Self-adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of energy storage, in particular to a self-adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: rapid initial cooling: rapidly establishing a temperature gradient to enable a freezing front to reach a target depth; stable growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth to be slightly lower than the freezing point, and stably growing the ice lens to form a sealing layer with expected thickness and stability; and final-stage cooling: increasing the cooling rate, freezing the residual soil layer, and maintaining the stability of the ice lens at the same time. The invention provides a three-stage cooling frame comprising rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, it is ensured that the position of the freezing front and the thickness of the ice lens reach expected targets, and meanwhile the structural stability of the ice lens is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage, and in particular to a method and device for adaptively dynamically controlling ice layer generation. Background Art

[0002] Underground storage of cryogenic liquids (such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen) has important applications in the energy and industrial fields. Traditional tank sealing methods mainly use high-strength materials (such as 9Ni steel) to manufacture inner and outer tanks to ensure low-temperature resistance. However, these methods have problems such as high cost and complex construction, and material aging may occur during long-term use, resulting in reduced sealing performance and increased leakage risk. Therefore, the development of an efficient, low-cost and reliable sealing method is crucial for underground cryogenic liquid storage.

[0003] At present, using ice as a sealing layer for underground cryogenic liquid storage tanks has become an emerging technical direction. The following are several related existing technical solutions:

[0004] 1. Low temperature liquid underground ice cave energy storage device and method (CN114738657A):

[0005] Core idea: By injecting water into the outer wall of the storage hole, the low-temperature characteristics of the cryogenic liquid are used to freeze the injected water to form an ice layer, thereby constructing a permafrost layer with high sealing properties.

[0006] Advantages: Reduce the use of high-cost insulation materials and utilize the dual insulation effects of deep geological layers and ice layers to achieve lower-cost and more efficient cryogenic liquid storage.

[0007] Limitations: Lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic control means makes it difficult to accurately control the location and thickness of ice formation, which may lead to uneven sealing effect.

[0008] 2. Device and method for cryogenic liquid storage sealing (CN118729142A):

[0009] Core idea: bury a liquid storage tank in the underground soil, use the refrigeration system and pressure regulation system to control the migration and freezing of water in the soil, and form a stable and consistent ice layer as a sealing layer for the storage tank.

[0010] Advantages: By synergistically adjusting the wall temperature and inner cavity pressure of the liquid storage body, the water is guided to migrate to the expected area and freeze, thus achieving reliable and low-cost underground storage of cryogenic liquids.

[0011] Limitations: It requires high coordination between the refrigeration system and the pressure regulation system, and there may be adaptability issues in complex underground environments.

[0012] 3. Method for manufacturing a cryogenic liquid storage system (CN118912364A):

[0013] Core idea: Use frozen soil to directly contact low-temperature liquid for storage, use the low-temperature resistance and mechanical strength of frozen soil to provide support, and seal with ice to prevent groundwater from infiltrating.

[0014] Advantages: Reduce the cost of cryogenic storage systems. The ice layer also acts as a heat insulator to prevent heat leakage from cryogenic liquids.

[0015] Limitations: Lack of adaptive dynamic control mechanism, difficulty in coping with changes in underground environment, and may affect the stability of the sealing layer.

[0016] The existing patent CN114738657A proposes a method for underground storage of low-temperature liquid containing frozen soil layers by injecting water and freezing. However, this solution lacks real-time monitoring and dynamic control means and cannot effectively adjust the growth rate and thickness of the ice layer. This method easily causes uneven thickness of the ice layer, resulting in poor local sealing effect. In addition, this method is not adaptable enough to complex underground environments and cannot flexibly respond to the diversity of geological conditions.

[0017] Patent CN118729142A proposes a technology to control the migration and freezing of water in underground soil using a refrigeration and pressure regulation system, but it has high requirements for the coordination of the refrigeration system and the pressure regulation system, is complex to operate, and does not provide an accurate feedback mechanism to dynamically adjust the freezing process. This method has high requirements for technical conditions in actual application and is difficult to meet large-scale storage needs.

[0018] Patent CN118912364A uses the frozen soil layer to directly contact the cryogenic liquid for sealing. The ice layer not only serves as a heat insulation layer, but also plays a mechanical support role. However, this solution also lacks an adaptive dynamic control mechanism and cannot adjust the freezing process in real time. When the underground environmental conditions change, the stability of the sealing layer may be affected. Summary of the invention

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method and device for adaptively and dynamically controlling ice layer formation, so as to at least construct a stable sealing structure.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for adaptively dynamically controlling ice formation is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S101: Rapid initial cooling: Rapidly establish a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth;

[0022] S102: Stable growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth slightly below the freezing point, steadily growing the ice lens, and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability;

[0023] S103: Final stage cooling: Increase the cooling rate to freeze the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S101, the theoretical cooling rate and the corresponding refrigeration equipment power are calculated in combination with the target front edge depth and the predetermined realization time.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes: real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism to achieve precise adjustment of the cooling rate, ensuring the stable formation of the ice lens and the overall integrity of the frozen area.

[0026] Furthermore, the real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism enables precise adjustment of the cooling rate including: high-precision monitoring of the temperature distribution at different depths within the freezing area.

[0027] Furthermore, real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanisms are used to achieve precise adjustment of the cooling rate, including: detecting changes in soil capacitance, measuring the liquid water content in the soil, and monitoring the moisture dynamics of the frozen layer.

[0028] Furthermore, the real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism enables precise adjustment of the cooling rate, including:

[0029] Real-time measurement of the resistivity change of the frozen layer, using the significant difference in resistivity between soil liquid water and ice to infer the thickness and distribution of the ice layer, or

[0030] Detect changes in dielectric properties within the frozen layer, and combine the differences in dielectric constants between liquid water and ice to accurately determine the growth dynamics of the ice layer, or

[0031] Using the difference in thermal conductivity between the frozen layer and the unfrozen layer, the temperature change is measured by the heat pulse method to calculate the position and thickness of the frozen layer, or

[0032] Monitor changes in pore water pressure during the freezing process, capture the flow characteristics of water, and optimize the position of the freezing front and moisture distribution.

[0033] According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device, comprising:

[0034] Initial cooling unit for rapid initial cooling: quickly establishes a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth;

[0035] The stabilization cooling unit is used for stabilization growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth slightly below the freezing point, steadily growing the ice lens, and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability;

[0036] Final cooling unit for final stage cooling: increasing the cooling rate, freezing the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

[0037] Furthermore, the device also includes:

[0038] The monitoring system is used for real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism to achieve precise adjustment of the cooling rate, ensuring the stable formation of ice lenses and the overall integrity of the frozen area.

[0039] Furthermore, the data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the central control unit through the data transmission module. The central control unit analyzes the sensor data in real time, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the cooling equipment based on the temperature gradient of the frozen layer and the thickness growth law of the ice lens.

[0040] Furthermore, thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are used to monitor the temperature distribution at different depths within the freezing zone with high accuracy;

[0041] Equipped with capacitive humidity sensors to measure the liquid water content in the soil and monitor the moisture dynamics of the frozen layer;

[0042] Equipped with a four-electrode resistance sensor to measure the resistivity change of the frozen layer in real time, and use the significant difference in resistivity between soil liquid water and ice to infer the thickness and distribution of the ice layer;

[0043] Equipped with a dielectric constant sensor to detect changes in the dielectric properties of the frozen layer, and accurately determine the growth dynamics of the ice layer based on the difference in dielectric constants between liquid water and ice;

[0044] Equipped with a heat conduction characteristic sensor, using the difference in thermal conductivity between the frozen layer and the unfrozen layer, the temperature change is measured by the heat pulse method to calculate the position and thickness of the frozen layer;

[0045] Equipped with pore pressure sensors to monitor changes in pore water pressure during the freezing process, capture the flow characteristics of water, and optimize the position of the freezing front and water distribution.

[0046] A storage medium stores a program file capable of implementing any one of the above-mentioned methods for adaptively dynamically controlling ice layer formation.

[0047] A processor is used to run a program, wherein when the program is run, any one of the above-mentioned adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation methods is executed.

[0048] The adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method and device in the embodiment of the present invention proposes a three-stage cooling framework including rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, the position of the freezing front and the thickness of the ice lens are ensured to reach the expected target, while maintaining the structural stability of the ice lens. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for adaptively and dynamically controlling ice layer formation of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of cooling in the method for adaptively and dynamically controlling ice layer formation of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional experimental device in the method for adaptively dynamically controlling ice layer formation of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of one-dimensional experimental results in the method for adaptively dynamically controlling ice layer formation of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a module diagram of the device for adaptively and dynamically controlling ice layer formation of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the system in the adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for adaptively dynamically controlling ice formation is provided. Figure 1 , including the following steps:

[0060] S101: Rapid initial cooling: Rapidly establish a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth;

[0061] S102: Stable growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth slightly below the freezing point, steadily growing the ice lens, and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability;

[0062] S103: Final stage cooling: Increase the cooling rate to freeze the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

[0063] The adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method in the embodiment of the present invention proposes a three-stage cooling framework including rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, the position of the freezing front and the thickness of the ice lens are ensured to reach the expected target while maintaining the structural stability of the ice lens.

[0064] The following is a detailed description of the adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method of the present invention with specific embodiments:

[0065] The present invention aims to solve the following problems existing in the existing underground cryogenic liquid storage tank sealing technology:

[0066] 1. Aging and failure of sealing materials: Traditional physical or chemical sealing methods are susceptible to changes in time and conditions in underground environments, resulting in reduced sealing performance and the risk of leakage.

[0067] 2. Uncontrollability of ice lens formation: When using ice lenses as sealing layers, it is difficult to accurately control their formation position and thickness, which may lead to unsatisfactory sealing effects or structural problems.

[0068] 3. Lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanism: The existing technology lacks real-time monitoring and dynamic control of the ice lens formation process, and cannot adjust the cooling parameters in time to adapt to changes in the underground environment, affecting the stability and reliability of the sealing layer.

[0069] The present invention introduces an adaptive cooling and real-time monitoring system to accurately control the position and thickness of the ice lens, thereby providing a reliable and controllable underground cryogenic liquid storage tank sealing method and overcoming the above technical difficulties.

[0070] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to:

[0071] 1. Real-time monitoring and dynamic control: The present invention introduces an adaptive dynamic control system, which uses sensors to monitor the formation position, thickness and environmental parameters of the ice layer in real time, and uses a feedback control mechanism to accurately adjust the cooling rate and conditions to ensure the uniformity and sealing performance of the ice layer.

[0072] 2. Enhanced environmental adaptability: By combining real-time analysis of environmental parameters (such as soil composition, temperature gradient, and moisture content), a flexible freezing control solution is provided to ensure the stability and reliability of the sealing layer under different geological conditions.

[0073] 3. Simplify system operation: Compared with the existing technology that relies on complex refrigeration or pressure regulation systems, the present invention reduces the difficulty of technical coordination and improves the ease of operation by optimizing the cooling framework and feedback regulation mechanism, making it suitable for large-scale applications.

[0074] 4. Economic and sustainability: Utilize environmental resources (such as groundwater) and optimized cryogenic technology to reduce dependence on high-cost insulation materials, thereby reducing construction and operating costs, while reducing energy consumption and improving environmental friendliness.

[0075] By achieving the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention overcomes the limitations of CN114738657A, CN118729142A and CN118912364A, and provides a more economical, reliable and efficient technical solution for underground cryogenic liquid sealed storage.

[0076] The present invention proposes an adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method for underground cryogenic liquid sealed storage, which constructs a stable sealing structure by precisely controlling the ice layer generation position and thickness.

[0077] The core content includes:

[0078] 1. Three-stage cooling framework: initial rapid cooling to position, stable growth cooling to generate uniform ice layer, and final cooling to ensure integrity.

[0079] 2. Real-time monitoring and feedback control: Using the sensor network to monitor temperature, pressure and moisture, the central control unit dynamically adjusts the cooling parameters to optimize the freezing process.

[0080] 3. Environmental adaptability: Adaptively adjust the freezing scheme to adapt to different soil and thermal conditions.

[0081] 4. System composition: including cooling unit, sensor network and control unit, providing precise cooling and data support.

[0082] The present invention is suitable for underground storage of cryogenic liquids such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, improves sealing reliability, adaptability and economy, and overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0083] See also Figure 2 , the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail as follows:

[0084] Cooling process framework

[0085] The generation and control of ice lenses is divided into three stages: rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, precise positioning and thickness control of the ice lens can be achieved.

[0086] Phase 1: Rapid initial cooling

[0087] Purpose: To quickly establish a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth.

[0088] The soil temperature distribution is controlled by heat conduction, while latent heat release and cooling rate affect the freezing process. The basic heat conduction equation is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] Where T(z,t) is the temperature of the soil at depth z at time t (unit: K), Indicates the diffusion rate of soil (unit: m 2 / s), where κ is the thermal conductivity of soil (unit: W / (m·K)), ρ is the soil density (unit: kg / m 3 ), c is the specific heat capacity of soil (unit: J / (kg·K)), L is the latent heat of phase change of ice (unit: J / kg), S s is the ice saturation, ranging from 0 to 1.

[0091] For boundary conditions, consider that the cooling device acts on the soil surface, and its temperature changes with time at a rate α c The surface temperature is:

[0092] T s (t) = T 0 -α c t,

[0093] Among them, T s (t) is the surface temperature applied by the cooling device, T 0 is the initial soil temperature, i.e. the temperature of the soil surface at the beginning of cooling, α c is the cooling rate constant (unit: K / s).

[0094] The freezing front z f (t) is the soil temperature dropping to the freezing point T m The calculation of the depth needs to consider the influence of heat conduction and latent heat release at the same time. Combining the above formula, we can get:

[0095]

[0096] The theoretical cooling rate and the corresponding refrigeration equipment power can be calculated by combining the target front edge depth and the predetermined realization time.

[0097] Phase 2: Steady Growth Cooldown

[0098] Purpose: To slow down the cooling rate and maintain the temperature slightly below freezing near the target depth, thereby steadily growing the ice lens and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability.

[0099] The growth rate of the ice lens V l It is determined by the balance between the thermodynamic driving force in the soil and the resistance to liquid water flow and is calculated as follows:

[0100]

[0101] where ρG represents the thermomolecular force caused by the temperature gradient, z l is the depth of the lower boundary of the ice lens, P O represents the overburden pressure, describing the pressure on the soil surface, μ is the viscosity of liquid water, which increases as the temperature decreases, k is the permeability, reflecting the flow ability of liquid water in frozen soil, and z h Liquid water pressure equilibrium point. Correspondingly, to ensure the stable growth of ice lenses, the cooling rate must be less than the critical cooling rate V critical When no additional cladding pressure is applied, combined with the above formula, the critical cooling rate is calculated as:

[0102]

[0103] Phase 3: Final Phase Cooldown

[0104] Purpose: To increase the cooling rate and freeze the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

[0105] When the thickness h(t) of the ice lens reaches the predetermined target value h target After that, the cooling strategy enters the final stage. The core of this stage is to further freeze the remaining unfrozen soil layer by increasing the cooling rate while maintaining the stability of the ice lens structure that has been formed. c is appropriately raised to advance the freezing front position z f (t), and ensure the overall integrity of the frozen area.

[0106] The present invention provides an ice lens generation system based on a three-stage cooling framework and an optimization control method thereof, which realizes precise adjustment of the cooling rate through real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism, ensuring the stable formation of ice lenses and the overall integrity of the frozen area. In order to achieve precise control, the present invention adopts a set of efficient real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanisms. The monitoring system is composed of a variety of sensors, which are arranged at different depths in the frozen area and are used to collect key data in real time, including:

[0107] 1. Temperature monitoring: Use thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) to monitor the temperature distribution at different depths in the frozen area with high precision. Thermocouples have the characteristics of fast response speed and low cost, and are suitable for deployment in shallow and deep soil layers; RTDs provide higher measurement accuracy and stability, and are suitable for long-term temperature monitoring.

[0108] 2. Humidity monitoring: Equipped with a capacitive humidity sensor to measure the liquid water content in the soil and monitor the moisture dynamics of the frozen layer. The capacitive humidity sensor reflects the moisture status by detecting the capacitance change of the soil, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low power consumption.

[0109] 3. Ice layer monitoring: The following solutions can be used

[0110] 3.1 Four-electrode resistance sensor: By measuring the resistivity change of the frozen layer in real time, the thickness and distribution of the ice layer can be inferred by using the significant difference in resistivity between soil liquid water and ice. The sensor has a simple structure and low cost, and can be used for large-scale deployment and real-time monitoring.

[0111] 3.2 Dielectric constant sensor: detects changes in dielectric properties within the frozen layer, combines the difference in dielectric constants between liquid water and ice, and accurately determines the growth dynamics of the ice layer, which is suitable for high-precision monitoring needs.

[0112] 3.3 Thermal conductivity sensor: Using the difference in thermal conductivity between the frozen layer and the unfrozen layer, the temperature change is measured by the heat pulse method to calculate the position and thickness of the frozen layer. This solution can be combined with the existing temperature sensor network and has good scalability.

[0113] 4. Pore pressure monitoring: Pore pressure sensors are configured to monitor changes in pore water pressure during the freezing process. The pressure sensor can capture the flow characteristics of water and help optimize the position of the freezing front and water distribution.

[0114] The data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the central control unit through the data transmission module. The central control unit analyzes the sensor data in real time, combines the temperature gradient of the frozen layer and the thickness growth law of the ice lens, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the cooling equipment. The monitoring and control system of the present invention is economical and scalable, and is suitable for large-scale applications. Low-cost sensors in the sensor network can replace expensive fiber optic sensors and ground penetrating radars (GPR), effectively reducing the overall cost while meeting the real-time monitoring needs. The core components of the system include a cooling unit, a sensor network, and a central control unit. The cooling unit uses a liquid nitrogen cooling system or a thermoelectric cooler, and is combined with an underground auxiliary heat exchanger to improve the cooling efficiency. The sensor network collects data such as temperature, humidity, ice thickness, and pore water pressure in the frozen area in real time through various types of sensors. The functions of the central control unit include data acquisition, real-time analysis, and dynamic feedback, and the stability of the frozen layer is ensured by optimizing the cooling rate.

[0115] The key points and intended protection points of the present invention are:

[0116] The key point of the present invention is to achieve precise control of the formation process of the underground cryogenic liquid storage sealing layer - ice lens through adaptive dynamic control technology. It is specifically reflected in the following points:

[0117] 1. Three-stage cooling framework: A three-stage cooling framework including rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling is proposed. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, the position of the freezing front and the thickness of the ice lens can be ensured to reach the expected target while maintaining the structural stability of the ice lens.

[0118] 2. Real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback control: A monitoring system based on multiple sensors has been built, including temperature sensors (thermocouples, RTDs), humidity sensors, resistivity sensors (four-electrode resistance method), dielectric constant sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, and pore pressure sensors. The monitoring system collects key data such as temperature distribution, humidity changes, ice thickness, and pore water pressure in the frozen area in real time, and achieves precise adjustment of the cooling rate through the dynamic feedback control mechanism of the central control unit.

[0119] 3. Economical and efficient ice monitoring solutions: Use economical solutions such as four-electrode resistance sensors and thermal conductivity sensors to replace expensive fiber optic sensors and ground penetrating radar (GPR) to meet large-scale, real-time monitoring needs while reducing system costs and improving economic feasibility.

[0120] 4. Environmental adaptability design: The system can dynamically adjust the cooling rate and scheme according to different soil conditions (such as sand, clay) and environmental characteristics (such as temperature gradient, moisture content) to adapt to diverse underground environments and ensure the stability and reliability of the frozen layer.

[0121] 5. System integration and modular design: The core of the system consists of a cooling unit (liquid nitrogen cooling system or thermoelectric cooler), a sensor network and a central control unit. The modular design makes it highly scalable and applicable. The central control unit combines real-time data analysis and optimization algorithms to ensure the integrity and long-term stability of the frozen area.

[0122] The content to be protected by the present invention:

[0123] 1. Ice lens generation method and its control strategy based on the three-stage cooling framework.

[0124] 2. Multi-sensor networks involving real-time monitoring, including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, four-electrode resistance sensors, dielectric constant sensors and thermal conductivity sensors.

[0125] 3. Adaptive dynamic control algorithm, which optimizes the cooling rate through real-time data feedback and maintains the stability of the freezing front position and ice lens thickness.

[0126] 4. The composition and deployment of an economical ice monitoring system, especially the combination of resistivity monitoring and thermal conductivity detection.

[0127] 5. Environmentally adaptable dynamic cooling strategies, including optimized designs to suit different soil and thermal conditions.

[0128] Through the above technical scheme, the present invention effectively solves the problems existing in the prior art such as uncontrollable ice layer formation location and thickness, lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanism, and insufficient economy, and provides an efficient, reliable and economical solution for underground cryogenic liquid storage.

[0129] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages in the following aspects:

[0130] 1. Diversity and economy of monitoring system

[0131] Compared with the high cost of using fiber optic sensors or ground penetrating radar (GPR) for ice layer monitoring in the prior art, the present invention can significantly reduce system costs by using economical sensing devices such as four-electrode resistance method sensors, dielectric constant sensors, and thermal conductivity sensors. At the same time, these sensors can capture the changes in the electrical and thermal properties of the frozen layer in real time, thereby achieving accurate monitoring of the freezing front position and ice lens thickness. This diverse and cost-effective sensing solution has not been fully implemented in the prior art.

[0132] 2. Accuracy of dynamic feedback control

[0133] Based on real-time monitoring data, the present invention realizes precise adjustment of the cooling rate through the dynamic feedback control mechanism of the central control unit. By optimizing the surface cooling rate, the advancement of the freezing front and the growth of the ice lens thickness can meet the design goals, and the entire cooling process always maintains stability. Compared with the cooling process in the prior art that relies on fixed parameters or manual adjustment, the present invention significantly improves the flexibility and reliability of control.

[0134] 3. Environmental adaptability of the system

[0135] The present invention can automatically adjust the cooling strategy for different soil types (such as sandy soil, clay) and environmental conditions (such as high moisture content or low temperature areas), and its adaptability is significantly enhanced. For example, in soils with high moisture content, the problem of water loss caused by too fast freezing can be avoided by adjusting the cooling rate and optimizing the temperature gradient of the frozen area; while in soils with low moisture content, the stable growth of the frozen layer can be achieved by optimizing the water supply of the ice lens in combination with the feedback of the humidity sensor. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can adapt to complex environments more widely.

[0136] 4. Innovation of the three-stage cooling framework

[0137] The three-stage cooling framework proposed in the present invention (rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling, and final stage cooling) can flexibly adapt to the freezing requirements at different stages. In the prior art, the cooling process is usually a single mode and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the progress of freezing. Through this framework, the present invention can quickly advance the freezing front at the early stage of frozen layer formation, then maintain the thickness of the ice lens through stable cooling, and finally freeze the remaining soil layer to ensure the overall integrity and long-term stability of the region.

[0138] 5. System integration and scalability

[0139] The present invention adopts modular design, efficiently integrates cooling units, sensor networks and central control units, and provides flexible expansion interfaces. For example, the sensor type and the configuration of cooling equipment can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to application scenarios of different scales and complexities. However, the existing technologies often have problems of rigid design or insufficient integration, which makes it difficult to meet diverse application needs.

[0140] 6. Real-time data analysis and high degree of automation

[0141] The present invention uses a central control unit to analyze sensor network data in real time and uses an adaptive control algorithm to dynamically optimize cooling parameters. Compared with the limitations of existing technologies that rely on manual monitoring and parameter adjustment, the present invention significantly improves the automation level of the cooling process and can more efficiently meet the technical requirements of underground cryogenic liquid storage.

[0142] In summary, compared with the existing technology, the present invention has significant advantages in economy, accuracy, adaptability, degree of automation and system integration, and provides a better technical solution for achieving efficient control of the ice lens formation process.

[0143] See also Figure 3-4 The present invention has been proven to be feasible through experiments, simulations and use. Through a one-dimensional cooling experiment, the present invention successfully forms an ice layer with a certain thickness at a specified location. Specifically, through the technical solution of the present invention, a dense ice layer of about 15 mm thick is formed in the soil. Figure 3 As shown in , the experimental device is used to simulate the underground storage environment to verify the effectiveness of the adaptive dynamic control method for ice layer generation. The experimental device includes a cooling unit, a temperature monitoring system, a moisture sensor, a resistivity measuring device, etc., which can monitor the temperature change, moisture content and electrical characteristics of the frozen layer in real time. The sensor layout covers different depths to ensure accurate measurement of key parameters in the ice layer growth process, and adopts a dynamic cooling control system to achieve a three-stage cooling strategy, including rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling, and final stage cooling. The experimental logic is based on controlling the cooling rate, observing the advancement of the freezing front, and monitoring the temperature distribution and moisture migration of the frozen layer in real time through sensors, analyzing the impact of adaptive regulation, ensuring the uniform growth of the ice layer, and verifying that the method of the present invention can achieve stable and reliable ice layer formation under different cooling strategies. The improvement of the experimental device lies in combining a precise sensor network with an intelligent control system to achieve higher ice layer control accuracy, and optimizing the cooling strategy through a feedback mechanism to ensure the controllability of the frozen layer thickness and the integrity of the sealing layer.

[0144] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the experimental results obtained based on the cooling strategy proposed in the present invention are shown, including data such as the thickness of the frozen layer, temperature distribution and structural stability. Experimental data show that by cooling down through the three-stage cooling method, an ice layer with uniform thickness and stable structure is successfully formed in the target area. The advancement of the freezing front shows that this method can quickly establish a freezing front in the early stage, and gradually form a stable ice lens structure as the cooling rate is adjusted, while ensuring the integrity of the frozen area. During the experiment, the sensor measured the dynamic changes in soil moisture during the freezing process. The results showed that this method can balance the moisture distribution by adaptively regulating the freezing rate and temperature gradient, thereby ensuring the density and stability of the ice layer. The experimental results further prove that the method of the present invention can accurately control the freezing process, ensure that the thickness of the ice layer meets the design goals, and improve the long-term reliability of the sealing layer.

[0145] Example 2

[0146] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device is provided. Figure 5 ,include:

[0147] Initial cooling unit 201, used for rapid initial cooling: quickly establishing a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches a target depth;

[0148] The stable cooling unit 202 is used for stable growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth slightly below the freezing point, steadily growing the ice lens, and forming a sealing layer with a desired thickness and stability;

[0149] The final cooling unit 203 is used for final stage cooling: increasing the cooling rate, freezing the remaining soil layer, and maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

[0150] The adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation device in the embodiment of the present invention proposes a three-stage cooling framework including rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, the position of the freezing front and the thickness of the ice lens are ensured to reach the expected target while maintaining the structural stability of the ice lens.

[0151] See also Figure 6 The following is a detailed description of the adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device of the present invention with a specific embodiment:

[0152] The present invention aims to solve the following problems existing in the existing underground cryogenic liquid storage tank sealing technology:

[0153] 1. Aging and failure of sealing materials: Traditional physical or chemical sealing methods are susceptible to changes in time and conditions in underground environments, resulting in reduced sealing performance and the risk of leakage.

[0154] 2. Uncontrollability of ice lens formation: When using ice lenses as sealing layers, it is difficult to accurately control their formation position and thickness, which may lead to unsatisfactory sealing effects or structural problems.

[0155] 3. Lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanism: The existing technology lacks real-time monitoring and dynamic control of the ice lens formation process, and cannot adjust the cooling parameters in time to adapt to changes in the underground environment, affecting the stability and reliability of the sealing layer.

[0156] The present invention introduces an adaptive cooling and real-time monitoring system to accurately control the position and thickness of the ice lens, thereby providing a reliable and controllable underground cryogenic liquid storage tank sealing method and overcoming the above technical difficulties.

[0157] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to:

[0158] 1. Real-time monitoring and dynamic control: The present invention introduces an adaptive dynamic control system, which uses sensors to monitor the formation position, thickness and environmental parameters of the ice layer in real time, and uses a feedback control mechanism to accurately adjust the cooling rate and conditions to ensure the uniformity and sealing performance of the ice layer.

[0159] 2. Enhanced environmental adaptability: By combining real-time analysis of environmental parameters (such as soil composition, temperature gradient, and moisture content), a flexible freezing control solution is provided to ensure the stability and reliability of the sealing layer under different geological conditions.

[0160] 3. Simplify system operation: Compared with the existing technology that relies on complex refrigeration or pressure regulation systems, the present invention reduces the difficulty of technical coordination and improves the ease of operation by optimizing the cooling framework and feedback regulation mechanism, making it suitable for large-scale applications.

[0161] 4. Economic and sustainability: Utilize environmental resources (such as groundwater) and optimized cryogenic technology to reduce dependence on high-cost insulation materials, thereby reducing construction and operating costs, while reducing energy consumption and improving environmental friendliness.

[0162] By achieving the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention overcomes the limitations of CN114738657A, CN118729142A and CN118912364A, and provides a more economical, reliable and efficient technical solution for underground cryogenic liquid sealed storage.

[0163] The present invention proposes an adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation method for underground cryogenic liquid sealed storage, which constructs a stable sealing structure by precisely controlling the ice layer generation position and thickness.

[0164] The core content includes:

[0165] 1. Three-stage cooling framework: initial rapid cooling to position, stable growth cooling to generate uniform ice layer, and final cooling to ensure integrity.

[0166] 2. Real-time monitoring and feedback control: Using the sensor network to monitor temperature, pressure and moisture, the central control unit dynamically adjusts the cooling parameters to optimize the freezing process.

[0167] 3. Environmental adaptability: Adaptively adjust the freezing scheme to adapt to different soil and thermal conditions.

[0168] 4. System composition: including cooling unit, sensor network and control unit, providing precise cooling and data support.

[0169] The present invention is suitable for underground storage of cryogenic liquids such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, improves sealing reliability, adaptability and economy, and overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0170] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail as follows:

[0171] Cooling process framework

[0172] The generation and control of ice lenses is divided into three stages: rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, precise positioning and thickness control of the ice lens can be achieved.

[0173] Phase 1: Rapid initial cooling

[0174] Purpose: To quickly establish a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth.

[0175] The soil temperature distribution is controlled by heat conduction, while latent heat release and cooling rate affect the freezing process. The basic heat conduction equation is as follows:

[0176]

[0177] Where T(z,t) is the temperature of the soil at depth z at time t (unit: K), Indicates the diffusion rate of soil (unit: m 2 / s), where κ is the thermal conductivity of soil (unit: W / (m·K)), ρ is the soil density (unit: kg / m 3 ), c is the specific heat capacity of soil (unit: J / (kg·K)), L is the latent heat of phase change of ice (unit: J / kg), S s is the ice saturation, ranging from 0 to 1.

[0178] For boundary conditions, consider that the cooling device acts on the soil surface, and its temperature changes with time at a rate α c The surface temperature is:

[0179] T s (t) = T 0 -α c t,

[0180] Among them, T s (t) is the surface temperature applied by the cooling device, T 0 is the initial soil temperature, i.e. the temperature of the soil surface at the beginning of cooling, α c is the cooling rate constant (unit: K / s).

[0181] The freezing front z f (t) is the soil temperature dropping to the freezing point T m The calculation of the depth needs to consider the influence of heat conduction and latent heat release at the same time. Combining the above formula, we can get:

[0182]

[0183] The theoretical cooling rate and the corresponding refrigeration equipment power can be calculated by combining the target front edge depth and the predetermined realization time.

[0184] Phase 2: Steady Growth Cooldown

[0185] Purpose: To slow down the cooling rate and maintain the temperature slightly below freezing near the target depth, thereby steadily growing the ice lens and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability.

[0186] The growth rate of the ice lens V l It is determined by the balance between the thermodynamic driving force in the soil and the resistance to liquid water flow and is calculated as follows:

[0187]

[0188] where ρG represents the thermomolecular force caused by the temperature gradient, z l is the depth of the lower boundary of the ice lens, P O represents the overburden pressure, describing the pressure on the soil surface, μ is the viscosity of liquid water, which increases as the temperature decreases, k is the permeability, reflecting the flow ability of liquid water in frozen soil, and z h Liquid water pressure equilibrium point. Correspondingly, to ensure the stable growth of ice lenses, the cooling rate must be less than the critical cooling rate V critical When no additional cladding pressure is applied, combined with the above formula, the critical cooling rate is calculated as:

[0189]

[0190] Phase 3: Final Phase Cooldown

[0191] Purpose: To increase the cooling rate and freeze the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

[0192] When the thickness h(t) of the ice lens reaches the predetermined target value h target After that, the cooling strategy enters the final stage. The core of this stage is to further freeze the remaining unfrozen soil layer by increasing the cooling rate while maintaining the stability of the ice lens structure that has been formed. c is appropriately raised to advance the freezing front position z f (t), and ensure the overall integrity of the frozen area.

[0193] The present invention provides an ice lens generation system based on a three-stage cooling framework and an optimization control method thereof, which realizes precise adjustment of the cooling rate through real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism, ensuring the stable formation of ice lenses and the overall integrity of the frozen area. In order to achieve precise control, the present invention adopts a set of efficient real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanisms. The monitoring system is composed of a variety of sensors, which are arranged at different depths in the frozen area and are used to collect key data in real time, including:

[0194] 1. Temperature monitoring: Use thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) to monitor the temperature distribution at different depths in the frozen area with high precision. Thermocouples have the characteristics of fast response speed and low cost, and are suitable for deployment in shallow and deep soil layers; RTDs provide higher measurement accuracy and stability, and are suitable for long-term temperature monitoring.

[0195] 2. Humidity monitoring: Equipped with a capacitive humidity sensor to measure the liquid water content in the soil and monitor the moisture dynamics of the frozen layer. The capacitive humidity sensor reflects the moisture status by detecting the capacitance change of the soil, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low power consumption.

[0196] 3. Ice layer monitoring: The following solutions can be used

[0197] 3.1 Four-electrode resistance sensor: By measuring the resistivity change of the frozen layer in real time, the thickness and distribution of the ice layer can be inferred by using the significant difference in resistivity between soil liquid water and ice. The sensor has a simple structure and low cost, and can be used for large-scale deployment and real-time monitoring.

[0198] 3.2 Dielectric constant sensor: detects changes in dielectric properties within the frozen layer, combines the difference in dielectric constants between liquid water and ice, and accurately determines the growth dynamics of the ice layer, which is suitable for high-precision monitoring needs.

[0199] 3.3 Thermal conductivity sensor: Using the difference in thermal conductivity between the frozen layer and the unfrozen layer, the temperature change is measured by the heat pulse method to calculate the position and thickness of the frozen layer. This solution can be combined with the existing temperature sensor network and has good scalability.

[0200] 4. Pore pressure monitoring: Pore pressure sensors are configured to monitor changes in pore water pressure during the freezing process. The pressure sensor can capture the flow characteristics of water and help optimize the position of the freezing front and water distribution.

[0201] The data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the central control unit through the data transmission module. The central control unit analyzes the sensor data in real time, combines the temperature gradient of the frozen layer and the thickness growth law of the ice lens, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the cooling equipment. The monitoring and control system of the present invention is economical and scalable, and is suitable for large-scale applications. Low-cost sensors in the sensor network can replace expensive fiber optic sensors and ground penetrating radars (GPR), effectively reducing the overall cost while meeting the real-time monitoring needs. The core components of the system include a cooling unit, a sensor network, and a central control unit. The cooling unit uses a liquid nitrogen cooling system or a thermoelectric cooler, and is combined with an underground auxiliary heat exchanger to improve the cooling efficiency. The sensor network collects data such as temperature, humidity, ice thickness, and pore water pressure in the frozen area in real time through various types of sensors. The functions of the central control unit include data acquisition, real-time analysis, and dynamic feedback, and the stability of the frozen layer is ensured by optimizing the cooling rate.

[0202] The key points and intended protection points of the present invention are:

[0203] The key point of the present invention is to achieve precise control of the formation process of the underground cryogenic liquid storage sealing layer - ice lens through adaptive dynamic control technology. It is specifically reflected in the following points:

[0204] 1. Three-stage cooling framework: A three-stage cooling framework including rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling and final stage cooling is proposed. By dynamically adjusting the cooling rate, the position of the freezing front and the thickness of the ice lens can be ensured to reach the expected target while maintaining the structural stability of the ice lens.

[0205] 2. Real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback control: A monitoring system based on multiple sensors has been built, including temperature sensors (thermocouples, RTDs), humidity sensors, resistivity sensors (four-electrode resistance method), dielectric constant sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, and pore pressure sensors. The monitoring system collects key data such as temperature distribution, humidity changes, ice thickness, and pore water pressure in the frozen area in real time, and achieves precise adjustment of the cooling rate through the dynamic feedback control mechanism of the central control unit.

[0206] 3. Economical and efficient ice monitoring solutions: Use economical solutions such as four-electrode resistance sensors and thermal conductivity sensors to replace expensive fiber optic sensors and ground penetrating radar (GPR) to meet large-scale, real-time monitoring needs while reducing system costs and improving economic feasibility.

[0207] 4. Environmental adaptability design: The system can dynamically adjust the cooling rate and scheme according to different soil conditions (such as sand, clay) and environmental characteristics (such as temperature gradient, moisture content) to adapt to diverse underground environments and ensure the stability and reliability of the frozen layer.

[0208] 5. System integration and modular design: The core of the system consists of a cooling unit (liquid nitrogen cooling system or thermoelectric cooler), a sensor network and a central control unit. The modular design makes it highly scalable and applicable. The central control unit combines real-time data analysis and optimization algorithms to ensure the integrity and long-term stability of the frozen area.

[0209] The content to be protected by the present invention:

[0210] 1. Ice lens generation method and its control strategy based on the three-stage cooling framework.

[0211] 2. Multi-sensor networks involving real-time monitoring, including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, four-electrode resistance sensors, dielectric constant sensors and thermal conductivity sensors.

[0212] 3. Adaptive dynamic control algorithm, which optimizes the cooling rate through real-time data feedback and maintains the stability of the freezing front position and ice lens thickness.

[0213] 4. The composition and deployment of an economical ice monitoring system, especially the combination of resistivity monitoring and thermal conductivity detection.

[0214] 5. Environmentally adaptable dynamic cooling strategies, including optimized designs to suit different soil and thermal conditions.

[0215] Through the above technical scheme, the present invention effectively solves the problems existing in the prior art such as uncontrollable ice layer formation location and thickness, lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanism, and insufficient economy, and provides an efficient, reliable and economical solution for underground cryogenic liquid storage.

[0216] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages in the following aspects:

[0217] 1. Diversity and economy of monitoring system

[0218] Compared with the high cost of using fiber optic sensors or ground penetrating radar (GPR) for ice layer monitoring in the prior art, the present invention can significantly reduce system costs by using economical sensing devices such as four-electrode resistance method sensors, dielectric constant sensors, and thermal conductivity sensors. At the same time, these sensors can capture the changes in the electrical and thermal properties of the frozen layer in real time, thereby achieving accurate monitoring of the freezing front position and ice lens thickness. This diverse and cost-effective sensing solution has not been fully implemented in the prior art.

[0219] 2. Accuracy of dynamic feedback control

[0220] Based on real-time monitoring data, the present invention realizes precise adjustment of the cooling rate through the dynamic feedback control mechanism of the central control unit. By optimizing the surface cooling rate, the advancement of the freezing front and the growth of the ice lens thickness can meet the design goals, and the entire cooling process always maintains stability. Compared with the cooling process in the prior art that relies on fixed parameters or manual adjustment, the present invention significantly improves the flexibility and reliability of control.

[0221] 3. Environmental adaptability of the system

[0222] The present invention can automatically adjust the cooling strategy for different soil types (such as sandy soil, clay) and environmental conditions (such as high moisture content or low temperature areas), and its adaptability is significantly enhanced. For example, in soils with high moisture content, the problem of water loss caused by too fast freezing can be avoided by adjusting the cooling rate and optimizing the temperature gradient of the frozen area; while in soils with low moisture content, the stable growth of the frozen layer can be achieved by optimizing the water supply of the ice lens in combination with the feedback of the humidity sensor. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can adapt to complex environments more widely.

[0223] 4. Innovation of the three-stage cooling framework

[0224] The three-stage cooling framework proposed in the present invention (rapid initial cooling, stable growth cooling, and final stage cooling) can flexibly adapt to the freezing requirements at different stages. In the prior art, the cooling process is usually a single mode and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the progress of freezing. Through this framework, the present invention can quickly advance the freezing front at the early stage of frozen layer formation, then maintain the thickness of the ice lens through stable cooling, and finally freeze the remaining soil layer to ensure the overall integrity and long-term stability of the region.

[0225] 5. System integration and scalability

[0226] The present invention adopts modular design, efficiently integrates cooling units, sensor networks and central control units, and provides flexible expansion interfaces. For example, the sensor type and the configuration of cooling equipment can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to application scenarios of different scales and complexities. However, the existing technologies often have problems of rigid design or insufficient integration, which makes it difficult to meet diverse application needs.

[0227] 6. Real-time data analysis and high degree of automation

[0228] The present invention uses a central control unit to analyze sensor network data in real time and uses an adaptive control algorithm to dynamically optimize cooling parameters. Compared with the limitations of existing technologies that rely on manual monitoring and parameter adjustment, the present invention significantly improves the automation level of the cooling process and can more efficiently meet the technical requirements of underground cryogenic liquid storage.

[0229] In summary, compared with the existing technology, the present invention has significant advantages in economy, accuracy, adaptability, degree of automation and system integration, and provides a better technical solution for achieving efficient control of the ice lens formation process.

[0230] See also Figure 3-4 The present invention has been proven to be feasible through experiments, simulations and use. Through a one-dimensional cooling experiment, the present invention successfully forms an ice layer with a certain thickness at a specified location. Specifically, through the technical solution of the present invention, a dense ice layer with a thickness of about 15 mm is formed in the soil by cooling.

[0231] Example 3

[0232] A storage medium stores a program file capable of implementing any one of the above-mentioned methods for adaptively dynamically controlling ice layer formation.

[0233] Example 4

[0234] A processor is used to run a program, wherein when the program is run, any one of the above-mentioned adaptive dynamic control ice layer generation methods is executed.

[0235] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0236] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0237] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the system embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units can be a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0238] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed over multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0239] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0240] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0241] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive dynamic control method for ice formation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101: Rapid initial cooling: Rapidly establish a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth; S102: Stable growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth slightly below the freezing point, steadily growing the ice lens, and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability; S103: Final stage cooling: Increase the cooling rate to freeze the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

2. The method for adaptively dynamically controlling ice formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S101, a theoretical cooling rate and a corresponding refrigeration equipment power are calculated in combination with a target front edge depth and a predetermined realization time.

3. The adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanisms enable precise adjustment of the cooling rate, ensuring the stable formation of the ice lens and the overall integrity of the frozen area.

4. The adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanisms enable precise adjustment of the cooling rate, including high-precision monitoring of temperature distribution at different depths within the freezing zone.

5. The adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanisms enable precise adjustment of the cooling rate, including: detecting changes in soil capacitance, measuring the liquid water content in the soil, and monitoring the moisture dynamics of the frozen layer.

6. The method for adaptively dynamically controlling ice formation according to claim 3, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism to achieve precise adjustment of cooling rate include: Real-time measurement of the resistivity change of the frozen layer, using the significant difference in resistivity between soil liquid water and ice to infer the thickness and distribution of the ice layer, or Detect changes in dielectric properties within the frozen layer, and combine the differences in dielectric constants between liquid water and ice to accurately determine the growth dynamics of the ice layer, or Using the difference in thermal conductivity between the frozen layer and the unfrozen layer, the temperature change is measured by the heat pulse method to calculate the position and thickness of the frozen layer, or Monitor changes in pore water pressure during the freezing process, capture the flow characteristics of water, and optimize the position of the freezing front and moisture distribution.

7. An adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device, characterized in that: include: Initial cooling unit for rapid initial cooling: quickly establishes a temperature gradient so that the freezing front reaches the target depth; The stabilization cooling unit is used for stabilization growth cooling: slowing down the cooling rate, maintaining the temperature near the target depth slightly below the freezing point, steadily growing the ice lens, and forming a sealing layer with the desired thickness and stability; Final cooling unit for final stage cooling: increasing the cooling rate, freezing the remaining soil layer while maintaining the stability of the ice lens.

8. The adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The device also includes: The monitoring system is used for real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback mechanism to achieve precise adjustment of the cooling rate, ensuring the stable formation of ice lenses and the overall integrity of the frozen area.

9. The adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the central control unit through the data transmission module. The central control unit analyzes the sensor data in real time, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the cooling equipment based on the temperature gradient of the frozen layer and the thickness growth law of the ice lens.

10. The adaptive dynamic control ice layer formation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Use thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) to monitor the temperature distribution at different depths within the frozen area with high accuracy; Equipped with capacitive humidity sensors to measure the liquid water content in the soil and monitor the moisture dynamics of the frozen layer; Equipped with a four-electrode resistance sensor to measure the resistivity change of the frozen layer in real time, and use the significant difference in resistivity between soil liquid water and ice to infer the thickness and distribution of the ice layer; Equipped with a dielectric constant sensor to detect changes in the dielectric properties of the frozen layer, and accurately determine the growth dynamics of the ice layer based on the difference in dielectric constants between liquid water and ice; Equipped with a heat conduction characteristic sensor, using the difference in thermal conductivity between the frozen layer and the unfrozen layer, the temperature change is measured by the heat pulse method to calculate the position and thickness of the frozen layer; Equipped with pore pressure sensors to monitor changes in pore water pressure during the freezing process, capture the flow characteristics of water, and optimize the position of the freezing front and water distribution.

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