Magnesium alloy oxide removal process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy processing, and particularly relates to a magnesium alloy oxide removal process, which effectively reduces the occurrence of hydrogen pore defects, and specifically, smelted magnesium alloy is prepared in a controlled environment, and a layer of non-reactive protective film is applied to prevent external contact and hydrogen generation; then mild preheating is carried out in a closed system, and hydrogen release is avoided; immersing the magnesium alloy into a solution containing active components, enhancing the decomposition effect of oxides by utilizing ultrasonic vibration, and meanwhile, avoiding the formation of new pores caused by physical impact; removing an attached solution through centrifugal force, and performing low-temperature drying to ensure no water residue; and finally, treating and controlling the cooling rate in a vacuum environment to prevent internal stress concentration. The surface quality and the overall performance of the magnesium alloy are remarkably improved through the whole process, and reliable guarantee is provided for use in the high-requirement application field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy processing, and in particular relates to a magnesium alloy oxide removal process. Background Art

[0002] Magnesium alloys are prone to form oxide layers during the smelting process. These oxides not only affect the surface quality of the material, but may also cause defects in subsequent processing. Existing technologies for removing oxides from magnesium alloys mainly include physical methods (such as mechanical grinding and sandblasting) and chemical methods (such as acid washing and alkaline washing). Although these methods can remove oxides to a certain extent, they have some limitations:

[0003] Physical methods: such as mechanical grinding or sandblasting, these methods may damage the surface of magnesium alloys, introduce new defects, and have difficulty processing parts with complex shapes.

[0004] Chemical methods: such as acid washing or alkaline washing, although they can effectively remove oxides, may produce hydrogen bubbles during the treatment process, resulting in hydrogen pore defects. In addition, the use of chemical reagents also brings environmental pollution and safety issues.

[0005] In the prior art, especially in the process of removing magnesium alloy oxides by chemical methods, how to effectively reduce the occurrence of hydrogen pore defects is an urgent problem to be solved. Hydrogen pore defects not only reduce the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, but also affect their corrosion resistance and appearance quality. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a magnesium alloy oxide removal process, which ensures the removal of oxides while avoiding the generation of hydrogen pore defects through a series of optimization steps, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a magnesium alloy oxide removal process, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Preparing the smelted magnesium alloy in a controlled environment, adjusting the humidity and temperature range of the environment, and applying a protective film to the smelted magnesium alloy;

[0009] The magnesium alloy with the protective film is preheated in a closed system, and the preheating temperature is gradually increased and maintained below a level that does not cause hydrogen release;

[0010] After preheating, the magnesium alloy is immersed in a solution containing active ingredients. After the immersion process, ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the decomposition effect of the active ingredients on the oxides while avoiding the formation of new pores caused by physical impact.

[0011] The treated magnesium alloy is subjected to centrifugal force to remove the attached solution, and the magnesium alloy is dried at low temperature. The dried magnesium alloy is placed in a vacuum environment to remove any trace moisture or gas that may remain;

[0012] The cooling rate is controlled according to the vacuum environment conditions to cool down.

[0013] Preferably, the step of preparing the smelted magnesium alloy in a controlled environment and adjusting the humidity and temperature range of the environment comprises:

[0014] Adjust the environmental parameters, set the humidity to 45 to 60 percent, and maintain the temperature between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius;

[0015] Based on the set humidity and temperature values, an environmental stability index is calculated to ensure that the index does not exceed 45 to maintain the surface stability of the magnesium alloy;

[0016] Under the obtained environmental stability index condition, a protective gas is introduced, and its flow rate is adjusted according to the environmental stability index;

[0017] According to the protective gas flow rate, adjust the gas exchange rate in the environment to ensure at least 5 air changes per hour.

[0018] Preferably, applying a protective film to the smelted magnesium alloy comprises:

[0019] Select non-reactive materials and prepare solutions based on the selected materials to ensure that the mass concentration of the materials in the solution is maintained between 5% and 10%;

[0020] Based on the prepared solution, the magnesium alloy is immersed in the solution, and the magnesium alloy is taken out after immersion, and the surface is immediately dried, and the drying temperature is set to the ambient temperature plus an additional 10 degrees Celsius.

[0021] Preferably, the preheating of the magnesium alloy with the protective film in a closed system comprises:

[0022] Determine the preheating starting temperature, which is set to the ambient temperature plus 5 degrees Celsius. According to the preheating starting temperature, set the temperature rise rate to ensure that the rate does not exceed 3 degrees Celsius per minute;

[0023] At a certain temperature rise rate, the internal pressure of the magnesium alloy is continuously monitored. When the monitored pressure approaches the critical value, the heating power is adjusted to ensure that the pressure during the preheating process does not exceed the safety limit.

[0024] Preferably, after the preheating is completed, immersing the magnesium alloy in a solution containing active ingredients comprises:

[0025] The reaction solution is prepared to ensure that the mass fraction of the active ingredient in the solution is maintained between 2% and 8%;

[0026] According to the configured reaction solution, the solution temperature is adjusted, and under the set solution temperature condition, the immersion time of the magnesium alloy in the solution is controlled to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out without generating gas byproducts;

[0027] According to the soaking process, monitor the change of solution pH during the reaction process to ensure that the change does not exceed 1 unit.

[0028] Preferably, after the soaking process, ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the decomposition effect of the active ingredient on the oxide, including:

[0029] determining an ultrasonic frequency, which is set between 20 and 40 kHz, and calculating ultrasonic energy according to the determined ultrasonic frequency to ensure that the energy does not exceed 5 joules per square centimeter;

[0030] Under the calculated ultrasonic energy conditions, the ultrasonic amplitude is adjusted, and the ultrasonic action time is monitored and maintained according to the ultrasonic amplitude.

[0031] Preferably, the treated magnesium alloy is subjected to centrifugal force to remove the attached solution, comprising:

[0032] Determine the centrifuge speed, which is set between 1000 and 3000 revolutions per minute, and calculate the centrifugal acceleration based on the determined centrifuge speed to ensure that the acceleration does not exceed 500g;

[0033] Under the calculated centrifugal acceleration conditions, the centrifugation time was adjusted. According to the centrifugation time, subsequent inspections were performed to monitor the amount of residual liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy to ensure that the residual liquid amount was lower than the preset threshold and verify the removal effect of the solution.

[0034] Preferably, the low-temperature drying of the magnesium alloy comprises:

[0035] Determine the drying temperature, which is set between 30 and 45 degrees Celsius, and design the air flow path according to the determined drying temperature to ensure that the path can cover every part of the magnesium alloy surface;

[0036] Based on the designed air flow path, the air flow rate is adjusted. According to the air flow rate, the relative humidity in the drying chamber is monitored to ensure that the humidity does not exceed 20% to ensure that the magnesium alloy does not absorb additional moisture during the drying process.

[0037] Preferably, the dried magnesium alloy is placed in a vacuum environment to remove any trace moisture or gas that may remain, including:

[0038] Determine the pressure of the vacuum environment, set the pressure to be lower than 0.1 Pascal, and calculate the pumping time based on the determined vacuum pressure;

[0039] Under the calculated pumping time conditions, the heating power is adjusted, and the residual gas concentration in the vacuum chamber is monitored according to the heating power to ensure that the concentration is reduced below the preset safety threshold.

[0040] Preferably, the cooling is performed by controlling the cooling rate according to the vacuum environment conditions, including:

[0041] Determine the initial cooling temperature, which is set as the actual temperature of the magnesium alloy at the end of the vacuum treatment. According to the determined initial cooling temperature, set the final cooling temperature, usually room temperature or slightly below room temperature, to ensure that the temperature drop does not exceed 50 degrees Celsius to control the cooling rate;

[0042] Based on the calculated temperature drop, adjust the cooling rate to ensure that the rate remains at no more than 2 degrees Celsius per minute;

[0043] According to the cooling rate, the internal stress of the magnesium alloy during the cooling process is monitored to ensure that the stress does not exceed the yield strength of the material, thereby reducing the occurrence of porosity defects.

[0044] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the magnesium alloy oxide removal process proposed by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0045] The magnesium alloy oxide removal process of the present invention effectively reduces the occurrence of hydrogen pore defects. Specifically, the smelted magnesium alloy is prepared in a controlled environment, and a non-reactive protective film is applied to prevent external contact and hydrogen generation; then it is gently preheated in a closed system to avoid triggering hydrogen release; then the magnesium alloy is immersed in a solution containing active ingredients, and ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the oxide decomposition effect, while avoiding the formation of new pores caused by physical impact; then the attached solution is removed by centrifugal force and low-temperature drying is performed to ensure that no moisture remains; finally, it is processed in a vacuum environment and the cooling rate is controlled to prevent internal stress concentration. The entire process significantly improves the surface quality and overall performance of the magnesium alloy, providing a reliable guarantee for use in high-demand application fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a magnesium alloy oxide removal process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The present invention provides Figure 1 A magnesium alloy oxide removal process shown includes the following steps:

[0049] a) Preparing the smelted magnesium alloy in a controlled environment, where the humidity and temperature are adjusted to a specific range to ensure the surface stability of the magnesium alloy; specifically, the following sub-process steps are included:

[0050] Adjust the environmental parameters, set the humidity H to 45 to 60 percent, and maintain the temperature T1 between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius; create a stable environmental condition by precisely controlling the humidity and temperature. This process reduces the impact of external factors on the magnesium alloy, prevents surface oxidation or chemical reactions caused by environmental changes, and thus ensures the stability of the magnesium alloy surface. The appropriate humidity and temperature range also helps the subsequent processing steps to proceed smoothly.

[0051] Based on the set humidity H and temperature T1 values, the environmental stability index ESI is calculated with the formula ESI = (H + T1) / 2, ensuring that ESI does not exceed 45 to maintain the surface stability of the magnesium alloy; the introduction of the environmental stability index (ESI) as a measurement standard can quantify the degree of influence of environmental conditions on the surface of the magnesium alloy. Limiting ESI to less than 45 can effectively avoid surface changes caused by excessively high or low environmental conditions, further ensure the physical and chemical stability of the magnesium alloy surface, and reduce unnecessary surface defects.

[0052] Under the obtained ESI conditions, a protective gas G is introduced, and its flow rate Fg is calculated according to the formula Fg = 1.2*ESI to ensure the purity of the gas environment around the magnesium alloy; by introducing the protective gas and adjusting its flow rate according to ESI, a non-reactive gas barrier can be formed around the magnesium alloy to prevent oxygen, moisture, etc. in the air from contacting the surface of the magnesium alloy, thereby avoiding oxidation or other chemical reactions. This not only improves the quality of the magnesium alloy surface, but also reduces the hydrogen pore defects that may be generated in subsequent treatments.

[0053] According to the flow rate Fg of the protective gas G, the gas exchange rate ER in the environment is adjusted and calculated by the formula ER=Fg / Venv, where Venv represents the volume of the environment, ensuring that ER is maintained at at least 5 air changes per hour to maintain the set humidity H and temperature T1 conditions. Adjust the gas exchange rate (ER) to ensure that the gas in the environment can be quickly updated to maintain the set humidity and temperature conditions. High-frequency gas exchange helps to exclude any impurity gases that may enter the environment and maintain the stability and purity of environmental conditions. In addition, the appropriate gas exchange rate can also promote the uniform distribution of the protective gas, further enhance the protection effect, and ensure that the magnesium alloy is always in the optimal environment throughout the entire processing process.

[0054] b) applying a protective film according to the prepared magnesium alloy, the protective film is composed of a non-reactive material and is intended to cover the surface of the magnesium alloy to prevent direct contact with the outside world; specifically, the following sub-process steps are included:

[0055] The non-reactive material M with low chemical activity and high thermal stability is selected for the preparation of the protective film; the selection of non-reactive material M with low chemical activity and high thermal stability can ensure that the protective film will not react adversely with the magnesium alloy during subsequent processing, nor will it decompose or fail due to temperature changes. This material selection provides a stable barrier for the magnesium alloy, effectively isolating oxygen, moisture and other substances that may cause corrosion or oxidation in the external environment.

[0056] According to the selected material M, a solution S is prepared, wherein the mass concentration Cm of the material M is calculated by the formula Cm=m / Vsol, where m is the mass of the material M and Vsol is the volume of the solution, ensuring that Cm is maintained between 5% and 10% to achieve the best coverage effect; by precisely controlling the mass concentration (Cm) of the non-reactive material in the solution, a uniform and dense protective film can be formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy. Solutions with a mass concentration between 5% and 10% can ensure sufficient material deposition while avoiding excessively thick or uneven coatings, thereby achieving the best coverage effect and protective performance. Appropriate concentrations also help reduce material waste and improve process efficiency.

[0057] Based on the prepared solution S, the magnesium alloy is immersed in the solution S, and the residence time t1 is calculated according to the formula t1 = k1*A, A is the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy, k1 is the proportional coefficient set to 0.02 minutes per square centimeter to ensure that the protective film is evenly formed; by calculating the immersion time (t1) and adjusting it according to the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy, it can be ensured that the entire surface can fully contact the solution, so that the protective film is evenly attached to the magnesium alloy. The setting of the proportional coefficient (k1) takes into account magnesium alloy parts of different shapes and sizes, ensuring that each part can obtain the same protection effect, avoiding the problem of insufficient or excessive local coverage. This method improves the consistency and reliability of the protective film.

[0058] According to the immersion process, after the magnesium alloy is taken out, the surface is dried immediately. The drying temperature Td is calculated by the formula Td = Tenv + ΔTd, where Tenv is the ambient temperature and ΔTd is the additional temperature value set at 10 degrees Celsius to ensure rapid drying without damaging the protective film. By drying at an additional temperature of 10 degrees Celsius on the basis of the ambient temperature, the evaporation of water can be accelerated without affecting the integrity of the protective film, ensuring that the protective film solidifies quickly. This temperature setting not only avoids the potential damage to the protective film caused by excessively high temperatures, but also achieves rapid drying and improves production efficiency. In addition, rapid drying helps prevent moisture from being re-adsorbed onto the protective film, further enhancing the protective effect.

[0059] c) preheating the treated magnesium alloy in a closed system, with the preheating temperature gradually increasing and maintained below a level that does not cause hydrogen release; specifically comprising the following sub-process steps:

[0060] Determine the preheating starting temperature Tstart. By setting the preheating starting temperature (Tstart) to the ambient temperature plus 5 degrees Celsius, it can ensure that the magnesium alloy starts the preheating process under relatively stable environmental conditions. This mild starting temperature avoids the impact of sudden temperature changes on the material structure and reduces stress concentration and potential internal defects caused by sudden temperature changes. At the same time, it also ensures a smooth start of the preheating process, providing a good foundation for further heating.

[0061] According to Tstart, the temperature rise rate Rt is set, which is calculated by the formula Rt = (Tfinal-Tstart) / t2, where Tfinal is the target preheating temperature and t2 is the time required to reach the target temperature. Rt is guaranteed not to exceed 3 degrees Celsius per minute to prevent sudden temperature changes; by controlling the temperature rise rate (Rt), the internal stress accumulation and structural damage caused by the rapid temperature rise during the preheating process of the magnesium alloy can be effectively avoided. Setting the maximum heating rate to 3 degrees Celsius per minute ensures the smoothness of the temperature change, allowing the magnesium alloy to have enough time to adapt to the temperature change, thereby reducing the risk of hydrogen pore defects. In addition, this slow heating also helps to evenly heat the entire material and ensure the consistency of the preheating effect.

[0062] At a determined Rt rate, the internal pressure Pm of the magnesium alloy is continuously monitored and calculated using the formula Pm = km*Vsys*Tpre, where Vsys is the volume of the closed system, Tpre is the temperature of the magnesium alloy after preheating, and km is a constant related to the material properties, ensuring that Pm remains within a safe range to avoid hydrogen release; by real-time monitoring of the internal pressure (Pm) of the magnesium alloy, possible pressure anomalies can be discovered and responded to in a timely manner during the preheating process. The calculation formula can accurately predict the changing trend of the internal pressure to ensure that it is always within a safe range. This not only helps prevent the release of hydrogen due to excessive pressure, but also protects the internal structure of the magnesium alloy and avoids cracks or other defects caused by gas expansion. Continuous monitoring improves the safety and reliability of the entire preheating process.

[0063] According to the monitored pressure Pm, when Pm approaches the critical value Pcritical, the heating power Wh is adjusted and calculated using the formula Wh = αh*(Pcritical-Pm), where αh is the adjustment coefficient, to ensure that the pressure Pm during the preheating process does not exceed the safety limit, thereby maintaining the integrity of the internal structure of the magnesium alloy. This method can flexibly respond to any possible pressure fluctuations during the preheating process, avoiding hydrogen release and other adverse consequences caused by excessive pressure. The introduction of the adjustment coefficient (αh) makes the adjustment of the heating power more precise and stable, further ensuring the integrity and stability of the internal structure of the magnesium alloy.

[0064] d) After the preheating in step c is completed, the magnesium alloy is immersed in a solution containing active ingredients, which can react with the oxides on the surface of the magnesium alloy without producing gaseous byproducts; specifically comprising the following sub-process steps:

[0065] A reaction solution L is prepared, which contains an active ingredient A that can react with the oxide on the surface of the magnesium alloy, and the mass fraction Fa of A is calculated by the formula Fa=ma / Vsol, where ma is the mass of the active ingredient A and Vsol is the volume of the solution, and Fa is kept between 2% and 8%; by precisely controlling the mass fraction (Fa) of the active ingredient A, a uniform and effective reaction layer can be formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy. A solution with a mass fraction between 2% and 8% can ensure that sufficient active ingredients participate in the reaction while avoiding waste or uneven deposition that may be caused by excessive ingredients. This optimized concentration setting improves the reaction efficiency, while ensuring the stability and controllability of the reaction process and preventing the generation of gaseous by-products.

[0066] According to the configured reaction solution L, the solution temperature Ts is adjusted and calculated using the formula Ts = Tpre + ΔTs, where Tpre is the temperature of the magnesium alloy after preheating, and ΔTs is the additional temperature value set to 5 degrees Celsius to optimize the reaction conditions; by setting the solution temperature (Ts) to the preheated magnesium alloy temperature plus an additional 5 degrees Celsius, the chemical reaction rate and effect between the active ingredient and the oxide can be optimized. Appropriate temperature increase helps to accelerate the reaction process, but it will not be too high to cause unnecessary side reactions or material damage. This temperature setting ensures the optimization of reaction conditions, improves reaction efficiency and thoroughness, and avoids gas byproducts that may be produced due to excessive temperature.

[0067] Under the set Ts condition, the immersion time t2 of the magnesium alloy in the solution L is controlled, and it is calculated according to the formula t2 = k2*A, where A is the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy and k2 is the proportional coefficient set to 0.03 minutes per square centimeter to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out without producing gas byproducts; by calculating and controlling the immersion time (t2), it can be ensured that each part can fully contact the active ingredients according to the specific surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy to achieve a uniform and thorough reaction. The setting of the proportional coefficient (k2) takes into account magnesium alloy parts of different shapes and sizes, ensuring that each part can obtain the same treatment effect and avoiding the problem of insufficient or excessive local reaction. This method improves the consistency and reliability of the reaction and ensures the effective removal of oxides without producing gas byproducts.

[0068] According to the immersion process, the change in the pH value of the solution during the reaction, ΔpHs, is monitored and calculated using the formula ΔpHs = pHfinal-pHinitial, where pHinitial is the initial pH value and pHfinal is the target pH value, ensuring that ΔpHs does not exceed 1 unit to maintain a stable reaction environment. By real-time monitoring of the change in the pH value of the solution (ΔpHs), the stability of the reaction environment can be ensured to prevent adverse reactions or by-products caused by large fluctuations in pH. Limiting the pH change to less than 1 unit can effectively control the reaction conditions and ensure that the reaction is always carried out within the optimal range. A stable pH environment not only improves the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction, but also reduces potential damage to the surface of the magnesium alloy, further ensuring the quality and performance of the material.

[0069] e) After the soaking process in step d, ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the decomposition effect of the active ingredient on the oxide, while avoiding the formation of new pores caused by physical impact; specifically, the following sub-process steps are included:

[0070] The ultrasonic frequency Ful is determined, which is set between 20 and 40 kHz to ensure that the active ingredient A in the solution L can be effectively activated; by selecting the appropriate ultrasonic frequency (Ful), the active ingredient A in the solution can be effectively activated without causing excessive physical impact. The frequency range of 20 to 40 kHz can provide sufficient energy to promote chemical reactions without causing damage to the surface of the magnesium alloy or creating new pores. This frequency setting optimizes the effect of ultrasound on the decomposition of oxides while protecting the integrity of the material.

[0071] According to the determined ultrasonic frequency Ful, the ultrasonic energy Eul is calculated using the formula Eul = Pul*t3, where Pul is the ultrasonic power and t3 is the immersion time. Eul is guaranteed not to exceed 5 joules per square centimeter. By precisely controlling the ultrasonic energy (Eul), it can be ensured that the ultrasonic treatment not only enhances the decomposition effect of the active ingredients on the oxides, but also avoids the physical impact and formation of new pores caused by excessive energy. Limiting the energy to no more than 5 joules per square centimeter ensures the safety and effectiveness of the ultrasonic treatment, prevents damage to the material surface, and improves the quality and reliability of the treatment. ;

[0072] Under the calculated ultrasonic energy Eul, the ultrasonic amplitude Ampu is adjusted, which is calculated by the formula Ampu = sqrt(Eul / , where A is the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy. By adjusting the ultrasonic amplitude (Ampu), the uniform distribution of ultrasonic energy can be ensured according to the specific surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy. The moderate amplitude can enhance the decomposition effect of the oxide without causing excessive pressure or damage to the surface of the magnesium alloy. This method ensures the balance of ultrasonic treatment, further improves the treatment effect, and protects the integrity of the material surface.

[0073] According to the ultrasonic amplitude Ampu, the ultrasonic action time t_ul is monitored and maintained, and it is calculated according to the formula t_ul=k_ul*(Ts-Troom), where Ts is the solution temperature, Troom is the room temperature, and k_ul is the time adjustment coefficient set to 0.1 minutes per degree Celsius. By dynamically adjusting the ultrasonic action time (t_ul), the processing time can be flexibly controlled according to the difference between the solution temperature and the room temperature. This not only ensures that the ultrasonic treatment time matches the temperature conditions, but also optimizes the effect of the entire treatment process. The introduction of the time adjustment coefficient (k_ul) makes the processing time more accurate and stable, ensuring the thoroughness and consistency of the oxide decomposition, while avoiding problems caused by too long or too short a processing time.

[0074] f) The magnesium alloy treated in step e is subjected to centrifugal force to remove the attached solution, and this process ensures the possibility of minimizing liquid residue; specifically, the process includes the following sub-process steps:

[0075] Determine the centrifuge speed Rpm, which is set between 1000 and 3000 revolutions per minute. By setting the appropriate centrifuge speed (Rpm), sufficient centrifugal force can be provided to effectively separate the attached solution without damaging the magnesium alloy. The speed range of 1000 to 3000 revolutions per minute can generate strong enough centrifugal force to separate the solution without causing excessive physical stress or damage to the magnesium alloy. This speed setting ensures an efficient and safe solution removal process.

[0076] According to the determined centrifuge speed Rpm, the centrifugal acceleration Gc is calculated using the formula Gc = (Rpm^2*r) / 980, where r is the centrifugal radius in centimeters, and Gc is guaranteed not to exceed 500g. By accurately calculating the centrifugal acceleration (Gc), it can be ensured that the centrifugal force will not cause physical damage to the magnesium alloy while effectively separating the solution. Limiting the centrifugal acceleration to no more than 500g can provide sufficient centrifugal force and protect the surface of the magnesium alloy from the impact and deformation caused by high acceleration. This method improves the efficiency of solution removal while ensuring the safety and integrity of the material.

[0077] Under the calculated centrifugal acceleration Gc, the centrifugal time tcen is adjusted, and it is calculated according to the formula tcen=V_solution / (A*Gc), where V_solution is the residual solution volume and A is the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy, to ensure that all attached solutions are effectively removed; by calculating and adjusting the centrifugal time (tcen), it is possible to ensure that all attached solutions are completely removed according to the residual solution volume and the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy. A moderate centrifugal time not only ensures the effective separation of the solution, but also avoids unnecessary material stress or energy waste caused by too long a time. This method improves the thoroughness of solution removal and ensures the cleanliness of the magnesium alloy surface.

[0078] According to the centrifugal time tcen, follow-up inspections are carried out to monitor the residual liquid amount L_residue on the surface of the magnesium alloy. The formula L_residue = m_initial-m_final is used for calculation, where m_initial is the mass before treatment and m_final is the mass after treatment. Ensure that L_residue is lower than the preset threshold. Through follow-up inspections and monitoring of the residual liquid amount (L_residue), it can be verified whether the effect of solution removal has reached the expected level. Controlling the residual liquid amount below the preset threshold ensures that there is almost no liquid residue on the surface of the magnesium alloy, providing a clean foundation for subsequent treatment. This method not only improves the reliability of the process, but also reduces subsequent problems that may be caused by residual liquid, such as corrosion or contamination.

[0079] g) After step f, the magnesium alloy is subjected to low-temperature drying. The air flow direction during the drying process is designed to ensure uniform dehydration of the magnesium alloy without introducing external impurities. Specifically, the following sub-process steps are included:

[0080] Determine the drying temperature Tdry, which is set between 30 and 45 degrees Celsius. By setting an appropriate low-temperature drying temperature (Tdry), the moisture attached to the surface can be effectively removed without affecting the physical and chemical properties of the magnesium alloy. The temperature range of 30 to 45 degrees Celsius is high enough to accelerate the evaporation of moisture, but low enough to avoid thermal stress or deformation of the material. This temperature setting ensures the safety and effectiveness of the dehydration process while protecting the surface quality of the magnesium alloy;

[0081] According to the determined drying temperature Tdry, the air flow path Path is designed to ensure that the path can cover every part of the surface of the magnesium alloy to achieve uniform dehydration. The path design must satisfy the formula Path_length = A / w, where A is the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy, and w is the airflow coverage area per unit width, ensuring that Path_length is long enough to optimize the air flow efficiency; by carefully designing the air flow path (Path), it can be ensured that the airflow evenly covers the entire surface of the magnesium alloy, thereby achieving uniform dehydration. The calculation of the path length (Path_length) takes into account the surface area of ​​the magnesium alloy and the airflow coverage area, ensuring the effective distribution and flow efficiency of the airflow. This method not only improves the uniformity of dehydration, but also reduces the risk of local insufficient drying or over-drying, further improving the drying effect;

[0082] Based on the designed air flow path Path, the air flow rate Qair is adjusted and calculated by the formula Qair = V_air / tdry, where V_air is the volume of air passing through the drying chamber per minute and tdry is the drying time. This ensures that Qair is maintained at an appropriate level. By precisely controlling the air flow rate (Qair), it is possible to ensure efficient dehydration while avoiding the introduction of external impurities or excessive energy consumption due to excessive air flow. A moderate air flow rate can provide enough fresh air to promote water evaporation while maintaining the purity of the drying environment. This method optimizes the drying conditions, improves the reliability and environmental friendliness of the process, and ensures the cleanliness of the magnesium alloy surface.

[0083] According to the air flow rate Qair, the relative humidity RHdry in the drying room is monitored and calculated using the formula RHdry = (P_vapor / P_sat)*100, where P_vapor is the actual water vapor pressure and P_sat is the saturated water vapor pressure. Ensure that RHdry does not exceed 20%. By real-time monitoring of the relative humidity (RHdry) in the drying room, it can be ensured that the drying environment is always maintained at a low humidity state to prevent the magnesium alloy from reabsorbing moisture. Controlling the relative humidity to no more than 20% can not only accelerate the evaporation of water, but also avoid the risk of re-absorption of water on the surface of the magnesium alloy. This method not only improves the drying efficiency, but also ensures the final drying quality of the magnesium alloy, providing a reliable guarantee for subsequent processing.

[0084] h) The dried magnesium alloy is placed in a vacuum environment for further treatment according to the result of step g to remove any trace moisture or gas that may remain; specifically, the following sub-process steps are included:

[0085] Determine the pressure Pvac of the vacuum environment and set it below 0.1 Pascal. By setting an extremely low vacuum pressure (Pvac), the remaining trace moisture and gas can be removed to the maximum extent without damaging the magnesium alloy. A pressure below 0.1 Pascal is sufficient to break the binding force between water molecules and the surface of the material, promote the effective discharge of moisture and gas, and avoid changes or damage to the material structure caused by excessive vacuum. This setting ensures the safety and efficiency of the processing process and improves the purity of the magnesium alloy.

[0086] According to the determined vacuum pressure Pvac, the pumping time tvac is calculated using the formula tvac = V_chamber / (Qvac*kv), where V_chamber is the volume of the vacuum chamber, Qvac is the pumping rate, and kv is the efficiency coefficient, to ensure that tvac is long enough to achieve complete pumping; by accurately calculating the pumping time (tvac), it can be ensured that the air and other gases in the vacuum chamber are fully pumped out to achieve the required vacuum degree. Considering the combined effects of the vacuum chamber volume, pumping rate, and efficiency coefficient, the pumping time is neither too long nor too short, thereby optimizing the efficiency and reliability of the pumping process. This method ensures the rapid establishment of a vacuum environment and provides stable conditions for subsequent processing.

[0087] Under the calculated vacuum time tvac, adjust the heating power Wheat, which is calculated by the formula Wheat = ΔT_heat*Cm*m, where ΔT_heat is the required temperature rise, Cm is the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy, and m is the mass of the magnesium alloy. Moderate heating (Wheat) can accelerate the evaporation of residual water, but will not cause thermal stress or deformation to the magnesium alloy. Accurately controlling the temperature rise (ΔT_heat) and heating power can not only improve the drying efficiency, but also protect the physical and chemical properties of the material. This method ensures the complete removal of moisture while maintaining the integrity and performance of the magnesium alloy, improving the quality of the final product;

[0088] According to the heating power Wheat, the residual gas concentration Cgas in the vacuum chamber is monitored, and the formula Cgas = Pvac_initial / (R_gas*T_abs), where Pvac_initial is the initial gas pressure, R_gas is the ideal gas constant, and T_abs is the absolute temperature, is used to ensure that Cgas is reduced below the preset safety threshold. By real-time monitoring of the residual gas concentration (Cgas) in the vacuum chamber, it can be ensured that the gas is effectively removed during the treatment process to reach the preset safety threshold. Controlling the residual gas concentration at an extremely low level can not only prevent the magnesium alloy from re-adsorbing gas or moisture, but also verify whether the treatment effect has achieved the expected goal. This method improves the reliability and consistency of the process and ensures the high purity and stability of the magnesium alloy.

[0089] i) Finally, cooling is performed according to the vacuum environment conditions provided in step h, and the cooling rate is controlled within a certain range to prevent internal stress concentration caused by rapid cooling, thereby reducing porosity defects; specifically, the following sub-process steps are included:

[0090] Determine the initial cooling temperature T_init, which is set as the actual temperature of the magnesium alloy at the end of the vacuum treatment. By setting the initial cooling temperature (T_init) to the actual temperature of the magnesium alloy at the end of the vacuum treatment, it can be ensured that the cooling process starts from a stable state. This setting avoids the impact of temperature mutations on the material structure and reduces thermal stress and potential internal defects caused by excessive temperature differences. In addition, it also ensures a smooth start of the cooling process, providing a basis for further precise control.

[0091] According to the determined initial cooling temperature T_init, the final cooling temperature T_fin is set, which is usually room temperature or slightly below room temperature. The temperature reduction amplitude is calculated by the formula ΔT_cool = T_init-T_fin to ensure that ΔT_cool does not exceed 50 degrees Celsius. By setting an appropriate final cooling temperature (T_fin), the temperature reduction amplitude (ΔT_cool) can be ensured to be within a controllable range. Limiting the temperature reduction amplitude to no more than 50 degrees Celsius can achieve effective cooling without causing internal stress concentration in the material due to excessive temperature differences. This method not only improves the safety and reliability of the cooling process, but also reduces pore defects and other structural problems that may be caused by sudden temperature drops.

[0092] Based on the calculated temperature drop ΔT_cool, the cooling rate Rcool is adjusted and calculated using the formula Rcool = ΔT_cool / tcool, where tcool is the total cooling time. Ensure that Rcool remains at no more than 2 degrees Celsius per minute. By precisely controlling the cooling rate (Rcool), internal stress concentration caused by rapid cooling can be effectively prevented. Limiting the cooling rate to no more than 2 degrees Celsius per minute ensures that the material has enough time to adapt to temperature changes during the cooling process, reducing the risk of internal stress accumulation. This method improves the consistency and uniformity of the cooling process, further improving the quality and stability of magnesium alloys.

[0093] According to the cooling rate Rcool, the internal stress Sint of the magnesium alloy during the cooling process is monitored and calculated using the formula Sint = Em*ε, where Em is the elastic modulus of the material and ε is the strain, to ensure that Sint does not exceed the yield strength of the material. By real-time monitoring and controlling the internal stress (Sint) of the magnesium alloy during the cooling process, it can be ensured that it is always within a safe range and does not exceed the yield strength of the material. This method can not only prevent cracks or other defects caused by stress concentration, but also verify whether the effect of the cooling process has achieved the desired goal. Accurate control of internal stress helps maintain the integrity and mechanical properties of the material and minimizes the risk of porosity defects.

[0094] In summary, the magnesium alloy oxide removal process of the present invention effectively reduces the occurrence of hydrogen pore defects. Specifically:

[0095] The smelted magnesium alloy is prepared in a controlled environment and a non-reactive protective film is applied to prevent external contact and hydrogen generation; it is then gently preheated in a closed system to avoid triggering hydrogen release; the magnesium alloy is then immersed in a solution containing active ingredients, and ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the decomposition of oxides while avoiding the formation of new pores caused by physical impact; the attached solution is then removed by centrifugal force and low-temperature drying is performed to ensure that no moisture remains; finally, it is processed in a vacuum environment and the cooling rate is controlled to prevent internal stress concentration. The entire process significantly improves the surface quality and overall performance of the magnesium alloy, providing reliable guarantees for use in high-demand application fields.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparing the smelted magnesium alloy in a controlled environment, adjusting the humidity and temperature range of the environment, and applying a protective film to the smelted magnesium alloy; The magnesium alloy with the protective film is preheated in a closed system, and the preheating temperature is gradually increased and maintained below a level that does not cause hydrogen release; After preheating, the magnesium alloy is immersed in a solution containing active ingredients. After the immersion process, ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the decomposition effect of the active ingredients on the oxides while avoiding the formation of new pores caused by physical impact. The treated magnesium alloy is subjected to centrifugal force to remove the attached solution, and the magnesium alloy is dried at low temperature. The dried magnesium alloy is placed in a vacuum environment to remove any trace moisture or gas that may remain; The cooling rate is controlled according to the vacuum environment conditions to cool down.

2. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of preparing the smelted magnesium alloy in a controlled environment and adjusting the humidity and temperature range of the environment comprises: Adjust the environmental parameters, set the humidity to 45 to 60 percent, and maintain the temperature between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius; Based on the set humidity and temperature values, an environmental stability index is calculated to ensure that the index does not exceed 45 to maintain the surface stability of the magnesium alloy; Under the obtained environmental stability index condition, a protective gas is introduced, and its flow rate is adjusted according to the environmental stability index; According to the protective gas flow rate, adjust the gas exchange rate in the environment to ensure at least 5 air changes per hour.

3. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of applying a protective film to the smelted magnesium alloy comprises: Select non-reactive materials and prepare solutions based on the selected materials to ensure that the mass concentration of the materials in the solution is maintained between 5% and 10%; Based on the prepared solution, the magnesium alloy is immersed in the solution, and the magnesium alloy is taken out after immersion, and the surface is immediately dried, and the drying temperature is set to the ambient temperature plus an additional 10 degrees Celsius.

4. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of preheating the magnesium alloy with the protective film in a closed system comprises: Determine the preheating starting temperature, which is set to the ambient temperature plus 5 degrees Celsius. According to the preheating starting temperature, set the temperature rise rate to ensure that the rate does not exceed 3 degrees Celsius per minute; At a certain temperature rise rate, the internal pressure of the magnesium alloy is continuously monitored. When the monitored pressure approaches the critical value, the heating power is adjusted to ensure that the pressure during the preheating process does not exceed the safety limit.

5. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the preheating is completed, the magnesium alloy is immersed in a solution containing active ingredients, including: The reaction solution is prepared to ensure that the mass fraction of the active ingredient in the solution is maintained between 2% and 8%; According to the configured reaction solution, the solution temperature is adjusted, and under the set solution temperature condition, the immersion time of the magnesium alloy in the solution is controlled to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out without generating gas byproducts; According to the soaking process, monitor the change of solution pH during the reaction process to ensure that the change does not exceed 1 unit.

6. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the soaking process, ultrasonic vibration is used to enhance the decomposition effect of the active ingredients on the oxides, including: determining an ultrasonic frequency, which is set between 20 and 40 kHz, and calculating ultrasonic energy according to the determined ultrasonic frequency to ensure that the energy does not exceed 5 joules per square centimeter; Under the calculated ultrasonic energy conditions, the ultrasonic amplitude is adjusted, and the ultrasonic action time is monitored and maintained according to the ultrasonic amplitude.

7. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The treated magnesium alloy removes the attached solution by centrifugal force, comprising: Determine the centrifuge speed, which is set between 1000 and 3000 revolutions per minute, and calculate the centrifugal acceleration based on the determined centrifuge speed to ensure that the acceleration does not exceed 500g; Under the calculated centrifugal acceleration conditions, the centrifugation time was adjusted. According to the centrifugation time, subsequent inspections were performed to monitor the amount of residual liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy to ensure that the residual liquid amount was lower than the preset threshold and verify the removal effect of the solution.

8. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The low temperature drying of the magnesium alloy comprises: Determine the drying temperature, which is set between 30 and 45 degrees Celsius, and design the air flow path according to the determined drying temperature to ensure that the path can cover every part of the magnesium alloy surface; Based on the designed air flow path, the air flow rate is adjusted. According to the air flow rate, the relative humidity in the drying chamber is monitored to ensure that the humidity does not exceed 20% to ensure that the magnesium alloy does not absorb additional moisture during the drying process.

9. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dried magnesium alloy is placed in a vacuum environment to remove any trace moisture or gas that may remain, including: Determine the pressure of the vacuum environment, set the pressure to be lower than 0.1 Pascal, and calculate the pumping time based on the determined vacuum pressure; Under the calculated pumping time conditions, the heating power is adjusted, and the residual gas concentration in the vacuum chamber is monitored according to the heating power to ensure that the concentration is reduced below the preset safety threshold.

10. A magnesium alloy oxide removal process according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cooling is performed by controlling the cooling rate according to the vacuum environment conditions, comprising: Determine the initial cooling temperature, which is set as the actual temperature of the magnesium alloy at the end of the vacuum treatment. According to the determined initial cooling temperature, set the final cooling temperature, usually room temperature or slightly below room temperature, to ensure that the temperature drop does not exceed 50 degrees Celsius to control the cooling rate; Based on the calculated temperature drop, adjust the cooling rate to ensure that the rate remains at no more than 2 degrees Celsius per minute; According to the cooling rate, the internal stress of the magnesium alloy during the cooling process is monitored to ensure that the stress does not exceed the yield strength of the material, thereby reducing the occurrence of porosity defects.

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