Asymmetric magneto-rheological damper capable of self-adapting to flow channel switching

Abstract

The invention discloses an asymmetric characteristic magnetorheological damper self-adaptive to flow channel switching, which belongs to the technical field of automobile suspension systems and comprises an asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly, a damper cylinder barrel assembly, a floating piston assembly and a guider assembly. An outer cylinder barrel guide belt of the asymmetric runner switching piston assembly and the inner wall of the damper cylinder barrel assembly form a coaxial matching relation in a surface contact mode. A piston rod of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly coaxially penetrates through the guider assembly at the top of the damper through the upper cavity, and the floating piston assembly is coaxially arranged in the lower cavity below the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly. The asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly comprises three annular damping flow channels, and flow changing valve plates of different configurations are arranged at the head ends and the tail ends of two of the annular damping flow channels correspondingly. According to the invention, the riding comfort and the control stability of the vehicle can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile suspension systems, and in particular relates to an asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous upgrading of automobile suspension system technology, the dynamic performance requirements of vehicles for dampers are becoming increasingly stringent, especially when taking into account the contradictory performance indicators of ride comfort and handling stability, traditional magnetorheological dampers face significant challenges. With its advantages of rapid response, compact structure, and continuously adjustable damping force, magnetorheological dampers have become one of the core components of automobile suspension systems, but their inherent design defects still limit their comprehensive breakthroughs in performance. Specifically, the damping characteristics of traditional magnetorheological dampers are usually symmetrical, that is, the damping force adjustment range of the extension stroke and the compression stroke is similar, which is difficult to meet the differentiated needs of vehicles under complex working conditions. For example, a smaller damping force is required in the compression stroke to absorb the impact energy of the road and improve ride comfort; while a larger damping force is required in the extension stroke to suppress changes in the body posture and enhance handling stability. The lack of this asymmetric damping characteristic makes it difficult for existing dampers to achieve a dynamic balance between comfort and handling.

[0003] It is worth noting that although the magnetorheological damper has the ability to regulate the damping force through the magnetic field, its regulation effect is still limited by the inherent framework of the symmetrical flow channel design. Even if the dynamic adjustment of the damping force is achieved through current control, the traditional symmetrical structure will still cause the damping characteristics of the tension and compression strokes to be coupled due to the hysteresis of the controller. For example, when the damping force is reduced in the compression stroke to absorb the impact, the maximum damping force of the tension stroke will also be limited synchronously, resulting in the vehicle being unable to provide sufficient posture stability during emergency lane changes or high-speed cornering; conversely, if the damping force of the tension stroke is increased by enhancing the magnetic field, the damping force of the compression stroke will also increase accordingly, exacerbating the transmission of road impact to the vehicle body. The "symmetry constraints" brought about by this control system make it difficult for existing technologies to break through the physical boundaries of asymmetric damping characteristics, resulting in the actual performance of the damper being unable to match the diversity of vehicle dynamic requirements.

[0004] In the prior art, the design of magnetorheological dampers focuses on the optimization of symmetric damping characteristics. For example, the damping force adjustment range is expanded by increasing the number of magnetorheological fluid channels or adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the channels. However, while such solutions reduce the basic damping force (zero-field damping force) of the compression stroke, they often simultaneously weaken the basic damping force of the extension stroke, resulting in a decrease in the ability to adjust the handling stability. Although the use of external electronically controlled valves or independent channel switching devices can achieve asymmetric damping characteristics, their complex mechanical structure and high-precision control requirements will significantly increase system costs and introduce additional failure risks, reducing the reliability and robustness of the suspension system. In addition, the magnetic field design of traditional magnetorheological dampers is usually difficult to cover the synchronous regulation of multiple channels, resulting in uneven magnetic field utilization in the extension and compression strokes, further limiting the realization of asymmetric characteristics. Under high-speed impact conditions, the basic damping force of the compression stroke of the existing magnetorheological damper is still high due to insufficient redundancy in the channel design, resulting in the inability to effectively attenuate the impact energy, which directly affects the ride comfort of the vehicle.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a magnetorheological damper that can adaptively adjust the asymmetric damping characteristics, achieve dynamic matching of large damping force in the extension stroke and small damping force in the compression stroke through structural innovation, and improve the damping force adjustment range of its two-way stroke. The present invention breaks through the limitations of traditional symmetrical damping design through innovative asymmetric flow channel switching mechanism and multi-flow channel magnetic field coordinated control technology, and provides a more efficient and reliable dynamic performance optimization solution for vehicle suspension systems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: an asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching, comprising: an asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly, a damper cylinder assembly, a floating piston assembly and a guide assembly; the outer cylinder guide belt of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly and the inner wall of the damper cylinder assembly form a coaxial matching relationship in the form of surface contact, so that the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly is arranged in the chamber inside the damper cylinder assembly, and the chamber inside the damper cylinder assembly is divided into an upper chamber and an lower chamber; the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly The piston rod of the component coaxially passes through the guide assembly on the top of the damper through the upper chamber to realize the radial multi-degree-of-freedom constraint of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly, and the floating piston assembly is coaxially arranged in the lower chamber below the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly to divide the lower chamber into two chambers; the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly includes three annular damping flow channels, and flow-changing valve plates with different configurations are respectively arranged at the head and tail ends of two of the annular damping flow channels, so that the asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching can realize the adaptive change of the combination of flow channels according to the direction of movement.

[0007] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive channel switching of the present invention is provided with an asymmetric channel switching piston assembly. The asymmetric channel switching piston assembly adds two additional annular damping channels on the basis of the piston assembly of the traditional magnetorheological damper, and adds flow-changing valve plates with different configurations at the head and tail ends of the channels, respectively, so that the damper can adaptively change the channel combination mode according to the direction of movement. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper of the present invention adaptively realizes the effect of three-channel parallel shunt pressure relief through the flow-changing valve plate in the compression stroke, thereby greatly increasing the overall channel cross-sectional area of ​​the compression stroke to reduce the fluid pressure difference, thereby significantly reducing the basic damping force of the compression stroke of the asymmetric magnetorheological damper; it can also adaptively realize the effect of three-channel series flow convergence through the flow-changing valve plate in the extension stroke, thereby greatly increasing the effective length of the channel without changing the overall channel cross-sectional area of ​​the extension stroke, thereby significantly improving the basic damping force of the extension stroke of the asymmetric magnetorheological damper; this adaptive inherent asymmetric basic damping characteristic makes the suspension system not affected by the controller hysteresis. In addition, the excitation coils arranged between the two flow channels of the present invention can realize synchronous control of the entire flow channel, thereby making the asymmetric magnetorheological damper have a wider damping force adjustment range in both compression and extension strokes. Combined with its asymmetric basic damping characteristics of large tension and small compression, it can achieve a comprehensive improvement in the vehicle's ride comfort and handling stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1The axial side cross-sectional view of the asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching of the present invention, wherein: 1-floating piston, 2-piston bottom end cover, 3-external plug O-ring, 4-bottom diverter valve plate inner guide band, 5-first positioning pin, 6-bottom diverter valve plate outer guide band, 7-bottom spiral spring, 8-second positioning pin, 9-external lower magnetic conductive plate, 10-internal coil skeleton, 11-external coil skeleton, 12-transition lead, 13-internal plug O-ring, 14-internal plug, 15-top diverter valve plate outer guide band, 16-top diverter valve plate, 17-top spiral spring, 18-middle piston core, 19-top piston core, 20-stop ring gasket, 21-magnetorheological fluid, 22-damper outer cylinder, 23-oil seal card Spring, 24-skeleton oil seal, 25-guide O-ring, 26-copper bushing, 27-guide skeleton, 28-Gley ring, 29-buffer pad, 30-external lead, 31-piston rod, 32-stop ring, 33-piston rod O-ring, 34-piston top end cover, 35-end cover retaining spring, 36-piston outer cylinder, 37-internal upper magnetic plate, 38-external upper magnetic plate, 39-external cylinder guide belt, 40-external excitation coil, 41-internal excitation coil, 42-internal coil lead, 43-internal lower magnetic plate, 44-bottom diverter valve plate, 45-external coil lead, 46-bottom piston core, 47-external plug, 48-floating piston guide belt, 49-floating piston O-ring, 50-end cover, 51-lifting ear;

[0010] Figure 2It is a bottom view and two cross-sectional views at different angles of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly of the present invention, wherein 2-piston bottom end cover, 201-selection inner flow channel groove, 202-normal outer flow channel groove, 203-extension boss, 204-wire hole, 205-buried wire groove, 3-external plug O-ring, 4-bottom diverter valve plate inner guide belt, 5-first positioning pin, 6-bottom diverter valve plate outer guide belt, 7-bottom coil spring, 8-first Two positioning pins, 9-external lower magnetic plate, 10-internal coil frame, 11-external coil frame, 12-transition lead, 13-internal plug O-ring, 14-internal plug, 15-top diverter valve plate outer guide belt, 16-top diverter valve plate, 1601-top valve outer flow channel groove, 17-top coil spring, 18-middle piston core, 19-top piston core, 20-stop ring gasket, 30-external lead, 31-piston rod, 32 - stop ring, 33- piston rod O-ring, 34- piston top end cover, 3401- radial inner flow channel groove, 3402- axial outer flow channel groove, 35- end cover retaining ring, 36- piston outer cylinder, 3601- edge annular flow channel groove, 37- internal upper magnetic plate, 3701- internal upper flow channel groove, 38- external upper magnetic plate, 3801- radial flow change groove, 40- external excitation coil, 41- internal excitation coil, 42- internal wire Coil lead, 43-inner lower magnetic conductive plate, 4301-inner lower flow channel groove, 44-bottom diverter valve plate, 4401-bottom valve inner flow channel groove, 4402-bottom valve outer flow channel groove, 45-external coil lead, 46-bottom piston core, 47-external plug, 52-external coil insulation layer, 53-internal coil insulation layer, 54-first damping flow channel, 55-second damping flow channel, 56-third damping flow channel, 57-top inner flow channel groove;

[0011] Figure 3 It is a partial view of the components of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a top view of the piston outer cylinder, (b) is a top view of the piston top end cover, (c) is a bottom view of the top diverter valve plate, (d) is a top view of the bottom diverter valve plate, (e) is a top view of the internal lower magnetic conductive plate, and (f) is a bottom view of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate; wherein, 16-top diverter valve plate, 1601-top valve outer flow channel groove, 34-piston top end cover, 3402-axial outer flow channel groove, 36-piston outer cylinder, 3601-edge annular flow channel groove, 37-inner upper magnetic conductive plate, 3701-inner upper flow channel groove, 43-inner lower magnetic conductive plate, 4301-inner lower flow channel groove, 44-bottom diverter valve plate, 4401-bottom valve inner flow channel groove, 4402-bottom valve outer flow channel groove;

[0012] Figure 4It is a cross-sectional view of the working state of the compression stroke of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly of the present invention, wherein 201-selection inner flow channel groove, 202-normal outer flow channel groove, 7-bottom coil spring, 16-top flow change valve plate, 1601-top valve outer flow channel groove, 17-top coil spring, 34-piston top end cover, 3401-radial inner flow channel groove, 3402-axial outer flow channel groove, 40-external excitation coil, 41-internal excitation coil, 44-bottom flow change valve plate, 4401-bottom valve inner flow channel groove, 4402-bottom valve outer flow channel groove, 46-bottom piston core, 54-first damping flow channel, 55-second damping flow channel, 56-third damping flow channel, 57-top inner flow channel groove;

[0013] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the working state of the stretching stroke of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly of the present invention, wherein 2-piston bottom end cover, 201-selective inner flow channel groove, 202-normal outer flow channel groove, 7-bottom coil spring, 16-top flow change valve plate, 1601-top valve outer flow channel groove, 17-top coil spring, 3401-radial inner flow channel groove, 3402-axial outer flow channel groove, 38-external upper magnetic conductive plate, 3801-radial flow change groove, 40-external excitation coil, 41-internal excitation coil, 44-bottom flow change valve plate, 54-first damping flow channel, 55-second damping flow channel, 56-third damping flow channel, 57-top inner flow channel groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0015] The asymmetric magnetorheological damper (or damper) with adaptive channel switching of the present invention includes an asymmetric channel switching piston assembly, which adds two additional annular damping channels on the basis of the piston assembly of the traditional magnetorheological damper, and adds flow-changing valve plates with different configurations at the head and tail ends of the annular damping channels, respectively, so that the damper can adaptively change the channel combination mode according to the direction of movement. The damper of the present invention achieves the effect of three-channel parallel shunt pressure relief through the flow-changing valve plate in the compression stroke, thereby greatly increasing the overall channel cross-sectional area of ​​the compression stroke to reduce the fluid pressure difference, thereby significantly reducing the basic damping force of the damper compression stroke; it can also achieve the effect of three-channel series converging flow through the flow-changing valve plate in the extension stroke, thereby greatly increasing the effective length of the channel without changing the overall channel cross-sectional area of ​​the extension stroke, thereby significantly improving the basic damping force of the damper extension stroke. Correspondingly, the excitation coil arranged between every two adjacent flow channels of the present invention can realize synchronous control of the entire flow channel, so that the asymmetric magnetorheological damper has a wider damping force adjustment range in both compression and extension strokes. Combined with its asymmetric basic damping characteristics of large tension and small compression, it can achieve a comprehensive improvement in the vehicle's ride comfort and handling stability.

[0016] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive channel switching of the present invention includes: an asymmetric channel switching piston assembly, a damper cylinder assembly, a floating piston assembly and a guide assembly. The outer cylinder guide belt 39 of the asymmetric channel switching piston assembly forms a coaxial matching relationship with the inner wall of the damper cylinder assembly in the form of surface contact, so that the asymmetric channel switching piston assembly is arranged in the chamber inside the damper cylinder assembly, and the internal chamber of the damper cylinder assembly is divided into two parts, the upper and lower chambers. The piston rod of the asymmetric channel switching piston assembly coaxially passes through the guide assembly at the top of the damper through the upper chamber to realize the radial multi-degree-of-freedom constraint of the asymmetric channel switching piston assembly, and the floating piston assembly is coaxially arranged in the lower chamber below the asymmetric channel switching piston assembly, further dividing the lower chamber into two chambers, wherein the chamber below the floating piston assembly constitutes a volume compensation chamber.

[0017] The components of the assembly are as follows:

[0018] The damper cylinder assembly includes a lifting lug 51, an end cover 50 and a damper outer cylinder 22. The lifting lug 51 is welded to the lower end surface of the end cover 50, and the end cover 50 is fixed to the bottom of the damper outer cylinder 22 by gas welding.

[0019] Floating piston assembly: includes floating piston 1, floating piston guide belt 48 and floating piston O-ring 49. The floating piston guide belt 48 and floating piston O-ring 49 are respectively installed in corresponding grooves on the floating piston 1.

[0020] Guide assembly: includes oil seal retaining spring 23, skeleton oil seal 24, guide O-ring 25, copper bushing 26, guide skeleton 27, Gley ring 28 and buffer pad 29. Among them, the guide skeleton 27 is arranged at the top of the damper outer cylinder 22, the copper bushing 26 is installed in the slot between the skeleton oil seal 24 and the guide skeleton 27, the skeleton oil seal 24 is fixed to the stepped groove of the guide skeleton 27 through the oil seal retaining spring 23, the guide O-ring 25 is installed in the sealing ring groove on the outer surface of the guide skeleton 27, the Gley ring 28 is installed in the sealing ring groove on the inner surface of the guide skeleton 27 below the copper bushing 26, and the buffer pad 29 is fixed to the bottom of the guide skeleton 27.

[0021] Asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly: including piston bottom end cover 2, external plug O-ring 3, bottom diverter valve plate inner guide band 4, first positioning pin 5, bottom diverter valve plate outer guide band 6, bottom spiral spring 7, second positioning pin 8, external lower magnetic plate 9, internal coil skeleton 10, external coil skeleton 11, transition lead 12, internal plug O-ring 13, internal plug 14, top diverter valve plate outer guide band 15, top diverter valve plate 16, top spiral spring 17, middle piston core 18, top piston core 19, stop Moving ring gasket 20, external lead 30, piston rod 31, stop ring 32, piston rod O-ring 33, piston top end cover 34, end cover retaining spring 35, piston outer cylinder 36, internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37, external upper magnetic conductive plate 38, outer cylinder guide belt 39, external excitation coil 40, internal excitation coil 41, internal coil lead 42, internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43, bottom flow regulating valve plate 44, external coil lead 45, bottom piston core 46, external plug 47, external coil insulation layer 52, internal coil insulation layer 53.

[0022] The following is an explanation of the structure and working mode of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly. Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the assembly relationship of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly is as follows: the piston bottom end cover 2 is the lowest part as the reference, and the outermost part is provided with a piston outer cylinder 36, and the remaining parts are arranged inside the piston outer cylinder 36, and are divided into two layers of parts, the inner ring and the outer ring. The inner ring parts are coaxially arranged at the center of the piston bottom end cover 2, and from bottom to top, they are the bottom piston core 46, the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43, the middle piston core 18, the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37, the top piston core 19, and the piston rod 31; wherein, the outer plug 47 is arranged at the inner bottom end of the bottom piston core 46, and the inner plug 14 is arranged at the inner bottom end of the middle piston core 18; the internal coil skeleton 10, the internal excitation coil 41 and the internal coil insulation layer 53 are arranged between the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37 and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43; the bottom diverter valve plate 44 is arranged between the piston bottom end cover 2 and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43. The outer ring parts are coaxially arranged at the edge of the piston bottom end cover 2, and from bottom to top are the outer lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the outer upper magnetic conductive plate 38, and the outer coil skeleton 11, the external excitation coil 40 and the outer coil insulation layer 52 are arranged between the outer lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the outer upper magnetic conductive plate 38; the top diverter valve plate 16 is arranged between the outer upper magnetic conductive plate 38 and the piston top end cover 34. The piston top end cover 34 is arranged at the top of the piston outer cylinder 36 to lock all internal parts.

[0023] The piston bottom end cover 2 is provided with two groups of circumferentially distributed axial annular flow channel grooves: the gated inner flow channel groove 201 and the normally open outer flow channel groove 202. Since the piston bottom end cover 2 is a reverse magnetic material, the magnetic field has no obvious regulating effect on the magnetorheological fluid 21 flowing through the two groups of annular flow channel grooves, so the gated inner flow channel groove 201 and the normally open outer flow channel groove 202 both require a larger groove width to further reduce the basic damping force of the damper's two-way stroke. The lower end face of the piston bottom end cover 2 is provided with an extended boss 203, and the outer cylindrical surface of the extended boss 203 is provided with a wrench groove to facilitate the assembly of the thread. The external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 is installed in the annular positioning groove on the upper end face of the piston bottom end cover 2, and the first positioning pin 5 is installed in the lower end face of the external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the positioning pin hole on the upper end face of the annular positioning groove of the piston bottom end cover 2 to ensure that the external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the piston bottom end cover 2 will not rotate relative to each other, resulting in the external coil lead 45 being cut off. A wire hole 204 and a wire embedding groove 205 are provided at positions opposite to the positioning pin hole on the lower end surface of the piston bottom end cover 2. The wire hole 204 runs through the entire piston bottom end cover 2 and is used to lead out the external coil lead 45. The external coil skeleton 11 is arranged between the axial direction of the coaxially mounted external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the external upper magnetic conductive plate 38, and in a fixed groove close to the circumferential inner surface of the external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the external upper magnetic conductive plate 38. The external upper magnetic conductive plate 38 is positioned by a limiting boss on the inner surface of the piston outer cylinder 36, and a plurality of circumferentially distributed edge annular flow channel grooves 3601 are provided on the limiting boss on the inner surface of the piston outer cylinder 36, such as Figure 3As shown in (a); the outer surface of the external coil skeleton 11, the upper end surface of the external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the lower end surface of the external upper magnetic conductive plate 38 together constitute a first winding groove, and the external excitation coil 40 is wound in the first winding groove; the combination of the external coil skeleton 11, the external lower magnetic conductive plate 9 and the external upper magnetic conductive plate 38, the external excitation coil 40 and the external coil insulation layer 52 arranged on the circumferential outer surface of the external excitation coil 40 constitutes an external magnetic field generating component.

[0024] The bottom piston core 46 is installed to the inner surface of the bottom end cover 2 of the piston through the positioning boss at the bottom end, and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 is coaxially installed to the positioning boss at the upper end of the bottom piston core 46, and then the bottom piston core 46 and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 are installed to the lower end surface of the middle piston core 18 through the thread at the upper end of the bottom piston core 46; the inner plug O-ring 13 is installed in the sealing ring groove on the outer surface of the inner plug 14, and the inner plug 14 is set in the stepped groove at the bottom end of the middle piston core 18, and through The upper end surface of the bottom piston core 46 is locked; the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 and the bottom piston core 46 are radially provided with overlapping wire holes and lead holes for leading out the internal coil lead 42, and a second positioning pin 8 is provided in the corresponding pin hole between the middle piston core 18 and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 to ensure that the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 and the middle piston core 18 will not rotate relative to each other, thereby causing the internal coil lead 42 to be cut off; the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37 is coaxially installed to the top piston core 19, and then the top piston core 19 and the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37 are installed to the upper end surface of the middle piston core 18 through the thread at the lower end of the top piston core 19; the outer plug O-ring 3 is installed in the sealing ring groove on the outer surface of the outer plug 47, and the outer plug 47 is installed in the stepped groove at the bottom end of the bottom piston core 46; the internal coil skeleton 10 is arranged between the axial direction of the coaxially installed internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 and the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37, and close to the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 and the internal upper In the fixed groove of the circumferential inner surface of the magnetic conductive plate 37; the outer surface of the internal coil skeleton 10, the upper end surface of the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 and the lower end surface of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37 jointly form a second winding groove, and the internal excitation coil 41 is wound in the second winding groove; the combination of the internal coil skeleton 10, the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43, the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37, the internal excitation coil 41 and the internal coil insulation layer 53 arranged on the circumferential outer surface of the internal excitation coil 41 constitutes an internal magnetic field generating component.

[0025] Similarly, the stop ring 32 is set in the circular groove on the outer surface of the piston rod 31, and the stop ring pad 20 is set in the stepped groove inside the piston top end cover 34, contacting with the stop ring 32 to achieve axial limit of the piston rod 31. The piston rod O-ring 33 is set in the sealing ring groove on the lower end and circumferential outer surface of the piston rod 31 to achieve the seal between the top piston core 19 and the piston rod 31. The piston top end cover 34 is provided with two sets of circumferentially distributed annular flow channel grooves: radial inner flow channel groove 3401 and axial outer flow channel groove 3402, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 (b) Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown; both the radial inner flow channel groove 3401 and the axial outer flow channel groove 3402 require a larger groove width to further reduce the basic damping force of the damper's two-way stroke; the piston bottom end cover 2 and the piston top end cover 34 are fixed to the bottom and top of the piston outer cylinder 36 by threads and end cover retaining rings 35, respectively, thereby locking the internal parts.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the outer surface of the external magnetic field generating assembly and the inner surface of the piston outer cylinder 36 form a first damping flow channel 54; the inner surface of the external magnetic field generating assembly and the outer surface of the internal magnetic field generating assembly form a second damping flow channel 55. Figure 3 As shown in (e), in the internal magnetic field generating assembly, the internal lower magnetic conductive plate 43 is provided with inner lower flow channel grooves 4301 distributed circumferentially, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in (f), the internal upper magnetic plate 37 is provided with an internal upper flow channel groove 3701 which coincides with the axial projection position of the internal lower flow channel groove 4301. The internal lower flow channel groove 4301, the internal upper flow channel groove 3701, the outer surface of the middle piston core 18 and the inner surface of the internal coil skeleton 10 together form a third damping flow channel 56. Figure 3 As shown in (d), two groups of circumferentially distributed axial annular flow channel grooves are arranged on the bottom diverter valve disc 44: the bottom valve inner flow channel groove 4401 and the bottom valve outer flow channel groove 4402. Each bottom valve inner flow channel groove 4401, each bottom valve outer flow channel groove 4402 and each normally open outer flow channel groove 202 have no overlapping area, so as to ensure that the bottom diverter valve disc 44 can completely close the gate inner flow channel groove 201 in the stretching stroke section to achieve flow diversion; the bottom diverter valve disc inner guide band 4 and the bottom diverter valve disc outer guide band 6 are respectively arranged in the grooves on the circumferential inner surface and circumferential outer surface of the bottom diverter valve disc 44. The bottom diverter valve disc 44 is coaxially arranged between the guide outer surface (circumferential outer surface) of the bottom of the bottom piston core 46 and the guide inner surface (circumferential inner surface) of the bottom of the external lower magnetic conductive plate 9. One end of the bottom coil spring 7 is connected to the spring groove on the upper end surface of the bottom diverter valve plate 44, and the other end is connected to the spring groove on the lower end surface of the inner lower magnetic conductive plate 43. The top diverter valve plate 16 is coaxially arranged on the inner surface above the limiting boss of the piston outer cylinder 36. Figure 3As shown in (c), a group of circumferentially distributed axial annular flow channel grooves are provided on the top diverter valve plate 16: the top valve outer flow channel groove 1601, the axial projection position of the top valve outer flow channel groove 1601 coincides with the axial outer flow channel groove 3402, so as to ensure that the top valve outer flow channel groove 1601 will not block the axial outer flow channel groove 3402 during the compression stroke, thereby achieving diversion and pressure relief. Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, a radial flow redirection groove 3801 connecting the first damping flow channel 54 and the second damping flow channel 55 is provided at the top of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37 to realize the flow channel series connection of the stretching stroke; the top flow redirection valve plate outer guide belt 15 is arranged in the groove on the circumferential outer surface of the top flow redirection valve plate 16, and the inner surface of the top flow redirection valve plate 16 and the outer surface of the top piston core 19 jointly form the top inner flow channel groove 57, one end of the top coil spring 17 is connected to the spring groove on the lower end face of the top flow redirection valve plate 16, and the other end is connected to the spring groove on the upper end face of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate 37.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the external excitation coil 40 passes through the wire groove on the external lower magnetic plate 9 through two external coil leads 45, passes through the wire hole 204 of the piston bottom end cover 2 to the lower end surface of the piston bottom end cover 2, and then passes through the buried wire groove 205 on the lower end surface of the piston bottom end cover 2 to connect to the metal connecting fork foot at the lower end of the external plug 47, and finally connects to the metal connecting fork foot at the lower end of the internal plug 14 through the transition lead 12 at the upper end of the external plug 47. The internal excitation coil 41 passes through the axial wire groove on the internal lower magnetic plate 43 through two internal coil leads 42, passes through the radial wire hole on the internal lower magnetic plate 43, and then passes through the radial lead hole of the bottom piston core 46 to connect to the metal connecting fork foot at the lower end of the internal plug 14, and finally leads to the outside of the damper through the inner through hole of the middle piston core 18, the top piston core 19 and the piston rod 31 through the external lead 30. The external excitation coil 40, the external coil lead 45, the internal excitation coil 41 and the internal coil lead 42 are all covered with insulating material to prevent the external excitation coil 40, the external coil lead 45, the internal excitation coil 41 and the internal coil lead 42 from short-circuiting or being cut off due to relative movement, thereby ensuring that the external magnetic field generating component and the internal magnetic field generating component can normally generate an excitation magnetic field.

[0028] like Figure 4As shown, when the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly is stimulated by downward displacement, the damper of the present invention enters a compression stroke. At this time, the pressure difference will compress the bottom coil spring 7 to make the bottom diverter valve plate 44 contact with the bottom piston core 46, and the top coil spring 17 will stretch to make the top diverter valve plate 16 contact with the piston top end cover 34. At this time, the magnetorheological fluid 21 enters the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly from the selected inner flow channel groove 201 and the normally open outer flow channel groove 202, wherein the magnetorheological fluid 21 passing through the normally open outer flow channel groove 202 will further pass through the first damping flow channel 54; the magnetorheological fluid 21 passing through the selected inner flow channel groove 201 will be further divided and enter the bottom valve inner flow channel groove 440 respectively. 1 and the outer flow channel groove 4402 of the bottom valve, the magnetorheological fluid 21 entering the inner flow channel groove 4401 of the bottom valve and the outer flow channel groove 4402 of the bottom valve will pass through the third damping channel 56 and the second damping channel 55 respectively, a part of the magnetorheological fluid 21 passing through the second damping channel 55 will merge with the magnetorheological fluid 21 passing through the first damping channel 54 and enter the outer flow channel groove 1601 of the top valve, and finally flow out of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly through the axial outer flow channel groove 3402; and another part of the magnetorheological fluid 21 passing through the second damping channel 55 will merge with the magnetorheological fluid 21 passing through the third damping channel 56 and enter the top inner flow channel groove 57, and finally flow out of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly through the radial inner flow channel groove 3401. At this time, the first damping channel 54, the second damping channel 55 and the third damping channel 56 in the magnetic field excitation range are in a parallel pressure relief state, which will reduce the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid 21 in the first damping channel 54, the second damping channel 55 and the third damping channel 56 in the compression stroke, thereby reducing the basic damping force of the compression stroke; on this basis, current excitation is applied to the external excitation coil 40 and the internal excitation coil 41 at the same time, which can ensure that the magnetorheological fluid 21 in the first damping channel 54, the second damping channel 55 and the third damping channel 56 are all covered by the radial magnetic field, thereby increasing the magnetic field utilization rate and the adjustment range of the compression stroke of the asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive channel switching.

[0029] like Figure 5As shown, when the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly is stimulated by upward displacement, the damper of the present invention enters a stretching stroke, at which time the pressure difference will stretch the bottom coil spring 7 until the bottom diverter valve plate 44 contacts the bottom end cover 2 of the piston, thereby blocking the inner flow channel groove 201 of the selection, while the top coil spring 17 will be compressed until the top diverter valve plate 16 contacts the external upper magnetic conductive plate 38, thereby blocking the outer flow channel groove 1601 of the top valve; at this time, the magnetorheological fluid 21 enters the interior of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly from the radial inner flow channel groove 3401 and the axial outer flow channel groove 3402 and converges, and the converged magnetorheological fluid 21 passes through the top inner flow channel groove 57 into the third damping flow channel 56, then turns and enters the second damping flow channel 55, and then passes through the radial diverter groove 3801 to redirect to the first damping flow channel 54, and finally flows out of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly through the normally open outer flow channel groove 202. At this time, the first damping channel 54, the second damping channel 55 and the third damping channel 56 in the magnetic field excitation range are in a state of increasing the effective length of the channel in series, so the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid 21 in the first damping channel 54, the second damping channel 55 and the third damping channel 56 in the stretching stroke will increase, thereby improving the basic damping force of the stretching stroke; on this basis, current excitation is applied to the external excitation coil 40 and the internal excitation coil 41 at the same time, which can ensure that the magnetorheological fluid 21 in the first damping channel 54, the second damping channel 55 and the third damping channel 56 are all covered by the radial magnetic field, and the effect of the magnetic field on the magnetorheological fluid 21 in the series state can be further superimposed, so the adjustment range of the stretching stroke of the asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive channel switching will be further increased.

[0030] In combination with the above-mentioned working state, the asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching of the present invention can adaptively adjust the working state of the internal flow channel according to the movement direction of the damper, thereby realizing an asymmetric damping characteristic with a large difference in basic damping force. At the same time, the dual excitation coils set can also synchronously expand the damping force adjustment range during bidirectional movement.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching, characterized in that: include: An asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly, a damper cylinder assembly, a floating piston assembly and a guide assembly; the outer cylinder guide belt (39) of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly forms a coaxial matching relationship with the inner wall of the damper cylinder assembly in the form of surface contact, thereby arranging the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly in the chamber inside the damper cylinder assembly and dividing the chamber inside the damper cylinder assembly into an upper chamber and an lower chamber; the piston rod of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly coaxially passes through the guide assembly at the top of the damper through the upper chamber to realize radial multi-degree-of-freedom constraint of the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly, and the floating piston assembly is coaxially arranged in the lower chamber below the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly to divide the lower chamber into two chambers; the asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly includes three annular damping flow channels, and flow-changing valve plates with different configurations are respectively arranged at the head and tail ends of the annular damping flow channels, so that the asymmetric characteristic magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching can realize the combination mode of adaptively changing the flow channels according to the direction of movement.

2. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The asymmetric flow channel switching piston assembly comprises a piston bottom end cover (2), an external lower magnetic conductive plate (9), an internal coil frame (10), an external coil frame (11), an internal plug (14), a top flow-changing valve plate (16), a middle piston core (18), a top piston core (19), a piston rod (31), a piston top end cover (34), a piston outer cylinder (36), an internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37), an external upper magnetic conductive plate (38), an external excitation coil (40), an internal excitation coil (41), an internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43), and a piston rod (31). ), bottom flow-redirecting valve plate (44), bottom piston core (46), outer plug (47), outer coil insulation layer (52), inner coil insulation layer (53); the outermost side of the piston bottom end cover (2) is provided with a piston outer cylinder (36), and the remaining parts are arranged inside the piston outer cylinder (36) and are divided into two layers of parts, an inner ring and an outer ring; the inner ring parts are coaxially arranged at the center of the piston bottom end cover (2), and from bottom to top are the bottom piston core (46), the inner lower magnetic plate (43), the middle piston core (18), the inner upper A magnetic conductive plate (37), a top piston core (19), and a piston rod (31); the outer plug (47) is arranged at the bottom end of the bottom piston core (46), and the inner plug (14) is arranged at the bottom end of the middle piston core (18); the internal coil skeleton (10), the internal excitation coil (41) and the internal coil insulation layer (53) are arranged between the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37) and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43); the bottom diverter valve plate (44) is arranged between the piston bottom end cover (2) and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43); the outer ring parts are coaxial The components are arranged at the edge of the piston bottom end cover (2), and are, from bottom to top, an external lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and an external upper magnetic conductive plate (38), and the external coil skeleton (11), the external excitation coil (40) and the external coil insulation layer (52) are arranged between the external lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the external upper magnetic conductive plate (38); the top flow-redirecting valve plate (16) is arranged between the external upper magnetic conductive plate (38) and the piston top end cover (34); the piston top end cover (34) is arranged at the top of the piston outer cylinder (36) to lock all internal parts.

3. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The piston bottom end cover (2) is provided with two groups of circumferentially distributed axial annular flow channel grooves: a selected inner flow channel groove (201) and a normally open outer flow channel groove (202); the outer lower magnetic conductive plate (9) is installed in the annular positioning groove on the upper end surface of the piston bottom end cover (2); the outer coil skeleton (11) is arranged between the axial direction of the coaxially installed outer lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the outer upper magnetic conductive plate (38), and in a fixed groove close to the circumferential inner surface of the outer lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the outer upper magnetic conductive plate (38); the outer upper magnetic conductive plate (38) is positioned by a limiting boss on the inner surface of the piston outer cylinder (36), and the piston outer cylinder A plurality of circumferentially distributed edge annular flow channel grooves (3601) are arranged on the limiting boss on the inner surface of the cylinder (36); the outer surface of the external coil skeleton (11), the upper end surface of the external lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the lower end surface of the external upper magnetic conductive plate (38) together constitute a first winding groove, and the external excitation coil (40) is wound in the first winding groove; the combination of the external coil skeleton (11), the external lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the external upper magnetic conductive plate (38), the external excitation coil (40) and the external coil insulation layer (52) arranged on the circumferential outer surface of the external excitation coil (40) constitutes an external magnetic field generating component.

4. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A first positioning pin (5) is installed in the positioning pin hole on the lower end surface of the external lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the upper end surface of the annular positioning groove of the piston bottom end cover (2), so as to ensure that relative rotation does not occur between the external lower magnetic conductive plate (9) and the piston bottom end cover (2); a wire passing hole (204) and a wire embedding groove (205) are provided at positions opposite to the positioning pin hole on the lower end surface of the piston bottom end cover (2), and the wire passing hole (204) runs through the entire piston bottom end cover (2) and is used for leading out the external coil lead wire (45).

5. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bottom piston core (46) is installed to the inner circumferential surface of the bottom end cover (2) of the piston through the positioning boss at the bottom end, the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43) is coaxially installed to the positioning boss at the upper end of the bottom piston core (46), and then the bottom piston core (46) and the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43) are installed to the lower end surface of the middle piston core (18) through the threads at the upper end of the bottom piston core (46); the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37) is coaxially installed to the positioning boss at the lower end of the top piston core (19), and then the top piston core (19) and the internal upper magnetic conductive plate are installed through the threads at the lower end of the top piston core (19). (37) is installed to the upper end surface of the middle piston core (18); the internal coil skeleton (10) is arranged between the axial directions of the coaxially installed internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43) and the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37), and in a fixed groove close to the circumferential inner surface of the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43) and the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37); the combination of the internal coil skeleton (10), the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43), the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37), the internal excitation coil (41) and the internal coil insulation layer (53) arranged on the circumferential outer surface of the internal excitation coil (41) constitutes an internal magnetic field generating component.

6. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner plug O-ring (13) is installed in the sealing ring groove on the outer surface of the inner plug (14), and the inner plug (14) is arranged in the stepped groove at the bottom end of the middle piston core (18) and is locked by the upper end surface of the bottom piston core (46); the inner lower magnetic conductive plate (43) and the bottom piston core (46) are radially provided with overlapping wire holes and lead holes for leading out the internal coil lead wire (42), and a second positioning hole is arranged in the corresponding pin hole between the middle piston core (18) and the inner lower magnetic conductive plate (43). The outer plug O-ring (3) is installed in the sealing ring groove on the outer surface of the outer plug (47), and the outer plug (47) is installed in the stepped groove at the bottom end of the bottom piston core (46); the outer surface of the internal coil skeleton (10), the upper end surface of the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43) and the lower end surface of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37) jointly form a second winding groove, and the internal excitation coil (41) is wound in the second winding groove.

7. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 2, characterized in that: A stop ring (32) is arranged in the circular groove on the outer surface of the piston rod (31), and a stop ring gasket (20) is arranged in the stepped groove inside the piston top end cover (34). The stop ring gasket (20) contacts the stop ring (32) to achieve axial positioning of the piston rod (31). A piston rod O-ring (33) is arranged in the sealing ring groove on the circumferential outer surface of the lower end of the piston rod (31) to achieve sealing between the top piston core (19) and the piston rod (31). Two groups of circumferentially distributed annular flow channel grooves are arranged on the piston top end cover (34): radial inner flow channel grooves (3401) and axial outer flow channel grooves (3402). The piston bottom end cover (2) and the piston top end cover (34) are respectively fixed to the bottom and top of the piston outer cylinder (36) through threads and end cover retaining rings (35) to lock internal parts.

8. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer surface of the external magnetic field generating component and the inner surface of the piston outer cylinder (36) form a first damping flow channel (54); the inner surface of the external magnetic field generating component and the outer surface of the internal magnetic field generating component form a second damping flow channel (55); in the internal magnetic field generating component, the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43) is provided with a circumferentially distributed inner lower flow channel groove (4301), and the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37) is provided with an inner upper flow channel groove (3701) whose axial projection position coincides with the inner lower flow channel groove (4301), and the inner lower flow channel groove (4301), the inner upper flow channel groove (3701) and the outer surface of the middle piston core (18) and the inner surface of the internal coil skeleton (10) together form a third damping flow channel (56).

9. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom flow-diverting valve plate (44) is provided with two groups of circumferentially distributed axial annular flow channel grooves: a bottom valve inner flow channel groove (4401) and a bottom valve outer flow channel groove (4402). Each bottom valve inner flow channel groove (4401), each bottom valve outer flow channel groove (4402) and each normally open outer flow channel groove (202) have no overlapping area, so as to ensure that the bottom flow-diverting valve plate (44) can completely close the selected inner flow channel groove (201) in the stretching stroke section to achieve flow diversion; the inner guide belt (4) of the bottom flow-diverting valve plate and the outer guide belt (4) of the bottom flow-diverting valve plate are connected to each other. (6) are respectively arranged in the grooves on the circumferential inner surface and the circumferential outer surface of the bottom diverter valve plate (44); the bottom diverter valve plate (44) is coaxially arranged between the guide outer surface of the bottom of the bottom piston core (46) and the guide inner surface of the bottom of the external lower magnetic conductive plate (9); one end of the bottom coil spring (7) is connected to the spring groove on the upper end surface of the bottom diverter valve plate (44), and the other end is connected to the spring groove on the lower end surface of the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43); the top diverter valve plate (16) is coaxially arranged on the outer end surface of the piston outer cylinder (36) The inner surface above the limiting boss; a group of circumferentially distributed axial annular flow channel grooves are arranged on the top flow-diverting valve plate (16): a top valve outer flow channel groove (1601), the axial projection position of the top valve outer flow channel groove (1601) coincides with the axial outer flow channel groove (3402), so as to ensure that the top valve outer flow channel groove (1601) will not block the axial outer flow channel groove (3402) during the compression stroke, thereby achieving diversion and pressure relief; a connection between the first damping flow channel (54) and the second damping flow channel is arranged at the top of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37); The top flow-redirecting valve plate (16) is provided with a radial flow-redirecting groove (3801) on the flow path (55) to realize the flow path series connection of the stretching stroke; the top flow-redirecting valve plate outer guide belt (15) is arranged in the groove on the circumferential outer surface of the top flow-redirecting valve plate (16); the inner surface of the top flow-redirecting valve plate (16) and the outer surface of the top piston core (19) jointly form a top inner flow path groove (57); one end of the top coil spring (17) is connected to the spring groove on the lower end surface of the top flow-redirecting valve plate (16), and the other end is connected to the spring groove on the upper end surface of the internal upper magnetic conductive plate (37).

10. The asymmetric magnetorheological damper with adaptive flow channel switching according to claim 2, characterized in that: The external excitation coil (40) passes through the wire groove on the external lower magnetic plate (9) through two external coil leads (45), passes through the wire hole (204) of the piston bottom end cover (2) to the lower end surface of the piston bottom end cover (2), and then passes through the buried wire groove (205) on the lower end surface of the piston bottom end cover (2) to connect to the metal connecting fork foot at the lower end of the external plug (47), and finally connects to the metal connecting fork foot at the lower end of the internal plug (14) through the transition lead (12) at the upper end of the external plug (47); the internal excitation coil (41) passes through the two internal coil leads (4 2) passing through the axial wire groove on the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43), passing through the radial wire hole on the internal lower magnetic conductive plate (43), and then passing through the radial lead hole of the bottom piston core (46) to connect to the metal connecting fork foot at the lower end of the internal plug (14), and finally leading out to the outside of the damper through the external lead wire (30) through the middle piston core (18), the top piston core (19) and the inner through hole of the piston rod (31); the external excitation coil (40), the external coil lead wire (45), the internal excitation coil (41) and the internal coil lead wire (42) are all covered with insulating material.

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