Device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs, belonging to the technical field of biochar preparation. It includes: a machine base, with a frame fixed to its exterior, and an outer cylinder horizontally fixed to one side of the machine base, and the outer cylinder is connected and fixed to the frame; a crushing base, arranged above the outer cylinder; a combustion system, arranged on one side of the outer cylinder, and a hot gas booster fan is externally connected to the combustion system; a sealing end cover, fixed inside the outer cylinder; a carbonization cylinder, rotatably installed on the machine base, and one end of the carbonization cylinder is rotatably connected to the sealing end cover coaxially; a heat control unit, arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder; a material guiding channel, arranged on the sealing end cover; a filter material unit, fixed inside the carbonization cylinder; The present invention can classify the debris mixture according to particle size, realize the preliminary carbonization of the debris mixture, and then the debris mixture is remixed and pyrolyzed at high temperature for carbonization, improving the purity and quality of biochar preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biochar preparation, and specifically relates to a device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global attention to sustainable development and environmental protection, biomass energy, as a renewable energy source, has received extensive attention. Biochar, as a carbonaceous material made from biomass materials (such as crop wastes, forestry residues, etc.) through the pyrolysis process, not only has good environmental benefits but also plays an important role in agriculture, industry, environmental protection and other fields. And corncobs, as common wastes in agricultural production, their efficient utilization is crucial for reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, people make biochar from corncobs and return it to the field to improve the soil.

[0003] In the prior art, such as the invention patent with the publication number of CN116790272A, it can continuously turn the cut banana waste particles through a stirring shaft to improve the pyrolysis uniformity. However, due to the difference in the size of the cut banana waste particles (or corncobs), only using a single mixed pyrolysis method is likely to cause the phenomenon that the large debris particles are not completely carbonized while the small debris particles are over-carbonized, resulting in large differences in the physical structure, chemical composition and pore structure of the finally produced biochar products, and it is difficult to ensure the consistency of product quality.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device and method for preparing biochar from corncobs to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A device for preparing biochar from corncobs, which includes:

[0006] A machine base, with a frame fixed to its outside. A horizontal outer cylinder is fixedly arranged on one side of the machine base, and the outer cylinder is connected and fixed to the frame.

[0007] A crushing base, arranged above the outer cylinder, and a hopper is connected above the crushing base.

[0008] A combustion system, arranged on one side of the outer cylinder. The combustion system is externally connected to a hot gas booster fan, and the hot gas booster fan is connected to the outer cylinder through a gas supply channel.

[0009] A sealed end cover, fixed inside the outer cylinder.

[0010] The carbonization cylinder is rotatably installed on the machine base. One end of the carbonization cylinder is coaxially and rotatably connected to the sealing end cover. A heat pipe is horizontally fixed inside the outer cylinder body. One end of the heat pipe is connected and communicated with the air supply channel. The carbonization cylinder is arranged in a double-layer structure. The other end of the heat pipe is connected and communicated with the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder through the sealing end cover;

[0011] The heat control unit is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder;

[0012] The material guiding channel is arranged on the sealing end cover. The upper end of the material guiding channel is connected and communicated with the discharge port of the crushing seat;

[0013] The filter material unit is fixed inside the carbonization cylinder and is used for filtering and screening the crushed debris mixture inside the carbonization cylinder;

[0014] The transmission part is arranged inside the machine base. The output end of the transmission part is connected and driven to the carbonization cylinder through a transmission belt.

[0015] Preferably, the filter material unit includes:

[0016] Fixing rings, which are multiple and arranged in a distributed manner. Each of the fixing rings is coaxially fixed inside the carbonization cylinder;

[0017] The shaft tube seat is arranged concentrically inside the fixing ring. A plurality of guide rods are circumferentially distributed between the shaft tube seat and the fixing ring;

[0018] Filter plates are fixed on each of the guide rods. The cross section of the filter plate is in a fan-shaped structure, and two adjacent filter plates are in contact and cooperation.

[0019] Preferably, the mesh holes of the filter plates in the filter material unit that are far from the sealing end cover are smaller than the mesh holes of the filter plates that are close to the sealing end cover.

[0020] Preferably, the guide rods are all rotatably connected to the shaft tube seat. An inner shaft is rotatably connected inside the shaft tube seat. One end of the guide rod extending into the shaft tube seat is fixed with a bevel gear. A helical gear is sleeved on the inner shaft, and the helical gear meshes with the bevel gear;

[0021] An installation seat is fixed inside the sealing end cover. A driving shaft is rotatably connected inside the installation seat. One end of the driving shaft is fixed with a ratchet wheel, and one end of the inner shaft is fixed with a ratchet ring. The ratchet wheel and the ratchet ring are connected and assembled. A control motor is arranged outside the installation seat, and the output end of the control motor is connected and driven to the driving shaft through gear meshing.

[0022] Preferably, an atmosphere pipe is further connected to the sealing end cover, and a circulating exhaust channel is arranged on one side of the carbonization cylinder.

[0023] Preferably, an annular chamber is formed in the sealing end cover. The annular chamber is communicated with the heat pipe. A plurality of through holes are circumferentially distributed in the sealing end cover, and each through hole is communicated with the annular chamber;

[0024] The heat control unit includes a plurality of partitions which are circumferentially distributed. Each partition is fixed in the annular cavity. Each partition divides the annular cavity into a plurality of heat conduction channels, and the heat conduction channels are arranged corresponding to the through holes;

[0025] A plurality of baffle plates are arranged in the heat conduction channels, and each baffle plate is arranged corresponding to the fixed ring in the filter element unit.

[0026] Preferably, a partition ring is slidably connected to one side of each baffle plate in the annular cavity. The partition ring is in sealing fit with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cavity;

[0027] A guide hole is formed in the partition ring at each heat conduction channel. One side of the guide hole is connected with a telescopic pipe, and the other end of the telescopic pipe is correspondingly communicated with the baffle plate;

[0028] Pneumatic telescopic rods are connected to the baffle plates in the same straight line position. One end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected with the partition ring.

[0029] Preferably, a mixing chamber is further arranged in the carbonization cylinder at the annular cavity. An annular sleeve is hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder at the mixing chamber, and a discharge pipe is connected to the outside of the annular sleeve.

[0030] Preferably, an external connecting sleeve is fixed outside the machine base through a frame. The external connecting sleeve is rotatably and hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder. A plurality of side holes are formed in the side wall of the carbonization cylinder, and a discharge seat is arranged below the external connecting sleeve.

[0031] Preferably, a method for preparing biochar from corncobs includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. Prepare dry corncobs. Feed the corncobs into the crushing seat through a hopper. The crushing seat completely crushes the corncobs to form a debris mixture. The debris mixture is preliminarily accumulated in the carbonization cylinder through the material guiding channel. At this time, each filter plate of the filter element unit in the carbonization cylinder cooperates with each other and contacts under the deflection action of the guide rod to form a plurality of filter layers;

[0033] S2. The transmission part drives the carbonization cylinder to continuously rotate. At this time, the atmosphere pipe synchronously feeds inert gas into the carbonization cylinder, and the inert gas is cyclically discharged through the circulating exhaust channel, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder can pass through each filter layer along with the flow of the inert gas for filtration and screening;

[0034] S3. According to the particle size distribution of the debris mixture at each filtering layer, each pneumatic telescopic rod in the heat control unit slides and adjusts the separating ring at the heat conduction channel in the carbonization cylinder, so that the heat conduction area at each filtering layer meets the operation requirements;

[0035] S4. The combustion system sends the hot air flow generated by combustion into each heat conduction channel through the hot air booster fan. The hot air flow flows along each heat conduction channel and finally enters the mixing cavity. At this time, a stepped heating temperature is formed at each filtering layer position in the carbonization cylinder to achieve staged carbonization. The debris mixture is evenly heated and preliminarily carbonized during the rotation of the carbonization cylinder;

[0036] S5. After a period of carbonization process, each filter plate separates under the action of the deflection of the guide rod and is parallel to the inner shaft. The debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder is completely mixed during rotation. At this time, the heat conduction channels in the heat control unit are completely opened, and the hot air flow flows completely evenly in the annular cavity in the carbonization cylinder. With the continuous supply of the hot air flow and the continuous rotation of the carbonization cylinder, the debris mixture undergoes a long-term pyrolysis reaction in a high-temperature environment and finally forms biochar;

[0037] S6. The biochar product is discharged through the discharge seat under the outer connecting sleeve.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] The carbonization cylinder adopted in the present invention can be driven by the transmission part to rotate, so as to realize the turning and carbonization of the corn cob debris mixture and ensure its carbonization uniformity. Among them, the filter material unit arranged in the carbonization cylinder can give priority to filtering and screening the debris mixture, so that the debris mixture is classified according to particle size, while the heat control unit adjusts the heat conduction area at different positions of each heat conduction channel in the carbonization cylinder according to the classification of the debris mixture, so that a stepped heating temperature is formed in the carbonization cylinder, thereby accurately controlling the heating temperature of each area and ensuring that each particle can undergo pyrolysis reaction under the most suitable conditions to realize the preliminary carbonization of the debris mixture;

[0040] Each filter plate in the filter material unit of the present invention can be parallel to the inner shaft under the deflection of the guide rod, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder is completely mixed during rotation, so as to carry out high-temperature mixed pyrolysis on the preliminarily classified and carbonized debris mixture, so as to generate high-quality biochar. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 is the internal structural sectional view of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the filter material unit in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting seat in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the ratchet and the ratchet ring in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 is Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position A in;

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat control unit in the present invention;

[0048] In the figure: 1, machine base; 11, frame; 12, outer cylinder; 13, crushing seat; 14, hopper; 15, hot gas booster fan; 16, air supply channel; 17, heat pipe; 18, transmission part; 2, sealing end cover; 21, material guiding channel; 22, mounting seat; 23, driving shaft; 24, ratchet; 25, ratchet ring; 26, control motor; 27, ring bin; 28, through hole; 3, carbonization cylinder; 31, ring sleeve; 32, row pipe; 33, outer connecting sleeve; 34, side hole; 35, discharging seat; 4, heat control unit; 41, partition board; 42, heat conduction channel; 43, baffle; 44, separating ring; 45, telescopic pipe; 46, pneumatic telescopic rod; 47, mixing cavity; 5, filter material unit; 51, fixed ring; 52, shaft pipe seat; 53, guide rod; 54, filter plate; 55, inner shaft. Specific embodiments

[0049] Please refer to Figures 1-7 , in the embodiment of the present invention, a device for preparing biochar from corncobs includes:

[0050] Machine base 1, with a frame 11 fixed to its outside, and an outer cylinder 12 horizontally fixed to one side of the machine base 1, and the outer cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the frame 11;

[0051] Crushing seat 13, arranged above the outer cylinder 12, and a hopper 14 is connected above the crushing seat 13; Corncobs can enter the crushing seat 13 through the hopper 14 and form a corncob debris mixture after the crushing operation of the crushing seat 13;

[0052] Combustion system (not shown in the figure), arranged on one side of the outer cylinder 12, the combustion system is externally connected with a hot gas booster fan 15, and the hot gas booster fan 15 is connected to the outer cylinder 12 through an air supply channel 16, so as to send the high-temperature hot gas generated in the combustion system into the outer cylinder 12 through the air supply channel 16;

[0053] Sealing end cover 2, fixed inside the outer cylinder 12;

[0054] The carbonization cylinder 3 is rotatably installed on the machine base 1. One end of the carbonization cylinder 3 is rotatably connected to the sealing end cover 2 coaxially. A heat pipe 17 is horizontally fixed inside the outer cylinder 12. One end of the heat pipe 17 is connected to the air supply channel 16. The carbonization cylinder 3 is arranged in a double-layer structure. The other end of the heat pipe 17 is connected to the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3 through the sealing end cover 2. The hot air flow in the air supply channel 16 can enter the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3 through the heat pipe 17, so as to quickly transfer heat to the carbonization cylinder wall, making the carbonization cylinder 3 evenly distributed around, and improving the heating uniformity.

[0055] The heat control unit 4 is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3.

[0056] The material guiding channel 21 is arranged on the sealing end cover 2. The upper end of the material guiding channel 21 is communicated with the discharge port of the crushing seat 13, so that the debris mixture can enter the carbonization cylinder 3 from the discharge port of the crushing seat 13 through the material guiding channel 21.

[0057] The filter material unit 5 is fixed inside the carbonization cylinder 3 and is used for filtering and screening the debris mixture after crushing in the carbonization cylinder 3.

[0058] The transmission part 18 is arranged inside the machine base 1. The output end of the transmission part 18 is connected and driven to the carbonization cylinder 3 through a transmission belt.

[0059] In the present invention, the filter material unit can preferentially filter and screen the debris mixture, so that the debris mixture is classified according to particle size. The heat control unit adjusts the heat conduction area at different positions of each heat conduction channel in the carbonization cylinder 3 according to the classification of the debris mixture, so as to form a stepped heating temperature in the carbonization cylinder 3, thereby accurately controlling the heating temperature of each area and ensuring that each particle can carry out pyrolysis reaction under the most suitable conditions, realizing the preliminary carbonization of the debris mixture. Then the debris mixture can be remixed for high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization. Therefore, the small particles in the debris mixture will not be over-carbonized due to overheating, and the large particles will not be incompletely carbonized due to insufficient heating. The finally generated biochar product is more consistent and stable in physical structure, chemical composition and pore structure.

[0060] In this embodiment, the filter material unit 5 includes:

[0061] A plurality of fixing rings 51 are arranged in a distributed manner. Each of the fixing rings 51 is coaxially fixed inside the carbonization cylinder 3.

[0062] The shaft tube seat 52 is arranged concentrically inside the fixing ring 51. A plurality of guide rods 53 are circumferentially distributed between the shaft tube seat 52 and the fixing ring 51.

[0063] The filter plate 54 is fixed on each of the guide rods 53. The cross-section of the filter plate 54 is in a fan-shaped structure, and two adjacent filter plates 54 are in contact and cooperation, so that the filter plates 54 within the circumferential range cooperate to form a filter layer for filtering and screening the debris mixture. Optimally, a lifting cylinder can be arranged outside the outer cylinder 12, and the expansion and contraction of the lifting cylinder can locally lift the outer cylinder 12, so that the carbonization cylinder 3 is inclined and erected, further improving the screening effect.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the mesh holes of the filter plates 54 away from the sealing end cover 2 in the filter element 5 are smaller than the mesh holes of the filter plates 54 close to the sealing end cover 2, so as to screen the debris mixture according to the particle size.

[0065] In this embodiment, the guide rods 53 are all rotatably connected to the shaft tube seat 52. An inner shaft 55 is rotatably connected in the shaft tube seat 52. At the end of one end of the guide rod 53 extending into the shaft tube seat 52, a bevel gear is fixed. A helical gear is sleeved on the inner shaft 55, and the helical gear meshes with the bevel gear.

[0066] An installation seat 22 is fixed in the sealing end cover 2. A drive shaft 23 is rotatably connected in the installation seat 22. One end of the drive shaft 23 is fixed with a ratchet 24, and one end of the inner shaft 55 is fixed with a ratchet ring 25. The ratchet 24 and the ratchet ring 25 are connected and assembled. A control motor 26 is arranged outside the installation seat 22. The output end of the control motor 26 is connected and driven to the drive shaft 23 through gear meshing. When the inner shaft 55 rotates synchronously with the carbonization cylinder 3, the ratchet 24 and the ratchet ring 25 rotate relatively. When the drive shaft 23 rotates reversely, the ratchet 24 and the ratchet ring 25 are engaged and clamped, so that the inner shaft 55 rotates relative to the carbonization cylinder 3, thereby rotating and adjusting each filter plate 54 on the fixed ring 51.

[0067] In this embodiment, an atmosphere pipe (not shown in the figure) is further connected to the sealing end cover 2. A circulating exhaust duct is arranged on one side of the carbonization cylinder 3. On the one hand, the atmosphere pipe can convey inert gas to create an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to ensure that the carbonization or pyrolysis process is carried out under ideal conditions. On the other hand, it can assist in the preliminary screening and filtration of the debris mixture, so that fine particles and light substances in the debris mixture can pass through the mesh holes of each filter plate 54, reducing the agglomeration phenomenon.

[0068] In this embodiment, a ring chamber 27 is opened in the sealing end cover 2. The ring chamber 27 is communicated with the heat pipe 17. A plurality of through holes 28 are circumferentially distributed in the inner circumference of the sealing end cover 2, and each through hole 28 is communicated with the ring chamber 27.

[0069] The heat control unit 4 includes a plurality of partition plates 41 which are circumferentially distributed. Each partition plate 41 is fixed in the annular cavity. Each partition plate 41 divides the annular cavity into a plurality of heat conduction channels 42. The heat conduction channels 42 are arranged corresponding to the through holes 28.

[0070] A plurality of baffles 43 are arranged in the heat conduction channels 42. Each baffle 43 is arranged corresponding to the fixed ring 51 in the filter element unit 5. The hot air flow can flow into the heat conduction channels 42 through the through holes 28, so as to rapidly heat the carbonization cylinder 3 during continuous flow.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment, a partition ring 44 is slidably connected to one side of each baffle 43 in the annular cavity. The partition ring 44 is in sealing cooperation with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cavity.

[0072] A guide hole is formed in the partition ring 44 at each heat conduction channel 42. One side of the guide hole is connected with a telescopic pipe 45. The other end of the telescopic pipe 45 is correspondingly connected with the baffle 43.

[0073] Pneumatic telescopic rods 46 are connected to the baffles 43 in the same straight line position. One end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 46 is connected with the partition ring 44. Wherein, when the pneumatic telescopic rod 46 gradually extends for operation, the distance between the partition ring 44 and the baffle 43 becomes larger, the heat conduction area at the corresponding position in the heat conduction channel 42 is reduced, and the heat conduction effect is reduced, so as to effectively adjust the heating temperature at the area position of the carbonization cylinder 3, so as to realize fine adjustment of the temperature at different positions of the carbonization cylinder 3 during primary carbonization, ensure that the temperature distribution in each area meets the expectation, and improve the carbonization quality.

[0074] In this embodiment, a mixing chamber 47 is further arranged in the carbonization cylinder 3 at the annular cavity. An annular sleeve 31 is hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder 3 at the mixing chamber 47. A discharge pipe 32 is connected to the outside of the annular sleeve 31. The discharge pipe 32 can concentrate and discharge the hot air flow in each heat conduction channel 42.

[0075] In this embodiment, an external connecting sleeve 33 is fixed outside the machine base 1 through a frame 11. The external connecting sleeve 33 is rotationally and hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder 3. A plurality of side holes 34 are formed in the side wall of the carbonization cylinder 3. A discharge seat 35 is arranged below the external connecting sleeve 33.

[0076] A method for preparing biochar from corncobs includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. Prepare dry corncobs, feed the corncobs into the crushing seat 13 through the hopper 14, and the crushing seat 13 completely crushes them to form a debris mixture. The debris mixture is preliminarily piled up in the carbonization cylinder 3 through the material guiding channel 21. At this time, each filter plate 54 of the filter element 5 in the carbonization cylinder 3 cooperates and contacts with each other under the deflection action of the guide rod 53 to form a plurality of filter layers;

[0078] S2. The transmission part 18 drives the carbonization cylinder 3 to rotate continuously. At this time, the atmosphere pipe synchronously feeds inert gas into the carbonization cylinder 3, and the inert gas is discharged through the circulating exhaust duct, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder 3 can pass through each filter layer with the flow of the inert gas for filtration screening, which can assist the debris mixture in screening and filtration and avoid agglomeration. Preferably, the lifting cylinder locally lifts the outer cylinder 12, so that the carbonization cylinder 3 is inclined to be erected, further improving the screening efficiency;

[0079] S3. According to the particle size distribution of the debris mixture at each filter layer, each pneumatic telescopic rod 46 in the heat control unit 4 slides and adjusts the partition ring 44 at the heat conduction channel 42 in the carbonization cylinder 3, so that the heat conduction area at each filter layer meets the operation requirements;

[0080] S4. The combustion system sends the hot air flow generated by combustion into each heat conduction channel 42 through the hot air booster fan 15. The hot air flow flows along each heat conduction channel 42 and finally enters the mixing cavity 47. At this time, a stepped heating temperature is formed at the positions of each filter layer in the carbonization cylinder 3 (each filter layer corresponds to a different heating temperature area, ensuring that different particles carry out carbonization reactions at the most suitable temperatures and improving the carbonization efficiency), realizing staged carbonization. The debris mixture is uniformly heated and preliminarily carbonized during the rotation of the carbonization cylinder 3;

[0081] S5. After a period of carbonization process, each filter plate 54 separates and is parallel to the inner shaft 55 under the deflection action of the guide rod 53. The debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder 3 is completely mixed during rotation. At this time, the heat conduction channels 42 in the heat control unit 4 are completely opened, and the hot air flow flows completely uniformly in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder 3. With the continuous supply of the hot air flow and the continuous rotation of the carbonization cylinder 3, the debris mixture undergoes a long-term pyrolysis reaction in a high-temperature environment and finally forms biochar;

[0082] S6. The biochar product is discharged through the discharge seat 35 below the outer connecting sleeve 33.

[0083] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent replacements or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing biochar from corncobs, characterized in that, It includes: A machine base (1) with a frame (11) fixed to its exterior. On one side of the machine base (1), an outer cylinder (12) is horizontally fixed, and the outer cylinder (12) is connected and fixed to the frame (11). A crushing base (13) is arranged above the outer cylinder (12), and a hopper (14) is connected above the crushing base (13). A combustion system is arranged on one side of the outer cylinder (12). The combustion system is externally connected to a hot gas booster fan (15), and the hot gas booster fan (15) is connected to the outer cylinder (12) through an air supply channel (16). A sealing end cover (2) is fixed inside the outer cylinder (12). A carbonization cylinder (3) is rotatably installed on the machine base (1). One end of the carbonization cylinder (3) is coaxially and rotatably connected to the sealing end cover (2). A heat pipe (17) is horizontally fixed inside the outer cylinder (12), and one end of the heat pipe (17) is connected and communicated with the air supply channel (16). The carbonization cylinder (3) is arranged as a double-layer structure, and the other end of the heat pipe (17) is connected and communicated with the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder (3) through the sealing end cover (2). A heat control unit (4) is arranged in the annular cavity of the carbonization cylinder (3). A material guiding channel (21) is arranged on the sealing end cover (2), and the upper end of the material guiding channel (21) is communicated with the discharge port of the crushing base (13). A filter material unit (5) is fixed inside the carbonization cylinder (3) and is used for filtering and screening the crushed debris mixture inside the carbonization cylinder (3). A transmission part (18) is arranged inside the machine base (1), and the output end of the transmission part (18) is connected and driven to the carbonization cylinder (3) through a transmission belt. The filter material unit (5) includes: Fixed rings (51), which are multiple and arranged in a distributed manner. Each of the fixed rings (51) is coaxially fixed inside the carbonization cylinder (3). A shaft tube seat (52) is concentrically arranged inside the fixed ring (51), and a plurality of guide rods (53) are circumferentially distributed between the shaft tube seat (52) and the fixed ring (51). Filter plates (54) are fixed on each of the guide rods (53). The cross-section of the filter plate (54) is in a fan-shaped structure, and two adjacent filter plates (54) are in contact and cooperate with each other.

2. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mesh holes of the filter plates (54) in the filter material unit (5) that are far from the sealing end cover (2) are smaller than the mesh holes of the filter plates (54) that are close to the sealing end cover (2).

3. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rods (53) are all rotatably connected to the shaft tube seat (52). An inner shaft (55) is rotatably connected inside the shaft tube seat (52). At the end of the guide rod (53) extending into the shaft tube seat (52), a bevel gear is fixed. A helical gear is sleeved on the inner shaft (55), and the helical gear meshes with the bevel gear. An installation seat (22) is fixed inside the sealing end cover (2). A driving shaft (23) is rotatably connected inside the installation seat (22). One end of the driving shaft (23) is fixed with a ratchet wheel (24), and one end of the inner shaft (55) is fixed with a ratchet ring (25). The ratchet wheel (24) is connected and assembled with the ratchet ring (25). A control motor (26) is arranged outside the installation seat (22), and the output end of the control motor (26) is connected and driven with the driving shaft (23) through the meshing action of gears.

4. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 1, characterized in that, An atmosphere pipe is also connected to the sealing end cover (2), and a circulating exhaust duct is arranged on one side of the carbonization cylinder (3).

5. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 4, characterized in that, An annular chamber (27) is formed inside the sealing end cover (2). The annular chamber (27) is communicated with the heat pipe (17). A plurality of through holes (28) are circumferentially distributed inside the sealing end cover (2), and each through hole (28) is communicated with the annular chamber (27); The heat control unit (4) includes a plurality of partition plates (41) which are circumferentially distributed. Each partition plate (41) is fixed inside the annular cavity. Each partition plate (41) divides the annular cavity into a plurality of heat conduction channels (42), and the heat conduction channels (42) are arranged corresponding to the through holes (28); A plurality of baffle plates (43) are arranged in the heat conduction channels (42), and each baffle plate (43) is arranged corresponding to the fixing ring (51) in the filter element unit (5).

6. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 5, wherein, A separating ring (44) is slidably connected to one side of each baffle plate (43) inside the annular cavity. The separating ring (44) is in sealing cooperation with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cavity; Guide holes are formed in the separating ring (44) at the positions of the heat conduction channels (42). One side of each guide hole is connected with a telescopic pipe (45), and the other end of the telescopic pipe (45) is correspondingly communicated with the baffle plate (43); Pneumatic telescopic rods (46) are connected to the baffle plates (43) in the same straight line position. One end of each pneumatic telescopic rod (46) is connected with the separating ring (44).

7. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 6, characterized in that, A mixing chamber (47) is also arranged inside the carbonization cylinder (3) at the position of the annular cavity. An annular sleeve (31) is hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder (3) at the position of the mixing chamber (47), and a discharge pipe (32) is connected to the outside of the annular sleeve (31).

8. The device for preparing biochar from corncobs according to claim 7, characterized in that, An external connecting sleeve (33) is fixed outside the machine base (1) through a frame (11). The external connecting sleeve (33) is rotatably and hermetically sleeved outside the carbonization cylinder (3). A plurality of side holes (34) are formed in the side wall of the carbonization cylinder (3), and a discharge seat (35) is arranged below the external connecting sleeve (33).

9. A method for preparing biochar from corncobs, which uses a device for preparing biochar from corncobs as described in claim 8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Prepare dry corncobs. Feed the corncobs into the crushing seat (13) through the hopper (14). The crushing seat (13) completely crushes them to form a debris mixture. The debris mixture is preliminarily stacked inside the carbonization cylinder (3) through the material guiding channel (21). At this time, each filter plate (54) of the filter element unit (5) inside the carbonization cylinder (3) cooperates with each other and contacts under the deflection action of the guide rod (53) to form a plurality of filter layers; S2. The transmission part (18) drives the carbonization cylinder (3) to rotate continuously. At this time, the atmosphere pipe synchronously feeds inert gas into the carbonization cylinder (3), and the inert gas is discharged through the circulating exhaust passage, so that the debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder (3) can pass through each filter layer with the flow of the inert gas for filtration and screening; S3. According to the particle size distribution of the debris mixture at each filter layer, each pneumatic telescopic rod (46) in the heat control unit (4) slides and adjusts the separation ring (44) at the heat conduction channel (42) in the carbonization cylinder (3), so that the heat conduction area at each filter layer meets the operation requirements; S4. The combustion system sends the hot air flow generated by combustion into each heat conduction channel (42) through the hot air booster fan (15). The hot air flow flows along each heat conduction channel (42) and finally enters the mixed flow cavity (47). At this time, a stepped heating temperature is formed at each filter layer position in the carbonization cylinder (3) to achieve staged carbonization. The debris mixture is uniformly heated and preliminarily carbonized during the rotation of the carbonization cylinder (3); S5. After a period of carbonization process, each filter plate (54) separates under the deflection action of the guide rod (53) and is parallel to the inner shaft (55). The debris mixture in the carbonization cylinder (3) is completely mixed during rotation. At this time, the heat conduction channel (42) in the heat control unit (4) is completely opened, and the hot air flow flows completely uniformly in the annular cavity in the carbonization cylinder (3). With the continuous supply of the hot air flow and the continuous rotation of the carbonization cylinder (3), the debris mixture undergoes a long-term pyrolysis reaction in a high-temperature environment and finally forms biochar; S6. The biochar product is discharged through the discharge seat (35) below the outer connecting sleeve (33).

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