Height-adaptive corn castration machine head unit

Abstract

The invention provides a height-adaptive corn castration machine head unit, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, the height-adaptive corn castration machine head unit comprises a castration support and a control module, the castration support is fixedly provided with two castration discs, the castration support comprises a support hydraulic cylinder and a light sensation support rod hydraulic cylinder, the front end of the castration support is also provided with a reflector mechanism and a light sensation probe mechanism, and the light sensation support rod hydraulic cylinder is provided with a light sensation support rod. The light sensing probe mechanism can detect the height of corn tassels and send a signal to the control module, and the control module automatically adjusts the height of the castration disc by controlling stretching and retracting of the support hydraulic cylinder. The light sensing probe can measure the height of the corn tassels and send a signal to the control module, the control module adjusts the relative height of the castration roller and the corn tassels by controlling stretching and retracting of the support hydraulic cylinder, and therefore castration operation of the corn tassels with different heights in different areas can be conveniently achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit. Background Art

[0002] When cross-pollinating different varieties of corn, the tassels of selected corn plants are removed, leaving only the female flowers so that they can be pollinated with pollen from other varieties.

[0003] The traditional method of detasseling is to manually remove the male ears. With the development of technology, mechanical detasseling machines have been developed to remove male ears from corn seed plants. However, existing detasseling machines generally have adaptability problems. Different varieties of corn have different plant heights, stem thicknesses, male ear sizes and positions, and existing detasseling machines are difficult to meet diverse needs; there are problems with detasseling effects. Some detasseling machines are difficult to accurately remove male ears; there are efficiency problems. The detasseling machine works slowly, and the drive mechanism mostly runs at a constant speed, making it difficult to complete large-scale operations in a short period of time. When the vehicle runs at a low speed, the rapid movement of the rollers can easily damage the leaves. When the vehicle runs at a high speed, speed mismatch can easily affect the extraction rate; there are also problems with light interference. The photoelectric detection mechanism will be interfered with during periods of strong light, which can easily cause malfunctions.

[0004] The utility model patent with patent number CN222284231U discloses a semi-automatic tassel removal device for corn breeding, which can firmly clamp the tassel by setting a clamping assembly, using a sliding plate to drive two push rods to move, and then using the two push rods to drive a clamp ring to clamp and fix the tassel through multiple moving rods. However, the height of the tassels of corn plants varies. When performing the tassel removal operation, the device can only manually adjust the height, which is inconvenient to operate, and the tassel removal efficiency is low and the removal rate is low. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit.

[0006] The invention discloses a highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit, comprising a detasseling bracket and a control module. Two detasseling disks are fixedly mounted on the detasseling bracket. The detasseling bracket comprises a bracket hydraulic cylinder and a light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder. A reflector mechanism and a light-sensing probe mechanism are further arranged at the front end of the detasseling bracket. The light-sensing probe mechanism can detect the height of corn male ears and send a signal to the control module. The control module automatically adjusts the height of the detasseling disk by controlling the extension and contraction of the bracket hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the detasseling support includes a support base, one end of which is fixedly mounted on the detasseling machine, and the other end of which is fixedly mounted with a support vertical plate, and the support vertical plate is movably mounted with a support upper connecting rod, a support lower connecting rod, and a support hydraulic cylinder from top to bottom through a pin shaft;

[0008] Further, the cylinder barrel portion of the support hydraulic cylinder is movably connected to the support vertical plate, the hydraulic rod portion is movably connected to the support lower connecting rod through a pin shaft, and the other ends of the support upper connecting rod and the support lower connecting rod are movably connected to the connecting rod vertical plate through a pin shaft;

[0009] Further, a light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder is movably installed on the upper part of the other side of the connecting rod vertical plate through a pin shaft, a light-sensing support rod is movably installed on the middle part of the connecting rod vertical plate through a pin shaft, a hydraulic rod of the light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder is movably connected to the middle part of the light-sensing support rod through a pin shaft, and a first detasseling disk mounting rod and a second detasseling disk mounting rod are fixedly installed on the lower part of the connecting rod vertical plate;

[0010] Furthermore, a light-sensing support beam is fixedly installed at the end of the light-sensing support rod, a reflector mechanism is fixedly installed at one end of the light-sensing support beam, and a light-sensing probe mechanism is fixedly installed at the other end;

[0011] Further, the detasseling disk includes a detasseling disk support plate, a blade motor is fixedly installed on the upper front end of the detasseling disk support plate, an output shaft of the blade motor extends from the detasseling disk support plate from below, the output shaft is fixedly installed with the detasseling disk blade, a detasseling disk lower bracket is provided at the lower part of the detasseling disk support plate, and a detasseling disk guide plate is fixedly installed on the detasseling disk lower bracket;

[0012] Furthermore, a roller motor is fixedly installed on the upper part of the rear end of the detasseling disc support plate, and a pair of rollers are fixedly installed on the lower part, one of which is used as an active roller and can be driven to rotate by the roller motor, and the other roller is acted on by the friction force of the active roller and moves in the opposite direction to the active roller;

[0013] Further, a detasseling disc mounting base is fixedly provided at the rear end of the detasseling disc support plate, which is used to fix the detasseling disc on the first detasseling disc mounting rod and the second detasseling disc mounting rod; a guide plate mounting rod is fixedly installed below the rear end of the detasseling disc support plate, and a roller guide plate is fixedly installed at the end of the guide plate mounting rod;

[0014] Furthermore, the reflector mechanism includes a reflector leg, a reflector base is fixedly mounted at the end of the reflector leg, and a plurality of reflectors are fixedly mounted on the reflector base;

[0015] Furthermore, the photosensitive probe mechanism includes a photosensitive support leg, a photosensitive mounting box is fixedly installed at the end of the photosensitive support leg, a photosensitive baffle is detachably installed at the opening of the photosensitive mounting box, a plurality of photosensitive through holes are provided on the photosensitive baffle, an optical filter is installed on the photosensitive through holes, a plurality of photosensitive probe mounting seats are installed at positions corresponding to the photosensitive through holes inside the photosensitive mounting box, a photosensitive probe is detachably installed on the photosensitive probe mounting seat, and a light transmitter and a light receiver are also provided in the photosensitive probe.

[0016] The light sensing probe of the present invention can measure the height of corn tassels and send a signal to the control module. The control module adjusts the relative height between the detasseling roller and the corn tassel by controlling the extension and contraction of the support hydraulic cylinder, thereby facilitating the detasseling operation of corn tassels of different heights in different regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Shown is the axonometric view of the overall structure of the present invention Figure 2 Shown is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention Figure 3 Shown is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention Figure 4 The figure shows the hydraulic system for lifting and lowering electric proportional control of demaleation of the present invention. Figure 5 The detasseling wheel drive motor control hydraulic system of the present invention is shown Figure 6 Shown is the axonometric view of the overall structure of the demaleation support Figure 7 Shown is an axonometric view of the detasseling machine cutting head Figure 8 Shown is the relative position of the detasseling disc guide plate, detasseling disc blade and roller Fig. 9 Shown is the structural diagram of the reflector mechanism Fig.10 The structure diagram of the light sensor probe mechanism is shown Fig.11 The figure shows the position relationship between the optical probe mechanism and the roller wheel during operation of the present invention. Fig.12 The figure shows the position of the tassel top higher than the light sensing probe mechanism when the present invention is working. Fig.13 The figure shows the position relationship between the optical probe mechanism of the present invention and the roller after the height is automatically raised and the male tassel Fig.14 The figure shows the position of the tassel top lower than the light sensing probe mechanism when the present invention is working. Fig.15 The figure shows the position relationship between the optical probe mechanism of the present invention and the roller after the height is automatically lowered and the male tassel

[0018] In the figure: 1-emasculating support, 101-support base, 102-support vertical plate, 103-support hydraulic cylinder, 104-support upper connecting rod, 105-support lower connecting rod, 106-connecting rod vertical plate, 107-light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder, 108-first emasculating disk mounting rod, 109-second emasculating disk mounting rod, 110-light-sensing support rod, 111-light-sensing support beam, 112-reflector mechanism, 112a-reflector leg, 112b-reflector, 112c-reflector base, 113-light-sensing probe mechanism, 113a-light-sensing leg, 113b-light Sensor mounting box, 113c-light-sensitive baffle, 113d-light-sensitive through hole, 113e-light-sensitive probe, 113f-light-sensitive probe mounting seat, 2-emasculating disk, 201-roller guide plate, 202-guide plate mounting rod, 203-emasculating disk mounting base, 204-roller motor, 205-roller shaft, 206-roller, 207-emasculating disk support plate, 208-blade motor, 209-emasculating disk blade, 210-emasculating disk lower bracket, 211-emasculating disk guide plate, 211a-straw guide plate, 211b-straw gathering plate, 211c-roller guide plate DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the patent of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the patent of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the patent of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the patent of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit includes a detasseling bracket 1, on which two detasseling disks 2 are fixedly mounted, each of which can perform detasseling operations on a ridge-wide corn field. The present invention also includes a control module 3 (not shown), and the module 3 includes a detasseling disk lifting electric proportional control hydraulic system and a detasseling disk motor control hydraulic system.

[0021] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the hydraulic system of the electric proportional control of the detasseling plate lifting is composed of a hydraulic source, a unloading valve group, a proportional valve group and a hydraulic cylinder. The proportional valve and the relief valve constitute a throttling speed control system. By adjusting the proportional solenoid current to change the valve opening, the flow is accurately controlled to adjust the cylinder lifting speed. A three-position four-way reversing valve with a Y-type mid-position function is selected to cooperate with the hydraulic lock to realize the cylinder position locking function to ensure the stability of the operation. The proportional valve dynamically adjusts the valve port flow parameters by receiving the controller PWM signal, so that the system can adapt to the response requirements brought by the change in vehicle travel speed.

[0022] like Figure 5As shown in the figure, the detasseling motor control hydraulic system adopts a load-sensitive pump with pressure compensation, and integrates a pressure cut-off function to avoid external overflow valves. The pump displacement is adjusted by load pressure feedback to achieve single motor flow control. The flow compensation regulating valve adopts a post-valve compensation design. When the external load fluctuates, the output flow is maintained constant through the pressure compensator, so that the flow of multiple motors is distributed according to the valve core opening ratio. Each motor is individually controlled to start and stop through an independent switch valve, and the system high-pressure standby state is used to achieve rapid response, ensuring the coordination and independence of the execution unit actions during the operation.

[0023] like Figure 6 As shown, the demasculinization bracket 1 includes a bracket base 101, one end of the bracket base 101 is fixedly installed on the demasculinization machine by bolts, and the other end of the bracket base 101 is fixedly installed with a bracket vertical plate 102 by bolts, and the bracket vertical plate 102 is movably installed with a bracket upper connecting rod 104, a bracket lower connecting rod 105, and a bracket hydraulic cylinder 103 from top to bottom through a pin shaft. The cylinder barrel part of the bracket hydraulic cylinder 103 is movably connected to the bracket vertical plate 102, and the hydraulic rod part is movably connected to the bracket lower connecting rod 105 through a pin shaft. The other ends of the bracket upper connecting rod 104 and the bracket lower connecting rod 105 are movably connected to the connecting rod vertical plate 106 through a pin shaft.

[0024] The support plate 102, the support upper connecting rod 104, the support lower connecting rod 105 and the connecting rod plate 106 form a movable four-bar linkage. When the support hydraulic cylinder 103 contracts, the connecting rod plate 106 rises; when the support hydraulic cylinder extends, the height of the connecting rod plate 106 decreases.

[0025] A light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder 107 is movably installed on the upper part of the other side of the connecting rod upright plate 106 through a pin shaft, and a light-sensing support rod 110 is movably installed on the middle part of the connecting rod upright plate 106 through a pin shaft. The hydraulic rod of the light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder 107 is movably connected to the middle part of the light-sensing support rod 110 through a pin shaft, and a first detasseling disk mounting rod 108 and a second detasseling disk mounting rod 109 are fixedly installed on the lower part of the connecting rod upright plate 106, which are used to install two detasseling disks 2 respectively, and a light-sensing support beam 111 is fixedly installed on the end of the light-sensing support rod 110, and a reflector mechanism 112 is fixedly installed on one end of the light-sensing support beam 111, and a light-sensing probe mechanism 113 is fixedly installed on the other end.

[0026] When the light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder 107 contracts, the end of the light-sensing support rod 110 rises, and the reflector mechanism 112 and the light-sensing probe mechanism 113 rise; when the light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder 107 extends, the height of the end of the light-sensing support rod 110 decreases, and the height of the reflector mechanism 112 and the light-sensing probe mechanism 113 decreases.

[0027] like Figure 7As shown, the detasseling disk 2 includes a detasseling disk support plate 207, a blade motor 208 is fixedly installed on the upper front end of the detasseling disk support plate 207, the output shaft of the blade motor 208 extends from the detasseling disk support plate 207 from the bottom, and the output shaft is fixedly installed with the detasseling disk blade 209; a detasseling disk lower bracket 210 is provided at the lower part of the detasseling disk support plate 207, and a detasseling disk guide plate 211 is fixedly installed on the detasseling disk lower bracket 210; two roller motors 204 are fixedly installed on the upper rear end of the detasseling disk support plate 207, and two rollers 206 are fixedly installed at the lower part, and the two rollers 206 The rotating shaft 205 is respectively connected to the output shafts of the two roller motors 204, and the roller motor 204 can drive the roller 206 to rotate. When the detasseling operation is performed, the two rollers 206 rotate in opposite directions; a detasseling disk mounting base 203 is fixedly provided at the rear end of the detasseling disk support plate 207, which is used to fix the detasseling disk 2 on the first detasseling disk mounting rod 108 and the second detasseling disk mounting rod 109; a guide plate mounting rod 202 is fixedly installed at the lower rear end of the detasseling disk support plate 207, and a roller guide plate 201 is fixedly installed at the end of the guide plate mounting rod 202.

[0028] like Figure 8 As shown, during the detasseling operation, as the detasseling machine body moves forward, the straw guide plate 211a gathers the straw and makes it enter the area surrounded by the straw gathering plate 211b, and the detasseling disk blade 209 cuts the top of the corn stalk flat, and the cut corn stalk passes through the channel formed by the roller guide plate 211c and enters the working range of the roller 206, and the roller 206 pulls out the male ear at the top of the corn stalk.

[0029] like Fig. 9 As shown, the reflector mechanism 112 includes a reflector leg 112a, a reflector base 112c is fixedly mounted on the end of the reflector leg 112a, and a plurality of reflectors 112b are fixedly mounted on the reflector base 112c.

[0030] like Fig.10 As shown, the light-sensing probe mechanism 113 includes a light-sensing leg 113a, a light-sensing mounting box 113b is fixedly mounted at the end of the light-sensing leg 113a, a light-sensing baffle 113c is detachably mounted at the opening of the light-sensing mounting box 113b, a plurality of light-sensing through holes 113d are arranged on the light-sensing baffle 113c, an optical filter is mounted on the light-sensing through hole 113d, a plurality of light-sensing probe mounting seats 113f are mounted at positions corresponding to the light-sensing through holes 113d inside the light-sensing mounting box 113b, a light-sensing probe 113e is detachably mounted on the light-sensing probe mounting seat 113f, and a light transmitter and a light receiver are simultaneously arranged in the light-sensing probe 113e.

[0031] When working, the transmitter of the light sensor probe 113e emits light, and the light reaches the reflective plate 112b opposite and is reflected. The reflected light penetrates the optical filter installed in the light sensing through hole 113d and is received by the light receiver of the light sensor probe 113e. The optical filter only allows light with the same wavelength as the light of the light transmitter to pass through, which greatly reduces the influence of ambient light on the light sensor receiver.

[0032] The highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit of the present invention first controls the light sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder 107 to adjust the relative height between the light sensing probe mechanism 113 and the roller 206 to a certain height when performing detasseling operation. Fig.11 location.

[0033] If the relative position between the light sensing probe mechanism 113 and the tassel is Fig.12 In the case of the light sensor at point A, the rays emitted by the light sensor are blocked, and the light sensor sends a signal to the control module 3, which controls the support hydraulic cylinder 103 to shrink, so that the light sensor mechanism 113 and the roller 206 are raised at the same time. Fig.13 When in the position shown, the light emitted by the light sensing probe at point A is not blocked, that is, it is just higher than the apex H of the male ear. At this time, the control module 3 receives a signal, the support hydraulic cylinder 103 stops contracting, and the height of the roller 206 is just enough to remove the male ear.

[0034] If the relative position between the light sensing probe mechanism 113 and the tassel is Fig.14 In the case of the light sensor 113 and the light sensor 206, the rays emitted by the light sensor probes at points A and D are not blocked, and the light sensor probes send signals to the control module 3, which controls the support hydraulic cylinder 103 to extend, so that the light sensor probe mechanism 113 and the roller 206 are lowered at the same time. Fig.15 At the position shown, the light emitted by the light sensing probe at point A is just blocked by the tassel apex H. At this time, the control module 3 receives a signal, the support hydraulic cylinder 103 stops extending, and the height of the roller 206 is just enough to remove the tassels.

[0035] The light sensing probe 113e can be freely installed in four light sensing probe mounting bases A, B, C, and D to adapt to the height of male spikes of different types in different regions.

[0036] Through the above steps, the detasseling head unit of the present invention can conveniently perform detasseling operations on corn tassels of different heights in different regions.

[0037] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit, comprising a detasseling support (1) and a module (3, not shown), wherein two detasseling discs (2) are fixedly mounted on the detasseling support (1), and the detasseling support (1) comprises a support hydraulic cylinder (103) and a light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder (107), characterized in that: A reflector mechanism (112) and a light sensing probe mechanism (113) are also provided at the front end of the detasseling support (1). The light sensing probe mechanism (113) can detect the height of the corn tassel and send a signal to the module (3). The module (3) automatically adjusts the height of the detasseling disc (2) by controlling the extension and contraction of the support hydraulic cylinder (103).

2. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detasseling support (1) comprises a support base (101), one end of the support base (101) is fixedly mounted on a detasseling machine, and the other end is fixedly mounted with a support vertical plate (102), and the support vertical plate (102) is movably mounted with a support upper connecting rod (104), a support lower connecting rod (105), and a support hydraulic cylinder (103) from top to bottom through a pin shaft.

3. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder barrel portion of the support hydraulic cylinder (103) is movably connected to the support vertical plate (102), the hydraulic rod portion is movably connected to the support lower connecting rod (105) through a pin shaft, and the other ends of the support upper connecting rod (104) and the support lower connecting rod (105) are movably connected to the connecting rod vertical plate (106) through a pin shaft.

4. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: A light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder (107) is movably mounted on the upper part of the other side of the connecting rod upright plate (106) via a pin shaft, a light-sensing support rod (110) is movably mounted on the middle part of the connecting rod upright plate (106) via a pin shaft, a hydraulic rod of the light-sensing support rod hydraulic cylinder (107) is movably connected to the middle part of the light-sensing support rod (110) via a pin shaft, and a first detasseling disk mounting rod (108) and a second detasseling disk mounting rod (109) are fixedly mounted on the lower part of the connecting rod upright plate (106).

5. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: A light sensing support beam (111) is fixedly mounted on the end of the light sensing support rod (110); a reflector mechanism (112) is fixedly mounted on one end of the light sensing support beam (111), and a light sensing probe mechanism (113) is fixedly mounted on the other end.

6. The highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detasseling disk (2) comprises a detasseling disk support plate (207), a blade motor (208) is fixedly mounted on the upper front end of the detasseling disk support plate (207), an output shaft of the blade motor (208) extends out of the detasseling disk support plate (207) from below, the output shaft is fixedly mounted with a detasseling disk blade (209), a detasseling disk lower bracket (210) is arranged at the lower part of the detasseling disk support plate (207), and a detasseling disk guide plate (211) is fixedly mounted on the detasseling disk lower bracket (210).

7. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: A roller motor (204) is fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the rear end of the detasseling disc support plate (207), and a pair of rollers (206) are fixedly mounted on the lower portion, wherein one roller is used as an active roller and can be driven to rotate by the roller motor (204), and the other roller is subjected to the friction force of the active roller and moves in the opposite direction to the active roller.

8. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: A detasseling disk mounting base (203) is fixedly provided at the rear end of the detasseling disk support plate (207) for fixing the detasseling disk (2) on the first detasseling disk mounting rod (108) and the second detasseling disk mounting rod (109); a guide plate mounting rod (202) is fixedly installed below the rear end of the detasseling disk support plate (207), and a roller guide plate (201) is fixedly installed at the end of the guide plate mounting rod (202).

9. The highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reflector mechanism (112) comprises a reflector leg (112a), a reflector base (112c) is fixedly mounted on the end of the reflector leg (112a), and a plurality of reflectors (112b) are fixedly mounted on the reflector base (112c).

10. A highly adaptive corn detasseling head unit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The light-sensing probe mechanism (113) comprises a light-sensing leg (113a), a light-sensing mounting box (113b) is fixedly mounted on the end of the light-sensing leg (113a), a light-sensing baffle (113c) is detachably mounted on the opening of the light-sensing mounting box (113b), a plurality of light-sensing through holes (113d) are arranged on the light-sensing baffle (113c), an optical filter is mounted on the light-sensing through holes (113d), a plurality of light-sensing probe mounting seats (113f) are mounted at positions corresponding to the light-sensing through holes (113d) inside the light-sensing mounting box (113b), a light-sensing probe (113e) is detachably mounted on the light-sensing probe mounting seat (113f), and a light transmitter and a light receiver are simultaneously arranged inside the light-sensing probe (113e).

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