Alloy surface friction and wear performance optimization method based on coating texturing

Abstract

The invention discloses an alloy surface friction and wear performance optimization method based on coating texturing, which comprises the following steps: step 1, cleaning an alloy steel material matrix, carrying out sand blasting on the surface of the alloy steel material matrix, and carrying out hard chromium plating on the alloy steel material matrix subjected to sand blasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chromium coating; and 2, polishing and grinding the alloy steel material with the hard chromium coating, putting the alloy steel material into laser processing equipment, enabling the processing surface of the alloy steel material to be parallel to a lens of the laser processing equipment, setting processing parameters, and carrying out laser etching on the surface of the alloy steel material to finish the friction and wear performance optimization of the alloy surface. According to the alloy surface friction and wear performance optimization method based on coating texturing, the friction and wear resistance of an alloy steel material is improved, and the service life of the alloy steel material is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser precision manufacturing, and in particular relates to a method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of an alloy surface based on coating texturing. Background Art

[0002] In modern industry, wear has always been an important factor restricting the reliability and service life of mechanical parts. With the advancement of technology, the performance requirements of materials in various manufacturing fields are constantly increasing. Traditional materials and surface treatment methods are gradually unable to meet the use requirements of harsh environments such as high loads and high speeds. Therefore, the development of new surface treatment technologies to improve the wear resistance and reliability of materials has become a research focus.

[0003] Laser processing technology has been widely used in the field of material surface treatment. Laser can effectively change the surface characteristics of materials and improve their hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. At the same time, coating technology is also widely used in wear protection. Among them, hard chrome coating is widely used due to its excellent wear resistance and low friction characteristics. Hard chrome coating can effectively reduce friction and wear and extend the service life of mechanical parts. Combining the advantages of laser technology and coating technology, a new surface treatment method has been formed. This composite process can significantly improve the bonding force and wear resistance of the coating, thereby providing more reliable wear protection for mechanical parts. Therefore, the present invention will propose a method for optimizing the wear resistance characteristics of the combination of laser and coating, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for related research and applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing, thereby improving the friction and wear resistance of alloy steel materials and increasing the service life of alloy steel materials.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing, comprising the following steps: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material, and optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface.

[0006] The present invention is also characterized in that: Also includes: Step 3: Place the laser-etched alloy steel material in a friction and wear test bench for friction testing, use the supporting software to fit the roughness data to obtain the friction coefficient curve, use the contact profilometer to obtain the wear scar profile, and calculate the wear amount and wear rate; Step 4: Use a laser confocal microscope to test the surface of the alloy steel material after laser etching to obtain the characteristic distribution of the surface roughness and microstructure, and use an electron microscope to obtain the morphological image and energy spectrum distribution of the wear scar.

[0007] The specific process of hard chrome plating in step 1 is: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method.

[0008] The thickness of the hard chrome coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm.

[0009] The specific process of making the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens in step 2 is: use a level to make the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens, and the distance between the alloy steel material processing surface and the laser processing equipment lens is 128-130mm.

[0010] The processing parameters in step 2 are: processing power 8-10W, scanning speed 800-1000mm / s, pulse width 20-30ns, repetition frequency 20-30kHz; a six-way filling processing method is adopted, and the filling spacing is 8-12μm.

[0011] In step 3, the friction and wear test bench is a reciprocating friction and wear test bench.

[0012] The conditions of the friction test in step 3 are: dry friction, load 8N, frequency 4Hz, amplitude 5mm, and friction time 30min.

[0013] In step 3, the friction medium of the friction test is a cemented carbide ball with a diameter of 6 mm.

[0014] The method for calculating the wear amount and wear rate in step 3 is: calculate the wear amount by formula (1);

[0015] Where: L is the wear scar length, unit: mm; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wear scar, unit: mm 2 , when calculating, three cross sections are selected to find the average; The wear rate is calculated by formula (2);

[0016] Where: ω is the wear rate, unit: mm 3 ·N-1 ·m -1 ; is the wear amount, unit: mm 3 ; v is the friction speed, unit: m / s; t is the friction time, unit: s.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The alloy surface friction and wear performance optimization method based on coating texturing provided by the present invention combines coating technology with laser surface texturing preparation technology, significantly improving the friction and wear characteristics of the material. The developed surface texture preparation method of alloy steel material shows excellent wear resistance and enhances the service life of the material under extreme working conditions. This technology not only improves the wear resistance of the material, but also effectively extends its service life in harsh environments, providing a reliable solution for applications in the industrial field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a flow chart of Embodiment 6 of the present invention; Figure 2 is a topography image after laser texturing preparation in Example 6 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a confocal scanning image after laser texturing preparation in Example 6 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a wear scar morphology image after the texture preparation in Example 6 of the present invention; Figure 5 The wear scar morphology is 800 times that of Example 6 of the present invention; Figure 6 is a wear scar profile diagram obtained by fitting the contact profilometer in Example 6 of the present invention; Figure 7 is a diagram showing the energy spectrum measurement result of the wear scar substrate in Example 6 of the present invention; Figure 8 is a diagram showing the energy spectrum measurement result of the wear scar adhesion layer in Example 6 of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a friction coefficient curve graph in Example 6 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1 The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material, and optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface.

[0021] Example 2 The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; The hard chrome plating process in step 1 is specifically as follows: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method; The thickness of the hard chrome coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material, and optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface.

[0022] Example 3 The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; The hard chrome plating process in step 1 is specifically as follows: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method; The thickness of the hard chrome coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, and laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material to optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface; The specific process of making the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens in step 2 is: use a level to make the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens, and the distance between the alloy steel material processing surface and the laser processing equipment lens is 128-130mm.

[0023] Example 4 The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; The hard chrome plating process in step 1 is specifically as follows: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method; The thickness of the hard chrome coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, and laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material to optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface; The specific process of making the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens in step 2 is: using a level to make the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens, and the distance between the alloy steel material processing surface and the laser processing equipment lens is 128-130mm; The processing parameters in step 2 are: processing power 8-10W, scanning speed 800-1000mm / s, pulse width 20-30ns, repetition frequency 20-30kHz; a six-way filling processing method is adopted, and the filling spacing is 8-12μm.

[0024] Example 5 The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; The hard chrome plating process in step 1 is specifically as follows: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method; The thickness of the hard chrome coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, and laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material to optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface; The specific process of making the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens in step 2 is: using a level to make the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens, and the distance between the alloy steel material processing surface and the laser processing equipment lens is 128-130mm; The processing parameters in step 2 are: processing power 8-10W, scanning speed 800-1000mm / s, pulse width 20-30ns, repetition frequency 20-30kHz; six-way filling processing method is adopted, and the filling spacing is 8-12μm; Also includes: Step 3: Place the laser-etched alloy steel material in a friction and wear test bench for friction testing, use the supporting software to fit the roughness data to obtain the friction coefficient curve, use the contact profilometer to obtain the wear scar profile, and calculate the wear amount and wear rate; In step 3, the friction and wear test bench is a reciprocating friction and wear test bench; The conditions of the friction test in step 3 are: dry friction, load 8N, frequency 4Hz, amplitude 5mm, and friction time 30min; In step 3, the friction medium of the friction test is a hard alloy ball with a diameter of 6 mm. The method for calculating the wear amount and wear rate in step 3 is: calculate the wear amount by formula (1);

[0025] Where: L is the wear scar length, unit: mm; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wear scar, unit: mm 2 , when calculating, three cross sections are selected to find the average; The wear rate is calculated by formula (2);

[0026] Where: ω is the wear rate, unit: mm 3 ·N -1 ·m -1 ; is the wear amount, unit: mm 3 ; v is the friction speed, unit: m / s; t is the friction time, unit: s; Step 4: Use a laser confocal microscope to test the surface of the alloy steel material after laser etching to obtain the characteristic distribution of the surface roughness and microstructure, and use an electron microscope to obtain the morphological image and energy spectrum distribution of the wear scar.

[0027] Example 6 The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and then improving the roughness of the substrate surface by sandblasting to enhance the adhesion of the coating, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; The hard chrome plating process in step 1 is specifically as follows: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method; The thickness of the hard chrome coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, and laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material to improve the surface performance and optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface; The specific process of making the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens in step 2 is: using a level to make the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens, and the distance between the alloy steel material processing surface and the laser processing equipment lens is 128-130mm; The processing parameters in step 2 are: processing power 8-10W, scanning speed 800-1000mm / s, pulse width 20-30ns, repetition frequency 20-30kHz; six-way filling processing method is adopted, and the filling spacing is 8-12μm; Also includes: Step 3: Place the laser-etched alloy steel material in a friction and wear test bench for friction testing, use the supporting software to fit the roughness data to obtain the friction coefficient curve, use the contact profilometer to obtain the wear scar profile, and calculate the wear amount and wear rate; In step 3, the friction and wear test bench is a reciprocating friction and wear test bench; The conditions of the friction test in step 3 are: dry friction, load 8N, frequency 4Hz, amplitude 5mm, and friction time 30min; In step 3, the friction medium of the friction test is a hard alloy ball with a diameter of 6 mm. The method for calculating the wear amount and wear rate in step 3 is: calculate the wear amount by formula (1);

[0028] Where: L is the wear scar length, unit: mm; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wear scar, unit: mm 2 , when calculating, three cross sections are selected to find the average; The wear rate is calculated by formula (2);

[0029] Where: ω is the wear rate, unit: mm 3 ·N -1 ·m -1 ; is the wear amount, unit: mm 3 ; v is the friction speed, unit: m / s; t is the friction time, unit: s; Step 4: Use a laser confocal microscope to test the surface of the alloy steel material after laser etching to obtain the characteristic distribution of the surface roughness and microstructure, and use an electron microscope to obtain the morphological image and energy spectrum distribution of the wear scar; like Figure 1 As shown, first, the sample was scanned by nanosecond pulse laser, and different parameters were adjusted to obtain different surface texture preparation results. Then, a reciprocating friction and wear test bench was used with a load of 8N, a frequency of 4Hz, an amplitude of 5mm, and a friction time of 30min. The friction medium was a cemented carbide ball for testing. The composition of the sample and the medium material is shown in Tables 1 and 2. The experimental results were obtained.

[0030] Table 1 Main chemical components of alloy steel

[0031] Table 2 Main chemical composition of cemented carbide balls

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the microstructure distribution density increases with the increase of power, and the color of the texture surface deepens, which indicates a significant increase in the degree of ablation.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that with the increase of power, the overall height of the microstructure decreases. At the same time, due to the significant heat accumulation phenomenon, the recasting phenomenon is obvious, which in turn affects the distribution state of the microstructure. Appropriate power can obtain a uniformly distributed microstructure.

[0034] like Figure 4 , 5As shown in the figure, it can be seen that different laser power treatments have a significant effect on the wear surface. When the processing power is 6W, the wear surface is rough, with obvious plastic deformation and deeper wear grooves. Low-power laser may cause insufficient heat generation on the surface, the material is not fully melted, and the surface hardness is high, resulting in more serious wear marks. In addition, a large amount of wear debris may appear in the wear area due to uneven material removal, further aggravating the wear. The wear surface treated with a processing power of 8W is relatively uniform, the wear surface grooves are shallow, and the plastic deformation is less. Moderate laser power makes the surface fully melted, and the material removal in the friction contact area is more balanced, reducing the possibility of local stress concentration and severe wear, so that this surface exhibits good wear resistance. When the processing power is 10W, the wear surface is more uniform. At this time, the single pulse energy is too high, resulting in large fluctuations in the height of the structure in the texture plane, and there is sufficient space inside the texture to store wear debris and abrasive particles. As a result, the contact area during the friction process is smaller. At the same time, the single pulse energy is too high, resulting in a longer time for the material to be in melting and cooling, and the matrix produces sufficient residual stress, which significantly improves the wear resistance.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown in Figure 2, the wear loss is calculated to be 5.0152×10 -6 mm 3 The wear rate is 1.7414×10 -8 mm 3 N. When the machining power is 8W, the wear loss is 5.4578×10 -6 mm 3 The wear rate is 1.895×10 - 8 mm 3 ·N -1 ·m -1 When the machining power is 10W, the wear loss is 1.1095×10 -6 mm 3 The wear rate is 3.8526×10 -9 mm 3 ·N -1 ·m -1 The wear amount and wear rate obtained by 8W are the largest, and the wear amount and wear rate obtained by 10W are the smallest. The wear rate of the surface texture prepared by the processing power of 8W is reduced by 79.63%, which is consistent with the above description.

[0036] like Figure 7 , 8The chemical composition is shown in Table 3. The friction and wear characteristics of the wear scar are analyzed from the element content. The wear scar surface is rough when the texture surface is 6W, and the deep grooves may cause unstable friction at the contact interface. At the same time, Table 5 shows that the W element content of the oxide layer on the wear scar surface treated with a processing power of 6W is the highest, the amount of material transfer with the cemented carbide ball is the largest, and the wear during the friction process is the most significant. The W element content of the surface treated with 8W laser is the lowest, and the amount of material transfer is relatively small, which indicates that the wear scar surface is uniform, and the formation of the oxide layer protects the material matrix and reduces the wear of direct contact. The W element content of the surface treated with 10W laser is moderate, and the O element distribution is relatively uniform. It can be seen that the adhesion of the debris and the depth of the material matrix are low during the friction process. Therefore, the contact area between the ball and the material is large, thereby increasing the friction resistance. Due to the excessively high laser energy, the hardness of the material is reduced. Overall, the laser power has a significant effect on the surface morphology of the wear scar and its friction performance. Therefore, further optimization of laser parameters can reduce wear while meeting specific application requirements.

[0037] Table 3 Element contents of the worn surface of chrome coatings at different powers

[0038] like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, laser power has a significant effect on friction performance. When the processing power is 6W, the surface prepared has a high friction coefficient due to excessive heat input and poor surface wear resistance. The surface friction coefficient generated by 10W power is the lowest and most stable.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: cleaning the alloy steel material substrate, sandblasting the surface of the alloy steel material substrate, and hard chrome plating the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting to form an alloy steel material with a hard chrome coating; Step 2: Polish and grind the alloy steel material with hard chrome coating, and put it into laser processing equipment, so that the processing surface of the alloy steel material is parallel to the lens of the laser processing equipment, set the processing parameters, laser etch the surface of the alloy steel material, and optimize the friction and wear performance of the alloy surface.

2. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Step 3: Place the laser-etched alloy steel material in a friction and wear test bench for friction testing, use the supporting software to fit the roughness data to obtain the friction coefficient curve, use the contact profilometer to obtain the wear scar profile, and calculate the wear amount and wear rate; Step 4: Use a laser confocal microscope to test the surface of the alloy steel material after laser etching to obtain the characteristic distribution of the surface roughness and microstructure, and use an electron microscope to obtain the morphological image and energy spectrum distribution of the wear scar.

3. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hard chrome plating process in step 1 is specifically as follows: hard chrome plating is performed on the alloy steel material substrate after sandblasting by using an electrochemical method.

4. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the hard chromium coating in step 1 is 200-400 μm.

5. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of making the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens in step 2 is: use a level to make the alloy steel material processing surface parallel to the laser processing equipment lens, and the distance between the alloy steel material processing surface and the laser processing equipment lens is 128-130mm.

6. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing parameters in step 2 are: processing power 8-10W, scanning speed 800-1000mm / s, pulse width 20-30ns, repetition frequency 20-30kHz; a six-way filling processing method is adopted, and the filling spacing is 8-12μm.

7. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The friction and wear test bench described in step 3 is a reciprocating friction and wear test bench.

8. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conditions of the friction test in step 3 are: dry friction, load 8N, frequency 4Hz, amplitude 5mm, and friction time 30min.

9. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The friction medium of the friction test in step 3 is a cemented carbide ball, and the diameter of the cemented carbide ball is 6 mm.

10. The method for optimizing the friction and wear performance of alloy surfaces based on coating texturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for calculating the wear amount and the wear rate in step 3 is: the wear amount is calculated by formula (1); Where: L is the wear scar length, unit: mm; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wear scar, unit: mm 2 , when calculating, three cross sections are selected to find the average; The wear rate is calculated by formula (2); Where: ω is the wear rate, unit: mm 3 ·N -1 ·m -1 ; is the wear amount, unit: mm 3 ; v is the friction speed, unit: m / s; t is the friction time, unit: s.

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