Bevel gear machine tool capable of achieving automatic production conveniently

Abstract

The bevel gear machine tool comprises a base plate and a machine tool body placed on the upper surface of the base plate, a Y-axis guide rail (10) is arranged on the upper surface of the machine tool body, a Y-axis sliding table (4) is installed on the Y-axis guide rail in a sliding mode, and a swing shaft (B) parallel to the X axis is rotationally arranged at the front end of the Y-axis sliding table; a tool box (8) is connected with the swing shaft and can do angular motion relative to the Y-axis sliding table, a tool shaft (C) is installed in the middle of the tool box, and when the swing shaft is located at the zero-degree position, a tool installation face on the tool shaft is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; a sliding block (5) capable of moving front and back along the Y axis is arranged on the upper surface of the Y-axis sliding table, the sliding block is connected with the tool box through a connecting rod (6), and when the sliding block moves front and back, the connecting rod drives the tool box to do angular motion relative to the Y-axis sliding table. The cutter head is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the swing shaft driving structure is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a bevel gear machine tool, in particular to a bevel gear machine tool that is convenient for realizing automated production. Background Art

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown, CNC bevel gear machine tools are composed of three linear axes, X, Y, and Z, and three rotary axes, A, B, and C, where A is the workpiece axis, C is the tool axis, B is the swing axis, and the B axis is used to change the angle between the A axis and the C axis. By using a computer to control each axis to perform six-axis five-linkage or six-axis six-linkage, the milling cutter can process straight bevel gears and various spiral bevel gears, and the gear turning cutter can also be used to process face gears, internal cylindrical gears, and external cylindrical gears.

[0003] The key to the design of CNC bevel gear machine tools is to reasonably arrange the configuration of the six CNC axes X, Y, Z, A, B, and C on the machine tool according to the needs, especially the drive mode of the B axis plays a key role. Figure 1 The horizontal type shown has its B axis driven by a friction wheel. Because it is more in line with the principles of mechanics to use vertical machine tools to process bevel gears, since 2004, the mainstream models of CNC bevel gear machine tools have gradually changed from horizontal to vertical. The first generation of vertical machine tools (G27) has four axes X, Y, Z, and C on the bed, and only two axes A and B on the bottom, requiring larger bearings and torque motors to drive the B axis to rotate. The second generation of vertical machine tools (C50) has three axes X, Z, and C on the top, and three axes Y, A, and B on the bottom, but requires larger bearings and torque motors to drive the B axis to rotate, and the processability is not good. Therefore, the third generation of vertical machine tools (C30 / G30) adopts a vertical milling structure, with four axes X, Y, Z, and C on the top, and two axes A and B on the bottom. The structure of the vertical bevel gear machine tools (third generation vertical machine tools) currently mainly used for small and medium modulus is as follows Figure 2 As shown, its B axis is connected to the A axis.

[0004] Figure 2 The vertical bevel gear machine shown has the following defects:

[0005] 1. This vertical machine tool places the four CNC axes X, Y, Z and C on the bed, and only the workpiece axis A and the swing axis B are placed in front of the bed, which makes the machine tool very high, affecting transportation and the rigidity of the machine tool.

[0006] 2. The connection port of the tool axis C faces downward, making it difficult to load and unload the cutter disc. Existing vertical machine tools have to set up a tool fixture on the right side of the workpiece axis A. When changing the tool, first move the tool axis C to the fixture to remove the cutter disc or grinding wheel, then put the new cutter disc and grinding wheel on it, move the tool axis C to the upper interface, and then install the screws.

[0007] 3. The structure of the swing shaft B is too complicated, requiring the use of large-diameter bearings and high-power torque motors. The mass of the workpiece box is large and the eccentricity is serious. A balancing cylinder 17 and a brake device 18 must be installed behind the bed to ensure the smooth operation of the machine tool and power failure protection. The cost is very high and the processability is poor ( Figure 3 ).

[0008] 4. The grinding wheel dresser 15 of the gear grinding machine is placed on the left side of the workpiece box. The drive motor cannot be directly connected to the grinding wheel dresser 15, and the structure is complicated ( Figure 4 ), when dressing the grinding wheel, the workpiece box must be turned right 90 degrees, which is very inconvenient ( Figure 5 ).

[0009] 5. Because the workpiece axis A and the swing axis B are in the middle of the bed, the robot 19 must be inserted to load and unload the workpiece ( Figure 6 ), the loading and unloading of workpieces is not easy to automate and is very costly.

[0010] 6. Since high-precision aviation gears need to be processed using the five-knife method, the convex and concave surfaces of the small wheel must be ground with grinding wheels of different specifications. Figure 2 When the machine tool shown in the figure is to be converted into a double-wheel gear grinder, two tool axes C1 and C2 need to be installed on the bed. The bed needs to be very long, and two drive systems need to be set up to control the two tool axes C1 and C2 respectively. Figure 7 As shown, the cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in view of the shortcomings of the existing vertical bevel gear machine tools, the present invention provides a bevel gear machine tool with convenient cutter head loading and unloading, a simplified swing shaft B driving structure, and easy to realize automated production.

[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A bevel gear machine tool that is convenient for realizing automated production, comprising a chassis and a bed placed on the upper surface of the chassis, wherein an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis are arranged on the bed, wherein the X-axis and the Y-axis are parallel to a horizontal plane, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are perpendicular to each other, and the structural features are:

[0014] The upper surface of the bed is provided with a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis slide is slidably installed on the Y-axis guide rail, a swing axis parallel to the X-axis is rotatably provided at the front end of the Y-axis slide, a tool box is connected to the swing axis, and the tool box can make angular motion relative to the Y-axis slide, a tool shaft is installed in the middle of the tool box, and when the swing axis is at the zero degree position, the tool installation surface on the tool shaft is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0015] The upper surface of the Y-axis slide is provided with a slider which can move forward and backward along the Y-axis. The slider is connected to the tool box by a connecting rod. When the slider moves forward and backward, the connecting rod drives the tool box to make angular motion relative to the Y-axis slide.

[0016] A further improvement of the above scheme is that a Z-axis guide rail and a Z-axis slide that can move up and down along the Z-axis are arranged in front of the bed, an X-axis guide rail and a workpiece box that can move left and right along the X-axis are arranged on the Z-axis slide, and a workpiece axis is installed on the workpiece box.

[0017] A further improvement of the above scheme is that the ends of the Z-axis slide and the X-axis guide rail extend out of the bed, and when the workpiece is loaded and unloaded, the workpiece box slides out of the bed through the X-axis guide rail.

[0018] A further improvement of the above scheme is that when used as a gear milling machine, a cutter disc is installed on the tool shaft, and when used as a gear grinding machine, a grinding wheel is installed on the tool shaft.

[0019] A further improvement of the above scheme is that when used as a gear grinding machine, a grinding wheel dresser that can be telescopically moved up and down is installed on one side of the workpiece box.

[0020] A further improvement of the above scheme is that two tool shafts are installed in parallel on the tool box, and grinding wheels of different sizes for processing the convex surface of the gear and the concave surface of the gear are respectively installed on the two tool shafts.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1) The machine tool structure of the present invention places the Y axis, tool axis C and swing axis B on the top of the bed, and places the workpiece axis A and linear axes X and Z in front of the bed, so that the bevel gear machine tool of the present invention has a small volume and good rigidity;

[0023] 2) The tool box of the present invention is connected to the swing shaft, and the tool box can make angular motion relative to the Y-axis slide through the swing shaft. When the swing shaft is at zero degrees, the tool shaft on the tool box is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the tool installation surface is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The tool loading and unloading method of the horizontal machine tool can be used to load and unload the cutter disc or the grinding wheel, and the loading and unloading operation is very convenient;

[0024] 3) The swing axis B of the present invention is driven by a slider and a connecting rod, and has a simple and reliable structure. It does not require the balancing device and brake device of the third generation vertical machine tool, nor does it require a bearing and a torque motor with a large diameter, and has a low manufacturing cost;

[0025] 4) When the machine tool structure of the present invention is made into a gear grinding machine, the grinding wheel dresser can be placed on the left side of the workpiece box, and the driving motor can be directly connected to the grinding wheel dresser to realize grinding wheel dressing. When dressing the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel dresser is pushed out by the oil cylinder, and when grinding the gear, the grinding wheel dresser is retracted by the oil cylinder, which is both beautiful and convenient.

[0026] 5) The machine tool structure of the present invention lengthens the Z-axis slide and the X-axis guide rail. After the workpiece is processed, the workpiece box can be moved outside the bed through the Z-axis slide and the X-axis guide rail, which is convenient for loading and unloading the workpiece using a robot. It is easy to realize automated loading and unloading and production of workpieces, providing convenience for the establishment of a "dark factory".

[0027] 6) The machine tool structure of the present invention can be easily made into a double-head gear grinding machine by simply placing the two tool axes C1 and C2 side by side. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first generation of CNC bevel gear machine tools.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third-generation vertical bevel gear machine tool.

[0031] Figure 3 This is the structural diagram of the B-axis of the third-generation vertical bevel gear machine.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the grinding wheel dressing device and drive motor of the third-generation vertical bevel gear machine tool.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding wheel dressing status of the third-generation vertical bevel gear machine tool.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the automated loading and unloading status of workpieces for the third-generation vertical bevel gear machine tool.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the third generation vertical bevel gear machine used as a double-grinding wheel vertical gear grinding machine.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical bevel gear machine tool of the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the loading and unloading state of the cutter disc or grinding wheel of the vertical bevel gear machine tool of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the grinding wheel dressing state of the vertical bevel gear machine tool of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the workpiece loading and unloading state of the vertical bevel gear machine tool of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.12 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical bevel gear machine tool used as a double-grinding wheel gear grinding machine.

[0041] In the figure: 1-chassis, 2-bed, 3-Z-axis slide, 4-Y-axis slide, 5-slider, 6-connecting rod, 7-pivot shaft, 8-tool box, 9-tool disc, 10-Y-axis guide rail, 11-workpiece, 12-workpiece box, 13-Z-axis guide rail, 14-X-axis guide rail, 15-grinding wheel dresser, 16-grinding wheel, 17-balancing cylinder, 18-brake device, 19-manipulator, A-workpiece axis, B-swing axis, C-tool axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] See also Figure 8 - Fig. 9 As shown, an embodiment of a bevel gear machine tool of the present invention comprises a chassis 1 and a bed 2 placed on the upper surface of the chassis 1, wherein the bed 2 is provided with an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis, wherein the X-axis and the Y-axis are parallel to a horizontal plane, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are perpendicular to each other.

[0046] The upper surface of the bed 2 is provided with a Y-axis guide rail 10, on which a Y-axis slide 4 is slidably mounted, and a swing axis B parallel to the X-axis is rotatably arranged at the front end of the Y-axis slide 4, and a tool box 8 is connected to the swing axis B, and the tool box 8 can make angular motion relative to the Y-axis slide 4, and a tool axis C is installed in the middle of the tool box 8. Fig. 9 As shown, when the swing axis B is at the zero degree position, the cutter disc mounting surface on the tool axis C is perpendicular to the ground (horizontal plane), and the cutter disc or grinding wheel can be loaded and unloaded using the tool loading and unloading method of a horizontal machine tool, and the loading and unloading operation is very convenient.

[0047] The upper surface of the Y-axis slide 4 is provided with a slider 5 which can move forward and backward along the Y-axis. The slider 5 is connected to the tool box 8 by a connecting rod 6. When the slider 5 moves forward and backward along the Y-axis, the connecting rod 6 drives the tool box 8 to make angular motion relative to the Y-axis slide 4.

[0048] A Z-axis guide rail 13 and a Z-axis slide 3 that can move up and down along the Z-axis are arranged in front of the bed 2. An X-axis guide rail 14 and a workpiece box 12 that can move left and right along the X-axis are arranged on the Z-axis slide 3. A workpiece shaft A for mounting a processing gear is installed on the workpiece box 12.

[0049] When the bevel gear machine tool of the present invention is used, the workpiece axis A and the tool axis C can translate relative to each other in three different directions: X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis. The tool axis C can also be adjusted to the angle required for processing with the workpiece axis A through pivoting motion.

[0050] The bevel gear machine tool of the present invention can be used as a processing machine tool for bevel gear milling and grinding. When used as a gear milling machine, the cutter head can be used to process straight bevel gears, spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears, cycloid bevel gears and hypoid gears, and the gear turning cutter can be used to process face gears, internal and external cylindrical gears. The milling is mainly dry cutting, and wet cutting can also be used with a cooling device. When grinding, the conical grinding wheel can be used to grind spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears, end face spiral gear couplings, high reduction ratio gears, and long taper pitch gears, and the sheet grinding wheel can be used to grind straight bevel gears and face gears.

[0051] When the bevel gear machine tool of the present invention is used as a gear milling machine, a cutter disc 9 is installed on the tool shaft C.

[0052] like Fig.10 As shown, when the bevel gear machine tool of the present invention is used as a gear grinding machine, a grinding wheel 16 is installed on the tool shaft C, and a grinding wheel dresser 15 that can move up and down is telescopically installed on the left side of the workpiece box 11. When the grinding wheel 16 is being dressed, the grinding wheel dresser 15 is pushed out, and the grinding wheel dresser 15 is retracted at ordinary times.

[0053] like Fig.11As shown, the right ends of the Z-axis slide plate 3 and the X-axis guide rail 14 extend out of the bed 2. When the workpiece 10 is loaded and unloaded, the workpiece box 12 slides out of the bed 2 through the X-axis guide rail 14, which further facilitates the use of a robot to grab the workpiece gear for loading and unloading, thereby realizing the automation of gear loading and unloading.

[0054] like Fig.12 As shown, the vertical bevel gear machine tool of the present invention can be used as a double-head gear grinding machine. It only needs to install two tool shafts C1 and C2 in parallel on the tool box 8, and the two tool shafts C1 and C2 are respectively installed with grinding wheels of different sizes for processing the convex surface and the concave surface of the gear, so as to ensure that both sides of the gear are processed in one clamping to obtain higher gear accuracy.

[0055] The above is only a specific implementation scheme of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical scheme of the present invention by using the technical content disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bevel gear machine tool for realizing automated production, comprising a chassis (1) and a bed (2) placed on the upper surface of the chassis, wherein an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis are arranged on the bed, wherein the X-axis and the Y-axis are parallel to a horizontal plane, the Z-axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are perpendicular to each other, and wherein: The upper surface of the bed is provided with a Y-axis guide rail (10), a Y-axis slide table (4) is slidably mounted on the Y-axis guide rail, a swing axis (B) parallel to the X-axis is rotatably arranged at the front end of the Y-axis slide table, a tool box (8) is connected to the swing axis, and the tool box can make angular motion relative to the Y-axis slide table, a tool shaft (C) is installed in the middle of the tool box, and when the swing axis is at a zero degree position, the tool mounting surface on the tool shaft is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; The upper surface of the Y-axis slide is provided with a slider (5) which can move forward and backward along the Y-axis. The slider is connected to the tool box by a connecting rod (6). When the slider moves forward and backward, the connecting rod drives the tool box to make angular movement relative to the Y-axis slide.

2. The bevel gear machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A Z-axis guide rail (13) and a Z-axis slide plate (3) capable of moving up and down along the Z-axis are arranged in front of the bed, an X-axis guide rail (14) and a workpiece box (12) capable of moving left and right along the X-axis are arranged on the Z-axis slide plate, and a workpiece axis (A) is installed on the workpiece box.

3. The bevel gear machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ends of the Z-axis slide plate and the X-axis guide rail extend out of the bed. When the workpiece is loaded and unloaded, the workpiece box slides out of the bed through the X-axis guide rail.

4. The bevel gear machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: When used as a gear milling machine, a cutter disc is installed on the tool shaft, and when used as a gear grinding machine, a grinding wheel is installed on the tool shaft.

5. The bevel gear machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: When used as a gear grinding machine, a grinding wheel dresser capable of being telescopically moved up and down is installed on one side of the workpiece box.

6. The bevel gear machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two tool shafts are installed in parallel on the tool box, and grinding wheels of different sizes for processing the convex surface of the gear and the concave surface of the gear are respectively installed on the two tool shafts.

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