A self - adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for transformer coil winding

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of transformer production, and specifically relates to a tension self-adaptive adjustment mechanism for winding a transformer coil, including: a coil skeleton, a driving shaft, a wire winding frame, a wire winding cylinder, a tension adjustment component, a synchronous cam, a positioning ring, an opening and closing switch, a tension response component, a damping shell, a mounting rod, a damping disc, a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, a damping lining, a wire arranging component, a wire arranging motor, a motor frame, and a wire arranging lead screw; in the single full-circle winding of the coil skeleton, the phase correspondence relationship between the contour of the four-leaf structure of the synchronous cam coaxial with the coil skeleton and the four edges of the coil skeleton ensures that four tension peak value adjustments are completed within each winding cycle, achieving self-adaptive matching of the winding tension to the change in the skeleton contour. Not only is no manual intervention required anymore, but the deviation rate of the interlayer tightness during the coil winding process can also be further reduced, thus bringing unique technical advantages to the transformer production of enterprises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transformer production, and specifically to an adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for transformer coil winding. Background Art

[0002] As the central nervous system of modern power systems, transformers have always been key equipment in the field of electric energy transmission and distribution since they were put into use at the end of the 19th century. In power transmission, transformers significantly reduce line losses in long-distance power transmission by stepping up the voltage, and then, in the distribution link, convert high-voltage electricity into safe voltages suitable for industrial and civil use through multi-stage step-down transformers, making cross-regional power allocation possible. With the development of new energy, transformers also play a key role in the grid connection of wind energy and solar energy, and help smart grids achieve dynamic voltage regulation.

[0003] A transformer mainly consists of an iron core laminated by high-permeability silicon steel sheets, a coil winding wound by copper or aluminum wires, and an insulation system and cooling device that wrap the coil and are isolated from the iron core to ensure electrical isolation and heat dissipation. During the coil winding process of the transformer, the winding needs to be fixed at the starting position of the coil skeleton through a lead piece at the end of the wire, and then the wire is arranged layer by layer evenly and tightly on the coil skeleton. Insulating paper composed of a composite of polyester film and non-woven fabric is laid between layers to enhance the insulation performance and prevent leakage inductance. After the coil winding is completed, the end wire is crimped by a hydraulic crimper and then impregnated with epoxy resin, and after curing, an end encapsulation with a mechanical strength of more than 80 Mpa is formed.

[0004] During the above-mentioned transformer coil winding process, maintaining the constancy of the wire tension is a key technical index to ensure the electrical performance and mechanical reliability of the coil. Most small and medium-sized transformer production enterprises still rely on manual tension adjustment, and the operator adjusts the wire release resistance by hand feeling. Actual tests show that the wire tension fluctuates greatly under manual control. Although some enterprises use a tensioner to provide tension control for the wire to liberate the labor force, they lack the ability of dynamic tension compensation. When the coil frame is of an elliptical or rectangular structure, during the winding process, the bending radius of the wire at the corner decreases sharply, and the local bending stress increases significantly. At this time, the wire needs a greater tension to resist deformation to avoid slack or deviation from the winding path. However, the tension provided by the tensioner for the wire does not change correspondingly, which will inevitably lead to abnormal wire spacing in the coil wire, and the rework rate of the enterprise surges. Industry statistics show that the coil rewinding due to tension problems accounts for 18%-25% of the total working hours, and the single-unit winding time of 500 kV transformers may be extended by more than 30 hours accordingly.

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for transformer coil winding. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A transformer coil winding tension self-adaptive adjustment mechanism of the present invention includes a box body and a wire winding frame. A driving mechanism is installed inside the box body, and a coil skeleton is fixedly connected to the driving shaft extending outside the box body of the driving mechanism; A wire winding cylinder is sleeved on the wire winding frame, and a wire for winding on the coil skeleton is wound around the side wall of the wire winding cylinder;

[0007] It further includes:

[0008] A tension adjustment assembly, and the tension adjustment assembly includes:

[0009] A synchronous cam, and the synchronous cam is fixedly connected to the driving shaft together with the coil skeleton;

[0010] A positioning ring, the positioning ring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box body, an opening and closing switch is elastically installed on the upper side of the positioning ring, and the part of the opening and closing switch extending out of the side wall of the positioning ring is hemispherical. The synchronous cam controls the movement of the tension response assembly by pressing the opening and closing switch during rotation;

[0011] The tension response assembly is installed on the wire winding frame, and the tension response assembly increases the tension on the wire during the winding process by increasing the resistance to the wire winding cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the synchronous cam is a four-lobe cam with four convex corners, and the contour phase of the synchronous cam is strictly matched with the shape and rotation position of the coil skeleton.

[0013] Preferably, a damping shell is fixedly connected to one end of the wire winding cylinder close to the side wall of the wire winding frame, and the damping shell covers the tension response assembly inside. The tension response assembly includes:

[0014] Mounting rods, and a pair of mounting rods are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the side wall of the wire winding frame;

[0015] Damping disks, and the damping disks are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the mounting rods by inserting the lower ends thereof on the mounting rods;

[0016] A two-way hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the two-way hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the side wall of the wire winding frame, and the piston rods at both ends of the two-way hydraulic cylinder are respectively abutted against the side walls of the adjacent damping disks. The telescoping of the piston rods of the two-way hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the opening and closing switch.

[0017] Preferably, a damping lining is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the damping disk, and the damping lining is made of a ceramic particle-reinforced copper-based composite material.

[0018] Preferably, a wire management assembly is installed between the coil skeleton and the wire winding cylinder, and the wire management assembly includes:

[0019] A wire-management motor, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box through a motor frame and drives the wire-management screw to rotate;

[0020] A wire management frame, wherein the wire management frame performs axial reciprocating motion along the wire management screw under the action of the wire management screw and two guide rods fixedly connected to the motor frame;

[0021] A wire management box, the wire management box is fixedly connected to the wire management frame, and a wire management groove having the same width as the wire is opened on the wire management box along the pulling direction of the wire;

[0022] Tension wheels, after the wires are pulled out of the wire management box, the tension wheels arranged in an interlaced manner on the wire management frame provide basic tension for the wires.

[0023] Preferably, the cable management rack is also rotatably connected to a tension swing arm, the end of the tension swing arm is rotatably connected to a tension flywheel, and the side of the tension swing arm facing away from the wire is rotatably connected to an adaptive spring group fixedly connected to the cable management rack.

[0024] Preferably, the adaptive spring group includes a combination of at least one compression spring and a disc spring, wherein the compression spring provides low stiffness buffering in the early stage of deflection of the tension swing arm, and the disc spring provides high stiffness to suppress overshoot in the late stage of deflection.

[0025] Preferably, the preload force of the compression spring is adjustable, and the spring rate of the disc spring is 3-5 times that of the compression spring to adapt to the tension requirements of different coil wires.

[0026] Preferably, a rolling guide rail higher than the coil frame is fixedly connected to the side of the wire management rack closest to the coil frame, and a tension flywheel is rollingly connected to the rolling guide rail.

[0027] Preferably, tapered guide edges are fixedly connected to both sides of the tension flywheel, and the guide edges have an inclination angle of 30°-45°, which is used to limit the lateral deviation of the wire.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. During a single full-turn winding of the coil bobbin, the phase correspondence between the profile of the four-leaf structure of the synchronous cam, which rotates coaxially with the coil bobbin, and the four edges of the coil bobbin ensures that four tension peak adjustments are completed within each winding cycle, achieving adaptive matching of the winding tension to the changes in the bobbin profile. This not only eliminates the need for manual intervention, but also further reduces the inter-layer tightness deviation rate during the coil winding process, thereby bringing unique technical advantages to the company's transformer production.

[0030] 2. When the coil bobbin is wound to the corner position, the tension on the wire suddenly changes. The tension flywheel on the tension swing arm is pulled by the wire, driving the tension swing arm to deflect rapidly. The compression spring first absorbs the initial impact. As the swing arm rotation angle increases, the disc spring comes into play and effectively suppresses the oscillation of the tension swing arm when the wire tension suddenly changes. During the whole process, kinetic energy is dissipated step by step through the gradual change of stiffness, avoiding the system resonance caused by the sudden change of a single spring stiffness. The spatial misalignment design between the tension swing arm rotating shaft and the pin shaft of the adaptive spring group forms a lever arm difference between the rotational torque and the elastic reaction torque, and also amplifies the mechanical perception sensitivity of the mechanism to small tension fluctuations. The staff can directly observe the tension change of the transformer coil wire at this time by observing the deflection degree of the tension swing arm, which greatly facilitates the staff's observation of the operation of the mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the tension adjustment component and its related structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the wire winding cylinder and its related structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the tension response component and its related structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of the wire arranging component and its related structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 is the three-dimensional structural sectional view of the rolling guide rail and its related structure of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1, box body; 2, coil bobbin; 3, drive shaft; 4, wire winding frame; 5, wire winding cylinder; 6, tension adjustment component; 7, synchronous cam; 8, positioning ring; 9, opening and closing switch; 10, tension response component; 11, damping shell; 12, mounting rod; 13, damping disc; 14, double-acting hydraulic cylinder; 15, damping lining; 16, wire arranging component; 17, wire arranging motor; 18, motor frame; 19, wire arranging lead screw; 20, wire arranging frame; 21, guide rod; 22, wire arranging box; 23, tension wheel; 24, tension swing arm; 25, tension flywheel; 26, adaptive spring group; 27, compression spring; 28, disc spring; 29, rolling guide rail; 30, guide edge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0039] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification and specific embodiments.

[0040] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a transformer coil winding tension adaptive adjustment mechanism, including a box body 1 and a wire winding frame 4. A driving mechanism is installed in the box body 1, and a coil skeleton 2 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 3 extending out of the box body 1; a wire winding cylinder 5 is sleeved on the wire winding frame 4, and a wire for winding on the coil skeleton 2 is wound around the side wall of the wire winding cylinder 5;

[0041] It further includes:

[0042] A tension adjustment component 6, and the tension adjustment component 6 includes:

[0043] A synchronous cam 7, and the synchronous cam 7 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 3 together with the coil skeleton 2;

[0044] A positioning ring 8, and the positioning ring 8 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box body 1. An opening and closing switch 9 is elastically installed on the upper side of the positioning ring 8. The part of the opening and closing switch 9 extending out of the side wall of the positioning ring 8 is hemispherical. The synchronous cam 7 controls the movement of the tension response component 10 by pressing the opening and closing switch 9 during rotation;

[0045] The tension response component 10 is installed on the wire winding frame 4, and the tension response component 10 increases the tension on the wire during the winding process by increasing the resistance to the wire winding cylinder 5.

[0046] As an embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous cam 7 is a four-leaf cam with four convex corners, and the contour phase of the synchronous cam 7 is strictly matched with the shape and rotation position of the coil skeleton 2.

[0047] When winding the coil of a transformer, the wire tension is manually adjusted only by adjusting the wire-releasing resistance by the operator's hand feel. It is often difficult to change the matching tension parameters in time when switching between the corner and plane areas of the skeleton. For this reason, a tension adjustment component 6 is added to the inner section of the drive shaft 3 located in the box body 1, wherein the synchronous cam 7 is coaxially fixed to the drive shaft 3 with the coil skeleton 2, and its four convex corners strictly correspond to the four edge turning points of the outer contour of the coil skeleton 2; the positioning ring 8 is vertically fixed to the inner wall of the box body 1 through a flange structure, and an elastically retractable hemispherical opening and closing switch 9 is embedded in it, forming an intermittent contact interface with the rotation trajectory of the synchronous cam 7; when the drive shaft 3 drives the coil skeleton 2 to start rotating and the coil is wound, the synchronous cam 7 rotates synchronously with the drive shaft 3. When it is wound to the corner area of the coil skeleton 2, the corresponding convex corner of the cam also rotates to the action area of the opening and closing switch 9 of the positioning ring 8, and the hemispherical contact is pressed down by the cam contour to produce axial displacement, thereby triggering the winding. The tension response component 10 in the wire frame 4 presses the end face of the winding drum 5, forcing the rotational resistance of the winding drum 5 to increase instantaneously, and the tension of the wire increases when winding in the angular area to compensate for the risk of loosening caused by the sudden change of curvature; when the angular area of the coil skeleton 2 is wound, the convex corner of the synchronous cam 7 no longer interferes with the opening and closing switch 9, and the opening and closing switch 9 is reset and disengaged with the help of the built-in spring, and the pressure of the tension response component 10 on the winding drum 5 is released, and the wire also restores the basic tension value to be wound in the flat area; in a single full circle winding of the coil skeleton 2, the outline of the four-leaf structure of the synchronous cam 7 that rotates coaxially with the coil skeleton 2 corresponds to the phase relationship of the four edges of the coil skeleton 2, ensuring that four tension peak adjustments are completed in each winding cycle, achieving the winding tension adaptively matching the skeleton contour changes, not only no longer requiring manual intervention, but also the interlayer tightness deviation rate during the coil winding process can be further reduced, thereby bringing unique technical advantages to the company's transformer production.

[0048] As an embodiment of the present invention, a damping shell 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the winding drum 5 close to the side wall of the winding frame 4. The damping shell 11 covers the tension response component 10. The tension response component 10 includes:

[0049] Mounting rods 12, a pair of said mounting rods 12 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the winding frame 4;

[0050] A damping plate 13, wherein the damping plate 13 is symmetrically rotatably connected to the mounting rod 12 by inserting its lower end on the mounting rod 12;

[0051] The bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 14 has a cylinder body fixedly connected to the side wall of the winding frame 4, and the piston rods at both ends of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 14 are respectively in contact with the adjacent side walls of the damping disk 13, and the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled by the opening and closing switch 9.

[0052] As an implementation manner of the present invention, a damping liner 15 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the damping disc 13, and the damping liner 15 is made of a ceramic particle reinforced copper-based composite material.

[0053] During operation, when the opening and closing switch 9 is triggered by the synchronous cam 7, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 14 receives an electrical signal to start the piston rod to extend synchronously. The piston rods on both sides respectively apply a radial thrust to the corresponding damping disc 13. The pushed damping disc 13 deflects around the axis of the mounting rod 12 towards the inner wall of the damping shell 11. The gap between the damping liner 15 and the inner wall of the damping shell 11 generates progressive friction as the deflection angle decreases. This process forces the rotational resistance moment of the wire winding cylinder 5 to increase linearly, and the wire tension accurately increases with the thrust value of the hydraulic cylinder; when winding to the corner area of the coil skeleton 2 (high-tension demand stage), the opening and closing switch 9 remains continuously triggered, and the piston rods of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 14 maintain the maximum extension amount. At this time, the damping disc 13 is at the maximum deflection angle position, and the damping liner 15 forms a full-circumference contact friction band with the damping shell 11; when the winding turns to the planar area (basic tension stage), the opening and closing switch 9 resets to cut off the hydraulic signal, and the piston rod contracts to drive the damping disc 13 to rotate and reset, and the friction interface disengages to enable the wire winding cylinder 5 to return to the free rotation state; during this process, the linear response characteristic of the hydraulic drive enables the braking torque curve to transition smoothly, further reducing the risk of stepwise mutation of the wire tension during the coil winding process. The damping liner 15 is made of a ceramic particle reinforced copper-based composite material, which provides it with high wear resistance, thus ensuring that it still maintains a stable friction coefficient under frequent friction conditions.

[0054] As an implementation manner of the present invention, a wire management assembly 16 is installed between the coil skeleton 2 and the wire winding cylinder 5. The wire management assembly 16 includes:

[0055] A wire management motor 17, the wire management motor 17 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box body 1 through a motor bracket 18, and the wire management motor 17 drives the wire management lead screw 19 to rotate;

[0056] A wire management frame 20, the wire management frame 20 moves axially back and forth along the wire management lead screw 19 under the action of the wire management lead screw 19 and two guide rods 21 fixedly connected to the motor bracket 18;

[0057] A wire management box 22, the wire management box 22 is fixedly connected to the wire management frame 20, and a wire management groove with the same width as the wire is opened on the wire management box 22 along the pulling direction of the wire;

[0058] Tension wheels 23, after the wire is pulled out from the wire management box 22, the tension wheels 23 arranged on the wire management frame 20 in a staggered manner provide a basic tension for it.

[0059] As an embodiment of the present invention, a tension swing arm 24 is further rotatably connected to the wire management rack 20. A tension flywheel 25 is rotatably connected to the end of the tension swing arm 24. The side of the tension swing arm 24 facing away from the wire is rotatably connected to an adaptive spring group 26 fixedly connected to the wire management rack 20.

[0060] As an embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive spring group 26 includes a combination of at least one compression spring 27 and a disc spring 28. The compression spring 27 provides low-stiffness buffering at the initial stage of the deflection of the tension swing arm 24, and the disc spring 28 provides high-stiffness to suppress overshoot at the later stage of deflection through the disc spring 28.

[0061] As an embodiment of the present invention, the pre-tightening force of the compression spring 27 is adjustable, and the stiffness coefficient of the disc spring 28 is 3-5 times that of the compression spring 27 to adapt to the tension requirements of different coil wires.

[0062] During operation, the wire management assembly 16 is installed in the transition area between the coil bobbin 2 and the winding drum 5. The wire management motor 17 is vertically fixed to the side wall of the box body 1 through an L-shaped motor bracket 18. The end of the motor shaft is coaxially connected to the wire management lead screw 19. Two parallel guide rods 21 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the lead screw to form a slide rail constraint. When the winding operation of the transformer coil is started, the drive shaft 3 drives the coil bobbin 2 to rotate, and the wire management motor 17 drives the wire management lead screw 19 to rotate, so that the wire management rack 20 moves axially along the guide rod 21 at a uniform speed that adapts to the winding rhythm of the coil bobbin 2. The wire on the winding drum 5 can ensure precise wire laying when it is finally wound on the coil bobbin 2 under the action of the wire management groove in the wire management box; the serpentine winding path of the wire is applied with a basic tension through the staggered arrangement of the tension wheel 23 groups. At this time, the compression spring 27 of the adaptive spring group 26 is in a compressed state and jointly maintains the balance of the tension swing arm 24 with the basic tension of the wire; when the coil bobbin 2 is wound to the corner position, the tension on the wire suddenly changes. The tension flywheel 25 on the tension swing arm 24 is pulled by the wire to drive the tension swing arm 24 to deflect rapidly. The compression spring 27 first absorbs the initial impact. As the swing arm rotation angle increases, the disc spring 28 plays a role in effectively suppressing the oscillation of the tension swing arm 24 when the wire tension suddenly changes. In the whole process, kinetic energy is dissipated step by step through the gradual change of stiffness, avoiding system resonance caused by the sudden change of the stiffness of a single spring; the spatial misalignment design of the rotation shaft of the tension swing arm 24 and the pin shaft of the adaptive spring group 26 forms a lever arm difference between the rotational torque and the elastic reaction torque, and also amplifies the mechanical perception sensitivity of the mechanism to small tension fluctuations. The staff can directly observe the tension change of the transformer coil wire at this time by observing the deflection degree of the tension swing arm 24, which greatly facilitates the staff's observation of the operation of the mechanism.

[0063] As an embodiment of the present invention, a rolling guide rail 29 higher than the coil bobbin 2 is fixedly connected to the side of the cable management rack 20 closest to the coil bobbin 2, and a tension flywheel 25 is rollingly connected to the rolling guide rail 29.

[0064] As an embodiment of the present invention, conical guide edges 30 are fixedly connected to both sides of the tension flywheel 25, and the inclination angle of the guide edges 30 is 30° - 45°, which is used to limit the lateral offset of the wire.

[0065] During operation, when the winding enters the plane area of the coil bobbin 2, the rolling guide rail 29 and the tension flywheel 25 form a passive limiting system. The conical guide edge 30 maintains the free movement space of the wire through the gap, and the tension flywheel 25 only slightly swings in the middle of the rolling guide rail 29 following the winding rhythm. When entering the corner winding stage of the coil bobbin 2, a sudden change in the wire tension causes a violent lateral impact. The edge of the wire embeds into the conical surface of the guide edge 30 to form a wedge-shaped contact. The tension flywheel 25 is driven by the tangential force to quickly roll along the rolling guide rail 29 to implement position compensation, thereby further buffering the sudden change in tension. The rolling guide rail 29 higher than the coil bobbin 2 also ensures that the wire can always be fed into the coil bobbin 2 from above the coil bobbin 2 for winding work.

[0066] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and remarkable advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above specific embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may also be subject to various changes and improvements to adapt to different usage environments and customer requirements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A transformer coil winding tension adaptive adjustment mechanism, comprising a box body (1) and a wire winding frame (4). A driving mechanism is installed inside the box body (1). A coil skeleton (2) is fixedly connected to a driving shaft (3) extending outside the box body (1) of the driving mechanism; A wire winding cylinder (5) is sleeved on the wire winding frame (4), and a wire for winding on the coil skeleton (2) is wound around the side wall of the wire winding cylinder (5); It is characterized in that It further includes: A tension adjustment assembly (6), and the tension adjustment assembly (6) includes: A synchronous cam (7), and the synchronous cam (7) is fixedly connected to the driving shaft (3) together with the coil skeleton (2); A positioning ring (8), and the positioning ring (8) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box body (1). An opening and closing switch (9) is elastically installed on the upper side of the positioning ring (8). The part of the opening and closing switch (9) extending out of the side wall of the positioning ring (8) is hemispherical. The synchronous cam (7) controls the movement of the tension response assembly (10) by pressing the opening and closing switch (9) during rotation; The tension response assembly (10) is installed on the wire winding frame (4), and the tension response assembly (10) increases the tension on the wire during the winding process by increasing the resistance to the wire winding cylinder (5); The synchronous cam (7) is a four - lobe cam with four convex corners, and the contour phase of the synchronous cam (7) is strictly matched with the shape and rotation position of the coil skeleton (2); One end of the wire winding cylinder (5) close to the side wall of the wire winding frame (4) is fixedly connected with a damping shell (11), and the damping shell (11) wraps the tension response assembly (10) inside. The tension response assembly (10) includes: Mounting rods (12), and a pair of the mounting rods (12) are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the side wall of the wire winding frame (4); Damping discs (13), and the damping discs (13) are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the mounting rods (12) by inserting their lower ends on the mounting rods (12); A two - way hydraulic cylinder (14), and the cylinder body of the two - way hydraulic cylinder (14) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the wire winding frame (4). The piston rods at both ends of the two - way hydraulic cylinder (14) are respectively abutted against the side walls of the adjacent damping discs (13), and the telescoping of the piston rods of the two - way hydraulic cylinder (14) is controlled by the opening and closing switch (9).

2. The self - adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for winding a transformer coil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A damping lining (15) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the damping disc (13), and the damping lining (15) is made of a ceramic particle - reinforced copper - based composite material.

3. The self - adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for winding a transformer coil according to claim 1, wherein: A wire management assembly (16) is installed between the coil skeleton (2) and the wire winding cylinder (5), and the wire management assembly (16) includes: A wire management motor (17), and the wire management motor (17) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box body (1) through a motor bracket (18), and the wire management motor (17) drives a wire management lead screw (19) to rotate; A wire management frame (20), and the wire management frame (20) moves axially back and forth along the wire management lead screw (19) under the action of the wire management lead screw (19) and two guide rods (21) fixedly connected to the motor bracket (18); A wire management box (22), and the wire management box (22) is fixedly connected to the wire management frame (20). A wire management groove with the same width as the wire is opened on the wire management box (22) along the pulling direction of the wire; The tension wheel (23) is staggeredly arranged on the wire management frame (20) to provide basic tension for the wire after it is pulled out from the wire management box (22).

4. A transformer coil winding tension adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cable management frame (20) is also rotatably connected to a tension swing arm (24), the end of which is rotatably connected to a tension flywheel (25), and the side of the tension swing arm (24) facing away from the wire is rotatably connected to an adaptive spring group (26) fixedly connected to the cable management frame (20).

5. An adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for winding a transformer coil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adaptive spring group (26) includes a combination of at least one compression spring (27) and a disc spring (28), wherein the compression spring (27) provides low-stiffness buffering in the early stage of deflection of the tension swing arm (24), and the disc spring (28) provides high stiffness to suppress overshoot in the late stage of deflection.

6. The self - adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for winding a transformer coil according to claim 5, wherein: The preload force of the compression spring (27) is adjustable, and the spring rate of the disc spring (28) is 3-5 times that of the compression spring (27) to adapt to the tension requirements of different coil conductors.

7. An adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for winding a transformer coil according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rolling guide rail (29) higher than the coil frame (2) is fixedly connected to the side of the wire management frame (20) closest to the coil frame (2), and a tension flywheel (25) is rollingly connected to the rolling guide rail (29).

8. An adaptive tension adjustment mechanism for transformer coil winding according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: Conical guide edges (30) are fixedly connected to both sides of the tension flywheel (25), and the guide edges (30) have an inclination angle of 30°-45°, which are used to limit the lateral deviation of the wire.

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