Fertilizer for promoting fruit swelling and color changing of crops and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and discloses a fertilizer for promoting fruit swelling and color changing of crops and a preparation method thereof, the fertilizer comprises a first-stage material, a second-stage material, a modified residue material, a complex microbial inoculant, nutrient soil and humus soil; the fertilizer prepared by the invention can strongly improve the fruit quality, promote rapid expansion and coloring of young fruits, and is beneficial for increasing the sugar degree of the fruits, so that the taste of the fruits is improved, the fruits are large in size, bright in appearance and excellent in taste quality, and the income is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizer occupies an important position in agriculture. Fertilizer is an important basic material for agricultural production and is closely related to national food security. Fertilizer plays a vital role in agricultural production. Fertilization can not only improve soil fertility, but also significantly increase the yield per unit area of ​​crops. According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), fertilizer accounts for about 40% to 60% of the increase in crop yields. China is a large agricultural country that requires huge amounts of fertilizers for agricultural planting. Therefore, my country is also one of the countries that produces and consumes fertilizers. However, in actual agricultural production, due to the combined influence of the properties of fertilizers and environmental factors, there is a widespread problem of low fertilizer utilization.

[0003] Fruit expansion and color change are important stages in the fruit development process, involving the management of multiple nutrients and the influence of the external environment. Fertilizer plays a key role in the expansion and color change of fruits. Under current conditions, fertilizer is often used in large quantities when entering the fruit expansion period. Although it can promote the expansion and color change of fruits, it will cause the branches to grow too fast, the fruits to be too green and slow to color, and even the colored fruits to turn green in the later stage. In severe cases, it may even cause the fruits to mature too early, the young fruits to not expand sufficiently, and the fibers to age and mature, resulting in the fruits being too small and reducing production.

[0004] Therefore, a fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change and a preparation method thereof are needed to solve the above-described problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The scheme of the present invention is A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 to 55 portions of material for the first stage; The second stage material is 35-50 portions; 2 to 6 parts of modified slag; 0.1-0.3 parts of compound bacterial agent; 6 to 8 portions of nutrient soil; 3-5 parts of humus soil; The first stage material includes a resin coating material and an initial fertilizer, wherein the initial fertilizer includes a first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth, wherein N in the initial fertilizer is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 18:10:25; The second stage includes seaweed coating materials and late-stage fertilizers, wherein the late-stage fertilizers include a second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, a functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar; N in the late-stage fertilizers is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 10:8:25.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium nitrate and monoammonium phosphate; the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate. The sulfur-containing amino acid is one of methionine, cysteine ​​and cystine.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the nutrient soil includes bentonite, mountain mud, river sand, wood ash, agar powder and honey, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:4:4:2:1:0.1.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the mass ratio of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth is 75-80:2-3:1-3:1-2:5-8.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the mass ratio of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar is 70-80:2-3:0.05-1:1-1.5:0.1-0.3:50-65.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the trace elements include boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate is 0.5-1:6-12:0.03-0.05:0.01-0.03.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and the bacterial content of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus is ≥ 500 million / ml.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change, comprising the following steps: 1) Modified residue: wash the lees, soak them in deionized water for 24 hours, dry them at 80℃, and carbonize them at 600-700℃ for 2-5 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain carbonized lees. Dissolve the carbonized lees, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water by ultrasonication for 30-50 minutes. Mix them evenly and perform hydrothermal reaction at 180℃ for 15-24 hours. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, cool them to room temperature, filter them, wash them with deionized water, and dry them in an oven at 80-100℃ to obtain a mixture with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25. The dried mixture is immersed in a 5% citric acid solution at a ratio of 1:10 g / ml, and stirred at 150-200 r / min for 4 hours; filtered, the supernatant is discarded, and repeatedly rinsed with deionized water until the modified residue is neutral, and dried at 80°C to obtain the modified residue; the mass ratio of the carbonized wine lees, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water is 8:5:2:25; 2) For the first stage material, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acid and modified diatomaceous earth are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, which is then placed in the disc of a disc granulator. The disc granulator speed is adjusted to 35-50 r / min. According to the granulation situation, a water mist spray gun is used to continuously spray water mist at the rising part of the powder, and particles with a diameter of 3-5 mm are continuously screened out. Meanwhile, the mixed powder is continuously added until the granulation is completed to obtain composite particles. The composite particles, the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group and trace elements are then added to a coating machine for heating and melting by blasting, and the temperature is lowered for granulation to obtain an initial fertilizer. The initial fertilizer is coated with a 3% resin outer coating material to obtain the first stage material; 3) Second stage material, the urea in the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group is heated to 120°C to become a molten material, and then the remaining components of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar are mixed and added to a rotary drum granulator, the molten material is atomized by a nozzle and mixed with solid materials to form granules, the materials after material formation enter a cooler, the granular materials after cooling are sieved to obtain 1-4 mm late fertilizer, the seaweed coating material solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the late fertilizer particles by a spraying device, the seaweed coating material solution accounts for 1% of the mass of the late fertilizer particles, and the second stage material is obtained; 4) Mixing: after uniformly mixing 2-6 parts by weight of modified slag, 6-8 parts by weight of nutrient soil and 3-5 parts by weight of humus soil, pour in 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of composite bacterial agent and stir, while adding 40-55 parts by weight of first-stage material and 35-50 parts by weight of second-stage material, stir evenly, send into a processing room, age at 30-40°C for 24 hours, turn over 6-7 times during storage, and obtain a fertilizer that promotes crop fruit swelling and color change.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the preparation method of the modified biogas residue is: 1) Wash the biogas residue, disperse it in ethanol, introduce nitrogen, heat it to 40°C, then slowly drop a coupling agent, the mass ratio of the biogas residue to the coupling agent is 2:3.5; after the dropwise addition is completed, reflux and stir overnight, remove the solvent to obtain coupling agent-doped biogas residue powder; the coupling agent is a mixture of KH-550 and KH-551; 2) Preparation of modified sodium alginate, The sodium alginate powder was dissolved in ethanol, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and a sodium periodate aqueous solution was added to react at room temperature in the dark for 6 hours, and a small amount of ethylene glycol was added to terminate the reaction. After filtering, it was washed with ethanol for multiple times and dried to obtain oxidized sodium alginate; polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino was added to the reactor, and dimethyl sulfoxide was added and heated to 40°C and stirred to dissolve it. The oxidized sodium alginate was dissolved in water and slowly added to the reactor. After reacting for 4 hours, sodium borohydride was added in batches after cooling to room temperature, and the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the oxidized sodium alginate was 3:10; the reaction was continued for 12 hours, precipitated in ethanol, and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate powder, sodium periodate in the sodium periodate aqueous solution, polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino (molecular weight 3000, of which the molecular weight of the PEG segment was 1000, purchased from Shanghai Pengshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and dimethyl sulfoxide was 5:3.2:5:5; 3) preparing modified biogas residue, The modified sodium alginate was heated and dissolved in water. After cooling to room temperature, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the coupling agent was added to dope the sludge, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The modified sludge was obtained by magnetic separation. The feed ratio of modified sodium alginate to coupling agent-doped sludge was 1:0.6.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the modified diatomite preparation method is: The diatomaceous earth is crushed, passed through 400 meshes, and the diatomaceous earth obtained by filtration is mixed with calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, and polyvinyl alcohol, and then wood fiber and a treating agent are slowly added, and after the liquid medium fully infiltrates the powder, forced stirring is performed, and the stirring speed is 200-400 rpm, and the stirring time is 1-2 minutes, and then drying is performed, and the drying temperature is 50-65°C, and the water content is less than 4%, and the modified diatomaceous earth is crushed to obtain the modified diatomaceous earth; the mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, polyvinyl alcohol, wood fiber and the treating agent is 12-16:35-40:3-4:2-3:1-2:1-1.5:36-38; the treating agent includes deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate is 100:1.2:0.5:0.3.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the method for preparing the functionalized red algae mixture is: The nitrogen-fixing red algae is washed, dehydrated, dried, and ground; the crushed raw material is hydrolyzed, and the crushed nitrogen-fixing red algae is placed in a hydrolysis tank for hydrolysis to obtain nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate; the hydrolyzate is phase-separated, and the hydrolyzed nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate is placed in a solid-liquid separator for phase separation; after the phase separation, the solid matter is treated, the solid matter is hydrolyzed to obtain a hydrolyzate, and the hydrolyzate is phase-separated to increase the utilization rate of the raw materials, and the liquid matter is treated after the phase separation, and the liquid matter is treated to obtain a concentrated solution; the concentrated solution is stirred while adding a brassinolide ethanol solution, and the hydrothermal treatment is performed at a hydrothermal temperature of 70 to 80°C, cooled, dried, and the water content is ≤5% to obtain a functionalized red algae mixture; each 100ml of the concentrated solution contains 0.1mg / ml of a brassinolide ethanol solution. Stimulate fruit expansion and coloring.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the modified litchi shell biochar preparation method is: 1) After washing the litchi shell, immerse the litchi shell in phosphoric acid, place it at room temperature for 12 hours, wash it until it is neutral, and dry it to obtain litchi shell biochar; the mass ratio of the litchi shell to the phosphoric acid is 1:4.5; 2) Mix 2g of litchi shell biochar with 25ml of citric acid, then add 10ml of ascorbic acid solution to the mixed solution, place in a 30°C water bath, stir and immerse for 6h, filter, wash, and dry at 45°C; the concentration of the citric acid solution is 1.5mmol / L, and the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution is 15mmol / L; 3) The product obtained in step 2) is placed in a crucible and placed in a muffle furnace, and the required carbonization activation temperature is set to 300°C and the activation time is set to 180 minutes for carbonization activation. After cooling, the product is washed to neutrality, dried, ground with a pulverizer, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain modified litchi shell biochar.

[0018] A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change and a preparation method thereof are adopted, which include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of first-stage material; 35-50 parts of second-stage material; 2-6 parts of modified slag material; 0.1-0.3 parts of composite bacterial agent; 6-8 parts of nutrient soil; and 3-5 parts of humus soil.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention: The fertilizer prepared by the present invention can strongly improve the quality of fruits, promote the rapid expansion and coloring of young fruits, and is beneficial to increasing the sugar content of fruits, thereby improving the taste of fruits, making the fruits large in size, bright in appearance, excellent in taste quality, and increasing profits.

[0020] The fertilizer prepared by the invention adds sulfur-containing amino acids, which significantly improves the frost resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance of crops; and promotes crop growth, fruit swelling, and early market launch. The modified biogas residue is matched with the composite bacterial agent to ensure the stability of the composite bacterial agent application effect, which can regulate the soil, increase soil permeability, retain water and fertilizer, fix nitrogen, and dissolve phosphorus and potassium; it is conducive to the slow release of the first-stage material and the second-stage material in the corresponding time period, and provides stable long-term nutrition for crops from fruit swelling to color change; The fertilizer of the present invention can promote flowering, preserve flowers and fruits, make the fruits beautiful and without deformity, increase sweetness, and promote color change; the color change rate is improved, and through scientific proportioning, it not only improves soil fertility, helps plant growth, but also promotes the balanced development of peel and flesh, reduces the fruit cracking rate, has balanced nutrition, high absorption rate, and has broad economic value and social value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] 2% resin outer coating material method: Spraying the resin outer coating material on the surface at 2% of the total weight of the particles; the resin outer coating material includes starch coating liquid and curing agent; the starch coating liquid and curing agent account for 30-67% and 33-70% of the weight of the coating material respectively; the starch coating liquid includes starch, liquefying agent and catalyst; The starch is cassava starch; the liquefier is propylene carbonate; the catalyst is phosphoric acid; and the curing agent is a mixture of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate.

[0023] Preparation of seaweed coating material solution: Itaconic acid (IA), maleic acid (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers were weighed according to the mass ratio of n(IA):n(MA):(AA)=2:1:2, and the itaconic acid monomer was semi-neutralized with an alkaline solution of NaOH. The amount of NaOH was calculated based on the carboxyl content, and the monomer was semi-neutralized with 1 / 2 molar amount of carboxyl NaOH.

[0024] Add maleic acid and treated itaconic acid into a wide-mouth flask, add water to dissolve (add deionized water 4 times the total weight of the monomer), pass nitrogen to remove oxygen in the flask, heat and stir until the monomer is completely dissolved. Continue to heat to the reaction temperature of 80°C, then add the prepared initiator (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 Solution) and acrylic acid were uniformly added dropwise to the reactor for 30 min; After the initiator and acrylic acid are added dropwise, the reaction is kept warm for 6 hours, and then the heating and stirring are stopped, and the temperature is cooled to obtain an itaconic acid liquid copolymer.

[0025] The seaweed extract (prepared according to the method of Example 1 in invention patent ZL202111046278.9) is evenly mixed with the itaconic acid liquid copolymer (400 mg of seaweed extract is added per 1 kg of itaconic acid liquid copolymer) to obtain a seaweed coating material.

[0026] Embodiment 1: 1) Modified slag: wash the vinasse, soak it in deionized water for 24 hours, dry it at 80°C, and carbonize it at 600°C for 2 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain carbonized vinasse. Dissolve the carbonized vinasse, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water by ultrasonic method for 30 minutes. After mixing evenly, perform hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 15 hours. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, cool it to room temperature, filter it, wash it with deionized water, and dry it in an oven at 80°C to obtain a mixture. Immerse the dried mixture in 5% citric acid solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 g / ml, stir it at 150 r / min for 4 hours, filter it, discard the supernatant, rinse it repeatedly with deionized water until the modified slag is neutral, and dry it at 80°C to obtain the modified slag. The mass ratio of the carbonized vinasse, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water is 8:5:2:25. 2) For the first stage material, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acid and modified diatomaceous earth are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, which is then placed in the disc of a disc granulator. The disc granulator speed is adjusted to 35r / min. According to the granulation situation, a water mist spray gun is used to continuously spray water mist at the rising part of the powder, and particles with a diameter of 3-5mm are continuously screened out. Meanwhile, the mixed powder is continuously added until the granulation is completed to obtain composite particles. The composite particles, the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group and trace elements are then added to a coating machine for heating and melting by blasting, and the temperature is lowered for granulation to obtain an initial fertilizer. The initial fertilizer is coated with a 3% resin outer coating material to obtain the first stage material; 3) Second stage material, the urea in the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group is heated to 120°C to become a molten material, and then the remaining components of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar are mixed and added to a rotary drum granulator, the molten material is atomized by a nozzle and mixed with solid materials to form granules, the materials after material formation enter a cooler, the granular materials after cooling are sieved to obtain 1-4 mm late fertilizer, the seaweed coating material solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the late fertilizer particles by a spraying device, the seaweed coating material solution accounts for 1% of the mass of the late fertilizer particles, and the second stage material is obtained; 4) Mixing: After evenly mixing 2 parts by weight of modified slag, 6 parts by weight of nutrient soil and 3 parts by weight of humus soil, pour in 0.1 parts by weight of composite bacterial agent and stir. While stirring, add 40 parts by weight of first-stage material and 35 parts by weight of second-stage material. After evenly stirring, send it into a processing room and age it at 30°C for 24 hours. Turn it over 6 times during the storage process to obtain a fertilizer that promotes crop fruit swelling and color change.

[0027] The preparation method of the modified biogas residue: S1: Wash the biogas residue, disperse it in ethanol, introduce nitrogen, heat it to 40°C, then slowly drop a coupling agent, the mass ratio of the biogas residue to the coupling agent is 2:3.5; after the dropwise addition is completed, reflux and stir overnight, remove the solvent to obtain coupling agent-doped biogas residue powder; the coupling agent is a mixture of KH-550 and KH-551; Preparation of S2 modified sodium alginate, The sodium alginate powder is dissolved in ethanol, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and a sodium periodate aqueous solution is added to react at room temperature in the dark for 6 hours, a small amount of ethylene glycol is added to terminate the reaction, and the mixture is filtered, washed with ethanol for multiple times, and dried to obtain oxidized sodium alginate; the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the oxidized sodium alginate is 3:10; polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino is added to the reactor, dimethyl sulfoxide is added, the temperature is raised to 40°C, and stirred to dissolve it, the oxidized sodium alginate is dissolved in water and slowly added to the reactor, and after reacting for 4 hours, sodium borohydride is added in batches after cooling to room temperature, and the reaction is continued for 12 hours, and the mixture is precipitated in ethanol and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate powder, sodium periodate in the sodium periodate aqueous solution, polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino (molecular weight 3000, of which the molecular weight of the PEG segment is 1000, purchased from Shanghai Pengshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and dimethyl sulfoxide is 5:3.2:5:5; S3 prepares modified biogas residue, The modified sodium alginate was heated and dissolved in water. After cooling to room temperature, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the coupling agent was added to dope the sludge, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The modified sludge was obtained by magnetic separation. The feed ratio of modified sodium alginate to coupling agent-doped sludge was 1:0.6.

[0028] The modified diatomite preparation method: The diatomaceous earth is crushed and passed through 400 meshes, and then mixed with calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, and polyvinyl alcohol, and then wood fiber and the treatment agent are slowly added, and after the liquid medium fully infiltrates the powder, forced stirring is performed, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, the stirring time is 1 min, and then drying is performed, the drying temperature is 50°C, the water content is less than 4%, and the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by crushing; the mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, polyvinyl alcohol, wood fiber and the treatment agent is 12:35:3:2:1:1:36; the treatment agent includes deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate is 100:1.2:0.5:0.3.

[0029] The functionalized red algae mixture preparation method: The nitrogen-fixing red algae is washed, impurity-removed, dehydrated, dried, and ground into powder; the powdered raw material is hydrolyzed, and the powdered nitrogen-fixing red algae is placed in a hydrolysis tank for hydrolysis to obtain nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate; the hydrolyzate is phase-separated, and the hydrolyzed nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate is placed in a solid-liquid separator for phase separation; after the phase separation, the solid matter is treated, the solid matter is hydrolyzed to obtain a hydrolyzate, and the hydrolyzate is phase-separated to increase the utilization rate of the raw materials, and the liquid matter is treated after the phase separation, and the liquid matter is treated to obtain a concentrated solution; the concentrated solution is stirred while adding a brassinolide ethanol solution, the hydrothermal treatment is performed, the hydrothermal temperature is 70°C, the solution is cooled, and the water content is ≤5% to obtain a functionalized red algae mixture; each 100 ml of the concentrated solution contains 0.1 mg / ml of the brassinolide ethanol solution.

[0030] The modified litchi shell biochar preparation method: A1. After washing the litchi shell, immerse the litchi shell in phosphoric acid, place it at room temperature for 12 hours, wash it until it is neutral, and dry it to obtain litchi shell biochar; the mass ratio of the litchi shell to the phosphoric acid is 1:4.5; A2, 2g of litchi shell biochar was mixed with 25ml of citric acid, and then 10ml of ascorbic acid solution was added dropwise to the mixed solution, placed in a 30°C water bath, stirred and immersed for 6h, filtered, washed, and dried at 45°C; the concentration of the citric acid solution was 1.5 mmol / L, and the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution was 15mmol / L; A3. The product obtained in step A2 was placed in a crucible and placed in a muffle furnace. The required carbonization activation temperature was set to 300° C. and the activation time was 180 min for carbonization activation. After cooling, the product was washed to neutrality, dried, ground with a pulverizer, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain modified litchi shell biochar.

[0031] The first stage material includes a resin coating material and an initial fertilizer, wherein the initial fertilizer includes a first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth, wherein N in the initial fertilizer is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 18:10:25; The second stage includes seaweed coating materials and late-stage fertilizers, wherein the late-stage fertilizers include a second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, a functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar; N in the late-stage fertilizers is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 10:8:25.

[0032] The first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium nitrate and monoammonium phosphate; the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate. The sulfur-containing amino acid is methionine.

[0033] The nutrient soil comprises bentonite, mountain mud, river sand, wood ash, agar powder and honey, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:4:4:2:1:0.1.

[0034] The mass ratio of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth is 75:2:1:1:5.

[0035] The mass ratio of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar is 70:2:0.05:1:0.1:50.

[0036] The trace elements include boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate is 0.5:6:0.03:0.01.

[0037] The composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and the bacterial contents of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus are all ≥500 million / ml.

[0038] Embodiment 2: 1) Modified slag: wash the vinasse, soak it in deionized water for 24 hours, dry it at 80°C, and carbonize it at 700°C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain carbonized vinasse. Dissolve the carbonized vinasse, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water by ultrasonic treatment for 50 minutes. Mix them evenly and perform hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 24 hours. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, cool it to room temperature, filter it, wash it with deionized water, and dry it in an oven at 100°C to obtain a mixture. Immerse the dried mixture in 5% citric acid solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 g / ml, stir it at 200 r / min for 4 hours, filter it, discard the supernatant, rinse it repeatedly with deionized water until the modified slag is neutral, and dry it at 80°C to obtain a modified slag. The mass ratio of the carbonized vinasse, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water is 8:5:2:25. 2) For the first stage material, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acid and modified diatomaceous earth are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, which is then placed in the disc of a disc granulator. The disc granulator speed is adjusted to 50r / min. According to the granulation situation, a water mist spray gun is used to continuously spray water mist at the rising part of the powder, and particles with a diameter of 3-5mm are continuously screened out. Meanwhile, the mixed powder is continuously added until the granulation is completed to obtain composite particles. The composite particles, the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group and trace elements are then added to a coating machine for heating and melting by blasting, and the temperature is lowered for granulation to obtain an initial fertilizer. The initial fertilizer is coated with a 3% resin outer coating material to obtain the first stage material; 3) Second stage material, the urea in the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group is heated to 120°C to become a molten material, and then the remaining components of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar are mixed and added to a rotary drum granulator, the molten material is atomized by a nozzle and mixed with solid materials to form granules, the materials after material formation enter a cooler, the granular materials after cooling are sieved to obtain 1-4 mm late fertilizer, the seaweed coating material solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the late fertilizer particles by a spraying device, the seaweed coating material solution accounts for 1% of the mass of the late fertilizer particles, and the second stage material is obtained; 4) Mixing: Evenly mix 6 parts by weight of modified slag, 8 parts by weight of nutrient soil and 5 parts by weight of humus soil, then pour in 0.3 parts by weight of composite bacterial agent and stir. Add 55 parts by weight of first-stage material and 50 parts by weight of second-stage material while stirring. After evenly stirring, send it into a processing room and age it at 40°C for 24 hours. Turn it over 7 times during the storage process to obtain a fertilizer that promotes crop fruit swelling and color change.

[0039] The preparation method of the modified biogas residue: S1 sludge is washed, The biogas residue is dispersed in ethanol, nitrogen is introduced, and the temperature is raised to 40°C, and then a coupling agent is slowly added dropwise, wherein the mass ratio of the biogas residue to the coupling agent is 2:3.5; after the addition is completed, the mixture is refluxed and stirred overnight, and the solvent is removed to obtain a coupling agent-doped biogas residue powder; the coupling agent is a mixture of KH-550 and KH-551; Preparation of S2 modified sodium alginate, The sodium alginate powder is dissolved in ethanol, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and a sodium periodate aqueous solution is added to react at room temperature in the dark for 6 hours, a small amount of ethylene glycol is added to terminate the reaction, and the mixture is filtered, washed with ethanol for multiple times, and dried to obtain oxidized sodium alginate; the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the oxidized sodium alginate is 3:10; polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino is added to the reactor, dimethyl sulfoxide is added, the temperature is raised to 40°C, and stirred to dissolve it, the oxidized sodium alginate is dissolved in water and slowly added to the reactor, and after reacting for 4 hours, sodium borohydride is added in batches after cooling to room temperature, and the reaction is continued for 12 hours, and the mixture is precipitated in ethanol and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate powder, sodium periodate in the sodium periodate aqueous solution, polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino (molecular weight 3000, of which the molecular weight of the PEG segment is 1000, purchased from Shanghai Pengshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and dimethyl sulfoxide is 5:3.2:5:5; S3 prepares modified biogas residue, The modified sodium alginate was heated and dissolved in water. After cooling to room temperature, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the coupling agent was added to dope the sludge, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The modified sludge was obtained by magnetic separation. The feed ratio of modified sodium alginate to coupling agent-doped sludge was 1:0.6.

[0040] The modified diatomite preparation method: The diatomaceous earth is crushed and passed through 400 meshes, and then mixed with calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, and polyvinyl alcohol, and then wood fiber and a treating agent are slowly added, and after the liquid medium fully infiltrates the powder, forced stirring is performed, the stirring speed is 400 rpm, the stirring time is 1 to 2 minutes, and then drying is performed, the drying temperature is 65°C, and the water content is less than 4%, and the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by crushing; the mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, polyvinyl alcohol, wood fiber and the treating agent is 16:40:4:3:2:1.5:38; the treating agent includes deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate is 100:1.2:0.5:0.3.

[0041] The functionalized red algae mixture preparation method: The nitrogen-fixing red algae is washed, impurity-removed, dehydrated, dried, and ground into powder; the powdered raw material is hydrolyzed, and the powdered nitrogen-fixing red algae is placed in a hydrolysis tank for hydrolysis to obtain nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate; the hydrolyzate is phase-separated, and the hydrolyzed nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate is placed in a solid-liquid separator for phase separation; after the phase separation, the solid matter is treated, the solid matter is hydrolyzed to obtain a hydrolyzate, and the hydrolyzate is phase-separated to increase the utilization rate of the raw materials, and the liquid matter is treated after the phase separation, and the liquid matter is treated to obtain a concentrated solution; the concentrated solution is stirred while adding a brassinolide ethanol solution, the hydrothermal treatment is performed, the hydrothermal temperature is 80°C, the solution is cooled, and the water content is ≤5% to obtain a functionalized red algae mixture; each 100 ml of the concentrated solution contains 0.1 mg / ml of the brassinolide ethanol solution.

[0042] The modified litchi shell biochar preparation method: A1. After washing the litchi shell, immerse the litchi shell in phosphoric acid, place it at room temperature for 12 hours, wash it until it is neutral, and dry it to obtain litchi shell biochar; the mass ratio of the litchi shell to the phosphoric acid is 1:4.5; A2, 2g of litchi shell biochar was mixed with 25ml of citric acid, and then 10ml of ascorbic acid solution was added dropwise to the mixed solution, placed in a 30°C water bath, stirred and immersed for 6h, filtered, washed, and dried at 45°C; the concentration of the citric acid solution was 1.5 mmol / L, and the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution was 15mmol / L; A3. The product obtained in step A2 was placed in a crucible and placed in a muffle furnace. The required carbonization activation temperature was set to 300° C. and the activation time was 180 min for carbonization activation. After cooling, the product was washed to neutrality, dried, ground with a pulverizer, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain modified litchi shell biochar.

[0043] The first stage material includes a resin coating material and an initial fertilizer, wherein the initial fertilizer includes a first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth, wherein N in the initial fertilizer is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 18:10:25; The second stage includes seaweed coating materials and late-stage fertilizers, wherein the late-stage fertilizers include a second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, a functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar; N in the late-stage fertilizers is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 10:8:25.

[0044] The first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium nitrate and monoammonium phosphate; the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate. The sulfur-containing amino acid is cystine.

[0045] The nutrient soil comprises bentonite, mountain mud, river sand, wood ash, agar powder and honey, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:4:4:2:1:0.1.

[0046] The mass ratio of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth is 80:3:3:2:8.

[0047] The mass ratio of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar is 80:3:1:1.5:0.3:65.

[0048] The trace elements include boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate is 1:12:0.05:0.03.

[0049] The composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and the bacterial contents of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus are all ≥500 million / ml.

[0050] Embodiment 3: 1) Modified slag: wash the lees, soak them in deionized water for 24 hours, dry them at 80°C, and carbonize them at 650°C for 4 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain carbonized lees. Dissolve the carbonized lees, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water by ultrasonic method for 40 minutes. Mix them evenly and perform hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 24 hours. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, cool them to room temperature, filter them, wash them with deionized water, and dry them in an oven at 90°C to obtain a mixture. Immerse the dried mixture in 5% citric acid solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 g / ml, stir and react them at 200 r / min for 4 hours, filter, discard the supernatant, repeatedly rinse them with deionized water until the modified slag is neutral, and dry them at 80°C to obtain modified slag. The mass ratio of carbonized lees, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water is 8:5:2:25. 2) For the first stage material, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acid and modified diatomaceous earth are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, which is then placed in the disc of a disc granulator. The disc granulator speed is adjusted to 40r / min. According to the granulation situation, a water mist spray gun is used to continuously spray water mist at the rising part of the powder, and particles with a diameter of 3-5mm are continuously screened out. Meanwhile, the mixed powder is continuously added until the granulation is completed to obtain composite particles. The composite particles, the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group and trace elements are then added to a coating machine for heating and melting by blasting, and the temperature is lowered for granulation to obtain an initial fertilizer. The initial fertilizer is coated with a 3% resin outer coating material to obtain the first stage material; 3) Second stage material, the urea in the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group is heated to 120°C to become a molten material, and then the remaining components of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar are mixed and added to a rotary drum granulator, the molten material is atomized by a nozzle and mixed with solid materials to form granules, the materials after material formation enter a cooler, the granular materials after cooling are sieved to obtain 1-4 mm late fertilizer, the seaweed coating material solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the late fertilizer particles by a spraying device, the seaweed coating material solution accounts for 1% of the mass of the late fertilizer particles, and the second stage material is obtained; 4) Mixing: Evenly mix 4 parts by weight of modified slag, 7 parts by weight of nutrient soil and 4 parts by weight of humus soil, then pour in 0.2 parts by weight of composite bacterial agent and stir. Add 45 parts by weight of first-stage material and 40 parts by weight of second-stage material while stirring. After evenly stirring, send it into a processing room and age it at 35°C for 24 hours. Turn it over 7 times during the storage process to obtain a fertilizer that promotes crop fruit swelling and color change.

[0051] The preparation method of the modified biogas residue: S1. Wash the biogas residue, disperse it in ethanol, introduce nitrogen, heat it to 40°C, then slowly drop a coupling agent, the mass ratio of the biogas residue to the coupling agent is 2:3.5; after the dropwise addition is completed, reflux and stir overnight, remove the solvent to obtain coupling agent-doped biogas residue powder; the coupling agent is a mixture of KH-550 and KH-551; S2. Preparation of modified sodium alginate. The sodium alginate powder is dissolved in ethanol, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and a sodium periodate aqueous solution is added to react at room temperature in the dark for 6 hours, a small amount of ethylene glycol is added to terminate the reaction, and the mixture is filtered, washed with ethanol for multiple times, and dried to obtain oxidized sodium alginate; the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the oxidized sodium alginate is 3:10; polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino is added to the reactor, dimethyl sulfoxide is added, the temperature is raised to 40°C, and stirred to dissolve it, the oxidized sodium alginate is dissolved in water and slowly added to the reactor, and after reacting for 4 hours, sodium borohydride is added in batches after cooling to room temperature, and the reaction is continued for 12 hours, and the mixture is precipitated in ethanol and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate powder, sodium periodate in the sodium periodate aqueous solution, polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino (molecular weight 3000, of which the molecular weight of the PEG segment is 1000, purchased from Shanghai Pengshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and dimethyl sulfoxide is 5:3.2:5:5; S3, preparing modified biogas residue, The modified sodium alginate was heated and dissolved in water. After cooling to room temperature, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the coupling agent was added to dope the sludge, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The modified sludge was obtained by magnetic separation. The feed ratio of modified sodium alginate to coupling agent-doped sludge was 1:0.6.

[0052] The modified diatomite preparation method: The diatomaceous earth is crushed and passed through 400 meshes, and then mixed with calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder and polyvinyl alcohol, and then wood fiber and treatment agent are slowly added, and after the liquid medium fully infiltrates the powder, forced stirring is performed, the stirring speed is 300 rpm, the stirring time is 2 minutes, and then drying is performed, the drying temperature is 60°C, the water content is less than 4%, and the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by crushing; the mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, polyvinyl alcohol, wood fiber and treatment agent is 15:38:3:3:2:1.2:36; the treatment agent includes deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate is 100:1.2:0.5:0.3.

[0053] The functionalized red algae mixture preparation method: The nitrogen-fixing red algae is washed, impurity-removed, dehydrated, dried, and ground into powder; the powdered raw material is hydrolyzed, and the powdered nitrogen-fixing red algae is placed in a hydrolysis tank for hydrolysis to obtain nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate; the hydrolyzate is phase-separated, and the hydrolyzed nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate is placed in a solid-liquid separator for phase separation; after the phase separation, the solid matter is treated, the solid matter is hydrolyzed to obtain a hydrolyzate, and the hydrolyzate is phase-separated to increase the utilization rate of the raw materials, and the liquid matter is treated after the phase separation, and the liquid matter is treated to obtain a concentrated solution; the concentrated solution is stirred while adding a brassinolide ethanol solution, the hydrothermal treatment is performed, the hydrothermal temperature is 80°C, the solution is cooled, and the water content is ≤5% to obtain a functionalized red algae mixture; each 100 ml of the concentrated solution contains 0.1 mg / ml of the brassinolide ethanol solution.

[0054] The modified litchi shell biochar preparation method: A1. After washing the litchi shell, immerse the litchi shell in phosphoric acid, place it at room temperature for 12 hours, wash it until it is neutral, and dry it to obtain litchi shell biochar; the mass ratio of the litchi shell to the phosphoric acid is 1:4.5; A2, 2g of litchi shell biochar was mixed with 25ml of citric acid, and then 10ml of ascorbic acid solution was added dropwise to the mixed solution, placed in a 30°C water bath, stirred and immersed for 6h, filtered, washed, and dried at 45°C; the concentration of the citric acid solution was 1.5 mmol / L, and the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution was 15mmol / L; A3. The product obtained in step A2 was placed in a crucible and placed in a muffle furnace. The required carbonization activation temperature was set to 300° C. and the activation time was 180 min for carbonization activation. After cooling, the product was washed to neutrality, dried, ground with a pulverizer, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain modified litchi shell biochar.

[0055] The first stage material includes a resin coating material and an initial fertilizer, wherein the initial fertilizer includes a first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth, wherein N in the initial fertilizer is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 18:10:25; The second stage includes seaweed coating materials and late-stage fertilizers, wherein the late-stage fertilizers include a second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, a functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar; N in the late-stage fertilizers is calculated as N element, and P is calculated as P 2 O 5 K is calculated as K 2 0, the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 10:8:25.

[0056] The first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium nitrate and monoammonium phosphate; the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component includes urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate. The sulfur-containing amino acid is cysteine.

[0057] The nutrient soil comprises bentonite, mountain mud, river sand, wood ash, agar powder and honey, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:4:4:2:1:0.1.

[0058] The mass ratio of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth is 75:2:2:1:6.

[0059] The mass ratio of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar is 75:2:0.05:1:0.2:55.

[0060] The trace elements include boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate is 0.8:8:0.04:0.02.

[0061] The composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and the bacterial contents of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus are all ≥500 million / ml.

[0062] The fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change prepared in Example 3 was used in the following experiment.

[0063] Experiment 1 Fertilizer object and variety: Apple (Red Star) Experimental time and location: In early October 2021, Qixia District, Yantai, Shandong, 3-year-old mature apple trees Application: In the Example 3 group, at the early stage of young apple fruit expansion, the fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was broadcast at 120 kg / mu, and 600 mL / mu of calcium fertilizer (pure calcium ≥ 180 g / L) was sprayed on the leaves, and conventional management was performed.

[0064] During the apple fruit swelling and color change period, spray 600ml / mu of calcium fertilizer on the leaves.

[0065] Comparative Example 1: During the young fruit expansion period, the plants were fertilized once with infiltration irrigation, 40kg / mu of calcium-magnesium fertilizer (12-0-0-15-5), 60kg / mu of organic carbon fertilizer (organic matter>50%), 600mL / mu of calcium fertilizer (pure calcium ≥180g / L) for foliar spraying, and 50L / mu of conventional bacterial solution (effective live bacteria count ≥300 million / mL); During the flower bud differentiation period, infiltration irrigation is applied once, including 50 kg / mu of high-ammonia and high-phosphorus fertilizer (19-45-6) and 50 L / mu of bacterial solution (effective live bacteria count ≥ 300 million / mL); During the fruit swelling and color change period of apples, the soil is irrigated once, including 40kg / mu of high potassium fertilizer (12-6-40), 60kg / mu of organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 50%), 600ml / mu of calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, and other routine management is carried out.

[0066] Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 3, except that it does not contain modified slag; Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 3, except that the first-stage material is replaced with a conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (20-10-20) of the same weight.

[0067] Comparative Example 4 is the same as Example 3, except that the second stage material is replaced with the same weight of conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (20-10-20).

[0068] For the blank group, conventional fertilizers were applied after fruit picking, with 4000kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 65kg / mu of general calcium, 10kg / mu of urea, and 15kg / mu of potassium sulfate per mu; conventional fertilizers were applied when the spring shoots stopped growing, with 20kg / mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 15kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 40kg / mu of superphosphate; conventional topdressing was performed after two months of application, with 65kg / mu of superphosphate and 20kg / mu of urea; and conventional management was performed.

[0069] After harvest, the fruits of Example 3 are bright in color and have good appearance quality.

[0070] The statistics are shown in the following table: Table 1 Group Yield (kg / mu) Brix Fruit diameter (mm) Average weight of single fruit (g) Example 3 8143.2 17 84.2 142 Comparative Example 1 7624.5 13 76.3 121 Comparative Example 2 7864.8 14 78.0 129 Comparative Example 3 7955.6 16 80.5 135 Comparative Example 4 8012.3 15 81.2 137 Blank example 5892.4 12 72.4 114 Note: 10 apples were selected from each group, and the sugar content, fruit diameter and single fruit were tested in turn. The maximum value of each group was taken for sugar content, and the average value was taken for fruit diameter and single fruit.

[0071] Experiment 2 Fertilizer object and variety: Mango (Royal Concubine) Experimental time and location: 2022, Yuanjiang County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 7-year-old mature mango trees Apply; In the Example 3 group, the fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was broadcast at 40 kg / mu during the young fruit expansion period, and conventional management was adopted. Conventional fertilizer was applied at other periods.

[0072] In comparison group 1, 45 kg / mu of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizers and 15 L / mu of bacterial solution were used during the young fruit expansion period; conventional management was adopted and conventional fertilizers were used for fertilization at other times.

[0073] The same as Example 3, the only difference being that the modified slag is not contained; Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 3, except that the first-stage material is replaced with a conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (20-10-20) of the same weight.

[0074] Comparative Example 4 is the same as Example 3, except that the second stage material is replaced with the same weight of conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (20-10-20).

[0075] The blank group adopted conventional fertilization and management.

[0076] Example 3 After harvest, the fruit base color is deep golden yellow, the surface is bright red, the color is bright, the fruit shape is full and symmetrical, and the fruit skin is smooth and flawless.

[0077] The statistics are shown in the following table: Table 2 Group Yield (kg / mu) Brix Fruit diameter (mm) Average weight of single fruit (g) Example 3 2285.3 19 125.3 382.4 Comparative Example 1 1853.7 16 95.6 340.8 Comparative Example 2 1930.2 17 102.5 352.6 Comparative Example 3 2040.6 18 117.6 368.3 Comparative Example 4 1997.8 18 108.4 362.8 Blank example 1682.4 14 82.6 304.4 Note: Ten mangoes were selected from each group for sugar content, fruit diameter and single fruit. The maximum value of each group was taken for sugar content, and the average value was taken for fruit diameter and single fruit.

[0078] Implementation III. Fertilization object and variety: Kiwi fruit (Jinyan) Experimental time and location: 2023, Pujiang County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 7-year-old mature kiwifruit trees Apply; In the Example 3 group, the fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was broadcast at 15 kg / mu during the young fruit expansion period, and conventional management was adopted. Conventional fertilizer was used for fertilization at other periods.

[0079] In comparison group 1, 20 kg / mu of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizers and 5 L / mu of bacterial solution were used during the young fruit expansion period; conventional management was adopted and conventional fertilizers were used for fertilization at other periods.

[0080] The same as Example 3, the only difference being that the modified slag is not contained; Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 3, except that the first-stage material is replaced with a conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (20-10-20) of the same weight.

[0081] Comparative Example 4 is the same as Example 3, except that the second stage material is replaced with the same weight of conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (20-10-20).

[0082] The blank group adopted conventional fertilization and management.

[0083] Example 3 After harvest, the fruits are well-proportioned, firm, cylindrical, with green-brown peel and golden-yellow, crystal-clear flesh.

[0084] The statistics are shown in the following table: Table 3 Group Yield (kg / mu) Brix Fruit diameter (mm) Average weight of single fruit (g) Example 3 2285.6 22 53.3 135.2 Comparative Example 1 2034.7 17 46.8 108.7 Comparative Example 2 2084.3 17 48.6 113.8 Comparative Example 3 2124.8 20 50.5 121.5 Comparative Example 4 2185.9 19 49.7 125.2 Blank example 1872.4 16 41.8 95.2 Note: Ten kiwifruits were selected from each group for sugar content, fruit diameter and single fruit. The maximum value of each group was taken for sugar content, and the average value was taken for fruit diameter and single fruit.

[0085] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 portions of material for the first stage; The second stage material is 35-50 portions; 2 to 6 parts of modified slag; 0.1-0.3 parts of compound bacterial agent; 6 to 8 portions of nutrient soil; 3-5 parts of humus soil; The first stage material includes a resin coating material and an initial fertilizer, wherein the initial fertilizer includes a first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth, wherein N in the initial fertilizer is calculated as N element, P is calculated as P2O5, and K is calculated as K20, and the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 18:10:25; The second stage includes seaweed coating materials and late-stage fertilizers, wherein the late-stage fertilizers include a second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, a functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar; in the late-stage fertilizers, N is calculated as N element, P is calculated as P2O5, and K is calculated as K20, and the weight ratio of the N, P and K elements is 10:8:

25.

2. A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acids and modified diatomaceous earth is 75-80:2-3:1-3:1-2:5-8.

3. A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar is 70-80:2-3:0.05-1:1-1.5:0.1-0.3:50-65.

4. A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements include boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio of the boric acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium molybdate is 0.5-1:6-12:0.03-0.05:0.01-0.

03.

5. A fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and the bacterial contents of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus are all ≥500 million / ml.

6. A method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Modified residue: wash the lees, soak them in deionized water for 24 hours, dry them at 80℃, and carbonize them at 600-700℃ for 2-5 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain carbonized lees. Dissolve the carbonized lees, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water by ultrasonication for 30-50 minutes. Mix them evenly and perform hydrothermal reaction at 180℃ for 15-24 hours. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, cool them to room temperature, filter them, wash them with deionized water, and dry them in an oven at 80-100℃ to obtain a mixture with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:

25. The dried mixture is immersed in a 5% citric acid solution at a ratio of 1:10 g / ml, and stirred at 150-200 r / min for 4 hours; filtered, the supernatant is discarded, and repeatedly rinsed with deionized water until the modified residue is neutral, and dried at 80°C to obtain the modified residue; the mass ratio of the carbonized wine lees, modified biogas residue, potassium hydroxide and deionized water is 8:5:2:25; 2) For the first stage material, blueberry extract, sulfur-containing amino acid and modified diatomaceous earth are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, which is placed in the disc of a disc granulator. The speed of the disc granulator is adjusted to 35-50 r / min. According to the granulation situation, a water mist spray gun is used to continuously spray water mist at the rising part of the powder, and particles with a diameter of 3-5 mm are continuously screened out. At the same time, the mixed powder is continuously added until the granulation is completed to obtain composite particles. The composite particles, the first nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group and trace elements are added to a coating machine for heating and melting by blasting, and the temperature is reduced to granulate to obtain an initial fertilizer. The initial fertilizer is coated with a 3% resin outer coating material to obtain the first stage material; 3) Second stage material, the urea in the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group is heated to 120°C to become a molten material, and then the remaining components of the second nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium group, trace elements, multiple amino acids, chitosan oligosaccharides, functionalized red algae mixture and modified litchi shell biochar are mixed and added to a rotary drum granulator, the molten material is atomized by a nozzle and mixed with solid materials to form granules, the materials after material formation enter a cooler, the granular materials after cooling are sieved to obtain 1-4 mm late fertilizer, the seaweed coating material solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the late fertilizer particles by a spraying device, the seaweed coating material solution accounts for 1% of the mass of the late fertilizer particles, and the second stage material is obtained; 4) Mixing: after uniformly mixing 2-6 parts by weight of modified slag, 6-8 parts by weight of nutrient soil and 3-5 parts by weight of humus soil, pour in 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of composite bacterial agent and stir, while adding 40-55 parts by weight of first-stage material and 35-50 parts by weight of second-stage material, stir evenly, send into a processing room, age at 30-40°C for 24 hours, turn over 6-7 times during storage, and obtain a fertilizer that promotes crop fruit swelling and color change.

7. The method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting fruit swelling and color change of crops as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified biogas residue: 1) Wash the sludge, The biogas residue is dispersed in ethanol, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 40°C, and then a coupling agent is slowly added dropwise, wherein the mass ratio of the biogas residue to the coupling agent is 2:3.5; after the addition is completed, the mixture is refluxed and stirred overnight, and the solvent is removed to obtain a coupling agent-doped biogas residue powder; 2) Preparation of modified sodium alginate, The sodium alginate powder is dissolved in ethanol, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and a sodium periodate aqueous solution is added to react at room temperature in the dark for 6 hours, a small amount of ethylene glycol is added to terminate the reaction, and the mixture is filtered, washed with ethanol for multiple times, and dried to obtain oxidized sodium alginate; polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino is added to a reaction kettle, and dimethyl sulfoxide is added to heat to 40°C and stirred to dissolve it, the oxidized sodium alginate is dissolved in water and slowly added dropwise to the reaction kettle, and after reacting for 4 hours, sodium borohydride is added in batches after cooling to room temperature, and the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the oxidized sodium alginate is 3:10; the reaction is continued for 12 hours, precipitated in ethanol, and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate powder, sodium periodate in the sodium periodate aqueous solution, polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol amino, and dimethyl sulfoxide is 5:3.2:5:5; 3) Preparation of modified biogas residue The modified sodium alginate was heated and dissolved in water. After cooling to room temperature, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide were added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, the coupling agent was added to dope the sludge. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The modified sludge was obtained by magnetic separation. The feed ratio of modified sodium alginate to coupling agent-doped sludge was 1:0.

6.

8. The method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting fruit swelling and color change of crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The modified diatomite preparation method: The diatomaceous earth is crushed, passed through 400 meshes, and the filtered diatomaceous earth is mixed with calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, and polyvinyl alcohol, and then wood fiber and a treating agent are slowly added. After the liquid medium fully infiltrates the powder, forced stirring is performed, and the stirring speed is 200-400 rpm, the stirring time is 1-2 min, and the powder is dried at a temperature of 50-65° C. The water content is less than 4%, and the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by crushing. The mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, oyster powder, white quartz powder, polyvinyl alcohol, wood fiber and the treating agent is 12-16:35-40:3-4:2-3:1-2:1-1.5:36-38. The treating agent includes deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate, and the mass ratio of the deionized water, sodium citrate, sodium methyl siliconate and tributyl phosphate is 100:1.2:0.5:0.

3.

9. A method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting crop fruit swelling and color change as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The functionalized red algae mixture preparation method: The nitrogen-fixing red algae is washed, impurity-removed, dehydrated, dried, and ground into powder; the powdered raw material is hydrolyzed, and the powdered nitrogen-fixing red algae is placed in a hydrolysis tank for hydrolysis to obtain nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate; the hydrolyzate is phase-separated, and the hydrolyzed nitrogen-fixing red algae hydrolyzate is placed in a solid-liquid separator for phase separation; after the phase separation, the solid matter is treated, the solid matter is hydrolyzed to obtain a hydrolyzate, the hydrolyzate is phase-separated to increase the utilization rate of the raw materials, and the liquid matter is treated after the phase separation to obtain a concentrated solution; the concentrated solution is stirred while adding a brassinolide ethanol solution, the hydrothermal treatment is performed at a hydrothermal temperature of 70 to 80°C, the concentrated solution is cooled, and the water content is ≤5% to obtain a functionalized red algae mixture; each 100 ml of the concentrated solution contains 0.1 mg / ml of the brassinolide ethanol solution.

10. The method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting fruit swelling and color change of crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The modified litchi shell biochar preparation method: 1) After washing the litchi shell, immerse the litchi shell in phosphoric acid, place it at room temperature for 12 hours, wash it until it is neutral, and dry it to obtain litchi shell biochar; the mass ratio of the litchi shell to the phosphoric acid is 1:4.5; 2) Mix 2g of litchi shell biochar with 25ml of citric acid, then add 10ml of ascorbic acid solution to the mixed solution, place in a 30°C water bath, stir and immerse for 6h, filter, wash, and dry at 45°C; the concentration of the citric acid solution is 1.5mmol / L, and the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution is 15mmol / L; 3) The product obtained in step 2) is placed in a crucible and placed in a muffle furnace, and the required carbonization activation temperature is set to 300°C and the activation time is set to 180 minutes for carbonization activation. After cooling, the product is washed to neutrality, dried, ground with a pulverizer, and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain modified litchi shell biochar.