Optimized rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an optimized rice seedling raising substrate. The optimized rice seedling raising substrate is prepared from fermented rice husks, a filler, a binder and the like, after appropriate rice hull fermentation treatment, the mechanical property of the substrate and the seedling property are remarkably improved.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of rice planting and seedling raising. Specifically, this application provides an optimized substrate for rice seedling raising and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the main food crops in most Asian countries including China. At present, the main planting method of rice in China is still transplanting after seedling raising.

[0003] Manual transplanting has deficiencies in terms of uniformity, etc., and more importantly, it requires a large amount of precious labor. Therefore, mechanical transplanting is an inevitable development trend for rice transplanting. Optimizing transplanting technology requires, on the one hand, optimizing the substrate composition to improve the growth state of seedlings; on the other hand, it also requires improving the mechanical properties of the substrate to meet the operation requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] On the one hand, this application provides an optimized substrate for rice seedling raising, and the optimized substrate for rice seedling raising comprises rice husks, a filler, and a binder.

[0005] Further, the filler is kaolin, and the binder is corn starch.

[0006] Further, the rice husks are fermented rice husks.

[0007] Further, the fermentation process is as follows:

[0008] Crush the rice husks and adjust the water content to 35 - 40 w / w%;

[0009] Prepare an inoculation solution using 3 - 10 w / v% brown sugar water, and the inoculation solution contains; Bacillus subtilis 1×10 6 CFU / mL, Zygosaccharomyces bailii 1×10 5 CFU / mL, Pichia Fermentans 1×10 5 CFU / mL and 0.1 - 0.3 w / v% calcium lactate;

[0010] Add the rice husks to a fermentation container, add the inoculation solution according to a total dosage of 10 - 20 mL / kg of wet weight of the rice husks, and ferment at an environmental temperature of 15 - 30°C for 7 - 15 days; manually turn the pile 1 - 3 times a day during fermentation; after fermentation, boil and sterilize with water, and dry for later use.

[0011] Further, add rice husks to the fermentation container, add the inoculation liquid at a total dosage of 15 mL / kg of wet weight of rice husks, and ferment for 10 days at an environmental temperature of 18 - 25 °C; manually turn the pile twice a day during fermentation; after fermentation, sterilize by boiling in water and dry for standby.

[0012] Further, the emulsifier is 0.2 w / v% calcium lactate.

[0013] Further, the optimized rice seedling raising substrate further includes one or more layers of seedling raising films.

[0014] Further, the optimized rice seedling raising substrate further includes one or more components selected from plant growth regulators, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, and acid regulators.

[0015] On the other hand, the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned optimized rice seedling raising substrate, and the method includes:

[0016] Mix the crushed rice husks, kaolin, and corn starch evenly according to a weight ratio of 12 - 16:1 - 3:1 - 2; add one or more components selected from plant growth regulators, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, and acid regulators; add a seedling raising tray.

[0017] Further, mix the crushed rice husks, kaolin, and corn starch evenly according to a weight ratio of 15:2:1.

[0018] On the other hand, the present application provides the application of the above-mentioned optimized rice seedling raising substrate in rice seedling raising.

[0019] In the embodiments of the present application, a 9-inch seedling raising tray (the standard inner size of the product on the market is 57 cm × 28 cm × 2.7 cm) is taken as an example for various experiments and calculations, and seedling raising trays of other sizes and shapes are also applicable after appropriate dosage calculations and adjustments.

[0020] The material of the seedling raising film is selected from plastic, linen, or non-woven fabric.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present application, a commercial strong seedling agent is used, which contains components such as fertilizers, growth regulators, acidifying agents, and fungicides. Those skilled in the art can also use commercially available single components for blending and adding according to requirements such as soil quality. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 shows the root-shoot dry weight ratio of groups A1 - A5;

[0023] Figure 2 shows the breaking tensile force of groups A1 - A5;

[0024] Figure 3 shows the root-shoot dry weight ratio of each group with the emulsifier added to the inoculation liquid;

[0025] Figure 4 The breaking tensile force of each group with emulsifier added to the inoculation liquid. Specific implementation mode

[0026] Basic preparation method of the seedling-raising substrate in Example 1

[0027] Main raw materials and equipment:

[0028] The rice husk raw material is provided by a grain processing enterprise in Jiangxi. After being crushed, it is boiled and sterilized (for 2 minutes) and then dried for standby.

[0029] The strong-seedling agent is provided by Harbin Green Zhongfang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0030] The carbendazim sterilizer is provided by Jinan Yimai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0031] The kaolin and corn starch raw materials are provided by Dongguan Chuangmeijia Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

[0032] The 9-inch seedling-raising tray (inner size: 57 cm × 28 cm × 2.7 cm, outer size: 60 cm × 30 cm × 3.3 cm) is a commercially available product on Taobao. There are 14×31 holes on the substrate in the tray.

[0033] Preparation method:

[0034] Mix the crushed rice husk, kaolin, and corn starch evenly according to the weight ratio of 15:2:1; add the strong-seedling agent according to the ratio of 0.8 w / w%; add the carbendazim sterilizer according to the ratio of 0.1 w / w%;

[0035] Put it into the seedling-raising tray and flatten it.

[0036] Seedling-raising method:

[0037] The experimental variety is the late rice Yongyou 1538. The precision seeder controls the seeding rate at 2 seeds per hole; the same standards are adopted for darkening emergence, placing the tray, and seedling-raising management at each stage.

[0038] Investigation indexes:

[0039] The following indexes are investigated at the 3-leaf and 1-heart stage:

[0040] Select 20 seedlings and measure the leaf area, maximum root length, number of roots, and root-shoot dry weight ratio.

[0041] Breaking tensile force of the substrate: Place a 25-cm square substrate block (5 replicates) horizontally and fix one end. Clamp the other end with a splint and pull it with a hand-held digital tensiometer until the substrate block breaks. The tensile force at the break is used as an index to measure the mechanical properties of the substrate. This index is affected by the cohesive force of the substrate itself and the root knotting force of the seedlings.

[0042] Example 2 Improvement of Seedling-raising Substrate - Fermentation Treatment of Rice Hulls

[0043] Main Raw Materials and Equipment:

[0044] EM Bacteria: Jinan Xinshunshida Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0045] Bacillus subtilis (nominal origin from ATCC 6051), Zygosaccharomyces bailii (nominal origin from CGMCC No. 2.311), Pichia Fermentans (nominal origin from CGMCC No. 2.404) were purchased from Kaiborui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] Experimental Process:

[0047] The rice hulls were crushed and sprayed with water to adjust the water content to 35 - 40 w / w%; the bacterial powder was formulated into a bacterial liquid with a suitable concentration using 5 w / v% brown sugar water as the inoculation liquid; the rice hulls were placed layer by layer into the fermentation container (a self-made fermentation tank with a volume of 1 m 3 ), and an appropriate amount of inoculation liquid was sprayed every time a layer was placed according to the total dosage of 15 mL / kg of wet weight of rice hulls, and fermented for 10 days at an environmental temperature of 18 - 25°C. During this period, the pile was manually turned over 2 times a day; after fermentation, it was sterilized by boiling for 2 minutes and dried for later use. The bacterial species in the inoculation liquid are shown in Table 1:

[0048] Table 1 Different Bacterial Species Ratios Verified

[0049]

[0050] The process and formula for substrate preparation and the seedling-raising process were the same as in Example 1.

[0051] In terms of the emergence rate, each group basically maintained at the level of 73 - 76%, and there was no significant difference.

[0052] In terms of leaf area, each variety was at a relatively suitable level of about 2.9 - 3.2.

[0053] The maximum root length and the number of roots are shown in Table 2. The root systems of compound bacterial agents A3 and A4 were generally better than those of other groups:

[0054] Table 2 Maximum Root Length and Number of Roots of Groups A1 - A5

[0055] Group Average maximum root length cm Average number of roots A1 8.45 9.5 A2 8.77 11.8 A3 9.22 12.4 A4 9.31 11.8 A5 8.41 9.1

[0056] Judging from the root-shoot dry weight ratio ( Figure 1 ), compound bacterial agents A3 and A4 reached a level of about 0.6, which was better than 0.55 - 0.57 of other groups.

[0057] In terms of the breaking tensile strength of the substrate ( Figure 2 ), when the rice husk is not treated, the mechanical properties of the substrate are significantly insufficient, which brings inconvenience to later operations such as rolling the blanket and transplanting seedlings (for example, it is easy to break when extracting the substrate); the fermentation treatment of A1 enhances this property; however, theoretically better (better root conditions) A3 and A4 have obvious deficiencies in this regard and are not better than the non-fermented situation. It is speculated that this may be due to certain effects of the yeast fermentation process on the physical properties of the substrate. According to the previous experiments, if more starch binders are added, on the one hand, the cost will increase significantly, and on the other hand, the physical property changes of the substrate will also affect the growth of the seedlings. The applicant attempts to improve the fermentation process to solve this problem.

[0058] Improvement of the seedling-raising substrate in Example 3 - adding emulsifiers

[0059] Main raw materials and equipment:

[0060] Calcium lactate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium stearate, Tween 20, and propylene glycol are all food-grade and are purchased from Hubei Haijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Shandong Xinxiong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0061] Experimental process:

[0062] Mix the emulsifiers shown in Table 2 into the preferred A3 and A4 inoculum formulations in Example 2

[0063] Table 2 Groups of inoculum with added emulsifiers

[0064] Group Emulsifier in the inoculum A3-1 0.2 w / v% calcium lactate A3-2 0.2 w / v% sodium tripolyphosphate A3-3 0.2 w / v% potassium stearate A3-4 0.1 w / v% Tween 20 A3-5 0.2 w / v% propylene glycol A4-1 0.2 w / v% calcium lactate A4-2 0.2 w / v% sodium tripolyphosphate A4-3 0.2 w / v% potassium stearate A4-4 0.1 w / v% Tween 20 A5-5 0.2 w / v% propylene glycol

[0065] The substrate preparation process, formula, and seedling-raising process are the same as in Example 1, and the fermentation process is the same as in Example 2.

[0066] In terms of the emergence rate, each group basically maintained at the level of 73 - 78%.

[0067] In terms of leaf area, each variety was at a relatively suitable level of about 2.9 - 3.3.

[0068] The maximum root length and the number of roots are similar to those in the A3 and A4 groups, at about 9.3 and 11 - 12, and the Tween combined with propylene glycol group is lower, at about 8.2 and 9.5.

[0069] In terms of the root-shoot dry weight ratio ( Figure 3 ), A3-1 reached about 0.65, which was significantly higher than about 0.59 when no emulsifier was added, and the seedlings were stronger. The 0.63 of A4-1 was also better than about 0.61 before. Adding Tween 20 and propylene glycol during fermentation had an obvious adverse effect on the growth of the roots in the substrate.

[0070] In terms of the breaking tensile strength of the substrate ( Figure 4) Although it is not yet clear whether it is due to changes in the substrate or the emulsifier itself, adding 0.2 w / v% calcium lactate to the inoculation liquids of Bacillus subtilis and two yeast strains A3-1 significantly improved the mechanical properties of the substrate, which was significantly better than other groups including the EM microbial inoculum. Considering the increase in the weight of the substrate blocks after planting and the relatively intense movements that are inevitable during operation, the breaking tensile force at this level can significantly simplify the operating pressure of the substrate blocks and reduce operation interruptions caused by breakage.

Claims

1. A rice seedling cultivation optimized matrix, the rice seedling cultivation optimized matrix comprising rice husk, a filler, and a binder.

2. The rice seedling cultivation optimized matrix according to claim 1, wherein the filler is kaolin and the binder is corn starch.

3. The rice seedling cultivation optimized matrix according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rice husk is fermented rice husk.

4. The rice seedling cultivation optimized matrix according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation treatment process is: The rice husk is crushed and the moisture content is adjusted to 35-40w / w%; The inoculation solution was prepared using 3-10 w / v% brown sugar water, wherein the inoculation solution contained: 1×10 6 CFU / mL, Bayer yeast (Zygosaccharomycesbailii) 1×10 5 CFU / mL, Pichia Fermentans 1×10 5 CFU / mL and 0.1-0.3w / v% calcium lactate; Add rice husks into a fermentation container, add inoculum in a total amount of 10-20 mL / kg of rice husk wet weight, and ferment at an ambient temperature of 15-30°C for 7-15 days; turn the pile manually 1-3 times a day during the fermentation period; after fermentation, boil and sterilize, and dry in the sun for later use.

5. The optimized rice seedling raising matrix according to claim 4, wherein during the fermentation process, rice husks are added to a fermentation container, an inoculum is added in a total amount of 15 mL / kg of the wet weight of the rice husks, and the fermentation is carried out at an ambient temperature of 18-25° C. for 10 days; the pile is manually turned twice a day during the fermentation period; after fermentation, the pile is boiled for sterilization and dried for later use. The optimized substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 4 , wherein the emulsifier is 0.2 w / v % calcium lactate.

7. The rice seedling raising optimized matrix according to claim 1, further comprising one or more layers of rice seedling raising films.

8. The rice seedling raising optimized matrix according to claim 1, further comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of plant growth regulators, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and acid regulators.

9. The method for preparing the optimized substrate for raising rice seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: Rice husk, kaolin and corn starch are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 12-16:1-3:1-2; one or more components selected from plant growth regulators, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and acid regulators are added; and a seedling tray is added.

10. Use of the optimized rice seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in rice seedling raising.

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