Preparation method of carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out impurity removal treatment on textile fabric fibers by adopting low-temperature carbonization, firstly coating conductive slurry, drying to prepare a conductive fabric, then coating mixed slurry of carbon aerogel and hard carbon, and carrying out a hot rolling process to prepare the carbon aerogel composite textile fabric fiber capacitor battery electrode which is applied to a flexible lithium ion capacitor battery. The preparation method is simple in process and can be directly applied to natural fibers, and the prepared composite material has high specific capacitance and stable cycle characteristics and has good application and development prospects in the aspect of portable foldable flexible electronic and energy devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and more specifically, to a method for preparing an electrode of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery. Background Art

[0002] A supercapacitor battery is a new type of energy storage device between a supercapacitor and a battery, having the characteristics of both a supercapacitor and a battery. Among them, the electrode material is the key factor determining the performance of the supercapacitor battery.

[0003] Currently, the research on supercapacitor batteries mainly focuses on the development of high-performance porous electrode materials and the modulation of their structures and properties. Preparing electrodes with materials having a porous structure as carriers is one of the important shortcuts to improve the specific capacitance of electrode materials.

[0004] In view of the high cost problem faced by carefully designed carriers in practical applications, researchers are actively exploring more economical alternative carriers. Currently, materials such as paper, textiles, and sponges have been used as substrates for supporting electrode active substances by depositing or coating a conductive layer. Among them, textiles have attracted much attention because they are composed of flexible and porous natural or synthetic fibers. Different weaving processes endow the fabric with diverse mechanical properties, making it not only flexible and lightweight but also stretchable and deformable, which is very suitable as a substrate for wearable energy devices.

[0005] Compared with paper, the three-dimensional pore structure of textiles is more significant, enabling electrode active substances to be uniformly attached to its entire network structure, including outer and inner fibers. This characteristic significantly increases the mass of the active material per unit area, thereby improving the power and energy density. Therefore, textile fiber materials, as flexible matrices for supercapacitor battery electrodes, have great potential in preparing fiber composites with energy storage performance. These composites show broad application prospects in many fields such as green energy, military, transportation, industry, and consumer electronics.

[0006] In addition, the research and development and application of textile fiber-based flexible electrode materials not only promote the technological innovation of textiles but also add value to them, opening up a new path for the development of the textile industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preparing an electrode of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery. The preparation method of the present invention is simple. The textile fibers are subjected to impurity removal treatment by low-temperature carbonization, and then a conductive paste is first coated and dried to obtain a conductive fabric. Then, a mixed paste of carbon aerogel and hard carbon is coated, and then through a hot roll pressing process, an electrode of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery is prepared, which is safe, environmentally friendly, low in cost, and has low requirements for the performance of equipment.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A preparation method of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery electrode, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1) Low-temperature carbonize the textile fiber to obtain the impurity-removed textile fiber;

[0011] 2) Grind the first conductive agent, and then add PVA to obtain a conductive paste;

[0012] 3) Immerse the impurity-removed textile fiber in the conductive paste, and then perform a drying treatment. Repeat the impregnation-drying process several times to obtain a conductive-coated textile fiber;

[0013] 4) Disperse carbon aerogel, hard carbon, the second conductive agent, and a binder in water, mix and stir evenly, and adjust the viscosity to obtain a carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion;

[0014] 5) Uniformly coat the carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion on the conductive-coated textile fiber, and perform a drying treatment to obtain a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber;

[0015] 6) Perform a hot roll pressing treatment on the carbon aerogel composite textile fiber to obtain a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery electrode.

[0016] Preferably, the low-temperature carbonization temperature in step 1) is 200 - 400 °C.

[0017] The preferred temperature is 250 °C, which can maintain the structure and mechanical strength of the fiber and can effectively remove volatile impurities during the processing.

[0018] Preferably, the first conductive agent in step 2) is superp.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first conductive agent to PVA in step 2) is (90 - 95):(10 - 5).

[0020] The above ratio can not only ensure the adhesiveness but also effectively improve the conductivity of the textile fiber.

[0021] Preferably, the second conductive agent in step 4) is Ketjenblack. Ketjenblack not only improves the conductivity but also effectively increases the capacity of the capacitive battery due to its high specific surface area.

[0022] Preferably, the binder in step 4) is a mixture of PTFE and CMCC with a mass ratio of 1:1. PTFE mainly improves the adhesiveness at high temperatures, and CMCC improves the rapid adhesiveness in the liquid phase.

[0023] Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel, hard carbon, conductive agent II, and binder in step 3) is (40 - 50):(40 - 45):(10 - 5):(10 - 5).

[0024] The above ratio mainly improves the adhesiveness and conductivity in the electrode. At the same time, the carbon aerogel and hard carbon improve the capacity and rate performance of the capacitor battery.

[0025] Preferably, the viscosity in step 3) is 3000 - 5000 mpa.s. This viscosity is easy for machine coating.

[0026] Preferably, the drying temperature in step 5) is 90 - 150 °C.

[0027] Preferably, the hot roll pressing temperature in step 6) is 120 - 200 °C. The above temperature can ensure the hot melting temperature of PTFE and improve the adhesiveness and stability of the electrode.

[0028] From the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1) The preparation method of the present invention is simple. By using carbonization, the conductive paste and carbon aerogel are coated on the surface of textile fibers. The method is simple, safe, environmentally friendly, with low raw material costs and low performance requirements for equipment; it can be directly applied to natural fibers;

[0030] 2) The composite electrode material prepared by the present invention is soft, light, and foldable. The surface of the electrode is three-dimensionally porous. The performance of the composite fabric electrode is stable and has a high conductivity, meeting the needs of developing intelligent textiles. Description of the Drawings

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is the SEM diagram of the electrode plate;

[0033] Figure 2 It is the cycle performance and internal resistance change of the 600F capacitor battery prepared in Example 1. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] This embodiment provides a preparation method for an electrode of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery, including the following steps:

[0037] 1) Low-temperature carbonize the textile fiber at 400 °C to obtain the impurity-removed textile fiber;

[0038] 2) Grind the conductive superp, and then add PVA to obtain a conductive paste. The mass ratio of superp to PVA is 90:10;

[0039] 3) Immerse the impurity-removed textile fiber in the conductive paste, and then perform a drying treatment. Repeat the immersion-drying process several times to obtain a conductive-coated textile fiber;

[0040] 4) Disperse carbon aerogel, hard carbon, Ketjen black, and binder in water, mix and stir evenly, and adjust the viscosity to 5000 mPa·s to obtain a carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion;

[0041] Among them, the binder is obtained by mixing PTFE and CMCC in a ratio of 1:1; the mass ratio of carbon aerogel, hard carbon, Ketjen black, and binder is 50:40:5:5;

[0042] 5) Uniformly coat the carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion on the conductive-coated textile fiber, and perform a drying treatment at 90 °C to obtain a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber;

[0043] 6) Perform a hot roll pressing treatment on the carbon aerogel composite textile fiber at 120 °C to obtain the electrode of the carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a preparation method for an electrode of a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery, including the following steps:

[0046] 1) Low-temperature carbonize the textile fiber at 200 °C to obtain the impurity-removed textile fiber;

[0047] 2) Grind the conductive superp, and then add PVA to obtain a conductive paste. The mass ratio of superp to PVA is 95:5;

[0048] 3) Immerse the impurity-removed textile fibers in the conductive paste, and then perform a drying treatment. Repeat the impregnation-drying process several times to obtain conductive-coated textile fibers;

[0049] 4) Disperse carbon aerogel, hard carbon, Ketjen black, and binder in water, mix and stir evenly, and adjust the viscosity to 3000 mPa·s to obtain a carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion;

[0050] Among them, the binder is obtained by mixing PTFE and CMCC in a ratio of 1:1; the mass ratio of carbon aerogel, hard carbon, Ketjen black, and binder is 40:45:10:5;

[0051] 5) Evenly coat the carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion on the conductive-coated textile fibers, and perform a drying treatment at 150 °C to obtain carbon aerogel composite textile fibers;

[0052] 6) Perform a hot roll pressing treatment on the carbon aerogel composite textile fibers at 200 °C to obtain a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery electrode.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This example provides a method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery electrode, including the following steps:

[0055] 1) Low-temperature carbonize the textile fibers at 250 °C to obtain impurity-removed textile fibers;

[0056] 2) Grind superp, and then add PVA to obtain a conductive paste. The mass ratio of superp to PVA is 90:10;

[0057] 3) Immerse the impurity-removed textile fibers in the conductive paste, and then perform a drying treatment. Repeat the impregnation-drying process several times to obtain conductive-coated textile fibers;

[0058] 4) Disperse carbon aerogel, hard carbon, Ketjen black, and binder in water, mix and stir evenly, and adjust the viscosity to 4000 mPa·s to obtain a carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion;

[0059] Among them, the binder is obtained by mixing PTFE and CMCC in a ratio of 1:1, and the mass ratio of carbon aerogel, hard carbon, Ketjen black, and binder is 40:45:5:10;

[0060] 5) Evenly coat the carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion on the conductive-coated textile fibers, and perform a drying treatment at 120 °C to obtain carbon aerogel composite textile fibers;

[0061] 6) The textile fibers composite with carbon aerogel are subjected to hot roll pressing treatment at 150 °C, and the carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitive battery electrode is obtained.

[0062] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, reference can be made to the description in the method part.

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) carbonizing the textile fibers at low temperature to obtain impurity-free textile fibers; 2) sand-grinding the conductive agent 1, and then adding PVA to obtain a conductive slurry; 3) dipping the impurity-removed textile fiber into a conductive slurry, and then drying it, and repeating the dipping-drying process several times to obtain a conductive coated textile fiber; 4) dispersing the carbon aerogel, hard carbon, conductive agent 2 and binder in water, mixing and stirring evenly, and adjusting the viscosity to obtain a carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion; 5) evenly coating the carbon aerogel negative electrode dispersion on the conductive coated textile fiber, and drying it to obtain the carbon aerogel composite textile fiber; 6) The carbon aerogel composite textile fiber is subjected to hot roller pressing treatment to obtain the carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode.

2. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the textile fiber is aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, carbon fiber or basalt fiber.

3. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature carbonization temperature in step 1) is 200-400°C.

4. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive agent described in step 2) is superp.

5. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the conductive agent 1 to PVA in step 2) is (90-95):(10-5).

6. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second conductive agent in step 4) is Ketjen black.

7. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The binder in step 4) is a mixture of PTFE and CMCC in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

8. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the carbon aerogel, hard carbon, conductive agent 2 and binder in step 3) is (40-50): (40-45): (10-5): (10-5); The viscosity described in step 3) is 3000-5000 mPa.s.

9. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step 5) is 90-150°C.

10. The method for preparing a carbon aerogel composite textile fiber capacitor battery electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the hot rolling temperature is 120-200°C.

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