Waste plastic granulation integrated device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resourceful treatment, in particular to a waste plastic granulation integrated device. The waste plastic granulation integrated device comprises a supporting frame, a supporting table, a supporting assembly, a crushing and compacting machine, an air conveying system, a storage assembly, a cleaning plate and a labor-saving assembly, the top end of the supporting frame is fixedly connected with a belt conveyor, the supporting assembly is installed at the bottom end of the supporting table, and the bottom end of the crushing and compacting machine is installed at the top end of the supporting table; a modified grain bin is installed on one side of the crushing and compacting machine, the crushing and compacting machine is connected with the belt conveyor through a fixing assembly, and an extruder is installed at the discharging position of the crushing and compacting machine. According to the invention, multifunctional full-automatic low-energy-consumption granulation regeneration of waste films / sheet plastics can be realized, new equipment and technical support are provided for recycling of waste plastic resources, sundries on the belt can be cleaned by utilizing the power of belt movement, additional manual cleaning is not needed, the cleaning efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource processing, and in particular to an integrated device for granulating waste plastics. Background Art

[0002] The main types of waste plastics include general-purpose plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and others such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU) and ABS waste plastics. According to statistics, the annual production of waste plastics in my country in 2023 will be about 62 million tons, of which about 19 million tons will be recycled, with a recycling rate of only 30%, and about 43 million tons will be landfilled and incinerated. There is still broad room for development in the market for recycling and reuse of waste plastics.

[0003] Mechanical recycling is one of the most widely used methods for resource utilization of waste plastics. First, the waste plastics are cleaned, crushed, dehydrated, dried and other processes are carried out to remove impurities and moisture. The plastic is melted and extruded into strips, and then pelletized to obtain recycled plastic particles. The particles can be used as raw materials for deep processing and used in the manufacture of pipes, plastic containers, etc. The equipment includes: cleaning machines, crushers, screen dehydrators, extruders, etc. In this process, the recycled materials can be modified by mechanical blending or chemical grafting so that the produced plastic products meet the specified standards. Mechanical recycling is one of the popular directions and trends in the treatment of waste plastics, but the existing equipment and processes still face some problems. 1. The degree of automation of the equipment is low, the degree of connection and coupling between equipment is low, and some processes require manual transition, which increases costs and is inefficient; 2. The process is cumbersome. For example, the existing process requires multiple devices to perform multi-stage crushing when crushing materials. When the materials are put into the extruder, air and moisture will enter, affecting the density and tensile strength of the product. The modification operation can only be carried out in the secondary regeneration; 3. Due to the complicated process or the structure of the equipment itself, the adjustable range of the equipment is limited, such as the crushing cutter disc angle, extruder zone temperature, water ring pelletizing speed, etc., resulting in a limited range of materials that can be processed. When the conveyor belt transports the waste plastic to the compactor, the debris carried by the waste plastic itself will adhere to the conveyor belt, which requires manual cleaning, reducing the cleaning efficiency and increasing labor costs.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new integrated device for granulating waste plastics to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated device for granulating waste plastics.

[0006] An integrated device for granulating waste plastics provided by the present invention includes: a support frame, a support platform, a support component, a crushing and compaction machine, a pneumatic conveying system, a storage component, a cleaning plate, and a labor-saving component. A belt conveyor is fixedly connected to the top end of the support frame. A support component is installed at the bottom end of the support platform. The bottom end of the crushing and compaction machine is installed at the top end of the support platform. A modified granary is installed on one side of the crushing and compaction machine. The crushing and compaction machine and the belt conveyor are connected by a fixing component. An extruder is installed at the feeding place of the crushing and compaction machine. A screen changer is installed outside the extruder. A water ring granulator is installed at the discharging place of the extruder. A pneumatic conveying system is installed directly below the water ring granulator. A vertical dehydrator is installed on the side of the pneumatic conveying system close to the water ring granulator. A fan is provided in the pneumatic conveying system. A vibrating screen is arranged on the side close to the fan in the pneumatic conveying system. A storage component is arranged directly below the output end of the fan of the pneumatic conveying system. A cleaning plate is arranged at the position of the support frame directly below the belt conveyor. A labor-saving component is installed at the bottom end of the cleaning plate.

[0007] Preferably, the support component includes a plurality of support legs. The top ends of the plurality of support legs are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support platform. A gasket is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support leg.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing component includes a plurality of bolts. The plurality of bolts are threadedly connected to the connection part between the belt conveyor and the crushing and compaction machine. A nut is threadedly connected to the outside of the bolt.

[0009] Preferably, the storage component includes a granary. The feeding port of the granary corresponds to the position directly below the output end of the fan of the pneumatic conveying system. A plurality of support legs are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the granary.

[0010] Preferably, the labor-saving component includes a plurality of sliding rods. The top ends of the plurality of sliding rods are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cleaning plate. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod. A load-bearing plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the support frame. A limiting block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding rod. A scraping plate is fixedly connected to one side of the cleaning plate.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of universal wheels are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support frame.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cleaning plate, and the other end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the load-bearing plate.

[0013] Preferably, the outside of the sliding rod is slidably connected to the inside of the load-bearing plate.

[0014] Compared with the related technology, an integrated device for granulating waste plastics provided by the present invention has the following

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention solves many problems existing in traditional plastic pelletizing equipment and processes, such as: low degree of equipment automation, low degree of connection and coupling between equipment, cumbersome processes, limited adjustable range of equipment, limited range of materials that can be processed, etc. It upgrades and streamlines the existing equipment and processes, and can realize multi-functional, fully automatic, and low-energy-consumption pelletizing and regeneration of waste films / sheet plastics, providing new equipment and technical support for the recycling and utilization of waste plastic resources.

[0017] In the pretreatment stage, a belt conveyor is used to convey waste plastic materials. During the conveying process, the belt can automatically contact the scraper and cleaning plate installed on the support frame. By using the power of the belt movement, the sundries on the belt can be cleaned without additional manual cleaning, improving the cleaning efficiency and saving labor costs. Moreover, when the belt contacts the scraper and cleaning plate, the spring is stressed to generate a resilience force, enabling the scraper and cleaning plate to contact the belt more effectively, thus ensuring the cleaning effect of the sundries on the belt. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated waste plastic pelletizing device provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the crushing and compaction machine shown in;

[0020] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the belt conveyor shown in;

[0021] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of part A in.

[0022] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, support frame; 2, universal wheel; 3, belt conveyor; 4, support table; 5, support leg; 6, gasket; 7, crushing and compaction machine; 8, modified material bin; 9, bolt; 10, nut; 11, extruder; 12, screen changer; 13, water ring pelletizer; 14, pneumatic conveying system; 15, vertical dehydrator; 16, vibrating screen; 17, granary; 18, leg; 19, load-bearing plate; 20, sliding rod; 21, spring; 22, limit block; 23, cleaning plate; 24, scraper. Detailed Embodiments

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , an integrated waste plastic pelletizing device, which includes: a support frame 1 and a support table 4. At the bottom end of the support frame 1, a plurality of universal wheels 2 are fixedly connected. At the top end of the support frame 1, a belt conveyor 3 is fixedly connected. The belt conveyor 3 undertakes the key task of transporting waste plastic materials to subsequent equipment. Its characteristics of being able to rotate forward and backward and adjust the speed can flexibly adjust the conveying speed and direction according to the production rhythm and material characteristics, ensuring the stable and efficient transportation of materials. A support component is installed at the bottom end of the support table 4. The support component includes a plurality of support legs 5. The top ends of the plurality of support legs 5 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support table 4. The top ends of the plurality of support legs 5 are firmly fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support table 4, providing a stable support foundation for the support table 4. At the bottom end of the support leg 5, a gasket 6 is fixedly connected. The gasket 6 increases the contact area between the support leg 5 and the ground, disperses the pressure of the equipment on the ground, prevents the ground from being damaged due to long-term bearing of the equipment weight, and further enhances the stability of the entire device when placed;

[0026] The crushing and densifying machine 7 has an automatic water spraying function. According to different materials, the required water spraying time and limited temperature are set. Inside the crushing and densifying machine 11, there is a special cutter head, a diversion groove and a bottom cavity structure. The special cutter head includes a moving cutter and a fixed cutter. The moving cutter is a conical structure. The distance between the moving cutter and the fixed cutter is 8 - 15 mm, and the rotational speed of the moving cutter is 10 - 15 rpm. During the high-speed rotation process, the plastic is sheared into strip-shaped fragments. The diversion groove structure is beneficial for the material fragments to enter the bottom cavity structure under the action of centrifugal rotation, making the material denser. The bottom cavity structure is connected to the first section of the extruder. The crushed and compacted material is further densified here, and the contained air and moisture are greatly reduced, improving the product quality. The bottom end of the crushing and densifying machine 7 is installed at the top end of the support table 4. On one side of the crushing and densifying machine 7, a modified granary 8 is installed, which forms a side feeding system in combination with a negative pressure device. The modifier is sucked into the crushing and densifying machine by negative pressure and is crushed and mixed with the material synchronously to achieve pre-modification treatment. The modifier is prepared by mixing and drying plastic A, inorganic filler B, and organic solvents C and D. It can contact and crosslink with the material during the mixing and extrusion processes. The modified granary 8 and the crushing and densifying machine 7 work together, and the modifier is sucked into the crushing and densifying machine 7 by negative pressure and is crushed and mixed evenly with the plastic to achieve pre-modification treatment of the material and improve the performance of the final product. The crushing and densifying machine 7 and the belt conveyor 3 are connected through a fixing component;

[0027] The fixing components include multiple bolts 9. The multiple bolts 9 are threadedly connected to the connection between the belt conveyor 3 and the crushing and compaction machine 7. Nuts 10 are threadedly connected to the outer threads of the bolts 9. This stable connection method ensures the reliable docking between the belt conveyor 3 and the crushing and compaction machine 7. An extruder 11 is installed at the material discharge outlet of the crushing and compaction machine 7. The extruder 11 is responsible for melting and extruding the materials after being cut and compacted by the crushing and compaction machine 7. Its adjustable speed function can accurately control the extrusion speed of the materials according to the state of the materials and production requirements to meet the needs of different production processes. A cloth bag dust removal and negative pressure deodorization device is provided at the connection between the main machine and the auxiliary machine of the extruder 11 to collect and process the odors released during the melting process of the materials, improving the product quality and the air quality in the workshop. A screen changer 12 is installed outside the extruder 11. The screen changer 12 can filter the materials extruded by the extruder 11, effectively removing impurities in the materials and ensuring the quality of subsequent products. A water ring pelletizer 13 is installed at the discharge outlet of the extruder 11. The water ring pelletizer 13 adopts an adjustable speed design of 0 - 3000 r / min and is suitable for pelletizing various materials, ensuring no adhesion phenomenon during the pelletizing process, making the obtained pellets regular in shape and smooth on the surface, and completing the transformation from materials to pellets;

[0028] Air conveying system 14. An air conveying system 14 is installed directly below the water ring pelletizer 13. A vertical dehydrator 15 is installed on one side of the air conveying system 14 close to the water ring pelletizer 13. The vertical dehydrator 15 performs centrifugal dehydration on the pellets cut by the water ring pelletizer 13 to remove the moisture on the surface of the pellets, preparing for subsequent storage and use. A blower is provided inside the air conveying system 14. A vibrating screen 16 is arranged on one side of the air conveying system 14 close to the blower. The vibrating screen 16 vibrates and screens the pelletized particles, screening out the particles that meet the specifications. Through the wind force of the blower, the air conveying system 14 conveys the qualified pellet products to the storage components. Storage components. The air conveying system 14 is provided with storage components directly below the output end of the blower. The storage components include a granary 17. The inlet of the granary 17 corresponds to the position directly below the output end of the blower of the air conveying system 14. Multiple legs 18 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the granary 17;

[0029] Cleaning plate 23, when the support frame 1 is positioned directly below the belt conveyor 3, a cleaning plate 23 is provided, and a labor-saving component is installed at the bottom end of the cleaning plate 23. The labor-saving component includes a plurality of sliding rods 20. The top ends of the plurality of sliding rods 20 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cleaning plate 23, and a spring 21 is sleeved outside the sliding rod 20. At the same time, a load-bearing plate 19 is fixedly connected to the outside of the support frame 1, and the outside of the sliding rod 20 is slidably connected to the inside of the load-bearing plate 19. A limiting block 22 is also fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding rod 20. When the belt conveyor 3 operates, the belt will contact the scraper 24 fixedly connected to one side of the cleaning plate 23. With the power of the belt movement, the scraper 24 can clean the sundries on the belt. During the cleaning process, the spring 21 is stressed to generate a resilience force, so that the scraper 24 and the cleaning plate 23 can contact the belt more closely and effectively, ensuring the high efficiency of the cleaning effect. The sliding rod 20 plays a role in preventing the spring 21 from deforming due to left and right shaking when stressed, effectively ensuring that the cleaning work can be carried out stably and continuously.

[0030] The working principle of an integrated device for waste plastic pelletizing provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0031] First, for pretreatment, the waste plastic materials are conveyed to the crushing and densifying machine 7 by means of a belt conveyor. The belt conveyor has specific parameters. The feeding speed is between 0.5 - 1 m / s, the width is 0.85 m, and the depth of the baffle reaches 400 mm. In actual operation examples, whether it is a 50 kg polypropylene material packaging bag or a polyethylene material agricultural film, they are all conveyed to the crushing and densifying machine 7 at a conveying speed of 8 m / s by the belt conveyor. During the movement of the belt conveyor, the belt will contact the scraper 24 and the cleaning plate 23 installed on the support frame, which can clean the sundries on the belt by using the power of the belt movement. And during the contact between the belt and the scraper 24 and the cleaning plate 23, the spring 21 will be stressed, and the sliding rod 20 will move inside the load-bearing plate 19. The spring 21 being stressed provides a resilience force so that the scraper 24 and the cleaning plate 23 can effectively contact the belt for cleaning. Then the sliding rod 20 provides that the spring 21 will not deform due to left and right shaking when stressed.

[0032] Then, it is processed by the crushing and compaction machine 7. The internal structure of the crushing and compaction machine 7 is exquisitely designed, with a special cutter head, a diversion groove and a bottom cavity structure. The special cutter head includes a moving cutter and a fixed cutter, and the moving cutter is conical. When processing plastics of different materials, the rotational speed of the moving cutter can reach 10 - 15 rpm. For example, when processing polypropylene bags and polyethylene agricultural films, the rotational speed of the moving cutter is 15 rpm, and the distance between the moving cutter and the fixed cutter is maintained at 8 - 15 mm. The high-speed rotating moving cutter shears the plastic into strip-shaped fragments with a length of less than 10 cm. The diversion groove structure causes the material fragments to enter the bottom cavity structure under the action of centrifugal rotation, realizing the preliminary compaction of the material. The bottom cavity structure is connected to the first section of the extruder 11, where the material is further compacted, and the air and moisture contained in it are significantly reduced, laying a foundation for improving product quality. In addition, the modified material bin 8 installed outside the crushing and compaction machine 7 can suck the modifier into the crushing and compaction machine 7 through negative pressure, making it crushed and mixed with the material synchronously to achieve pre-modification, endowing the product with multifunctional properties and uses. During operation, if the temperature of the crushing and compaction machine 7 rises abnormally, for example, after processing polypropylene bags for 0.5 h, the temperature exceeds 125 °C and continues to rise, at this time, the speed of the extruder 11 can be increased, such as raising the screw rotational speed to 80 r / min, and the speed of the extruder 11 can be adjusted to more than 80% of the rated speed to take away excessive heat.

[0033] Subsequently, two-stage melting and plasticization are carried out: After the material enters the extruder 11, it undergoes two-stage melting processes. In the first-stage melting zone, the required feed humidity is less than 6%, the screw rotational speed range is 0 - 140 r / min, the screw length-diameter ratio is 30, and it is subdivided into a feeding zone at 180 - 200 °C, a plasticization zone at 250 - 280 °C, an exhaust zone at 250 - 280 °C, and an extrusion zone at 230 - 260 °C; in the second-stage melting zone, the feed humidity is less than 3%, the screw rotational speed is 0 - 100 r / min, the screw length-diameter ratio is 10, and it is divided into a feeding zone at 230 - 260 °C, a plasticization zone at 240 - 280 °C, and an extrusion zone at 230 - 260 °C. When processing polypropylene bags and polyethylene agricultural films, the temperatures of each section of the extruder 11 are set to 180 °C, 260 °C, 270 °C, 280 °C, 270 °C, 250 °C, meeting the corresponding temperature range requirements of the first-stage melting zone and the second-stage melting zone. The material after melting and plasticization is extruded from the extruder 11 and granulated by an adjustable-speed water ring granulation device. The aperture of this device is 3.2 mm, and the rotational speed is 0 - 3000 r / min. It is applicable to a variety of materials. When processing polypropylene bags and polyethylene agricultural films, the rotational speed is set to 3000 rpm, which can ensure no adhesion phenomenon during the granulation process. The obtained particles have regular shapes and smooth surfaces, and finally form recycled plastic particles.

[0034] Then, a vertical dehydrator 15 is used to perform centrifugal dehydration on the recycled pellets to remove the moisture on the particle surface. Subsequently, a vibrating screen 16 is employed to conduct vibration screening on the pelletized particles, and the qualified particle products are conveyed to the silo for storage and standby through a blower, thus completing the entire waste plastic recycling process and realizing the transformation of waste plastic from raw material to recycled product.

[0035] Case 1:

[0036] Select a packaging bag made of polypropylene as the material to be processed. A 50-kg polypropylene bag is sent to the crushing and densifying machine 7 by the belt conveyor 3 at a conveying speed of 8 m / s. Inside the crushing and densifying machine 7, the polypropylene bag is cut by the moving knife and the fixed knife, and the moving knife rotates at 15 rpm to form strip-shaped fragments with a length less than 10 cm. After operating for 0.5 h, the temperature of the crushing and densifying machine 7 exceeds 125 °C and continues to rise. At this time, the speed of the extruder 11 is increased, and the screw rotates at 80 r / min to take away the excessive hot material. Meanwhile, the speed of the extruder 11 is increased to more than 80% of the rated speed. The temperatures of each section of the extruder 11 are 180 °C, 260 °C, 270 °C, 280 °C, 270 °C, and 250 °C respectively. The number of meshes of the screen at the end of the extruder 11 is 80 meshes, and the water ring pelletizer 13 rotates at 3000 rpm to obtain recycled polypropylene particles, followed by centrifugal dehydration and vibration screening to obtain the product;

[0037] Case 2:

[0038] Select an agricultural film made of polyethylene as the material to be processed. A 50-kg polyethylene agricultural film is sent to the crushing and densifying machine 7 by the belt conveyor 3 at a conveying speed of 8 m / s. Inside the crushing and densifying machine 7, the polyethylene bag is cut by the moving knife and the fixed knife, and the moving knife rotates at 15 rpm to form strip-shaped fragments with a length less than 10 cm. The temperatures of each section of the extruder 11 are 180 °C, 260 °C, 270 °C, 280 °C, 270 °C, and 250 °C respectively. The number of meshes of the screen at the end of the extruder 11 is 80 meshes, and the water ring pelletizer 13 rotates at 3000 rpm to obtain recycled polyethylene particles, followed by centrifugal dehydration and vibration screening to obtain the product.

[0039] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for granulating waste plastics, characterized in that: include: A support frame (1) and a support platform (4), wherein the top end of the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to a belt conveyor (3); A support assembly, wherein the bottom end of the support platform (4) is provided with a support assembly; A crushing and compacting machine (7), wherein the bottom end of the crushing and compacting machine (7) is mounted on the top end of the support platform (4), a modified grain silo (8) is mounted on one side of the crushing and compacting machine (7), the crushing and compacting machine (7) is connected to the belt conveyor (3) via a fixed component, an extruder (11) is mounted at the unloading portion of the crushing and compacting machine (7), a screen changer (12) is mounted outside the extruder (11), and a water ring pelletizer (13) is mounted at the discharging portion of the extruder (11); An air delivery system (14) is installed directly below the water ring pelletizer (13), a vertical dehydrator (15) is installed on the side of the air delivery system (14) close to the water ring pelletizer (13), a fan is arranged in the air delivery system (14), and a vibrating screen (16) is arranged on the side of the air delivery system (14) close to the fan; A storage component is provided directly below the end of the air delivery system (14) outputted through the fan; A cleaning plate (23), wherein the support frame (1) is provided with a cleaning plate (23) at a position directly below the belt conveyor (3); A labor-saving component is installed at the bottom end of the cleaning plate (23).

2. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly comprises a plurality of support legs (5), the top ends of the plurality of support legs (5) are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the support platforms (4), and the bottom ends of the support legs (5) are fixedly connected to gaskets (6).

3. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing assembly comprises a plurality of bolts (9), wherein the connection points between the plurality of bolts (9) and the belt conveyor (3) and the crushing and compacting machine (7) are threadedly connected, and the external threads of the bolts (9) are connected with nuts (10).

4. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage component comprises a granary (17), the feed inlet of the granary (17) corresponds to a position directly below an end of the air delivery system (14) output through a fan, and a plurality of legs (18) are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the granary (17).

5. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The labor-saving component comprises a plurality of sliding rods (20), the top ends of the plurality of sliding rods (20) are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the cleaning plates (23), the outer sleeves of the sliding rods (20) are provided with springs (21), the outer portion of the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to a loading plate (19), the bottom ends of the sliding rods (20) are fixedly connected to a limiting block (22), and one side of the cleaning plate (23) is fixedly connected to a scraper (24).

6. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of universal wheels (2) are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support frame (1).

7. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the sliding rod (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cleaning plate (23), and the other end of the sliding rod (20) is fixedly connected to the top end of the loading plate (19).

8. The integrated device for granulating waste plastics according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outside of the sliding rod (20) is slidably connected to the inside of the loading plate (19).

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