, and then the support wheel (10) slides along the moving groove (704). When the liquid cooling plate (8) moves to the inside of the lower protective shell (4), the support wheel (10) with limited position is stacked along the moving groove (704); S5. When fast charging starts, heat generated by the battery cell (22) is heat exchanged through the cooling plate (18) and the side plate (20) to reduce the temperature. When fast charging continues to generate a large amount of heat, the liquid cooling plate (8) is started to dissipate heat for the battery cell (22) through an external high-power liquid cooling device to reduce the heat generated by fast charging.

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