Magnetic suspension gap adjustable nanometer generator based on 3D printing technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of generators, and discloses a 3D printing technology-based magnetic suspension gap-adjustable friction nanometer generator, which comprises a 3D printing structure, a magnetic suspension device, a height locking device and a friction nanometer power generation unit, the 3D printing structure adopts a frame type design and comprises a base, a stand column and an upper cover part. According to the invention, the friction nanometer generator device prepared by the 3D printing technology and the contact separation type platform with the magnetic suspension adjustable gap characteristic are used for micro-nano energy collection. The friction nano-generator is prepared through the 3D printing technology, a platform structure is printed, friction and deviation interference in the pressing process is reduced in combination with the magnetic suspension principle, and therefore the real power generation efficiency of the micro-structure friction nano-generator is improved, and the stability and precision of device micro-nano energy collection data are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of generators, and in particular relates to a magnetically suspended gap-adjustable nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern society, the demand for energy is growing. Micro-nano energy harvesting has attracted widespread attention as a potential energy supplement. It can utilize the ubiquitous but usually neglected tiny energy sources in the environment, such as human movement, machine vibration, ambient temperature gradient, etc., to convert these energies into electrical energy to provide power support for low-power electronic devices. As a new type of energy conversion device, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has broad application prospects in the field of micro-nano energy. Its power generation principle is a power generation technology based on triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction effect. According to the different friction motion modes, there are four basic working modes: vertical contact separation mode, horizontal sliding mode, single electrode mode and independent layer mode. Among them, the power generation principle of the vertical contact separation mode is: when two materials are in contact, due to the triboelectric effect, their surfaces will generate equal and opposite charges. When the two materials are separated, due to the electrostatic induction effect, a potential difference will be generated between the electrodes, driving the charge to flow in the external circuit to form a current. The device can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0003] In recent years, 3D printing technology has made great progress in materials, precision and speed. It has a high degree of design flexibility and can produce complex geometric structures, which is a huge advantage for the manufacture of micro-nano energy harvesting devices. Traditional manufacturing methods are often limited by molds, processing technology, etc. when manufacturing micro-nano structure devices, while 3D printing can break through these limitations and manufacture energy harvesting devices with complex three-dimensional micro-nano structures. Micro-nano energy harvesting devices can also be customized with high precision according to different application scenarios and performance requirements. In the design stage, physical prototypes can be made quickly, which facilitates researchers to carry out high-performance micro-nano energy harvesting and optimization improvements, greatly shortening the research and development cycle of micro-nano energy harvesting devices.

[0004] In the research and development process of vertical contact separation TENG, 3D printing technology can be combined to quickly design and prepare TENG devices with micro-nano structures and pressing structures matching the TENG devices, thereby achieving efficient power output.

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0006] Traditional manufacturing methods are often limited by molds, processing technology, etc. when manufacturing micro-nanostructure devices. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a magnetic levitation gap adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology.

[0008] The present invention is implemented in this way: a magnetic suspension gap adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology includes:

[0009] 3D printing structure, magnetic levitation device, height locking device, friction nano power generation unit;

[0010] The 3D printed structure adopts a frame design, including a base, columns and upper cover;

[0011] Four columns are vertically connected to the base and evenly distributed at the four corners of the base; the upper cover is horizontally placed between the columns, and the back side is used to fix the friction layer of the friction nanogenerator.

[0012] Furthermore, the magnetic suspension device is composed of eight permanent magnets; the permanent magnets are fixed on the base and the upper cover of the 3D printing structure, are circular in shape, and are made of highly magnetic neodymium iron boron material.

[0013] Furthermore, the height locking device is composed of four insertable rectangular blocks; by marking scales on the four columns and printing a hollow structure, and inserting four thin sheets printed by a 3D printer into the four columns at the same time, the upper cover is locked at different height levels.

[0014] Furthermore, the friction nano power generation unit is composed of two different friction materials, wherein thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, referred to as TPU, is used as a volatile electron layer and is made into a micro-nano structure array by printing TPU85A consumables by an FDM type 3D printer;

[0015] Polydimethylsiloxane, abbreviated as PDMS, is used as the readily available electronic layer by mechanically stirring and mixing the PDMS prepolymer and the cross-linking agent in a weight ratio of 10:1 for 5 minutes, and then degassing under vacuum; then, the mixture is placed on the prepared TPU surface for self-leveling and cured at 50°C for 3 hours; then, the PDMS is slowly peeled off to obtain a PDMS layer that matches the microstructure of the TPU layer; the two friction layers connect the electrodes and the external circuit, and the electrodes use copper foil, a highly conductive metal material.

[0016] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0017] First, the micro-nano energy harvesting field involved in the present invention relates to a friction nanogenerator device prepared by 3D printing technology and a contact-separation platform with magnetic suspension adjustable gap characteristics for micro-nano energy harvesting. The friction nanogenerator is prepared by 3D printing technology and the platform structure is printed, and the friction and deviation interference during the pressing process are reduced by combining the principle of magnetic suspension, thereby improving the real power generation efficiency of the microstructure friction nanogenerator and improving the stability and accuracy of the device's micro-nano energy harvesting data.

[0018] (I) Significant improvement in power generation efficiency

[0019] 1. Effectively reduce invalid friction and deviation interference

[0020] When the traditional vertical contact separation TENG is pressed, the friction generated by the mechanical contact and the offset generated by the pressing contact cannot be ignored. For example, in some micro-nano energy harvesting platforms based on mechanical clamps, the friction coefficient is large. When pressure is applied to the friction nanogenerator, the friction will hinder the normal transfer of charge inside the generator. The tiny offset will cause the micro-structure of the friction nanogenerator to fit and offset, making the measured power generation efficiency error up to 10%-20%.

[0021] This technology uses the principle of magnetic levitation, and through the interaction between permanent magnets, the friction nanogenerator is suspended in the air during the micro-nano energy collection process, with almost no contact friction with surrounding components. The designed four-sided column structure can accurately guide the pressing and achieve pressing without offset. After actual micro-nano energy collection verification, this platform can reduce the measurement error caused by friction to less than 1%-2%, and at the same time can increase the power generation efficiency by 6%, so that the real power generation efficiency of the friction nanogenerator can be measured more accurately, providing a reliable basis for its performance evaluation.

[0022] (II) Obvious advantages in structural design

[0023] 1. 3D printing brings flexibility and customization

[0024] Using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printer for structural printing, during the design phase, you only need to use computer software to design a platform structure model that meets the needs of micro-nano energy collection, and then quickly put it into printing and manufacturing. For example, when a friction nanogenerator with a special shape (such as arc, irregular polygon, etc.) or size (extremely small or super large) is required for micro-nano energy collection, the model can be easily modified and adjusted, and then the corresponding customized platform components can be printed out.

[0025] Compared with traditional mechanical processing and manufacturing, 3D printing does not require the production of complex molds, greatly shortening the cycle from design to manufacturing. When facing a variety of micro-nano energy collection objects, the platform structure can be adjusted and optimized more flexibly, effectively improving the versatility and adaptability of the platform.

[0026] 2. Good structural stability

[0027] Although the 3D printing structure is made of materials stacked layer by layer, through reasonable structural design, such as adding support structures, optimizing connection parts, etc., and choosing suitable printing materials, the material currently used is polylactic acid (PLA), which can ensure that the entire micro-nano energy collection platform has sufficient strength and stability. During the micro-nano energy collection process, it can stably support components such as the magnetic levitation device, pressing mechanism, and micro-nano energy collection system to prevent adverse effects on the micro-nano energy collection results due to structural deformation.

[0028] 3. Low cost and environmentally friendly

[0029] The 3D printing platform in the present invention uses polylactic acid (PLA) material, which is a new type of bio-based and renewable biodegradable material. Its raw materials are widely available, the cost is relatively low, and it can be gradually degraded in the natural environment without causing long-term pollution to the environment, which is in line with the development concept of green environmental protection.

[0030] 4. Ingenious structural design

[0031] The platform adopts a design of four rails and a height locking device. In the process of micro-nano energy collection, the position of the height locking device can be adjusted to achieve micro-nano energy collection at different heights. It can not only meet various micro-nano energy collection needs, but also be used to measure the output power changes caused by different pressing gap heights, which provides convenience for studying the performance of friction nanogenerators under different gap height conditions.

[0032] The advantage of the present invention is that it provides a contact-separation friction nanogenerator with a magnetic levitation adjustable gap based on 3D printing technology to solve the problems of complex manufacturing, high cost, and large errors in micro-nano energy collection in the prior art, and to achieve efficient and accurate energy conversion and micro-nano energy collection.

[0033] Second, the application value of the present invention in the field of energy collection is mainly reflected in the high efficiency and practicality of micro-nano energy collection, which can effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency and output stability, and is particularly suitable for self-powered systems of low-power electronic devices. In the wearable device market, the demand for long battery life and passive power supply for products such as smart watches and health monitoring bracelets is increasing. The life of traditional small batteries is limited, and they need to be replaced or charged regularly, which increases the cost and inconvenience of use. The friction nanogenerator of the present invention achieves higher energy conversion efficiency by optimizing structural design and material selection, so that wearable devices can continuously generate electricity in daily activities such as exercise and contact, meet basic power needs, and reduce dependence on traditional batteries. With the maturity and large-scale production of this technology, it is expected to occupy a certain share of the wearable device market in the next five years, promote product upgrades, and bring hundreds of millions of yuan in economic benefits. In addition, in the field of industrial Internet of Things, widely distributed wireless sensor nodes usually rely on batteries for power supply, with high maintenance costs and limited battery life. The present invention provides an efficient and sustainable energy harvesting method, which can reduce the need for battery replacement, improve the stability and life of the sensor network, further promote the popularization of industrial automation, provide solid technical support for the development of intelligent manufacturing and smart cities, and show broad market prospects and commercial value.

[0034] At present, the development of micro-nano energy harvesting technology is mainly focused on the material modification and surface microstructure optimization of friction nanogenerators, but the existing technology still has great limitations in structural adjustment and stability control. Traditional friction nanogenerators use a fixed gap structure, which is difficult to achieve precise adjustment during the manufacturing process. At the same time, it is easy to cause a decrease in energy conversion efficiency due to mechanical wear and offset during long-term use. This invention combines 3D printing technology, magnetic levitation principle and adjustable gap structure for the first time, reduces mechanical friction through magnetic action, improves power generation stability, and uses 3D printing technology to quickly manufacture micro-nano friction layers, and optimizes energy output through adjustable gap structures. This innovative design not only improves the manufacturing flexibility of micro-nano energy harvesting devices, but also greatly improves power generation efficiency and long-term operation reliability, filling the current gap in the field of efficient, stable and flexible micro-nano energy harvesting technology, and provides a new technical path for the next generation of self-powered electronic devices.

[0035] One of the research focuses of micro-nano energy harvesting technology is how to ensure efficient power generation and long-term stable operation of friction nanogenerators in complex working environments. However, the traditional generator structure is limited by processing technology and material properties, and it is difficult to avoid friction layer offset, energy loss and attenuation after long-term operation, which limits its wide promotion in practical applications. The present invention adopts the principle of magnetic levitation to reduce side friction and mechanical offset, reduce contact loss, and keep the friction layer in a stable relative motion state during the power generation process. At the same time, combined with the flexible manufacturing advantages of 3D printing technology, a precisely controllable micro-nano friction layer structure is realized, which improves the uniformity of charge distribution and the stability of energy conversion. Through this innovative solution, the present invention has successfully broken through the problems of structural stability and energy harvesting efficiency that have long plagued scientific researchers, and provided a practical solution for the practical application of micro-nano energy harvesting technology.

[0036] In traditional concepts, the manufacture of micro-nano structures mainly relies on high-precision molds and complex micro-nano processing technology, and 3D printing technology has long been considered difficult to apply to the field of micro-nano manufacturing due to accuracy and stability issues. The present invention optimizes 3D printing parameters and material selection, combined with nanoscale fine control technology, so that 3D printing can achieve high-precision processing in the manufacture of micro-nano friction layers, and proves its feasibility in micro-nano energy harvesting devices. In addition, in the design of friction nanogenerators, traditional methods focus on material optimization, while the present invention breaks through this limitation and innovatively adopts magnetic suspension structure and adjustable gap design to avoid energy loss caused by mechanical fixed structure, providing a more flexible and efficient energy conversion mechanism. This innovation breaks the technical prejudice that "high-precision micro-nano manufacturing must rely on traditional micro-processing technology", provides new ideas and methods for the development of the micro-nano energy field, and is expected to promote the widespread application of related technologies in wearable devices, wireless sensors, industrial Internet of Things and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a magnetically suspended gap-adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the back side of the upper cover provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a highly locked structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the principle and preparation process of the friction nano power generation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5(a) A diagram of a friction nanogenerator TENG device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; (b) A diagram of the connection between the device and an oscilloscope; (c) The gap is 2 mm, and the average output voltage measured by other mechanical pressing platforms is 230.6 V; (d) The gap is 2 mm, and the average output voltage measured by the friction nanogenerator based on the magnetic levitation structure is 244.4 V.

[0042] Figure 6 The embodiments of the present invention provide (a) a side view of the entire device; (b) a voltage value of the device when the gap is 2 mm; (c) a current value of the device when the gap is 2 mm; (d) a voltage value of the device when the gap is 3 mm; (e) a current value of the device when the gap is 3 mm; (f) a voltage value of the device when the gap is 4 mm; (g) a current value of the device when the gap is 4 mm; and (h) a power value diagram of the device with different gaps.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a diagram of performing micro-nano energy collection on the friction nanogenerator every 2 hours, for a total of 10 micro-nano energy collections, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1. column; 2. height locking device; 3. base; 4. friction nanogenerator unit; 5. magnet hole; 6. upper cover; 7. permanent magnet a; 8. permanent magnet b; 9. permanent magnet c; 10. permanent magnet d; 11. upper cover body; 12. friction nanogenerator; 13. column a; 14. column b; 15. column c; 16 column d; 17. hollow structure a; 18. hollow structure b; 19. hollow structure c; 20. hollow structure d. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] The magnetic suspension gap adjustable friction nanogenerator of the present invention realizes efficient energy collection through the synergistic effect of the 3D printing structure, the magnetic suspension device, the height locking device 2 and the friction nanogenerator unit 4. Its basic working principle is to use the adjustable movement of the upper cover 6 supported by the magnetic suspension device to make the friction layer inside the friction nanogenerator 12 periodically contact and separate, thereby generating charge transfer on the electrode to complete energy collection. The column 1 and the height locking device 2 are used to adjust and fix the position of the upper cover 6 so that it can operate at different gap heights to optimize the power generation efficiency. Through this innovative design, the equipment can adapt to different working environments, minimize mechanical wear, and improve stability and life.

[0047] The device adopts a 3D printed structure including a base 3, a column 1 and an upper cover 6, and provides stable support and guiding functions through a frame design. The base 3 fixes the entire device and provides a stable base. The columns 1 (including columns a13, columns b14, columns c15, and columns d16) are distributed at the four corners of the base to ensure that the upper cover 6 can move along the direction of the columns without tilting or offsetting. The main body 11 of the upper cover 6 is provided with a magnet hole 5 for installing the permanent magnet of the magnetic suspension device. At the same time, the friction nanogenerator 12 is directly fixed at its bottom, so that the power generation unit can be periodically contacted and separated with the vertical movement of the upper cover, thereby realizing efficient energy collection.

[0048] The magnetic suspension device uses permanent magnets a7, b8, c9 and d10 to form a magnetic field, and supports the stable floating of the upper cover 6 through the principle of magnetic suspension. Specifically, the four permanent magnets are fixed at corresponding positions of the base 3 and the upper cover 6, respectively, so that the directions of the magnetic fields are the same, thereby generating magnetic repulsion. Due to the interaction of magnetic forces, the upper cover 6 can maintain a certain height of suspension without mechanical contact, and vibrate up and down with external forces. During operation, when the external mechanical force causes the upper cover 6 to move downward, the magnetic repulsion between the permanent magnets increases, thereby providing an upward restoring force, causing the upper cover to oscillate within a certain range, and driving the friction nanogenerator 12 to perform effective friction contact motion to achieve stable energy output.

[0049] In order to adjust the operating gap of the friction nanogenerator and adapt to different working conditions, the present invention designs a height locking device 2, which is composed of four insertable rectangular thin sheets. The device uses hollow structures a17, b18, c19 and d20 to allow users to calibrate on four columns and lock the upper cover 6 at different heights by inserting thin sheets. By adjusting the gap height, the contact time and separation interval of the friction layer can be controlled, thereby optimizing the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the locking device can effectively prevent the upper cover 6 from drifting unstably due to vibration or external force in a non-working state, thereby ensuring the stability of the equipment in a complex environment.

[0050] The friction nano power generation unit 4 is composed of a TPU micro-nano structure layer and a PDMS layer, and uses friction electrification and electrostatic induction effects for energy conversion. When the upper cover 6 vibrates periodically under the action of the magnetic suspension device, the TPU layer and the PDMS layer are constantly in contact and separation, forming a charge transfer. When the two layers are in contact, electrons are transferred from one material to another, forming a charge accumulation; when they are separated, due to the connection of the electrodes, the charges form a current through the external circuit. This process is repeated continuously, thereby outputting a stable AC signal for use by external devices. The electrode uses a highly conductive copper sheet that is in direct contact with the friction layer to ensure effective charge collection and transmission, thereby improving the overall energy output efficiency.

[0051] When the external force causes the upper cover 6 to vibrate in the direction of the column 1, the friction layer of the friction nanogenerator 12 contacts and separates, resulting in charge transfer. At the same time, the magnetic suspension device provides a restoring force in the vertical direction, so that the system can achieve high-frequency stable vibration without mechanical contact, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency. The height locking device 2 can optimize and adjust the gap according to different working conditions to adapt to vibration modes of different frequencies. Finally, the generated charge is transmitted to the external circuit through the copper electrode to provide a stable power supply for low-power electronic devices. The design of the present invention avoids the performance degradation of traditional friction nanogenerators due to mechanical wear, and can optimize the power generation performance by adjusting the magnetic suspension gap, so that it has broad application prospects in the fields of wearable devices, self-powered sensors and industrial Internet of Things.

[0052] (I) Overall structure

[0053] The magnetic suspension gap adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology is mainly composed of a 3D printing structure, a magnetic suspension device, a height locking device 2, and a friction nanogenerator unit 4 (such as Figure 1 (shown is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the platform).

[0054] (II) 3D printing structure

[0055] 1. Structural composition and materials

[0056] The 3D printing structure adopts a frame design, including a base 3, a column 1 and an upper cover 6. The overall shape is determined according to the internal component layout and the micro-nano energy collection operation requirements to ensure that each component can be reasonably installed and work together. PLA is used as the printing material, which has good mechanical properties and processability and can meet the strength requirements of the micro-nano energy collection platform.

[0057] The base 1 provides a stable support foundation for the entire platform. It is large in size and rectangular in shape. The strength and stability are ensured by increasing the bottom area and optimizing the printing parameters. The four pillars 1 are vertically connected to the base and are evenly distributed at the four corners of the base, which guide the upper cover 6 to move up and down without deviation. The upper cover 6 is placed horizontally between the pillars, and the back is used to fix the friction layer of the friction nanogenerator.

[0058] 2. Manufacturing process and precision

[0059] The FDM 3D printing technology was used to manufacture the structure. During the printing process, the layer thickness was set to 0.08 mm, the printing speed was controlled at 50 mm / s, and the printing temperature was set to 230°C. By optimizing these parameters, the accuracy and surface quality of the printed structure were guaranteed. After printing, the structure was post-processed as necessary, such as removing the support structure, polishing the surface to eliminate the layer pattern, and ensuring the flatness of the mounting surface of each component and the fit of the connection parts.

[0060] (III) Magnetic levitation device

[0061] 1. Component composition and principle

[0062] The magnetic suspension device consists of eight permanent magnets (such as Figure 2 The permanent magnet is fixed on the base and the upper cover of the 3D printed structure. It is circular in shape and made of highly magnetic NdFeB material. It can generate a stable magnetic field. The working principle is based on the principle of magnets repelling each other.

[0063] 2. Installation and debugging

[0064] During the installation process, ensure that the central axis of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are aligned to ensure the uniformity and stability of the magnetic field. After the installation is completed, adjust the position of the upper cover and observe the suspension state of the micro-nano energy harvester to ensure that the micro-nano energy harvester can be stably suspended at a suitable height and maintain balance in the horizontal direction.

[0065] (IV) Height locking device 2

[0066] The height locking device 2 is composed of four insertable rectangular parallelepipeds (such as Figure 3 As shown, a partial enlarged view of the height locking device). By marking scales on the four columns and printing a hollow structure, four sheets printed by a 3D printer are inserted into the four columns at the same time to lock the upper cover at different height levels.

[0067] (V) Tribo-nanoelectric power generation unit 4

[0068] 1. Component composition and principle

[0069] It is composed of two different friction materials, in which thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is used as the volatile electron layer and is printed by an FDM 3D printer. TPU85A consumables are made into a micro-nano structure array to increase the contact area and friction effect.

[0070] Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the readily available electronic layer by mechanically stirring and mixing the PDMS prepolymer and the crosslinking agent at a weight ratio of 10:1 for 5 minutes, and then degassing under vacuum. Then, the mixture is placed on the prepared TPU surface for self-leveling and cured at 50°C for 3 hours. Then, the PDMS is slowly peeled off to obtain a PDMS layer that matches the microstructure of the TPU layer (its principle and preparation process are as follows Figure 4 The two friction layers connect the electrodes to the external circuit. The electrodes are made of highly conductive copper foil to ensure that the charges generated by friction can be effectively collected and transmitted.

[0071] 2. Component installation and micro-nano energy collection

[0072] During installation, the two materials are attached to the base and the back of the upper cover of the micro-nano energy collection platform, and the edges are aligned to ensure that the microstructure can fit tightly and does not deviate during relative movement to maintain good triboelectric performance. An oscilloscope or electrometer is connected externally, and then connected to a computer for micro-nano energy collection and data measurement and storage.

[0073] Example 1:

[0074] Micro-nano energy harvesting microstructure planar friction nanogenerator ( Figure 5 ):

[0075] 1. Construction of micro-nano energy collection platform

[0076] Select PLA material and use FDM 3D printer to print the base, column and upper cover of the 3D printed structure according to the above design parameters. Fix the NdFeB permanent magnets around the base and upper cover. Connect the friction nanogenerator to the oscilloscope, and then connect the oscilloscope to the computer to complete the construction of the micro-nano energy collection system.

[0077] 2. Micro-nano energy harvesting operations and results

[0078] Select a rectangular microstructure planar friction nanogenerator and place it on the micro-nano energy collection platform. Adjust the height locking device to make the micro-nano energy collection platform suspend at a height of 2mm. Set the pressing force to 11.87kPa and the pressing frequency to 5Hz. Perform pressing micro-nano energy collection, and the computer software records and analyzes the data. The micro-nano energy collection results show that the power generation efficiency of the friction nanogenerator under this micro-nano energy collection condition is 6% higher than that of the traditional micro-nano energy collection platform.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] By adjusting different gaps, the output voltage, current and power of the friction nanogenerator can be adjusted by measuring the magnetic levitation gap based on 3D printing technology ( Figure 6 ):

[0081] The rectangular microstructure planar friction nanogenerator of Example 1 was placed on the adjusted micro-nano energy collection platform, the gap distance between the two friction layers was set to 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm respectively, the pressing stroke was divided into 3mm, 4mm, and 5mm, the pressing force was set to 11.87kPa, the pressing frequency was 5Hz, and the magnetic levitation and pressing micro-nano energy collection process of Example 1 was repeated for multiple micro-nano energy collection. The micro-nano energy collection results show that the output power is the highest at a pressing height of 4mm, with a power value of 21.74mW, and the output power and gap height are basically linearly fitted, as shown in Figure (h). This result provides reliable data for studying the performance of the generator at different gap heights.

[0082] Example 3:

[0083] Long-term stability of micro-nano energy harvesting ( Figure 7 )

[0084] 1. Micro-nano energy harvesting method

[0085] The magnetic levitation gap-adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology was kept in continuous operation, and micro-nano energy collection was performed every 2 hours, for a total of 10 micro-nano energy collections. The above operation process was repeated each time for micro-nano energy collection, including magnetic levitation, pressing, and data collection and analysis.

[0086] 2. Micro-nano energy harvesting results and analysis

[0087] The micro-nano energy collection results show that during the entire micro-nano energy collection process, the various components of the friction nanogenerator operate stably and the measurement data are accurate and reliable. The measured value of the power generation efficiency of the friction nanogenerator fluctuates very little, proving that this micro-nano energy collection platform has good long-term stability and can meet the needs of long-term and multiple micro-nano energy collection, providing a strong guarantee for the research and development and quality control of friction nanogenerators.

[0088] It can be seen from the above multiple embodiments that the magnetic levitation gap adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology shows good performance under different gap conditions, can effectively improve the accuracy of micro-nano energy collection, and has the advantages of flexible structural design, stability and reliability, etc., which provides an important micro-nano energy collection method for the research and application of microstructure friction nanogenerators.

[0089] Figure 1 :The appearance structure of the entire magnetic suspension gap adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology is shown, where 1 is the column of the 3D printing structure, 2 is the height locking device, 3 is the base, 4 is the friction nanogenerator unit, 5 is the magnet hole, and 6 is the upper cover. The position relationship of each component is clear, reflecting the rationality of the overall layout.

[0090] Figure 2 : The structure on the back of the upper cover is shown in detail, where 7, 8, 9, and 10 are permanent magnets, 11 is the upper cover body, and 12 is the friction nanogenerator (TENG) bonding platform. The relative position and installation method of the upper cover permanent magnet and the base permanent magnet are clearly presented, which helps to understand the principle of magnetic levitation and the working mechanism of the device.

[0091] Figure 3 : The height locking structure is clearly shown, where 13, 14, 15, and 16 are four columns connected to the base, and 17, 18, 19, and 20 are hollow structures, into which 3D printed hard sheets can be inserted to reach a specific height. The figure shows the installation position on the 3D printed height locking structure, which is convenient for measuring operations at different height levels.

[0092] Figure 4 : Principle and preparation process of triboelectric nanoelectric power generation unit. a) Original no-charge state, b) Pressed state, c) Initial release state, d) Completely released equilibrium state, e) Pressed state again. f) Preparation process of friction layer of triboelectric nanoelectric power generation unit.

[0093] Figure 5 :(a) Device diagram of friction nanogenerator TENG; (b) Connection diagram of device and oscilloscope; (c) The gap is 2mm, and the average output voltage measured by other mechanical pressing platforms is 230.6V; (d) The gap is 2mm, and the average output voltage measured by the friction nanogenerator based on this magnetic levitation structure is 244.4V.

[0094] Figure 6 :(a) Side view of the overall device; (b) Voltage value of the device when the gap is 2mm; (c) Current value of the device when the gap is 2mm; (d) Voltage value of the device when the gap is 3mm; (e) Current value of the device when the gap is 3mm; (f) Voltage value of the device when the gap is 4mm; (g) Current value of the device when the gap is 4mm; (h) Power value of the device with different gaps.

[0095] Figure 7 : The friction nanogenerator is subjected to micro-nano energy harvesting once every 2 hours, for a total of 10 micro-nano energy harvesting operations.

[0096] The lines in the accompanying drawings are smooth and without jagged edges, and only the component numbers are marked. There are no markings other than text, dimensions, or other graphics, which meet the requirements of the accompanying drawing specifications and can clearly and intuitively assist in understanding the technical solution of the present invention.

[0097] 1. Specific application fields or related products of the present invention.

[0098] Wearable device field: such as smart bracelets, smart watches, health monitoring patches, etc. The mechanical energy generated by daily human activities (such as walking, arm swinging, breathing, etc.) is converted into electrical energy through the friction nanogenerator of the present invention to power the device. This can not only extend the battery life of the device, but also reduce the volume and weight burden brought by traditional batteries, and improve the comfort and convenience of users.

[0099] IoT sensor field: For wireless sensor nodes distributed in various environments, such as temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors in industrial plants, soil moisture and light intensity sensors in agriculture, etc., the present invention can convert the energy of weak vibrations and airflow movement in the surrounding environment into electrical energy to realize self-power supply of sensors. This reduces the maintenance cost of the sensor network, improves the flexibility and sustainability of its deployment, and ensures the stable operation of the IoT system.

[0100] Smart home equipment field: Some small smart home equipment, such as smart door and window sensors, controllers for temperature and humidity control devices, etc., can achieve energy self-sufficiency with the help of this invention. The mechanical movement of doors and windows when they are opened or closed or the energy generated by the indoor air flow can be used to generate electricity, avoiding frequent replacement of batteries or wiring power supply, simplifying the equipment installation and use process, and improving the overall intelligence level and user experience of the smart home system.

[0101] 2. Relevant evidence of the technical effects obtained by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0102] Evidence of improved power generation efficiency: In Example 1, through a comparative experiment with a traditional mechanical pressing platform, under the same micro-nano energy collection conditions (selecting a rectangular microstructure planar friction nanogenerator, setting the pressing force to 11.87 kPa, and the pressing frequency to 5 Hz), the average output voltage of the magnetic suspension gap adjustable friction nanogenerator of the present invention increased from 230.6 V of the traditional platform to 244.4 V at a gap height of 2 mm, and the power generation efficiency increased by 6%. This directly proves that the magnetic suspension structure effectively reduces side friction and offset interference, improves power generation efficiency, and provides a more efficient technical means for micro-nano energy collection.

[0103] Evidence of performance research at different gaps: In Example 2, the rectangular microstructure planar friction nanogenerator was subjected to multiple micro-nano energy collection experiments at different gap distances (2mm, 3mm, 4mm) and pressing strokes (3mm, 4mm, 5mm). The results showed that the output power was up to 21.74mW at a pressing height of 4mm, and the output power and gap height were basically linearly fitted. These data provide a detailed basis for studying the performance change law of the generator under different working conditions, proving that the present invention can optimize the power generation performance by adjusting the gap height to meet diverse application needs.

[0104] Evidence of long-term stability: In Example 3, the generator was tested for continuous operation, and micro-nano energy collection was performed every 2 hours, for a total of 10 times. The results showed that all components operated stably throughout the process, and the fluctuation of the power generation efficiency measurement value was minimal. This fully demonstrates that the micro-nano energy collection platform of the present invention has good reliability in the long-term and multiple collection processes, and can provide a stable testing and operating environment for the research and development and practical application of friction nanogenerators, which strongly supports the feasibility and value of the present invention in practical applications.

[0105] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetically suspended gap-adjustable friction nanogenerator based on 3D printing technology, characterized in that: include: A 3D printing structure, the 3D printing structure comprising a base, a column and an upper cover, wherein the base is connected to the column, and the column supports the upper cover and defines a movement direction of the upper cover; A magnetic suspension device, the magnetic suspension device comprising at least four permanent magnets, the permanent magnets being respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the base and the upper cover, so that the upper cover is suspended above the base; A height locking device, the height locking device comprising a plurality of insertable limiting members, the limiting members can be inserted into the hollow structure on the column to limit the vertical position of the upper cover; A friction nano power generation unit, the friction nano power generation unit includes at least one layer of a first friction material and at least one layer of a second friction material, the first friction material is fixed to the upper cover, the second friction material is fixed to the base, and the friction materials are respectively connected to the first electrode and the second electrode.

2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 3D printing structure is made of polylactic acid material, the base is a rectangular frame structure, and the number of columns is four and they are evenly distributed at the four corners of the base.

3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnets of the magnetic suspension device are made of neodymium iron boron material. The permanent magnets are arranged in magnet holes on the upper cover and the base, with the same poles facing each other to form a magnetic suspension force.

4. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height locking device includes four limiting members that can be inserted into the columns. The columns are provided with a plurality of hollow structures distributed along the axial direction. The limiting members are inserted into the hollow structures at different heights to limit the vertical position of the upper cover.

5. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first friction material of the friction nano power generation unit is thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and the second friction material is polydimethylsiloxane, wherein: The first friction material is manufactured by 3D printing and has a micro-nanostructure array on its surface; The second friction material is formed by liquid casting and matches the micro-nano structure of the first friction material after solidification.

6. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode and the second electrode of the friction nano power generation unit are made of a highly conductive metal material, the first electrode is connected to a first friction material, the second electrode is connected to a second friction material, and the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to an external load.

7. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cover of the 3D printing structure includes a plurality of magnet holes, and the magnet holes are used to fix the permanent magnets in the magnetic suspension device and maintain the magnetic suspension state when the upper cover moves.

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