Organic silicon-based foliar fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic silicon-based foliar fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The organic silicon-based foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-90 parts of an organic silicon modified potassium silicate core material, 5-10 parts of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2-5 parts of an EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) cerium complex and 8-10 parts of a composite organic silicon synergist, according to the organic silicon-based foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention, an organic silicon modified potassium silicate core material is used as a basic material, and is compounded with the EDTA cerium complex, the amino acid chelated sodium selenite and the organic silicon synergist to prepare the fully water-soluble organic silicon-based foliar fertilizer, so that the physicochemical properties of the fertilizer are improved, and the permeability of the fertilizer is improved; the fertilizer components can enter leaf surface cells of the flue-cured tobacco, the absorption and utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco plants to the fertilizer is improved, meanwhile, the EDTA cerium complex and the amino acid chelated sodium selenite also strengthen the fertilizer efficiency of the single silicon fertilizer to the flue-cured tobacco, and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco quality regulation, and particularly to an organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The oil content of flue-cured tobacco has long been a key indicator for measuring the overall quality of flue-cured tobacco and has attracted much attention in the fields of research and production. The oil content level is one of the key criteria for tobacco leaf grading. Tobacco leaves with a higher oil content usually exhibit better maturity, color, stronger processing adaptability, and balance of internal chemical components, and their aroma quality and quantity are also more excellent. Improving the oil content of flue-cured tobacco not only helps to improve the quality of tobacco leaves but also is of great significance for improving the quality and sensory evaluation quality of cigarettes.

[0003] Foliar fertilizer is a fertilization method in which fertilizers are applied to plant leaves by spraying. Compared with root fertilization, foliar fertilizer has the characteristics of being more direct, more efficient, and more targeted. At the same time, because foliar fertilizer can be more targeted to be applied to specific areas of plants, it is widely used in the field, greatly improving the fertilizer application efficiency. Foliar fertilizer plays an important role in improving the production efficiency of flue-cured tobacco. The main functions of foliar fertilizer can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Providing nutrients required by plants (containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or trace elements); 2. Regulating plant growth (such as gibberellins, cytokinins); 3. Improving plant stress resistance (such as amino acids, vitamins, rare earth elements). In recent years, foliar fertilizer has gradually played an important role in improving economic benefits and quality stability in tobacco production. For example, spraying selenium-containing foliar fertilizer on tobacco leaves will promote plant growth, increase the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, increase the activities of SOD and POD, and reduce the MDA concentration. The research by Cui Buyun (2018) et al. found that when the humic acid content in the foliar fertilizer is 50 g / L, the oil accumulation, appearance, and sensory evaluation quality of tobacco are the best, significantly improving the coordination of chemical components (the effects of foliar fertilizers containing different concentrations of humic acid on tobacco growth and tobacco leaf quality). However, at present, the application research of foliar fertilizer on tobacco mostly focuses on single types of foliar fertilizer, lacking the combined application of different functional foliar fertilizers, especially lacking multifunctional and highly efficient foliar fertilizers for improving the oil content quality of flue-cured tobacco. At the same time, the tobacco leaves have a high oil content and a thick cuticle, resulting in the difficulty of attaching the foliar fertilizer solution, affecting the absorption efficiency of the fertilizer, and reducing the application effect of the foliar fertilizer.

[0004] Therefore, a technical solution is needed to improve the utilization rate of foliar fertilizer to improve the quality of tobacco leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides an organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, which are used to solve the problem of how to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0006] To achieve the above technical purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a silicone-based foliar fertilizer, comprising components in the following parts by mass: 80-90 parts of a silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, 5-10 parts of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2-5 parts of EDTA cerium complex, and 8-10 parts of a composite silicone synergist.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material is as follows: After potassium silicate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fulvic acid are pulverized and mixed, a water-soluble granular core is obtained; Under an inert atmosphere, the water-soluble granular core is dispersed in an organic solvent, then mixed with a compound silane coupling agent, and after heating under reflux, the silicone-modified potassium silicate is obtained.

[0008] Preferably, by mass, the water-soluble granular core contains 85-90 parts of potassium silicate, 5-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3-5 parts of fulvic acid.

[0009] Preferably, the compound silane coupling agent includes KH-550.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature of heating under reflux is 80-100 °C, and the heating reflux time is 3-4 h.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the amino acid chelated sodium selenite is as follows: Mix amino acids with agricultural sodium selenite.

[0012] Preferably, the composite silicone synergist includes one or both of carboxymethyl cellulose and a carboxylated nano-SiO2 suspension. The preparation method of the carboxylated nano-SiO2 suspension is as follows: Disperse 85 parts of nano-SiO2 in an acetic acid buffer solution with a pH of 4.0, add 5 parts of KH-550, react at 60 °C for 2 h, add 10 parts of succinic anhydride, perform ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz) for 1 h, and dialyze and purify (MWCO 10 kDa) until the conductivity < 50 μS / cm.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of a silicone-based foliar fertilizer, comprising the following steps: After mixing the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, amino acid chelated sodium selenite, EDTA cerium complex, and composite silicone synergist, heat and react to obtain the silicone-based foliar fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature of the heat reaction is 90-100 °C.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of the silicone-based foliar fertilizer in the field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: The silicone-based foliar fertilizer of the present application uses silicone-modified potassium silicate as the basic material, and is compounded with EDTA cerium complex, amino acid chelated sodium selenite and silicone synergist to prepare a fully water-soluble silicone-based foliar fertilizer, which improves the permeability of the fertilizer, is conducive to the fertilizer entering the flue-cured tobacco leaf cells, and improves the absorption and utilization rate of the fertilizer by the flue-cured tobacco plants. Adding EDTA cerium complex and amino acid chelated sodium selenite improves the stability of cerium and selenium, and at the same time strengthens the fertilizer effect of single silicon fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco, while the silicone synergist can prevent the fertilizer from caking and improve the water-soluble speed; The silicone-based foliar fertilizer of the present application is sprayed on flue-cured tobacco, which can improve the photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco, improve the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of flue-cured tobacco, promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly improve the oil content quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Detailed implementation mode

[0017] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0018] The reasonable application of silicon is beneficial to improving the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, plays a role in the plant's response to stresses such as drought, salt, waterlogging, heavy metals, high temperature, freezing, ultraviolet radiation, etc., and at the same time can improve the plant's ability to defend against biotic stresses such as fungi, bacteria, and pests, thereby achieving the effect of improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. And nutrient elements such as selenium and cerium promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and in combination with silicon, further improve the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco. The synergist of the present invention includes carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxylated nano-SiO2, etc., which can improve the physical properties of the fertilizer, prevent the fertilizer from caking during storage, and at the same time significantly improve the solubility and solvent speed of the fertilizer.

[0019] Based on this, the present application was created.

[0020] The present application provides a silicone-based foliar fertilizer, which includes the following components in parts by mass: 80-90 parts of silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, 5-10 parts of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2-5 parts of EDTA cerium complex, and 8-10 parts of composite silicone synergist.

[0021] The water-soluble silicone-based foliar fertilizer of the present application uses silicone-modified potassium silicate and silicone synergist to improve the absorption efficiency of the foliar fertilizer, improve the surface properties and physical properties of the fertilizer, and at the same time, the silicon element is compounded with selenium and cerium elements to promote the nutrient absorption, growth and development and quality of crops, greatly improving and strengthening the role of silicon fertilizer, and synergistically enhancing the effect of the foliar fertilizer on improving the quality and increasing the yield of tobacco leaves.

[0022] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material is as follows: After potassium silicate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fulvic acid are pulverized and mixed, a water-soluble granular core is obtained. Under an inert atmosphere, the water-soluble granular core is dispersed in an organic solvent and then mixed with a compound silane coupling agent. After heating under reflux, organosilicon-modified potassium silicate is obtained.

[0023] In this application, the silane coupling agent is grafted onto potassium silicate by the grafting method to modify the surface of potassium silicate. The modification mechanism is as follows: The silane coupling agent (X(CH2)nSiR3) is an organosilicon compound containing a silicon bond and other functional groups (such as hydroxyl, amino, mercapto, etc.), which can play a bridging role between different materials, forming a stable and uniform monolayer or multi-layer structure covering the solution or the solid surface; the modified potassium silicate is organosilicon-modified potassium silicate, whose specific surface area and surface tension increase, and the adsorption sites on the surface increase. The permeability and ductility of the obtained organosilicon-modified potassium silicate after modification are good, making the surface activity, permeability, and stability of the foliar fertilizer high, which is conducive to the fertilizer entering the leaf cells of flue-cured tobacco, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of the flue-cured tobacco plant for the foliar fertilizer.

[0024] In some embodiments, by mass, the water-soluble granular core contains 85 - 90 parts of potassium silicate, 5 - 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3 - 5 parts of fulvic acid.

[0025] In some embodiments, the compound silane coupling agent includes KH-550.

[0026] In some embodiments, the temperature of heating under reflux is 80 - 100 °C, and the time of heating under reflux is 3 - 4 h.

[0027] In this application, by heating under reflux at a defined temperature, the potassium silicate in the water-soluble granular core is grafted with the silane coupling agent to obtain organosilicon-modified potassium silicate.

[0028] In some embodiments, the preparation method of amino acid chelated sodium selenite is as follows: 90 parts of agricultural compound amino acids are mixed with 10 parts of agricultural sodium selenite.

[0029] In some embodiments, the composite organosilicon synergist includes one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxylated nano-SiO2 suspension. The preparation method of the carboxylated nano-SiO2 suspension is to disperse 85 parts of nano-SiO2 in a pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution, add 5 parts of KH-550, react at 60 °C for 2 h, add 10 parts of succinic anhydride, perform ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz) for 1 h, and dialyze and purify (MWCO 10 kDa) until the conductivity < 50 μS / cm.

[0030] The present application provides a method for preparing a silicone-based foliar fertilizer, which includes the following steps: Mix the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, amino acid chelated sodium selenite, EDTA cerium complex, and composite silicone synergist, and then heat and react to obtain the silicone-based foliar fertilizer.

[0031] In some embodiments, the temperature of the heating reaction is 90 - 100 °C.

[0032] In the present application, by heating and reacting at a defined temperature, silicon, selenium, cerium elements, and the synergist can be uniformly compounded to strengthen the effect of the foliar fertilizer and synergistically improve the effect of the foliar fertilizer on improving the quality and increasing the yield of tobacco leaves.

[0033] The preparation method provided by the present application does not involve toxic and harmful raw materials, the reaction preparation conditions are mild, there is no need for complex subsequent treatment processes such as acid removal, it will not cause harm to plants, and it can reduce production costs.

[0034] The present application provides an application of a silicone-based foliar fertilizer in the field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation.

[0035] The following further illustrates the present solution through specific examples.

[0036] Raw material preparation Silicone-modified potassium silicate core material: Potassium silicate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fulvic acid are crushed and mixed to obtain a water-soluble granular core; in an inert atmosphere, the water-soluble granular core is dispersed in an organic solvent, and then mixed with a silane coupling agent, and after heating under reflux, the silicone-modified potassium silicate is obtained.

[0037] Amino acid chelated sodium selenite: 90 parts of agricultural compound amino acids (commercially available) are mixed with 10 parts of agricultural sodium selenite.

[0038] EDTA cerium complex: It is a purchased product of agricultural grade.

[0039] Composite silicone synergist: It includes 2 kinds such as carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxylated nano-SiO2 suspension. Carboxymethyl cellulose is a purchased product of agricultural grade. The preparation method of the latter is to disperse 85 parts of nano-SiO2 in a pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution, add 5 parts of KH-550, react at 60 °C for 2 h, add 10 parts of succinic anhydride, perform ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz) for 1 h, and dialyze and purify (MWCO 10 kDa) until the conductivity < 50 μS / cm.

[0040] Example 1 A preparation method of a silicone-based foliar fertilizer includes the following steps: Mix 85 kg of a silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, 5 kg of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2 kg of EDTA cerium complex, and 8 kg of a composite silicone synergist, heat the mixture at 90 °C for a reaction, maintain for 1 h, cool, and pulverize through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the silicone-based foliar fertilizer; Among them, the preparation method of the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material is as follows: Put 88 kg of water-soluble alkaline potassium silicate (K2SiO3), 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2 kg of water-soluble fulvic acid into a crushing mixer, pulverize and mix at high speed for 15 min, then stir for 5 min to obtain a uniformly mixed water-soluble granular core; Weigh 100 kg of the water-soluble granular core, disperse it in 1000 L of acetonitrile in a three-necked round-bottom flask, charge N2 into the reaction vessel at room temperature and stir vigorously for 15 minutes, then add 100 L of a coupling agent (KH-550), heat the mixture to 90 °C and reflux for 3 h, then wash three times with 100 L of ethanol and dichloromethane in sequence to remove unreacted silane, wash three times with ultrapure water, and vacuum freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain the silicone-modified potassium silicate.

[0041] Example 2 A preparation method of a silicone-based foliar fertilizer includes the following steps: Mix 83 kg of a silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, 5 kg of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2 kg of EDTA cerium complex, and 10 kg of a composite silicone synergist, heat the mixture at 90 °C for a reaction, maintain for 1 h, cool, and pulverize through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the silicone-based foliar fertilizer; Among them, the preparation method of the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material is as follows: Put 90 kg of water-soluble alkaline potassium silicate (K2SiO3), 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 kg of water-soluble fulvic acid into a crushing mixer, pulverize and mix at high speed for 15 min, then stir for 5 min to obtain a uniformly mixed water-soluble granular core; Weigh 100 kg of the water-soluble granular core, disperse it in 1000 L of acetonitrile in a three-necked round-bottom flask, charge N2 into the reaction vessel at room temperature and stir vigorously for 15 minutes, then add 120 L of a coupling agent (KH-550), heat the mixture to 80 °C and reflux for 3 h, then wash three times with 100 L of ethanol and dichloromethane in sequence to remove unreacted silane, wash three times with ultrapure water, and vacuum freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain the silicone-modified potassium silicate.

[0042] Example 3 A preparation method of a silicone-based foliar fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Mix 86 kg of a silicone-modified potassium silicate core material, 5 kg of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2 kg of EDTA cerium complex, and 7 kg of a composite silicone synergist, heat and react at 90 °C for 1 h, cool, and pulverize through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the silicone-based foliar fertilizer; Among them, the preparation method of the silicone-modified potassium silicate core material is as follows: Put 85 kg of water-soluble alkaline potassium silicate (K2SiO3), 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 kg of water-soluble fulvic acid into a crushing mixer, pulverize and mix at high speed for 15 min, then stir for 5 min to obtain a uniformly mixed water-soluble granular core; Weigh 100 kg of the water-soluble granular core, disperse it in 1000 L of acetonitrile in a three-necked round-bottom flask, charge N2 into the reaction vessel at room temperature and stir vigorously for 15 minutes, then add 120 L of a coupling agent (KH-550), and heat the mixture to 80 °C and reflux for 3 h, then wash three times with 100 L of ethanol and dichloromethane in turn to remove unreacted silane, then wash three times with ultrapure water, and vacuum freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain the silicone-modified potassium silicate.

[0043] Testing and evaluation Apply the foliar fertilizer in a flue-cured tobacco field in a certain place in Enshi respectively. Based on the unfertilized control group, apply the silicone-based foliar fertilizers in each example and comparative example as the experimental groups to different test plots (300 g / mu) respectively, and other fertilization and management are the same as conventional planting. The physical and chemical properties of the soil before planting are as follows: pH 7.14, organic matter 18.00 g / kg, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 55.56 mg / kg, available phosphorus 22.85 mg / kg, available potassium 169.40 mg / kg. The results of testing the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the photosynthetic indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves are shown in Table 1; The results of testing the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco are shown in Table 2; The evaluation of the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco is shown in Table 3; The results of evaluating the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco are shown in Table 4.

[0044] Table 1 Results of the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the photosynthetic indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0045] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control, the three silicone-based foliar fertilizers of the present application increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of flue-cured tobacco leaves, while reducing the transpiration rate (Tr). The reason is that the silicone-based foliar fertilizer of the present application improves the absorption efficiency of the foliar fertilizer, improves the surface properties of the fertilizer, and promotes the absorption of crop nutrients; at the same time, the silicon element is combined with selenium and cerium elements, strengthening the role of the silicon fertilizer and synergistically enhancing the effect of the foliar fertilizer on improving the photosynthesis of tobacco leaves. Table 2 Effects of different foliar fertilizers on the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco

[0046] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control, the three foliar fertilizers of this application significantly improve the oil content of flue-cured tobacco leaves (increase by 0.5 points) and the maturity (increase by 0.5 points). Therefore, the total score is significantly increased. It shows that all three embodiments proposed by the present invention also have a positive impact on the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco. Among them, Example 1 has the best effect.

[0047] Table 3 Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizers on the Sensory Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

[0048] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the control, all three embodiments proposed by this application significantly improve the aroma quality of tobacco leaves (increase by 0.5 points) and reduce the off-odor (reduce by 0.5 points), so the total score is significantly increased. It shows that after fertilizing flue-cured tobacco with the foliar fertilizers of each embodiment, its sensory quality is significantly improved, indicating that the foliar fertilizers of this application can significantly improve the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco. Among them, Example 3 has the best effect.

[0049] Table 4 Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizers on the Economic Characters of Flue-Cured Tobacco

[0050] As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the control, after being treated with the three foliar fertilizers of this application, the yield of flue-cured tobacco increases by 2.83 - 8.56%; at the same time, the proportion of upper-middle grade tobacco leaves increases by 3.3 - 5.4%. It shows that all three embodiments are beneficial to the improvement of the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Among them, Example 3 has the best effect.

[0051] The above are only 3 specific embodiments of the present invention that are better, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of organic silicon modified potassium silicate core material, 5-10 parts of amino acid chelated sodium selenite, 2-5 parts of EDTA cerium complex, and 8-10 parts of composite organic silicon synergist.

2. The organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the organosilicon-modified potassium silicate core material is as follows: The potassium silicate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fulvic acid are crushed and mixed to obtain a water-soluble granular core; Under an inert atmosphere, the water-soluble particle core is dispersed by ultrasonic wave, mixed with a compound silane coupling agent, heated under reflux and stirred, and the organosilicon-modified potassium silicate core material is obtained.

3. The organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In terms of mass, the inner core of the water-soluble granule contains 85-90 parts of potassium silicate, 5-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3-5 parts of fulvic acid.

4. The organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compound silane coupling agent includes KH-550.

5. The organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating reflux temperature is 80-100° C., and the heating reflux temperature is 3-4 hours.

6. The organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the amino acid chelated sodium selenite is as follows: amino acid and sodium selenite are mixed to obtain the amino acid chelated sodium selenite.

7. The organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite organosilicon synergist comprises one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxylated nano-SiO2 suspension.

8. A method for preparing the organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing organosilicon-modified potassium silicate, amino acid chelated sodium selenite, EDTA cerium complex and composite organosilicon synergist, and heating the mixture for reaction to obtain the organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer.

9. The method for preparing the organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature of the heating reaction is 90-100°C.

10. Use of the organosilicon-based foliar fertilizer obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 9 in the field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation.

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