Design method of primary suspension system

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a primary suspension system, which is characterized in that the primary suspension system is designed into an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a steel spring, the upper clamping plate comprises an upper clamping plate body and a central shaft, and the lower clamping plate comprises a lower clamping plate body and a mounting cylinder; one end of the central shaft is connected with the upper clamping plate body, the other end of the central shaft extends into the mounting cylinder, a steel spring is further arranged between the upper clamping plate body and the lower clamping plate body, one end of the steel spring is in contact with the upper clamping plate body, the other end of the steel spring is in contact with the lower clamping plate body, and the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state; according to the design method, a multi-layer rubber node is arranged in an installation cylinder, the other end of a center shaft is connected with the installation cylinder through the multi-layer rubber node, and the horizontal center lines of all layers of rubber bodies of the multi-layer rubber node coincide with the position of a horizontal line L; during working, the steel springs are used for bearing vertical loads, and the multiple layers of rubber nodes with each layer of rubber body located in the middle position are used for bearing horizontal loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a design method for a primary suspension system, belonging to the technical field of locomotive bogie manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] The primary suspension system is the suspension device between the vehicle bogie frame and the wheelset, which usually includes axle box springs (such as conical laminated rubber springs or metal coil springs), vertical hydraulic shock absorbers, positioning devices, etc. It is the first-level vibration reduction device of the vehicle suspension system.

[0003] It has the following functions: 1. Vibration reduction function: including vertical vibration reduction: through the axle box spring and vertical hydraulic shock absorber, the vertical impact between the wheelset and the track is absorbed to reduce the vertical vibration of the vehicle body; lateral and longitudinal vibration reduction: through the positioning device and shock absorber, the lateral and longitudinal swing of the wheelset is suppressed to improve the driving stability of the vehicle.

[0004] 2. Force transmission: Vertical force: The vertical load borne by the wheelset is transmitted to the frame through the axle box spring. Longitudinal force: The traction and braking force are transmitted to the wheelset through the axle box to drive the vehicle forward or brake. Lateral force: When driving on a curve, the lateral force is transmitted through the positioning device to ensure the correct contact between the wheelset and the track.

[0005] 3. Positioning function: Lateral positioning: limit the lateral displacement of the wheelset to prevent abnormal friction between the wheel rim and the track. Longitudinal positioning: control the longitudinal displacement of the wheelset to ensure the relative position of the wheelset and the track is stable.

[0006] A Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN104163180A and application publication date November 26, 2014 discloses a primary axle box suspension positioning device for a railway freight car bogie, comprising an axle box, a vertical hydraulic shock absorber arranged between the top of the axle box and the side frame of a frame composition, spring guide columns arranged between the top of spring bearing platforms on both sides of the axle box and the bottom of the frame composition, steel round springs and rubber pile positioners, and lifting blocks arranged under the spring bearing platforms on both sides of the axle box, the upper end plane of the spring guide column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame composition, the middle section of the spring guide column is inserted into the inner ring of the rubber pile positioner, the bottom surface of the rubber pile positioner is located on the spring bearing platform of the axle box, and the lower part of the outer ring of the rubber pile positioner is provided with a buffer rubber pad. A rigid washer is arranged on the pad surface, and the steel round spring is arranged between the rigid washer and the upper end plane of the spring guide column; the lower end of the spring guide column passes through the through hole on the spring support platform of the axle box and the center hole on the lifting block in sequence, and is provided with a first-level thread, a positioning step and a second-level thread from top to bottom, the first-level thread is equipped with a large slotted nut that tightly fits with the bottom of the rubber pile locator, the lifting block is sleeved between the positioning step and the second-level thread, and the second-level thread is equipped with a small slotted nut that can lock the lifting block to the bottom surface of the positioning step; the steel round spring is loosened and separated from the upper end plane of the spring guide column when the vehicle is empty, and the steel round spring is pressed against the upper end plane of the spring guide column when the vehicle is heavy, and the lifting block is supported under the spring support platform of the axle box during lifting.

[0007] In the first-stage axle box suspension positioning device of the above-mentioned patent document, a steel round spring is sleeved on the outside of the rubber pile positioner. When the product is subjected to horizontal load, it mainly relies on the radial stiffness provided by the rubber pile positioner to bear the load. However, the rubber pile positioner adopts a conical spring structure, and its radial stiffness does not meet the requirements, thereby affecting the dynamic characteristics of the first-stage suspension and sometimes failing to ensure the safety and stability of driving. Summary of the invention

[0008] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a design method for a primary suspension system in response to the defects in the prior art, so that the primary suspension system designed by this method can provide higher radial stiffness to withstand horizontal loads, thereby improving the dynamic characteristics of the primary suspension and further ensuring the safety and stability of driving.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a design method of a series suspension system, which is to design the series suspension system into three parts: an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a steel spring, the upper clamping plate includes an upper clamping plate body and a central axis arranged on one side of the upper clamping plate body, the lower clamping plate includes a lower clamping plate body and a mounting cylinder arranged on one side of the lower clamping plate body; one end of the central axis is connected to the upper clamping plate body, and the other end of the central axis extends into the mounting cylinder, and a steel spring is further arranged between the upper clamping plate body and the lower clamping plate body, one end of the steel spring is in contact with the upper clamping plate body, and the other end of the steel spring is in contact with the lower clamping plate body, and the steel spring is in a pre-compression state; The design method is to set a multi-layer rubber node in the installation cylinder, connect the other end of the central axis with the installation cylinder through the multi-layer rubber node, and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is in the middle position, that is, the horizontal center line of each layer of rubber body coincides with the horizontal line L position; when working, the steel spring is used to bear the vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber node with each layer of rubber body in the middle position is used to bear the horizontal load.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-layer rubber node further comprises an inner sleeve body, an outer sleeve body and a plurality of spacers arranged between the inner sleeve body and the outer sleeve body, wherein the inner sleeve body, the plurality of spacers and the outer sleeve body are bonded together by vulcanization of the rubber body, thereby forming a multi-layer rubber body in the multi-layer rubber node; the inner cavity of the inner sleeve body comprises a conical cavity located at the top and a cylindrical cavity located at the bottom, wherein the large end of the conical cavity is at the top and the small end is at the bottom, and the cylindrical cavity is connected to the small end of the conical cavity; the central axis comprises a central axis cone, ... A second spindle cone and a central axis column, wherein the large end of the first spindle cone is connected to the upper clamping plate, the large end of the second spindle cone is connected to the small end of the first spindle cone, and the diameter ΦA of the large end of the second spindle cone is less than the diameter ΦB of the small end of the first spindle cone, one end of the central axis column is connected to the small end of the second spindle cone, and an external thread is arranged on the other end of the central axis column, the taper of the second spindle cone matches the taper of the conical cavity, and the diameter of the central axis column is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity; After assembly, the multi-layer rubber node is interference-pressed into the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate and the central axis of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the conical surface of the central axis cone 2 of the central axis is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node. The central axis column of the central axis passes through the cylindrical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve and is exposed in the cylindrical cavity. A nut is threadedly connected to the central axis column exposed in the cylindrical cavity, and the central axis column and the inner shaft sleeve are connected by the nut.

[0011] Preferably, the assembly steps of the primary suspension system are: S1. First, interference fit the multi-layer rubber node with each layer of rubber body in the middle into the installation cylinder of the lower clamping plate, and then fit the steel spring into the installation cylinder; S2, using a tool to support the inner sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node, and then applying downward pressure to the upper clamping plate to make the upper clamping plate move downward. During the downward movement of the upper clamping plate, the upper clamping plate body of the upper clamping plate contacts the upper end of the steel spring and gradually applies downward pressure F to the steel spring. After moving down to the right position, the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state. At the same time, during the downward movement of the upper clamping plate, the central axis of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the conical surface of the central axis cone 2 of the central axis and the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node are in interference fit contact with each other, and the central axis column of the central axis passes through the cylindrical cavity of the inner sleeve and is exposed in the cylindrical cavity; S3, while maintaining the pressure F and each rubber layer of the multi-layer rubber node is in the middle position, insert the positioning sleeve upward onto the central axis column exposed in the cylindrical cavity. After completion, the central axis column passes through the top of the positioning sleeve and the top of the positioning sleeve contacts the inner sleeve body, and the bottom of the positioning sleeve contacts the lower clamping plate; S4. Tighten the nut on the central axis column passing through the positioning sleeve, so that the upper clamping plate, the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node and the positioning sleeve form an integrated structure, and then cancel the pressure F. At this time, the bottom of the positioning sleeve contacts the lower clamping plate to form an upward limiting structure.

[0012] Preferably, the installation steps of the primary suspension system are: 1) Connect the upper plate body and the lower plate body of the primary suspension system in the pre-installed state to the bogie frame assembly and the wheelset axle box assembly of the empty vehicle respectively; 2) Loosen the nut and remove the positioning sleeve. At this time, due to the downward force of the empty vehicle load, the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is also in the middle position; 3) Tighten the nut again on the central shaft column passing through the positioning sleeve and the end face of the nut contacts the inner sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the upper clamping plate and the inner sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node form an integrated structure.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning sleeve includes a sleeve body with an inverted U-shaped axial cross-section and a sleeve body flange arranged at the bottom opening of the sleeve body, and an inner sleeve is also arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate. When the positioning sleeve is upwardly inserted into the central axis column, the positioning sleeve is located in the inner sleeve, and the central axis column passes through the top of the sleeve body of the positioning sleeve, the top of the sleeve body contacts the end face of the inner shaft sleeve body, and the sleeve body flange of the sleeve contacts the bottom end face of the inner sleeve; after tightening the nut, the sleeve body flange of the sleeve contacts the bottom end face of the inner sleeve to form an upward limiting structure.

[0014] Preferably, the inner circumference of the installation cylinder is set as a vertical surface, and the outer shell of the multi-layer rubber node is in contact with the vertical inner circumference of the installation cylinder, so that the multi-layer rubber node is interference-pressed in the installation cylinder of the lower clamping plate.

[0015] Preferably, a lower step portion and an upper retaining ring groove are further provided on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder, an upper retaining ring is provided in the upper retaining ring groove, and the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder is set as a vertical surface. After the outer shell of the multi-layer rubber node is installed in contact with the vertical inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder through interference, the lower step portion is in contact with the lower end surface of the outer shell, and the upper retaining ring is in contact with the upper end surface of the outer shell, so as to axially limit the outer shell of the multi-layer rubber node.

[0016] Preferably, a sealing ring is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the second center shaft cone. When the center shaft is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve, the sealing ring is pressed against the small head end surface of the first center shaft cone by the upper end surface of the inner shaft sleeve to form a sealing structure.

[0017] Preferably, the axial height of the conical cavity is set to H1, and the axial height of the center axis cone 2 is set to H2, then H2

[0018] Preferably, a through hole for draining water in the pre-installation state is also provided on the connection portion between the inner sleeve and the installation cylinder.

[0019] ​The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention uses a steel spring to mainly bear vertical loads through design, and uses a multi-layer rubber node in which each layer of rubber body is in the middle position to provide a large radial stiffness to mainly bear horizontal loads, thereby improving the dynamic characteristics of the primary suspension and further ensuring the safety and stability of driving. By designing a primary interference fit structure between the multi-layer rubber node and the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate and a secondary cone surface interference fit structure between the central axis of the upper clamping plate and the inner shaft sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node, when the product is working, the load is transferred from the lower clamping plate to the upper clamping plate through the primary interference fit and the primary cone surface fit in turn, and gapless transfer is achieved at the internal level of the primary suspension device, which further optimizes the dynamic characteristics of this embodiment and enhances the use effect. By designing the assembly steps, it is possible to achieve that after the product assembly is completed and the pressure F is cancelled, the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is also in a state of the middle position. The multi-layer rubber node is only subjected to the radial pre-compression load and will not be affected by the axial load, thereby avoiding the problem of creep relaxation of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node in the pre-installed state, thereby eliminating the risk of hidden dangers and further improving the safety and stability of driving. By designing the installation steps, after the first-series suspension system in the present invention is installed on an empty vehicle, it is also possible to ensure that the steel spring of the first-series suspension system is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is also in a state of the middle position. In addition, it should be noted that this embodiment realizes that the steel spring of the first-series suspension system is always in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is always in a state of the middle position during the whole process from assembly to loading of the first-series suspension system by designing the above-mentioned first-series suspension system assembly steps and the installation steps when installing on an empty vehicle. No matter how long the interval time from assembly to loading is, the initial state of the first-series suspension system can always be guaranteed, thereby greatly improving the service life of the first-series suspension system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an axial cross-sectional structure of a multi-layer rubber node in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the upper clamping plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the principle steps of assembling a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the principle steps of assembling a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 6Schematic diagram of the principle steps of assembling a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 ; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the principle steps of assembling a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 ; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the principle steps of assembling a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 ; Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the principle steps of assembling a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 6 ; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the positioning sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 for Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle part A; Fig.12 The schematic diagram of the principle steps of installing a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 ; Fig.13 The schematic diagram of the principle steps of installing a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 ; Fig.14 The schematic diagram of the principle steps of installing a suspension system in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 ; Fig.15 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle B part; Fig.16 for Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle C part; In the figure: 1. upper splint; 111. upper splint body; 112. central axis; 113. central axis cone 1; 114. central axis cone 2; 115. Figure 1 Center shaft column; 2. Lower clamping plate; 211. Lower clamping plate body; 212. Mounting cylinder; 213. Inner sleeve; 214. Lower step; 215. Upper retaining ring groove; 3. Steel spring; 4. Multi-layer rubber node; 411. Rubber body; 412. Inner shaft sleeve body; 413. Outer sleeve body; 414. Spacer; 415. Conical cavity; 416. Cylindrical cavity; 5. External thread; 6. Nut; 7. Positioning sleeve; 711. Sleeve body; 712. Sleeve body flange; 8. Bogie frame components; 9. Wheel set axle box components; 10. Upper retaining ring; 11. Sealing ring; 12. Gap; 13. Through hole; 14. Groove; 15. Upper drainage hole; 16. Rubber pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Example: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a design method of a primary suspension system is to design the primary suspension system into three parts: an upper clamping plate 1, a lower clamping plate 2 and a steel spring 3. The upper clamping plate 1 includes an upper clamping plate body 111 and a central axis 112 arranged on one side of the upper clamping plate body 111. The upper clamping plate body 111 and the central axis 112 can be set as an integral structure. The lower clamping plate 2 includes a lower clamping plate body 211 and a mounting cylinder 212 arranged on one side of the lower clamping plate body 211. The plate body 211 and the mounting cylinder 212 can also be set as an integral structure; one end of the central axis 112 is connected to the upper clamping plate body 111, and the other end of the central axis 112 extends into the mounting cylinder 212. A steel spring 3 is also arranged between the upper clamping plate body 111 and the lower clamping plate body 211, and one end of the steel spring 3 is in contact with the upper clamping plate body 111, and the other end of the steel spring 3 is in contact with the lower clamping plate body 211, and the steel spring 3 is in a pre-compressed state. The design method is to set a multi-layer rubber node 4 in the mounting cylinder 212, and connect the other end of the central axis 112 with the mounting cylinder 212 through the multi-layer rubber node 4, and each layer of rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is in the middle position, that is, the horizontal center line of each layer of rubber body 411 coincides with the horizontal line L position. In this way, during operation, the steel spring 3 is mainly used to bear the vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber node 4 in which each layer of rubber body 411 is located in the middle position provides a larger radial stiffness to mainly bear the horizontal load, thereby improving the dynamic characteristics of the primary suspension and further ensuring the safety and stability of driving.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the upper clamping plate body 111 is connected to the bogie frame assembly (not shown in the figure), the lower clamping plate body 211 is connected to the wheelset axle box assembly (not shown in the figure), and the multi-layer rubber node 4 also includes an inner sleeve body 412, an outer sleeve body 413, and a plurality of spacers 414 arranged between the inner sleeve body 412 and the outer sleeve body 413. The inner sleeve body 412, the plurality of spacers 414, and the outer sleeve body 413 are all vulcanized and bonded together by the rubber body 411, so as to form a multi-layer rubber body 411 in the multi-layer rubber node 4. The inner cavity of the inner sleeve body 411 includes a conical cavity 415 located at the top and a cylindrical cavity 416 located at the bottom. The large end of the conical cavity 415 is at the top, and the small end is at the bottom. The cylindrical cavity 416 is connected to the small end of the conical cavity 415. The center shaft 112 includes a center shaft cone 113, a center shaft cone 114 and a center shaft column 115. The large end of the center shaft cone 113 is connected to the upper clamping plate 111, the large end of the center shaft cone 114 is connected to the small end of the center shaft cone 113, and the diameter ΦA of the large end of the center shaft cone 114 is less than the diameter ΦB of the small end of the center shaft cone 113. One end of the center shaft column 115 is connected to the small end of the center shaft cone 114, and an external thread 5 is provided on the other end of the center shaft column 115. The taper of the center shaft cone 114 matches the taper of the conical cavity 415, and the diameter of the center shaft column 115 is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 416. After assembly, the multi-layer rubber node 4 is interference-pressed into the mounting cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate 2 and the central axis 112 of the upper clamping plate 1 is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4. At this time, the conical surface of the central axis cone 114 of the central axis 112 and the conical surface of the conical cavity 415 of the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 are in interference fit contact with each other, and the central axis column 115 of the central axis 112 passes through the cylindrical cavity 416 of the inner shaft sleeve 412 and is exposed in the cylindrical cavity 416. A nut 6 is threadedly connected to the central axis column 115 exposed in the cylindrical cavity 416, and the central axis column 115 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 are connected by the nut 6. This embodiment designs a primary interference fit structure between the multi-layer rubber node 4 and the mounting cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate 2 and a secondary cone surface interference fit structure between the central axis 112 of the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, so that when the product is working, the load is transferred from the lower clamping plate 2 to the upper clamping plate 1 through the primary interference fit and the primary cone surface fit in sequence, and gapless transfer is achieved at the internal level of the first-stage suspension device, which further optimizes the dynamic characteristics of this embodiment and enhances the use effect. The central axis cylinder and the inner shaft sleeve are connected by a nut, which can save more design space for adjusting the performance matching of the rubber node.

[0024] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned first-series suspension system combining steel springs 3 and multi-layer rubber nodes 4 is in a pre-installed state after the components are assembled and before being installed on an empty vehicle, and the components are assembled into an independent individual structure. After the assembly is completed, the above-mentioned first-series suspension system combining steel springs 3 and multi-layer rubber nodes 4 in a pre-installed state may be placed in a warehouse for a long time, and it needs to wait for the right time to be installed between the bogie frame component and the wheelset axle box component of the empty vehicle. During the assembly process, the steel springs 3 of the first-series suspension system are in a pre-compression state and each layer of rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in the middle position. Since the installation time is uncertain, that is, the length of the pre-installation state is uncertain, therefore, in the pre-installation state, it is necessary to ensure that the above-mentioned steel springs 3 are always in a pre-compression state and each layer of rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also always in the middle position. Therefore, if Figures 4 to 9 As shown, this embodiment also provides a design method for assembling a primary suspension system, comprising the following steps: S1, firstly, the multi-layer rubber node 4 with each layer of rubber body 411 in the middle position is installed in the installation cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate 2 by interference fit, and then the steel spring 3 (such as Figure 4 shown); S2. Use a tool (not shown in the figure) to support the inner sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, and then apply downward pressure to the upper clamping plate 1 to make the upper clamping plate 1 move downward. During the downward movement of the upper clamping plate 1, the upper clamping plate body 111 of the upper clamping plate 1 contacts the upper end of the steel spring 3 and gradually applies downward pressure F to the steel spring 3. After moving down to the right position, the steel spring 3 is in a pre-compressed state, and the central axis 112 of the upper clamping plate 1 is inserted into the inner sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4. At this time, the conical surface of the central axis cone 114 of the central axis 112 and the conical surface of the conical cavity 415 of the inner sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 are in interference fit contact with each other, and the central axis column 115 of the central axis 112 passes through the cylindrical cavity 416 of the inner sleeve body 412 and is exposed to the cylindrical cavity 416 (such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown); S3, while maintaining the pressure F and each rubber layer 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is in the middle position, insert the positioning sleeve 7 upward onto the central axis column 115 exposed in the cylindrical cavity 416. After completion, the central axis column 115 passes through the top of the positioning sleeve 7 and the top of the positioning sleeve 7 contacts the inner sleeve body 412, and the bottom of the positioning sleeve 7 contacts the lower clamping plate 2 (such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown); S4. Tighten the nut 6 on the central axis column 115 passing through the positioning sleeve 7, so that the upper clamping plate 1, the inner shaft sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 and the positioning sleeve 7 form an integrated structure, and then cancel the pressure F. At this time, due to the effect of the steel spring restoring force, the inner shaft sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 will have a tendency to move upward, but because the bottom of the positioning sleeve 7 contacts with the lower clamping plate 2 to form an upward limiting structure, it can be ensured that after the pressure F is canceled, the integrated structure formed by the upper clamping plate 1, the inner shaft sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 and the positioning sleeve 7 is still in a stationary state, thereby achieving the state that the steel spring 3 is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in an intermediate position (such as Fig. 9 as shown).

[0025] Therefore, it can be seen from the above steps that since the length of time the product is in the pre-installation state after assembly is completed is uncertain, if the above steps are not adopted, when the product is assembled and the pressure F is cancelled, the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 will be driven to move upward in sequence under the restoring force of the steel spring 3, thereby causing a long-term axial load effect on the rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, causing the rubber body to creep and relax, thereby forming a risk to the safety and stability of driving. However, this embodiment can achieve that after the product is assembled and the pressure F is cancelled, it can also ensure that the steel spring 3 is in a pre-compression state and each layer of the rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in a state of the middle position, and the multi-layer rubber node 4 is only subjected to the radial pre-compression load and will not be affected by the axial load, thereby avoiding the problem of creep relaxation of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node in the pre-installation state, thereby eliminating the risk and further improving the safety and stability of driving.

[0026] like Figure 8 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the positioning sleeve 7 includes a sleeve body 711 with an inverted U-shaped axial cross section and a sleeve body flange 712 arranged at the bottom opening of the sleeve body 711. The sleeve body 711 and the sleeve body flange 712 can be designed as an integral structure. An inner sleeve 213 is also provided on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate. The inner sleeve 213 is located in the inner cavity of the mounting cylinder 212 and the inner sleeve 213 and the mounting cylinder 212 can be designed as an integral structure. After the sleeve 7 is inserted upward onto the central shaft column 115, the positioning sleeve 7 is located in the inner sleeve 213, and the central shaft column 115 passes through the top of the sleeve body 711 of the positioning sleeve 7, the top of the sleeve body 711 contacts the end face of the inner shaft sleeve body 412, and the sleeve body flange 712 of the sleeve 7 contacts the bottom end face of the inner sleeve 213; after tightening the nut 6, the sleeve body flange 712 of the sleeve 7 contacts the bottom end face of the inner sleeve 213 to form an upward limiting structure.

[0027] When the primary suspension system of this embodiment is installed on an empty vehicle, it is still necessary to ensure that the steel spring 3 of the primary suspension system is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in a middle position. Figure 12 to Figure 14 As shown, this embodiment also provides a design method for a suspension system from a pre-installation state to an installation state, comprising the following steps: 1) Connect the upper clamping plate 111 and the lower clamping plate 211 of the primary suspension system in the pre-installed state to the bogie frame assembly 8 and the wheelset axle box assembly 9 of the empty vehicle respectively (such as Fig.12 shown); 2) Loosen the nut 6 and remove the positioning sleeve 7. At this time, due to the downward force of the empty vehicle load, the steel spring 3 is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in a middle position (such as Fig.13 shown); 3) Tighten the nut 6 again on the central shaft column 115 passing through the positioning sleeve 7 and the end face of the nut 6 contacts the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node form an integrated structure. In the actual working process, the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node can vibrate up and down along the axial direction together (such as Fig.14 as shown).

[0028] By designing the above-mentioned steps of installing on an empty vehicle, after the primary suspension system in this embodiment is installed on the empty vehicle, it can be ensured that the steel spring 3 of the primary suspension system is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of rubber body 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in a middle position.

[0029] In addition, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, by designing the above-mentioned assembly steps of the primary suspension system and the installation steps when installing on an empty vehicle, it is achieved that during the whole process from assembly to installation of the primary suspension system, the steel spring of the primary suspension system is always in a pre-compressed state and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is always in a middle position. No matter how long the interval between assembly and installation is, the initial state of the primary suspension system can always be guaranteed, thereby greatly improving the service life of the primary suspension system.

[0030] like Figure 4 and Fig.15A lower step portion 214 and an upper retaining ring groove 215 are also provided on the inner circumference of the installation cylinder 212, and an upper retaining ring 10 is provided in the upper retaining ring groove 215. The inner circumference of the installation cylinder 212 is set as a vertical surface. After the outer sleeve 413 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is installed by interference fit with the vertical inner circumference of the installation cylinder 212, the lower step portion 214 is in contact with the lower end surface of the outer sleeve 413, and the upper retaining ring 10 is in contact with the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 413, so as to axially limit the outer sleeve 413 of the multi-layer rubber node 4.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 3 as well as Fig.16 As shown, a sealing ring 11 is also sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the center shaft cone 114. When the center shaft 112 is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve 412, the sealing ring 11 is pressed and contacted on the small head end surface of the center shaft cone 1 113 by the upper end surface of the inner shaft sleeve 412 to form a sealing structure. In the actual working process, it is found that water and dust always penetrate here. For this reason, by designing the above-mentioned sealing structure, the entry of external water and dust during the working process is avoided, thereby further improving the service life of the first-series suspension system. The axial height of the conical cavity 415 is set to H1, and the axial height of the center shaft cone 114 is set to H2, then H2

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, a through hole 13 is also provided on the connection portion between the inner sleeve 213 and the mounting cylinder 212. The through hole 13 has two functions. One is to be used as a drainage hole in the pre-installed state. Please refer to Fig. 9 Because in the pre-installed state, the bottom is blocked by the positioning sleeve 7, and the water infiltrated from the outside cannot be discharged smoothly. Therefore, adding the through hole 13 can discharge the water infiltrated from the outside in the pre-installed state; another function is to serve as a disassembly hole. When disassembling, the disassembly tool can be inserted into the through hole 13 to push out the multi-layer rubber node 4.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the upper clamping plate body 111 and the central axis cone 113 are provided with an inwardly concave groove 14, and the central axis cone 113 is also provided with an upper drainage hole 15, which connects the groove 14 with the outside world and is used to drain the water that penetrates into the groove 14 from the outside world. ​

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a rubber pad 16 is further provided between the bottom end of the steel spring 3 and the lower clamping plate body 211 , and the compression height of the steel spring can be controlled by adjusting the height of the rubber pad 16 .

[0035] like Fig.14 As shown, the bottom end of the inner sleeve body 412 extends into the inner sleeve 213 and when the vehicle is in an empty state, a gap D is left between the inner sleeve body 412 and the inner sleeve 213, so that during the actual working process, the inner sleeve body 412 and the inner sleeve 213 can be used to contact each other to form a hard stop structure in the radial direction, further ensuring the safety and stability of driving.

[0036] In summary, the present invention uses a steel spring to mainly bear vertical loads through design, and uses a multi-layer rubber node in which each layer of rubber body is in the middle position to provide a large radial stiffness to mainly bear horizontal loads, thereby improving the dynamic characteristics of the primary suspension and further ensuring the safety and stability of driving. By designing a primary interference fit structure between the multi-layer rubber node and the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate and a secondary conical surface interference fit structure between the central axis of the upper clamping plate and the inner shaft sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node, when the product is working, the load is transferred from the lower clamping plate to the upper clamping plate through the primary interference fit and the primary conical surface fit in turn, and gapless transfer is achieved at the internal level of the primary suspension device, which further optimizes the dynamic characteristics of this embodiment and enhances the use effect. By designing the assembly steps, it is possible to achieve that after the product assembly is completed and the pressure F is cancelled, the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is also in a state of the middle position. The multi-layer rubber node is only subjected to the radial pre-compression load and will not be affected by the axial load, thereby avoiding the problem of creep relaxation of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node in the pre-installed state, thereby eliminating the risk of hidden dangers and further improving the safety and stability of driving. By designing the installation steps, after the first-series suspension system in the present invention is installed on an empty vehicle, it is also possible to ensure that the steel spring of the first-series suspension system is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is also in a state of the middle position. In addition, it should be noted that this embodiment realizes that the steel spring of the first-series suspension system is always in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is always in a state of the middle position during the whole process from assembly to loading of the first-series suspension system by designing the above-mentioned first-series suspension system assembly steps and the installation steps when installing on an empty vehicle. No matter how long the interval time from assembly to loading is, the initial state of the first-series suspension system can always be guaranteed, thereby greatly improving the service life of the first-series suspension system.

[0037] The "multiple" mentioned in the embodiments refers to the number of "two or more". The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the relevant technical field can make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing a primary suspension system, wherein the primary suspension system is designed to be composed of an upper plate, a lower plate and a steel spring, wherein the upper plate comprises an upper plate body and a central axis disposed on one side of the upper plate body, and wherein: The lower splint includes a lower splint plate body and an installation cylinder arranged on one side of the lower splint plate body; one end of the central axis is connected to the upper splint plate body, and the other end of the central axis extends into the installation cylinder, and a steel spring is also arranged between the upper splint plate body and the lower splint plate body, and one end of the steel spring is in contact with the upper splint plate body, and the other end of the steel spring is in contact with the lower splint plate body, and the steel spring is in a pre-compression state; the central axis includes central axis cone one, central axis cone two and a central axis column, the large head end of the central axis cone one is connected to the upper splint plate body, the large head end of the central axis cone two is connected to the small head end of the central axis cone one, and the diameter ΦA of the large head end of the central axis cone two is less than the diameter ΦB of the small head end of the central axis cone one, and one end of the central axis column is connected to the small head end of the central axis cone two; The design method is to set a multi-layer rubber node in the installation cylinder, connect the other end of the central axis with the installation cylinder through the multi-layer rubber node, and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is in the middle position, that is, the horizontal center line of each layer of rubber body coincides with the horizontal line L position; when working, the steel spring is used to bear the vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber node with each layer of rubber body in the middle position is used to bear the horizontal load.

2. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer rubber node also includes an inner sleeve body, an outer sleeve body and a plurality of spacers arranged between the inner sleeve body and the outer sleeve body, wherein the inner sleeve body, the plurality of spacers and the outer sleeve body are bonded together by vulcanization of the rubber body, thereby forming a multi-layer rubber body in the multi-layer rubber node; the inner cavity of the inner sleeve body includes a conical cavity located at the top and a cylindrical cavity located at the bottom, the large end of the conical cavity is at the top, the small end is at the bottom, and the cylindrical cavity is connected to the small end of the conical cavity; an external thread is arranged on the other end of the central shaft column, the taper of the central shaft cone 2 matches the taper of the conical cavity, and the diameter of the central shaft column is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity; After assembly, the multi-layer rubber node is interference-pressed into the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate and the central axis of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the conical surface of the central axis cone 2 of the central axis is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node. The central axis column of the central axis passes through the cylindrical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve and is exposed in the cylindrical cavity. A nut is threadedly connected to the central axis column exposed in the cylindrical cavity, and the central axis column and the inner shaft sleeve are connected by the nut.

3. The design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The assembly steps of the primary suspension system are as follows: S1. First, interference fit the multi-layer rubber node with each layer of rubber body in the middle into the installation cylinder of the lower clamping plate, and then fit the steel spring into the installation cylinder; S2, using a tool to support the inner sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node, and then applying downward pressure to the upper clamping plate to make the upper clamping plate move downward. During the downward movement of the upper clamping plate, the upper clamping plate body of the upper clamping plate contacts the upper end of the steel spring and gradually applies downward pressure F to the steel spring. After moving down to the right position, the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state. At the same time, during the downward movement of the upper clamping plate, the central axis of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the conical surface of the central axis cone 2 of the central axis and the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node are in interference fit contact with each other, and the central axis column of the central axis passes through the cylindrical cavity of the inner sleeve and is exposed in the cylindrical cavity; S3, while maintaining the pressure F and each rubber layer of the multi-layer rubber node is in the middle position, insert the positioning sleeve upward onto the central axis column exposed in the cylindrical cavity. After completion, the central axis column passes through the top of the positioning sleeve and the top of the positioning sleeve contacts the inner sleeve body, and the bottom of the positioning sleeve contacts the lower clamping plate; S4. Tighten the nut on the central axis column passing through the positioning sleeve, so that the upper clamping plate, the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node and the positioning sleeve form an integrated structure, and then cancel the pressure F. At this time, the bottom of the positioning sleeve contacts the lower clamping plate to form an upward limiting structure.

4. The design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The installation steps of the primary suspension system are as follows: 1) Connect the upper plate body and the lower plate body of the primary suspension system in the pre-installed state to the bogie frame assembly and the wheelset axle box assembly of the empty vehicle respectively; 2) Loosen the nut and remove the positioning sleeve. At this time, due to the downward force of the empty vehicle load, the steel spring is in a pre-compressed state and each layer of the rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is also in the middle position; 3) Tighten the nut again on the central shaft column passing through the positioning sleeve and the end face of the nut contacts the inner sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node. At this time, the upper clamping plate and the inner sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node form an integrated structure.

5. The design method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The positioning sleeve comprises a sleeve body with an inverted U-shaped axial section and a sleeve body flange arranged at the bottom opening of the sleeve body, and an inner sleeve is also arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate. When the positioning sleeve is inserted upward onto the central shaft column, the positioning sleeve is located in the inner sleeve, and the central shaft column passes through the top of the sleeve body of the positioning sleeve, the top of the sleeve body contacts the end face of the inner shaft sleeve body, and the sleeve body flange of the sleeve contacts the bottom end face of the inner sleeve; After tightening the nut, the sleeve body flange of the ferrule is in contact with the bottom end surface of the inner sleeve to form an upward limiting structure.

6. The design method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the installation cylinder is set as a vertical surface, and the outer shell of the multi-layer rubber node is in contact with the vertical inner circumference of the installation cylinder, so that the multi-layer rubber node is interference-pressed in the installation cylinder of the lower clamping plate.

7. The design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: A lower step portion and an upper retaining ring groove are also provided on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder, an upper retaining ring is provided in the upper retaining ring groove, the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder is set as a vertical surface, and after the outer shell of the multi-layer rubber node is installed by interference fit with the vertical inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder, the lower step portion is in contact with the lower end surface of the outer shell, and the upper retaining ring is in contact with the upper end surface of the outer shell, so as to axially limit the outer shell of the multi-layer rubber node.

8. The design method according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sealing ring is sleeved on the outer circumference of the second center shaft cone. When the center shaft is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve, the sealing ring is pressed and contacted on the small end face of the first center shaft cone by the upper end face of the inner shaft sleeve to form a sealing structure.

9. The design method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The axial height of the conical cavity is set to H1, and the axial height of the center axis cone 2 is set to H2, then H2<H1; when the sealing ring is pressed and contacted on the small head end face of the center axis cone 1 by using the upper end face of the inner shaft sleeve to form a sealing structure, a gap is still left between the small head end face of the center axis cone 2 and the small head end face of the conical cavity.

10. The design method according to claim 9, characterized in that: A through hole for draining water in the pre-installation state is also provided on the connection portion between the inner sleeve and the installation cylinder.

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