A real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and specifically relates to a real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle, which includes a spindle box, a spindle rotor, a tool pull claw, a thermal compensation component, a bearing, a tool pulling component, a tool clamping component, an adjusting component, and a preloading component; the spindle rotor includes a rotor housing and an adjusting outer ring connected to the rotor housing. The spindle rotor is rotatably connected to the spindle box. The tool pulling component is arranged in the inner cavity of the spindle rotor. The adjusting component adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation component for the spindle rotor. The tool pull claw is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor. When the torque of the tool pull claw decreases, the adjusting component can increase the torque of the tool pull claw through the tool pulling component. The present invention adjusts the thermal compensation component through the adjusting component, so that the thermal compensation effect can be adjusted, and the tool pull claw can be kept tightened during adjustment, and the machining accuracy can be maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and specifically relates to a real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle. Background Art

[0002] As a key component of a machine tool, the main function of the machine tool spindle is to provide rotational power for the tool, driving the tool to perform machining operations such as cutting, grinding, and drilling, so as to achieve the control of the shape, size, and surface quality of the workpiece. The machine tool spindle needs to have high precision, high rigidity, and high stability to meet the requirements of different machining processes, such as precision milling, turning, and grinding. However, during the machining process, the machine tool spindle will be affected by factors such as friction and cutting heat, generating thermal errors, which will in turn affect the machining accuracy.

[0003] Thermal error compensation technology is of great significance in improving the machining accuracy of machine tool spindles. At present, the commonly used thermal error compensation methods include software compensation and mechanical compensation. Software compensation establishes a thermal error model and uses the numerical control system to adjust machining parameters in real time. However, this method relies on accurate model establishment and a large amount of real-time calculations, which is costly and requires high precision of the numerical control system. Currently, factories with poor machining conditions mainly still use mechanical compensation to compensate for the thermal errors generated by the spindle. Mechanical compensation installs a compensation device, such as a compensation ring, on the machine tool spindle, and uses the thermal expansion characteristics of materials and the deformation of the mechanical structure to offset the thermal errors, which has the characteristics of directness and effectiveness, and the cost is relatively low.

[0004] In the process of using the machine tool, the accuracy of the mechanical compensation method will gradually decrease after long-term use, and at this time, workers need to re-calibrate it. During the long-term and frequent start-stop process of the machine tool, problems such as part loosening and a decrease in the compensation accuracy of the compensation ring are likely to occur. When the machine tool stops running for a period of time and then starts again, due to the rapid temperature change and uneven thermal expansion of mechanical components, after long-term use of the compensation ring, its compensation accuracy will also gradually decrease due to factors such as wear and fatigue. In addition, during the long-term and frequent start-stop process of the machine tool, the pull claw is also likely to become loose, which seriously affects the machining accuracy during spindle machining. And because when the compensation accuracy of the compensation ring decreases, it cannot be adjusted quickly like the software compensation method, these problems not only affect the machining accuracy, but also easily lead to workpiece damage, increasing the labor maintenance cost.

[0005] Therefore, a real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle, which solves the problem that when the mechanical thermal compensation method is adopted for the machine tool spindle, errors will be generated due to wear or mechanical fatigue of materials during long-term use, and the thermal compensation effect achieved in the initial setting cannot be satisfied, affecting the machining accuracy. By adjusting the component to adjust the thermal compensation component, the acting thickness of the compensation piece on the thermal compensation of the spindle rotor is increased, so that the thermal compensation effect can be adjusted, and the broach claw can be kept fastened during adjustment, maintaining the accuracy during machining.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle includes a spindle box, a spindle rotor, a broach claw, a thermal compensation component, a bearing, a broaching component, a tool tightening component, an adjusting component, and a pre-tightening component; the spindle rotor includes a rotor housing, an adjusting outer ring connected to the rotor housing, and a broach rod disposed in the inner cavity of the rotor housing; the spindle rotor is rotatably connected to the spindle box, the broaching component is disposed in the inner cavity of the spindle rotor, the tool tightening component is disposed on the side of the thermal compensation component close to the adjusting outer ring, the pre-tightening component is connected to the spindle box, the adjusting component adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation component for the spindle rotor, the broach claw is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor, and when the torque of the broach claw decreases, the adjusting component can increase the torque of the broach claw through the broaching component.

[0009] It can be known that the common thermal error compensation methods include software compensation and mechanical compensation. The software compensation method usually establishes a thermal error model and uses a numerical control system and a hydraulic device to adjust the machining parameters in real time, which has relatively high requirements for measurement, calculation, and the accuracy of numerical control equipment, and the cost is also relatively high. Many factories cannot adopt it due to insufficient costs. The thermal error during spindle machining is offset by a more direct compensation piece method. However, certain wear will occur during long-term use of the equipment, and mechanical fatigue of materials will cause errors in compensation. Over time, the errors will gradually increase and the maintenance and adjustment are very cumbersome.

[0010] In the above solution, the adjusting component adjusts the thermal compensation component, so as to adjust it when the thermal compensation of the equipment generates a large error, ensuring the accuracy during machining, and the adjusting component cooperates with the broaching component to maintain the torque of the broach claw, preventing the broach claw from loosening and affecting the machining due to insufficient broaching force during machining.

[0011] Preferably, the thermal compensation component includes six groups of compensation pieces, a compensation sleeve ring slidably connected to the outer ring of the compensation piece, first teeth evenly distributed in a ring on the outside of the compensation sleeve ring, a sliding column fixedly connected to the compensation piece, and a first spring connected to the sliding column; the compensation piece is slidably connected to the spindle box through the sliding column and the first spring, and the compensation sleeve ring is threadedly connected to the spindle box.

[0012] In the above solution, the compensating pieces are in six groups of rings and are symmetrically distributed. When the device is working, the compensating pieces receive the heat transferred from the bearing through heat transfer, generating thermal expansion in the direction opposite to that of the main shaft rotor, thereby offsetting the thermal error generated during the machining of the main shaft rotor, so as to perform real-time thermal error compensation and ensure the accuracy during machining.

[0013] Preferably, the adjusting outer ring is in close contact with the compensating piece; an inclined surface is provided on the contact side between the compensating piece and the adjusting outer ring, and a sliding surface is provided on the contact side between the compensating piece and the compensating collar; the compensating collar is threadedly connected to the main shaft housing through thread teeth, and the thickness of the compensating collar gradually increases in the direction from the compensating piece to the adjusting outer ring.

[0014] In the above solution, the inclined surface on the compensating piece contacts the adjusting outer ring. When the compensating collar rotates through the thread teeth, it can displace towards the bearing direction, and while moving, it presses against the sliding surface on the compensating piece through the gradually thickening inner wall, causing the compensating piece to move towards the center of the main shaft rotor through the sliding column and the first spring. When the compensating piece moves towards the center of the main shaft rotor, it will cause the adjusting outer ring and the rotor housing to move in the direction opposite to the thermal expansion direction through the inclined surface, thereby compensating for the increase in thermal error caused by wear and other reasons during the long-term use of the main shaft rotor.

[0015] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a connecting outer ring connected to the outer wall of the main shaft housing, an adjusting rod connected to the connecting outer ring, a second spring with both ends respectively connected to the adjusting rod and the inner wall of the connecting outer ring, second teeth evenly distributed in a ring on the outer wall of the adjusting rod, and a gear rotatably connected to the main shaft housing; the gear is respectively meshed and connected to the first teeth and the second teeth.

[0016] In the above solution, rotating the adjusting rod drives the gear meshed with it through the second teeth, and drives the first teeth and the compensating collar to rotate through the gear, thereby changing the position between the compensating collar and the compensating piece, enabling the compensating collar to displace towards the bearing direction, and thus more conveniently adjusting the compensation distance of the compensating piece.

[0017] Preferably, the broaching component includes a blocking plate hinged to the outer wall of the broaching claw, and four groups of blocking grooves arranged on the inner wall of the main shaft rotor; the blocking plate is connected to the broaching claw through a torsion spring, and one end of the blocking groove is an arc surface and is fan-shaped.

[0018] In the above solution, when the broaching claw rotates and is threadedly connected to the main shaft rotor to reach the working position, the blocking plate will unfold towards the outside of the broaching claw through the torsion spring and fall to the blocking groove. During the operation of the device, the broaching claw may become loose due to vibration or other reasons. At this time, the tightening rod will press against the blocking plate along the arc surface end of the blocking groove and provide a certain resistance to prevent the broaching claw from loosening and causing the problem of insufficient broaching tightness, further ensuring the machining accuracy during the operation of the device.

[0019] Preferably, the tool tightening assembly includes an annular gear plate, a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates arranged on one side of the annular gear plate in a uniformly distributed annular manner, sliding grooves arranged on the arc-shaped connecting plates, connecting columns fixedly connected to the annular gear plate, third springs arranged on the sliding grooves, connecting arc plates connected to the side of the arc-shaped connecting plates close to the center of the circle, arc-shaped vertical plates connected to the bottoms of the connecting arc plates, Z-shaped rods rotatably connected to the adjusting outer ring, and tool tightening rods rotatably connected to the rotor housing; the two ends of the third spring gradually decrease in height from one end to the other between the connecting column and the arc-shaped connecting plate; the Z-shaped rod is connected to the adjusting outer ring through a torsion spring; the tool tightening assembly further includes a limiting block, and the limiting block blocks the rotation angle of the Z-shaped rod.

[0020] In the above solution, the arc-shaped vertical plate has a streamlined arc surface, so that the Z-shaped rod whose angle is limited by the limiting block rotates in one direction when being squeezed by the arc-shaped vertical plate, that is, the end of the Z-shaped rod in contact with the arc-shaped vertical plate rotates in the direction close to the center of the main shaft rotor, and no matter the rotation direction of the arc-shaped vertical plate, the rotation direction of the Z-shaped rod remains the same, so that the adjustment of the tool tightening assembly can be more convenient.

[0021] Preferably, the broaching assembly further includes a tool tightening groove arranged outside the blocking groove, and the tool tightening rod is arranged at the tool tightening groove, and the blocking groove is communicated with the tool tightening groove, so that the tool tightening rod can adjust the blocking plate through the position where the tool tightening groove is communicated with the blocking groove.

[0022] Preferably, the pre-tightening assembly includes a pre-tightening bolt, a fourth spring arranged on the side of the adjusting outer ring away from the compensating piece, and a pre-tightening ring arranged between the pre-tightening bolt and the fourth spring; the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt is conical.

[0023] In the above solution, rotate the pre-tightening bolt, and push the pre-tightening ring through the conical surface at the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt, so as to squeeze the fourth spring through the pre-tightening ring. The fourth spring keeps the adjusting outer ring and the compensating piece in close contact through elastic potential energy, so as to ensure the accuracy of the thermal compensation of the compensating piece.

[0024] Preferably, it includes two displacement sensors, which are respectively arranged at the connecting end of the tool head of the main spindle box and between the pre-tightening ring and the adjusting outer ring.

[0025] In the above solution, the two displacement sensors respectively detect the displacement distance of the end of the main shaft rotor during operation, remind the staff to adjust the equipment in time when the thermal error is large, and detect the displacement distance of thermal expansion generated by the adjusting outer ring during operation, so that it is more convenient for the staff to adjust according to the data.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. Solve the problem that the thermal compensation accuracy decreases due to wear and material fatigue after long-term use when performing spindle thermal compensation by mechanical compensation. The thermal compensation component can be adjusted by rotating the adjustment component, so that the symmetrically arranged compensation pieces are displaced towards the center of the circle, increasing the thickness of the compensation pieces, so that the expansion size of the compensation pieces increases during thermal compensation, and a slight displacement is generated between the spindle rotor and the spindle box to make up for the wear error, thereby adjusting the spindle thermal compensation, so that the equipment can still maintain a high machining accuracy after long-term use and wear, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0028] 2. Through the cooperation of the adjustment component and the tool clamping component, when the thermal compensation accuracy of the equipment decreases due to wear and material fatigue, the torque of the broach claw is calibrated; when the broach claw is loose, it will affect the broaching force, resulting in errors during machining. When the equipment is worn after long-term use, the problem of broach claw loosening will occur simultaneously. By driving the tool clamping component through the adjustment component and cooperating with the broach component, the broach claw can be calibrated while adjusting the thermal compensation distance, and the problem of broach claw loosening caused by vibration during machining can be reduced through the broach component, further improving the accuracy during machining.

[0029] 3. In the present invention, by setting the adjustment component, mechanical wear and part loosening are likely to occur simultaneously when the equipment is used for a long time. At this time, the detection and adjustment of the equipment by the staff are very cumbersome. When the staff adjusts the thermal compensation component through the adjustment component, the torque of the broach claw can be calibrated, and during the process of the staff adjusting the thermal compensation component, multiple debuggings will be carried out according to the degree of thermal compensation displacement change of the spindle rotor, combined with the data of the displacement sensor. By cooperating the adjustment component with the tool clamping component, even though multiple debuggings in different rotation directions are carried out on the thermal compensation component through the adjustment component, calibration can still be carried out through the tool clamping component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the spindle rotor of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the spindle rotor of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic sectional view of the overall structure of the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle;

[0034] Figure 5 For the real-time compensation device for the thermal error of the machine tool spindle Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram at position A in

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the tool clamping component of the real-time thermal error compensation device for the machine tool spindle;

[0036] Figure 7 Partial structure schematic diagram of the tool clamping component of the real-time thermal error compensation device for the machine tool spindle;

[0037] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the tool clamping component of the real-time thermal error compensation device for the machine tool spindle;

[0038] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the tool pulling component of the real-time thermal error compensation device for the machine tool spindle;

[0039] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structures of the adjustment component and the thermal compensation component of the real-time thermal error compensation device for the machine tool spindle;

[0040] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal compensation component of the real-time thermal error compensation device for the machine tool spindle.

[0041] In the figure: 100, spindle box; 200, spindle rotor; 201, rotor housing; 202, adjustment outer ring; 203, tool pulling rod; 300, tool pulling claw; 400, thermal compensation component; 401, compensation sheet; 401-a, inclined surface; 401-b, sliding surface; 402, compensation sleeve ring; 402-a, thread tooth; 403, first tooth; 404, sliding column; 405, first spring; 500, bearing; 600, tool pulling component; 601, barrier plate; 602, barrier groove; 603, tool clamping groove; 700, tool clamping component; 701, annular gear plate; 702, arc-shaped connecting plate; 703, sliding groove; 704, connecting column; 705, third spring; 706, connecting arc plate; 707, arc-shaped vertical plate; 708, Z-shaped rod; 709, tool clamping rod; 710, limit block; 800, adjustment component; 801, connecting outer ring; 802, adjustment rod; 803, second spring; 804, second tooth; 805, gear; 900, pre-tightening component; 901, pre-tightening bolt; 902, fourth spring; 903, pre-tightening ring; 1000, displacement sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0043] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways different from those described herein. Persons skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention and without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 1 to 11 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0045] A real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle, comprising a spindle box 100, a spindle rotor 200, a tool pull claw 300, a thermal compensation component 400, a bearing 500, a tool pull component 600, a tool clamping component 700, an adjustment component 800, a preloading component 900, and a displacement sensor 1000; the spindle rotor 200 includes a spindle rotor 200, a rotor housing 201, an adjustment outer ring 202, and a tool pull rod 203; the thermal compensation component 400 includes a thermal compensation component 400, a compensation piece 401, an inclined surface 401-a, a compensation collar 402, a thread tooth 402-a, a first tooth 403, a sliding column 404, and a first spring 405; the tool pull component 600 includes a baffle plate 601, a blocking groove 602, and a tool clamping groove 603; the tool clamping component 700 includes an annular gear plate 701, an arc-shaped connecting plate 702, a sliding groove 703, a connecting column 704, a third spring 705, a connecting arc plate 706, an arc-shaped vertical plate 707, a Z-shaped rod 708, a tool clamping rod 709, and a limit block 710; the adjustment component 800 includes a connecting outer ring 801, an adjustment rod 802, a second spring 803, a second tooth 804, and a gear 805; the preloading component 900 includes a preloading bolt 901, a fourth spring 902, and a preloading ring 903.

[0046] As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4, A real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle, comprising a spindle box 100, a spindle rotor 200, a tool pull claw 300, a thermal compensation component 400, a bearing 500, a tool pull component 600, a tool clamping component 700, an adjustment component 800 and a pre-tightening component 900; the spindle rotor 200 includes a rotor housing 201, an adjustment outer ring 202 connected to the rotor housing 201, and a tool pull rod 203 disposed in the inner cavity of the rotor housing 201; the spindle rotor 200 is rotatably connected to the spindle box 100, the tool pull component 600 is disposed in the inner cavity of the spindle rotor 200, the tool clamping component 700 is disposed on one side of the thermal compensation component 400 close to the adjustment outer ring 202, the pre-tightening component 900 is connected to the spindle box 100, the adjustment component 800 adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation component 400 for the spindle rotor 200, the tool pull claw 300 is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor 200, and when the torque of the tool pull claw 300 decreases, the adjustment component 800 can increase the torque of the tool pull claw 300 through the tool pull component 600; the adjustment component 800 adjusts the thermal compensation component 400, so as to adjust it when the error generated by the thermal compensation of the device is large, ensure the accuracy during processing, and cooperate with the tool pull component 600 through the adjustment component 800 to maintain the torque of the tool pull claw 300, preventing the tool pull claw 300 from loosening and resulting in insufficient tool pull force during processing, which affects the processing.

[0047] As an implementation manner of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 10 and Figure 11, the thermal compensation component 400 includes six groups of compensation pieces 401, a compensation collar 402 slidably connected to the outer ring of the compensation piece 401, first teeth 403 evenly distributed in a ring on the outside of the compensation collar 402, a sliding column 404 fixedly connected to the compensation piece 401, and a first spring 405 connected to the sliding column 404; the compensation piece 401 is slidably connected to the headstock 100 through the sliding column 404 and the first spring 405; the adjusting outer ring 202 is in close contact with the compensation piece 401; an inclined surface 401-a is provided on the contact side of the compensation piece 401 and the adjusting outer ring 202, and a sliding surface 401-b is provided on the contact side of the compensation piece 401 and the compensation collar 402; the compensation collar 402 is threadedly connected to the headstock 100 through a thread tooth 402-a, and the thickness of the compensation collar 402 gradually increases along the direction from the compensation piece 401 to the adjusting outer ring 202; the compensation pieces 401 are arranged in six groups in a ring and symmetrically distributed, the inclined surface 401-a on the compensation piece 401 contacts the adjusting outer ring 202, the inclined surface 401-a on the compensation piece 401 contacts the adjusting outer ring 202, when the compensation collar 402 rotates through the thread tooth 402-a, it can displace towards the bearing 500, and while moving, it presses against the sliding surface 401-b on the compensation piece 401 through the gradually thickening inner wall, so that the compensation piece 401 moves towards the center of the main shaft rotor 200 through the sliding column 404 and the first spring 405. When the compensation piece 401 moves towards the center of the main shaft rotor 200, it will cause the adjusting outer ring 202 and the rotor housing 201 to move in the direction opposite to the thermal expansion direction through the inclined surface 401-a, thereby compensating for the increase in thermal error caused by wear and other reasons during the long-term use of the main shaft rotor 200.

[0048] As an implementation manner of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 10 , the adjusting component 800 includes a connecting outer ring 801 connected to the outer wall of the headstock 100, an adjusting rod 802 connected to the connecting outer ring 801, a second spring 803 with both ends respectively connected to the adjusting rod 802 and the inner wall of the connecting outer ring 801, second teeth 804 evenly distributed in a ring on the outer wall of the adjusting rod 802, and a gear 805 rotatably connected to the headstock 100; the gear 805 is meshed and connected to the first teeth 403 and the second teeth 804 respectively; by rotating the adjusting rod 802, the gear 805 meshed with it is driven through the second teeth 804, and the first teeth 403 and the compensation collar 402 are driven through the gear 805, so as to change the position between the compensation collar 402 and the compensation piece 401, so that the compensation collar 402 can displace towards the bearing 500, thereby more conveniently adjusting the compensation distance of the compensation piece 401.

[0049] As an implementation manner of the present invention, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 8 andFigure 9 The broach assembly 600 includes a barrier plate 601 hinged to the outer wall of the broach claw 300, and four groups of barrier grooves 602 provided on the inner wall of the main shaft rotor 200; the barrier plate 601 is connected to the broach claw 300 through a torsion spring, and one end of the barrier groove 602 is an arc surface and is fan-shaped; the broach assembly 600 further includes a tool tightening groove 603 provided outside the barrier groove 602, and a tool tightening rod 709 is provided at the tool tightening groove 603. When the broach claw 300 rotates and is threadedly connected to the main shaft rotor 200 to reach the working position, the barrier plate 601 will expand outward from the broach claw 300 through the torsion spring and fall to the barrier groove 602. During the operation of the equipment, the broach claw 300 may become loose due to vibration or other reasons. At this time, the tool tightening rod 709 will abut against the barrier plate 601 along the arc surface end of the barrier groove 602 and provide a certain resistance. The barrier groove 602 communicates with the tool tightening groove 603, so that the tool tightening rod 709 can adjust the barrier plate 601 through the communication position of the tool tightening groove 603 and the barrier groove 602, preventing the broach claw 300 from loosening and causing the problem of loose broaching, and further ensuring the machining accuracy during the operation of the equipment.

[0050] As an implementation manner of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The tool tightening assembly 700 includes an annular gear plate 701, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped connecting plates 702 arranged annularly and evenly on one side of the annular gear plate 701, sliding grooves 703 provided on the arc-shaped connecting plates 702, a connecting column 704 fixedly connected to the annular gear plate 701, a third spring 705 provided on the sliding grooves 703, a connecting arc plate 706 connected to the side of the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 close to the center of the circle, an arc-shaped vertical plate 707 connected to the bottom of the connecting arc plate 706, a Z-shaped rod 708 rotatably connected to the adjusting outer ring 202, and a tool tightening rod 709 rotatably connected to the rotor housing 201; both ends of the third spring 705 gradually decrease in height from one end to the other end of the connecting column 704 and the arc-shaped connecting plate 702; the Z-shaped rod 708 passes through the adjusting outer ring 202 and is connected to the adjusting outer ring 202 through a torsion spring; the tool tightening assembly 700 further includes a limit block 710 that blocks the rotation angle of the Z-shaped rod 708; the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 has a streamlined arc surface, so that the Z-shaped rod 708 whose rotation angle is limited by the limit block 710 rotates in one direction when being squeezed by the arc-shaped vertical plate 707, that is, the end of the Z-shaped rod 708 in contact with the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 rotates in the direction close to the center of the main shaft rotor 200, and the rotation direction of the Z-shaped rod 708 remains the same regardless of the rotation direction of the arc-shaped vertical plate 707, so that it is more convenient to adjust the tool tightening assembly 700.

[0051] As an implementation manner of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 4 andFigure 5 , the pre-tightening assembly 900 includes a pre-tightening bolt 901, a fourth spring 902 disposed on the side of the adjusting outer ring 202 away from the compensating piece 401, and a pre-tightening ring 903 disposed between the pre-tightening bolt 901 and the fourth spring 902; the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt 901 is conical; by rotating the pre-tightening bolt 901, the pre-tightening ring 903 is pushed through the conical surface at the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt 901, so that the fourth spring 902 is extruded through the pre-tightening ring 903, and the fourth spring 902 keeps the adjusting outer ring 202 in close contact with the compensating piece 401 through elastic potential energy, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the thermal compensation of the compensating piece 401.

[0052] As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , it includes two sets of displacement sensors 1000, which are respectively disposed at the cutter head connection end of the spindle box 100 and between the pre-tightening ring 903 and the adjusting outer ring 202; the two sets of displacement sensors 1000 respectively detect the displacement distance of the end of the spindle rotor 200 during operation, and when the thermal error is large, an early warning system is connected through the prior art to remind the staff to adjust the equipment in time, and the other set of displacement sensors 1000 detects the thermal expansion displacement distance generated by the adjusting outer ring 202 during operation, so that it is more convenient for the staff to adjust according to the data.

[0053] Working principle: The thermal compensation assembly 400 is adjusted by the adjusting assembly 800, so as to adjust it when the thermal compensation of the equipment generates a large error, ensure the accuracy during processing, and the adjusting assembly 800 cooperates with the tool clamping assembly 700 to maintain the torque of the tool pulling claw 300, preventing the tool pulling force from being insufficient during processing due to the loosening of the tool pulling claw 300.

[0054] Specifically, referring to Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 , first, the tool pulling claw 300 is threadedly connected to the tool pulling rod 203. When the tool pulling claw 300 is connected tightly, the blocking plate 601 will gradually rotate to the same cross-section position as the blocking groove 602 during the threaded connection of the tool pulling claw 300. During the threaded connection of the tool pulling claw 300, the blocking plate 601, under the action of the torsion spring, initially touches the inner wall of the spindle rotor 200, and can gradually expand along the space of the blocking groove 602 while the tool pulling claw 300 is displaced. Until the tool pulling claw 300 is tightly connected to the tool pulling rod 203, the blocking plate 601 is completely unfolded in the blocking groove 602. When the spindle rotor 200 rotates during the operation of the equipment and the tool head is replaced according to the processing requirements, the tool pulling claw 300 will loosen due to various reasons such as vibration after long-term use. The blocking plate 601 will touch the arc surface of the blocking groove 602 when it loosens, and the resistance applied to the blocking plate 601 by the blocking groove 602 reduces the loosening phenomenon of the tool pulling claw 300.

[0055] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 ,the main shaft rotor 200 is thermally compensated by the thermal compensation component 400. The compensating piece 401 receives the heat transferred from the bearing 500 during the operation of the equipment, generating thermal expansion in the opposite direction to the main shaft rotor 200, thereby offsetting the thermal error generated during the machining of the main shaft rotor 200 to perform real-time thermal error real-time compensation and ensure the accuracy during machining; after the equipment has been worn out during long-term use, rotate the adjusting rod 802, thereby driving the gear 805 meshed with it through the second tooth 804, and driving the first tooth 403 and the compensating collar 402 to rotate through the gear 805. There is a threaded groove on the main spindle box 100 adapted to the compensating collar 402 and the thread 402-a. The initial position of the compensating collar 402 is threadedly connected to the main spindle box 100 and there is still a margin in the threaded groove. The compensating collar 402 can be displaced towards the bearing 500 during rotation through the thread 402-a. Since the compensating collar 402 gradually thickens along the direction from the compensating piece 401 to the adjusting outer ring 202, the bottom of the compensating collar 402 touches the sliding surface 401-b position on the compensating piece 401 through the sliding column 404 and the first spring 405, so that the compensating piece 401 moves towards the center of the main shaft rotor 200 through the sliding column 404 and the first spring 405. Under the action of the inclined surface 401-a, the thickness of the contact position between the compensating piece 401 and the adjusting outer ring 202 is increased, so that the compensating piece 401 increases the expansion size during thermal compensation, and a slight displacement is generated between the main shaft rotor 200 and the main spindle box 100 to make up for the wear error, thereby adjusting the thermal compensation of the main shaft rotor 200. The subsequent machining can ensure consistent machining accuracy by preheating in advance, so that the equipment can still maintain a high machining accuracy after long-term use and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0056] Refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9, keep the second tooth 804 meshed with the initial position of the annular gear plate 701. When rotating the adjusting rod 802, first push the adjusting rod 802 towards the direction of the second spring 803. By squeezing the second spring 803 through the adjusting rod 802, the end of the adjusting rod 802 close to the second spring 803 is set as an arc surface. At this time, the adjusting rod 802 squeezes the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 through the end surface. Since there is a radial displacement limit for the sliding connection between the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 and the main spindle box 100, when the end surface of the adjusting rod 802 touches the top arc surface of the arc-shaped connecting plate 702, the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 will move towards the center of the main spindle rotor 200. And when the arc-shaped connecting plate 702 is squeezed by the adjusting rod 802, it will drive the connecting arc plate 706 and the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 to displace towards the center of the main spindle rotor 200 at the same time. At this time, the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 will touch the Z-shaped rod 708 during rotation. While rotating the adjusting rod 802, drive the annular gear plate 701 to rotate through the second tooth 804. The annular gear plate 701 drives the arc-shaped connecting plate 702, the connecting arc plate 706 and the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 to rotate at the same time through the connecting column 704. At this time, the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 makes the Z-shaped rod 708, which is angle-limited by the limit block 710, rotate in one angle when being squeezed by the arc-shaped vertical plate 707, that is, the end of the Z-shaped rod 708 in contact with the arc-shaped vertical plate 707 rotates towards the center of the main spindle rotor 200. At the same time, the other end of the Z-shaped rod 708 will touch the tool tightening rod 709, causing the tool tightening rod 709 to rotate. Although the blocking groove 602 increases the resistance to the loosening of the broach claw 300 during long-term use of the equipment, the broach claw 300 will still loosen to a certain extent under the influence of long-term use and equipment vibration. Through the tool tightening groove 603 that penetrates the adjusting rotor housing 201 and communicates with the blocking groove 602, when the tool tightening rod 709 rotates, the end of the tool tightening rod 709 close to the center of the main spindle rotor 200 will touch the loosened blocking plate 601 along the arc surface end of the blocking groove 602 through the tool tightening groove 603. The blocking plate 601 will be touched by the tool tightening rod 709 and rotate back into the blocking groove 602. At the same time, the blocking plate 601 will drive the broach claw 300 to be tightened again, thereby preventing the broach claw 300 from loosening.

[0057] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , by setting the displacement sensor 1000, one group of displacement sensors 1000 monitors the displacement distance of the end of the main spindle rotor 200 in real time during work, and reminds the staff to adjust the equipment in time when the thermal error is large. The other group of displacement sensors 1000 measures the thermal expansion displacement distance generated by the adjusting outer ring 202 during work. The staff can comprehensively consider the displacement distance of the end of the main spindle rotor 200 during work according to the displacement distance generated by the adjusting outer ring 202 during work, so that it is more convenient for the staff to adjust through the adjusting component 800 according to the data.

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate some examples of the implementable part of the technical solution of the present invention rather than limiting the embodiments. The present invention can be understood in more detail with reference to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and all of them should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time compensation device for the thermal error of a machine tool spindle, characterized in that: Including, a headstock (100), a spindle rotor (200), a broach claw (300), a thermal compensation component (400), a bearing (500), a broach component (600), a tool clamping component (700), an adjusting component (800), and a preloading component (900); the spindle rotor (200) includes a rotor housing (201), an adjusting outer ring (202) connected to the rotor housing (201), and a broach rod (203) disposed in the inner cavity of the rotor housing (201); the spindle rotor (200) is rotatably connected to the headstock (100), the broach component (600) is disposed in the inner cavity of the spindle rotor (200), the tool clamping component (700) is disposed on one side of the thermal compensation component (400) close to the adjusting outer ring (202), the preloading component (900) is connected to the headstock (100), the adjusting component (800) adjusts the thermal compensation value of the thermal compensation component (400) for the spindle rotor (200), the broach claw (300) is threadedly connected to the spindle rotor (200), and when the torque of the broach claw (300) decreases, the adjusting component (800) can increase the torque of the broach claw (300) through the broach component (600); the thermal compensation component (400) includes six groups of compensation sheets (401), a compensation collar (402) slidably connected to the outer ring of the compensation sheet (401), first teeth (403) annularly and evenly distributed outside the compensation collar (402), a sliding column (404) fixedly connected to the compensation sheet (401), and a first spring (405) connected to the sliding column (404); the compensation sheet (401) is slidably connected to the headstock (100) through the sliding column (404) and the first spring (405).

2. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting outer ring (202) is in close contact with the compensation sheet (401); an inclined surface (401-a) is provided on the contact side of the compensation sheet (401) and the adjusting outer ring (202), and a sliding surface (401-b) is provided on the contact side of the compensation sheet (401) and the compensation collar (402); the compensation collar (402) is threadedly connected to the headstock (100) through a thread tooth (402-a), and the thickness of the compensation collar (402) gradually increases along the direction from the compensation sheet (401) to the adjusting outer ring (202).

3. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The adjusting component (800) includes a connecting outer ring (801) connected to the outer wall of the headstock (100), an adjusting rod (802) connected to the connecting outer ring (801), a second spring (803) with two ends respectively connected to the adjusting rod (802) and the inner wall of the connecting outer ring (801), second teeth (804) annularly and evenly distributed on the outer wall of the adjusting rod (802), and a gear (805) rotatably connected to the headstock (100); the gear (805) is meshed and connected to the first teeth (403) and the second teeth (804) respectively.

4. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The broaching component (600) includes a barrier plate (601) hinged to the outer wall of the broaching claw (300), and four groups of barrier grooves (602) arranged on the inner wall of the main shaft rotor (200); the barrier plate (601) is connected to the broaching claw (300) through a torsion spring, and one end of the barrier groove (602) is an arc surface and is fan-shaped.

5. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tool tightening component (700) includes an annular gear plate (701), several groups of arc-shaped connecting plates (702) arranged in a circular and evenly distributed manner on one side of the annular gear plate (701), sliding grooves (703) arranged on the arc-shaped connecting plates (702), a connecting column (704) fixedly connected to the annular gear plate (701), a third spring (705) arranged on the sliding grooves (703), a connecting arc plate (706) connected to the side of the arc-shaped connecting plate (702) close to the center of the circle, an arc-shaped vertical plate (707) connected to the bottom of the connecting arc plate (706), a Z-shaped rod (708) rotatably connected to the adjusting outer ring (202), and a tool tightening rod (709) rotatably connected to the rotor housing (201); both ends of the third spring (705) are respectively connected to the connecting column (704) and the arc-shaped connecting plate (702).

6. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the arc-shaped vertical plate (707) gradually decreases from one end to the other end; the Z-shaped rod (708) is connected to the adjusting outer ring (202) through a torsion spring; the tool tightening component (700) further includes a limit block (710), and the limit block (710) blocks the rotation angle of the Z-shaped rod (708).

7. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The broaching component (600) further includes a tool tightening groove (603) arranged outside the barrier groove (602), the tool tightening rod (709) is arranged at the tool tightening groove (603), and the barrier groove (602) is communicated with the tool tightening groove (603).

8. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pre-tightening component (900) includes a pre-tightening bolt (901), a fourth spring (902) arranged on the side of the adjusting outer ring (202) away from the compensation piece (401), and a pre-tightening ring (903) arranged between the pre-tightening bolt (901) and the fourth spring (902); the bottom of the pre-tightening bolt (901) is conical.

9. The real-time thermal error compensation device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 8, characterized in that: It includes two groups of displacement sensors (1000), and the displacement sensors (1000) are respectively arranged at the tool head connection end of the main spindle box (100) and between the pre-tightening ring (903) and the adjusting outer ring (202).

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