A ginseng extract and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a ginseng extract and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of natural product extraction, wherein the preparation method of the ginseng extract is combined with the water extraction of lateral roots and the alcohol extraction of stems and leaves, the extraction rate of active ingredients in ginseng is significantly improved, the lateral roots are rich in hydrophilic ginsenoside Rg1, therefore, the water extraction method can maximize the retention of the component, and the stems and leaves contain more fat-soluble ginsenoside Re, which is suitable for high-efficiency extraction by the alcohol extraction method. The method not only overcomes the limitations of single extraction mode, but also adjusts the extraction parameters according to the specific chemical composition of raw materials, so that the best extraction effect can be obtained in each step. Through proportional mixing of the two kinds of extraction liquids, the proportion of active ingredients in the final extract is further optimized, and the overall efficacy and stability of the product are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of natural product extraction, in particular to a ginseng extract and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicinal material that is widely used in health products and medicines due to its rich medicinal value. The active ingredients in ginseng, especially saponins such as Rg1 and Re, have multiple benefits for human health, including antioxidant, anti-fatigue, immune regulation, etc. However, the process of extracting these active ingredients requires precise control of conditions to ensure the quality and purity of the extract. Traditional ginseng extraction methods usually use a single solvent extraction method, which may result in insufficient extraction or damage to certain active ingredients during the extraction process, thereby affecting the quality and efficacy of the final product.

[0003] Currently, existing extraction techniques rely heavily on ginseng main roots, ignoring the potential value of lateral roots and stems and leaves. The cost of obtaining main roots is high, and it causes great damage to ginseng plants, which is not conducive to sustainable use of resources. In addition, existing technologies cannot accurately control the proportion of different active ingredients in the extract. For example, in the preparation of ginseng extract for preventing alcoholic liver damage, it is difficult to accurately control the proportion of saponin Rg1 with liver protection effect and saponin Re with anti-fatigue effect, resulting in unstable product efficacy and difficulty in effectively playing a synergistic role, which cannot accurately meet the needs of target groups.

[0004] In summary, the existing ginseng extract preparation method has deficiencies and cannot meet the demand for specific saponin proportion extract. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that can accurately control the proportion of saponin Rg1 and Re in ginseng extract to improve the medicinal value of ginseng extract and broaden its application field. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a ginseng extract and a preparation method thereof. The method can accurately extract and control the proportion of saponin Rg1 and Re in ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves through step-by-step extraction and gradient mixing techniques, thereby improving the medicinal purity of the extract and making the extract have more specific pharmacological effects.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: on the one hand, a ginseng extract preparation method, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0007] S100, selecting lateral roots and stems and leaves of raw ginseng, and simultaneously crushing and hot air drying the lateral roots and stems and leaves;

[0008] S200, water is added according to the ratio of 1:10-15 of the mass of lateral root extract solution, water bath extraction is carried out, and the extract solution is separated by filtration to obtain lateral root water extract solution rich in ginsenoside Rg1;

[0009] S300, alcohol extraction is carried out on the crushed stems and leaves, ethanol solution is added, and reflux extraction is carried out under the assistance of ultrasonic waves to obtain stem and leaf alcohol extract solution rich in ginsenoside Re;

[0010] S400, the lateral root water extract solution and the stem and leaf alcohol extract solution are concentrated respectively, water and ethanol are removed, the two concentrated solutions are gradient-mixed according to the ratio of ginsenoside Rg1:Re being 1:1.5, and stirring is uniformly carried out to obtain mixed extract solution;

[0011] S500, the mixed extract solution is reduced-pressure concentrated, and is placed in a vacuum drying box to obtain light yellow powder-shaped ginseng extract.

[0012] Further, the S100 hot air drying adopts a segmented temperature control mode, the first stage is dried at 50-55 DEG C for 2-3 hours, and the second stage is dried at 40-45 DEG C until the moisture content is less than or equal to 8%.

[0013] Further, the temperature of the S200 water bath extraction is 60-80 DEG C, and the extraction is carried out for 2-4 hours.

[0014] Further, in the S300, the stem and leaf and the ethanol are added in a volume ratio of 1:5-8, and the concentration of the ethanol solution is 70%-80%.

[0015] Further, in the S300 reflux extraction, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at a frequency of 35-45 kHz and a power of 300-350 W for 20-30 minutes, and then reflux extraction is carried out at 65-70 DEG C for 1.0-1.5 hours.

[0016] Further, in the S400 concentration, the concentration temperature is 45-55 DEG C, and the vacuum degree is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

[0017] Further, the S400 gradient mixing refers to slowly adding 1 / 2 volume of the lateral root water extract solution concentrated solution to the stem and leaf alcohol extract solution concentrated solution according to the ratio of 1:1.5 in terms of ginsenoside Rg content, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then slowly adding the remaining lateral root water extract solution concentrated solution, and continuing to stir for 15-20 minutes until the mixture is uniformly mixed.

[0018] Further, in the S500, the mixed solution is reduced-pressure concentrated at 50-60 DEG C and -0.08--0.10 MPa to a relative density of 1.25-1.30, is transferred into a vacuum drying box, and is dried at a temperature of 40-45 DEG C and a vacuum degree of greater than or equal to 0.09 MPa until the moisture content is less than or equal to 5%.

[0019] In another aspect, a ginseng extract, the ginseng extract has a ratio of ginsenoside Rg1 to ginsenoside Re of 1:1.5, a form of light yellow powder, and a moisture content of less than 5%, wherein the ginsenoside Rg1 plays a hepatoprotective role, the ginsenoside Re plays an anti-fatigue role, and the two components synergistically act on the prevention of alcoholic liver injury.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the ginseng extract and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Firstly, the present application significantly improves the extraction rate of active ingredients in ginseng by adopting a method combining water extraction of lateral roots and alcohol extraction of stems and leaves. The lateral roots are rich in hydrophilic ginsenoside Rg1, so the water extraction method can maximize the retention of this component. The stems and leaves contain more liposoluble ginsenoside Re, which is suitable for efficient extraction by alcohol extraction. This method not only overcomes the limitations of single extraction method, but also adjusts the extraction parameters according to the specific chemical composition of the raw material to ensure the best extraction effect at each step. By mixing the two extraction solutions in a certain proportion, the proportion of active ingredients in the final extract is further optimized, and the overall efficacy and stability of the product are improved.

[0022] Secondly, the present application selects ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves as raw materials, which changes the traditional situation of relying only on main roots. On the one hand, it reduces the overexploitation of ginseng main roots, protects ginseng resources, and is conducive to the sustainable development of ginseng planting industry. On the other hand, it broadens the way of obtaining raw materials and reduces production costs. Through effective utilization of lateral roots and stems and leaves, the maximum development of resources is realized.

[0023] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following specification or can be learned by practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, without creative labor, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 Flow chart of a ginseng extract preparation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present application to achieve the predetermined object, the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0027] A ginseng extract, which contains saponin Rg1 and saponin Re in a ratio of 1:1.5, and has a light yellow powder form and a moisture content of less than 5%, as shown in Figure 1 The preparation method of the ginseng extract comprises the following specific steps:

[0028] S100, selecting the lateral roots and stems and leaves of raw ginseng, and simultaneously crushing and hot air drying the lateral roots and stems and leaves, wherein the hot air drying adopts a segmented temperature control mode, the first stage is 50-55℃ drying for 2-3 hours, and the second stage is 40-45℃ drying until the moisture content is less than 8%;

[0029] S200, adding water in a lateral root to water mass ratio of 1:10-15, and performing water bath extraction at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours, and separating the extraction liquid by filtration to obtain a lateral root water extraction liquid rich in saponin Rg1;

[0030] S300, performing alcohol extraction on the crushed stems and leaves, adding 70%-80% ethanol solution in a stems and leaves to ethanol volume ratio of 1:5-8, and performing reflux extraction under ultrasonic assistance, wherein the reflux extraction is first subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 35-45kHz and a power of 300-350W for 20-30 minutes, and then reflux extraction is performed at 65-70℃ for 1.0-1.5 hours to obtain a stems and leaves alcohol extraction liquid rich in saponin Re;

[0031] S400, separately concentrating the lateral root water extraction liquid and the stems and leaves alcohol extraction liquid, the concentration temperature being 45-55℃, the vacuum degree being -0.08MPa to -0.1MPa, removing water and ethanol, and mixing the two concentrated liquids in a gradient mixing manner according to a saponin Rg1:Re ratio of 1:1.5, i.e., first slowly adding 1 / 2 volume of the lateral root water extraction liquid concentrated liquid to the stems and leaves alcohol extraction liquid concentrated liquid at a saponin Rg content ratio of 1:1.5, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then slowly adding the remaining lateral root water extraction liquid concentrated liquid, and continuing to stir for 15-20 minutes until the mixture is uniform, to obtain a mixed extraction liquid;

[0032] S500, performing vacuum concentration on the mixed extraction liquid, vacuum concentration being performed at 50-60℃ and -0.08 to -0.10MPa to a relative density of 1.25-1.30, and then transferring into a vacuum drying oven, and drying at a temperature of 40-45℃ and a vacuum degree of ≥0.09MPa until the moisture content is less than 5%, to obtain a light yellow powder form ginseng extract.

[0033] Example One

[0034] Raw material processing: 100 g of 2-3 mm diameter side roots and 150 g of stems and leaves at 120 days of growth were selected and crushed, and then dried by hot air drying with segmented temperature control, the first stage being drying at 50°C for 2 hours, and the second stage being drying at 40°C until the moisture content reached 7%;

[0035] Side root water extraction: the dried side roots were placed in a container, 1000 ml of water was added at a side root to water ratio of 1:10, and extraction was carried out in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, with stirring at regular intervals during the extraction process. After the extraction process, the extraction liquid was separated by a filter device to obtain a side root water extract rich in ginsenoside Rg1.

[0036] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: the crushed stems and leaves were placed in a reaction kettle, 750 ml of 70% ethanol solution was added at a stem and leaf to ethanol volume ratio of 1:5, and ultrasonic treatment was carried out at a frequency of 35 kHz and a power of 300 W for 20 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 65°C for 1 hour to obtain a stem and leaf alcohol extract rich in ginsenoside Re.

[0037] Concentration and mixing: the side root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract were transferred to an evaporator, and concentrated under the conditions of a concentration temperature of 45°C and a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa to remove water and ethanol. According to the ratio of ginsenoside Rg1:Re of 1:1.5, 1 / 2 volume of the side root water extract concentrate was slowly added to the stem and leaf alcohol extract concentrate at a ratio of 1:1.5 based on the ginsenoside Rg content, stirred for 10 minutes, and then the remaining side root water extract concentrate was slowly added, and stirring was continued for 15 minutes until the mixture was uniform to obtain a mixed extract.

[0038] Drying of finished product: the mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.25 at 50°C and -0.08 MPa, and then transferred to a vacuum drying oven, and dried at a temperature of 40°C and a vacuum degree of 0.09 MPa until the moisture content was 4% to obtain a pale yellow powder of ginseng extract.

[0039] Implementation effect: the ginseng extract obtained in this example was detected to have a Rg1 content of 5.5%, a Re content of 8.2%, a Rg1 to Re ratio of 1:1.49, a total ginsenoside content of 28.5%, an extract purity of 95.0%, and a moisture content of 4.5%, which indicates that this preparation method can effectively extract high content of ginsenoside components from ginseng side roots and stems and leaves, accurately control the ratio of Rg1 and Re, and has high extract purity and controlled moisture content, which is conducive to product storage and efficacy.

[0040] Example Two

[0041] Material treatment: 120 g of 2-3 mm diameter side roots and 180 g of stems and leaves of 120 days old were taken, crushed and hot air dried, the first stage at 52℃ for 2.5 hours and the second stage at 42℃ until the moisture content was 6%;

[0042] Side root water extraction: 1440 ml of water was added according to the side root to water liquid mass ratio of 1:12, and extracted in a water bath at 70℃ for 3 hours, and the side root water extract was obtained by filtration;

[0043] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: 1080 ml of 75% ethanol solution was added according to the stem and leaf to ethanol volume ratio of 1:6, and then ultrasonic treatment was performed at a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 320 W for 25 minutes, and then reflux extraction was performed at 67℃ for 1.2 hours, and the stem and leaf alcohol extract was obtained;

[0044] Concentration and mixing: the two extracts were concentrated at a concentration temperature of 50℃ and a vacuum degree of -0.09 MPa, and then mixed according to a proportional gradient, 1 / 2 of the side root water extract concentrate was added and stirred for 12 minutes, and then the remaining part was added and stirred for 18 minutes, and the mixed extract was obtained.

[0045] Drying of finished product: the mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 55℃ and -0.09 MPa to a relative density of 1.28, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 42℃ and a vacuum degree of 0.095 MPa until the moisture content was 3.5%, and a pale yellow powder of ginseng extract was prepared.

[0046] Implementation effect: in the ginseng extract of this example, the content of Rg1 was 5.6%, the content of Re was 8.4%, the ratio of Rg1 to Re was exactly 1:1.5, the total saponin content was 29.0%, the purity of the extract reached 95.5%, the moisture content was 3.5%, and the results further verified the reliability and stability of the preparation method of the application, which not only accurately controlled the proportion of key ingredients, but also improved the total saponin content and the purity of the extract, and the low moisture content also helped to prolong the shelf life of the product, and provided a strong guarantee for the effect of preventing alcoholic liver damage.

[0047] Example three

[0048] Material treatment: 150 g of 2-3 mm diameter side roots and 225 g of stems and leaves of 120 days old were taken, crushed and hot air dried, the first stage at 55℃ for 3 hours and the second stage at 45℃ until the moisture content was 5%;

[0049] Side root water extraction: 2250 ml of water was added according to the side root to water liquid mass ratio of 1:15, and extracted in a water bath at 80℃ for 4 hours, and the side root water extract was separated by filtration;

[0050] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: 1800 ml of 80% ethanol solution was added according to the volume ratio of stem and leaf to ethanol of 1:8, and then ultrasonic treatment was performed at a frequency of 45 kHz and a power of 350 W for 30 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 70°C for 1.5 hours to obtain stem and leaf alcohol extract;

[0051] Concentration and mixing: concentration was performed at a concentration temperature of 55°C and a vacuum degree of -0.1 MPa, and during gradient mixing, 1 / 2 of the concentrated solution of the lateral root water extract was first added and stirred for 15 minutes, and then the remaining part was added and stirred for 20 minutes to obtain the mixed extract;

[0052] Drying of finished product: the mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C and -0.1 MPa to a relative density of 1.30, and then dried in a vacuum drying box at 45°C and a vacuum degree of 0.1 MPa to a moisture content of 2% to obtain a pale yellow powder of ginseng extract.

[0053] Implementation effect: the detection results of the extract of this example show that the content of Rg1 is 5.7%, the content of Re is 8.6%, the ratio of Rg1 to Re is 1:1.51, the total saponin content is as high as 29.2%, the purity of the extract is 96.0%, and the moisture content is only 2%, which indicates that within the process parameter range of the present application, the operation of increasing the extraction temperature and prolonging the extraction time can further improve the quality of the extract, make the ratio of key components accurate, increase the total saponin and purity, and low moisture content is more conducive to long-term preservation of the product.

[0054] Example Four

[0055] Raw material treatment: 80 g of lateral roots of raw ginseng with a diameter of 2-3 mm and 120 g of stem and leaf of raw ginseng at the 120th day of growth were selected, crushed and then hot air dried, and the first stage was dried at 51°C for 2.2 hours and the second stage was dried at 41°C until the moisture content was 7.5%;

[0056] Lateral root water extraction: 880 ml of water was added according to the mass ratio of lateral root to water of 1:11, and extraction was performed in a water bath at 65°C for 2.5 hours to obtain lateral root water extract;

[0057] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: 660 ml of 72% ethanol solution was added according to the volume ratio of stem and leaf to ethanol of 1:5.5, and then ultrasonic treatment was performed at a frequency of 37 kHz and a power of 310 W for 22 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 66°C for 1.1 hours to obtain stem and leaf alcohol extract;

[0058] Concentration and mixing: concentration was performed at a concentration temperature of 47°C and a vacuum degree of -0.085 MPa, and during gradient mixing, 1 / 2 of the concentrated solution of the lateral root water extract was first added and stirred for 11 minutes, and then the remaining part was added and stirred for 16 minutes to obtain the mixed extract;

[0059] Drying of the final product: the mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 52℃ and -0.085MPa to a relative density of 1.26, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 41℃ and a vacuum degree of 0.092MPa to a moisture content of 4.5%, to obtain a ginseng extract in the form of a light yellow powder.

[0060] Effects of implementation: the extract of Example Four contains 5.4% of Rg1, 8.1% of Re, and the ratio of Rg1 to Re is 1:1.50, the total saponin content is 28.8%, the purity of the extract is 94.8%, and the moisture content is 4.5%, which indicates that under relatively mild extraction conditions, the method of the present application can still stably extract a high proportion of Rg1 and Re, ensure the total saponin content and the purity of the extract, and the product has a suitable moisture content, and can be effectively used to prevent alcoholic liver damage.

[0061] Example Five

[0062] Treatment of raw materials: 130g of side roots of raw ginseng with a diameter of 2-3mm and 195g of stems and leaves of raw ginseng at the 120th day of growth were broken and then hot air dried, with the first stage being dried at 53℃ for 2.8 hours and the second stage being dried at 43℃ until the moisture content was 6.5%;

[0063] Water extraction of side roots: 1690ml of water was added according to a side root to water material liquid mass ratio of 1:13, and extraction was performed in a water bath at 75℃ for 3.5 hours, to obtain a side root water extract;

[0064] Ethanol extraction of stems and leaves: 1365ml of ethanol solution with a concentration of 78% was added according to a stems and leaves to ethanol volume ratio of 1:7, and then ultrasonic treatment was performed at a frequency of 42kHz and a power of 330W for 28 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 68℃ for 1.3 hours, to obtain a stem and leaf ethanol extract;

[0065] Concentration and mixing: concentration was performed at a concentration temperature of 52℃ and a vacuum degree of -0.095MPa, and the mixed extract was obtained by mixing the proportion gradient, with 1 / 2 of the side root water extract concentrated liquid being added and stirred for 13 minutes, and then the remaining part being added and stirred for 17 minutes;

[0066] Drying of the final product: the mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 58℃ and -0.095MPa to a relative density of 1.29, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 44℃ and a vacuum degree of 0.098MPa to a moisture content of 3%, to obtain a ginseng extract in the form of a light yellow powder.

[0067] Effects of implementation: the extract of this example contains 5.8% of Rg1, 8.7% of Re, and the ratio of Rg1 to Re is 1:1.50, the total saponin content is 29.5%, the purity of the extract is 95.8%, and the moisture content is 3%, which indicates that the process of the present application can still accurately control the proportion of ingredients, improve the total saponin content and purity, and ensure the stability of the product under the fine adjustment of different raw material amounts and operating conditions.

[0068] Comparative Example One

[0069] Raw material processing: 200 g of raw ginseng main root was selected, washed and cut into thin slices;

[0070] Extraction process: 2000 ml of ethanol was added according to a main root to ethanol volume ratio of 1:10, and a single 70% ethanol solution was used as a solvent, and the extraction was carried out in a 60°C water bath for 3 hours;

[0071] Subsequent processing: after the extraction was completed, the filtrate was concentrated at 50°C and -0.09 MPa, and dried to a moisture content of less than 5% to obtain a ginseng extract. This method did not distinguish between lateral roots and stems and leaves, did not accurately control the ratio of ginsenoside Rg1 and Re, and only used one solvent for extraction, making it difficult to ensure the full extraction and proportional coordination of active ingredients.

[0072] Implementation effect: the ginseng extract prepared in Comparative Example One had an Rg1 content of only 3.2%, an Re content of 4.0%, and an Rg1:Re ratio of 1:1.25, which was quite different from the target ratio, and the total ginsenoside content was 20.0%, which was significantly lower than that of each example, the extract purity was 85.0%, which was also lower than the example level, and the moisture content was 5.5%, which was higher than the example. This shows that the traditional single solvent extraction method cannot accurately extract and control key ginsenoside components, has low extraction efficiency, has many impurities, has poor product quality, and has far less effect on preventing alcoholic liver damage than the example product.

[0073] Comparative Example Two

[0074] Raw material processing: 100 g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3 mm and 150 g of stems and leaves at the 120th day of the growth period were selected, and were simultaneously crushed and hot air dried under the same drying conditions as Example One;

[0075] Extraction process: the lateral root water extraction and stem and leaf alcohol extraction steps were the same as Example One;

[0076] Mixing process: after the lateral root water extract and stem and leaf alcohol extract were concentrated, they were directly mixed according to a volume ratio of 1:1, without gradient mixing according to a ginsenoside Rg1:Re ratio of 1:1.5;

[0077] Drying finished product: the mixed liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.25 at 50°C and -0.08 MPa, and then transferred to a vacuum drying oven, and dried to a moisture content of 4% at a temperature of 40°C and a vacuum degree of 0.09 MPa to obtain a light yellow powder ginseng extract. This comparative example did not accurately control the ginsenoside ratio, and could not ensure that the product achieved the best effect in preventing alcoholic liver damage.

[0078] The implementation effect of the extract of the comparative example is that the content of Rg1 is 4.3%, the content of Re is 6.0%, the ratio of Rg1 to Re is 1:1.40, which deviates from the optimal ratio 1:1.5, the total saponin content is 24.0%, which is lower than that of the examples, the purity of the extract is 90.0%, which is also lower than that of the examples, and the moisture content is 5.0%. This shows that the inaccurate control of the ratio can affect the component balance of the extract, reduce the total saponin content and the purity, and thus weaken the synergistic effect of the product in preventing alcoholic liver damage, highlighting the importance of the precise control of the ratio process of the present application.

[0079] In summary, the ginseng extract provided by examples one to five has obvious advantages in Rg1 content, Re content, total saponin content of 28.5%, and moisture control, and the specific data are shown in the following table:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] From the above table, when analyzing the implementation effect data of each example and the comparative example, the advantages of the preparation method of the present application and the disadvantages of the traditional method are summarized by comparing the data differences between the examples and the comparative example from the indicators of component ratio, total saponin content, extract purity and moisture content, and the specific analysis is as follows:

[0083] Precise control of component ratio: in examples one to five, the ratio control effect of Rg1 to Re is remarkable, and the ratio is close to the target ratio 1:1.5 with a small deviation. The ratio in example two is exactly 1:1.5, and the ratios in examples one, four and five are also stable at about 1:1.50, and the ratio in example 3 is 1:1.51. This is due to the step-by-step extraction and gradient mixing process of the present application, which can precisely regulate the ratio of key saponins and ensure the stability of the extract components. In contrast, comparative example one uses the traditional single solvent extraction method, and the ratio of Rg1 to Re is 1:1.25. Although comparative example two uses a similar extraction method, the ratio is not precisely controlled, and the ratio is 1:1.40, which is quite different from the target ratio. This shows that the traditional method and the method without precise control of the ratio cannot precisely regulate the ratio of key saponins, and thus affect the synergistic effect of the extract in preventing alcoholic liver damage.

[0084] The total saponin content is high and stable: the total saponin content of each embodiment is between 28.5% and 29.5%, the value is high and the fluctuation is small, the total saponin content of embodiment three is the highest, reaching 29.2%; the total saponin content of embodiment five is 29.5%, which shows that the extraction method of the present application can efficiently obtain saponin components from ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves, fully utilizes the raw materials, and improves the medicinal value of the extract. In sharp contrast, the total saponin content of Comparative Example 1 is only 20.0%, and the total saponin content of Comparative Example 2 is only 24.0%, which is significantly lower than each embodiment, which reflects that the traditional extraction method and the method without precise control of the ratio have low extraction efficiency of ginsenosides, resulting in loss of effective components and reducing the medicinal value of the extract.

[0085] The purity of the extract is high: the purity of the extract of each embodiment is generally high, in the range of 94.8%-96.0%, the purity of embodiment three reaches 96.0%, and the purity of embodiment five is 95.8%, which shows that the extraction process of the present application can effectively remove impurities while obtaining target components, ensuring the quality of the extract and reducing the interference of impurities on efficacy. The purity of the extract of Comparative Example 1 is 85.0%, and the purity of the extract of Comparative Example 2 is 90.0%, which is lower than the level of each embodiment, indicating that the traditional and inaccurate extraction method has poor effect in removing impurities, and there are more impurities in the extract, which may affect the product quality and safety.

[0086] The water content is appropriate: the water content of each embodiment is less than 5%, between 2% and 4.5%, such as the water content of embodiment three is only 2%, and the water content of embodiment one is 4.5%, the low water content is beneficial to the storage and stability of the extract, and can effectively prevent the product from deteriorating and the active ingredients from degrading due to excessive water content. The water content of Comparative Example 1 is 5.5%, which is higher than that of the embodiments, and the high water content may increase the risk of degradation of active ingredients and affect the storage stability of the product.

[0087] In summary, through the comparison of embodiments and comparative examples, it is fully verified that the ginseng extract prepared by the process of combining lateral root water extraction and stem and leaf alcohol extraction, stepwise temperature control drying, ultrasonic assisted extraction and gradient mixing in the present application realizes the optimization of the whole process from raw material treatment to finished product preparation, and provides reliable guarantee for producing high-quality ginseng extract.

[0088] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed with the preferred embodiments as above, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, as long as the changes or modifications do not deviate from the technical solution of the present application. Any modification, change, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments made according to the technical essence of the present application still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing ginseng extract, characterized in that: The specific steps of this method are: S100, selecting lateral roots and stems and leaves of raw ginseng, and simultaneously crushing and hot-air drying the lateral roots and stems and leaves; S200, adding water at a ratio of 1:10-15 of the mass of the lateral root material to the liquid, performing water bath extraction, and separating the extract by filtration to obtain a lateral root aqueous extract rich in saponin Rg1; The water bath extraction temperature is 60-80°C and the extraction time is 2-4 hours; S300, performing an alcohol extraction operation on the crushed stems and leaves, adding an ethanol solution, and performing reflux extraction under the assistance of ultrasound to obtain an alcohol extract of the stems and leaves rich in saponin Re; Add 70%-80% ethanol solution to the stems and leaves at a volume ratio of 1:5-8 to ethanol; During reflux extraction, ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 35-45 kHz and a power of 300-350 W for 20-30 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 65-70°C for 1.0-1.5 hours; S400, the lateral root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract are respectively concentrated to remove water and ethanol, and the two concentrates are gradient mixed according to the ratio of saponin Rg1:Re of 1:1.5, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixed extract, wherein the gradient mixing refers to first calculating the lateral root water extract concentrate according to the saponin Rg content, and slowly adding 1 / 2 volume of the stem and leaf alcohol extract concentrate at a ratio of 1:1.5, stirring for 10-15 minutes, and then slowly adding the remaining lateral root water extract concentrate, and continuing to stir for 15-20 minutes until mixed evenly; S500, concentrating the mixed extract under reduced pressure, and placing the mixed extract in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

2. The method for preparing ginseng extract according to claim 1, wherein: The S100 hot air drying adopts a segmented temperature control mode, with the first stage being drying at 50-55°C for 2-3 hours and the second stage being drying at 40-45°C until the moisture content is ≤8%.

3. The method for preparing ginseng extract according to claim 1, wherein: When the S400 is performing concentration, the concentration temperature is 45-55° C. and the vacuum degree is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

4. The method for preparing ginseng extract according to claim 1, wherein: In S500, the mixed solution is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50-60° C. and -0.08-0.10 MPa to a relative density of 1.25-1.30, and then transferred into a vacuum drying oven to be dried to a moisture content of ≤5% at a temperature of 40-45° C. and a vacuum degree of ≥0.09 MPa.

5. A ginseng extract, suitable for the ginseng extract preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The ratio of saponin Rg1 to saponin Re in the ginseng extract is 1:1.

5. The extract is in the form of light yellow powder with a moisture content of less than 5%. Saponin Rg1 exerts a liver-protecting effect, while saponin Re exerts an anti-fatigue effect, and they act synergistically in preventing alcoholic liver damage.

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