Antenna structure and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna structure and electronic equipment. The antenna structure comprises a floor, a first radiator, a second radiator and a feed structure, the first radiator comprises a first arm and a second arm, the first end of the second arm is in bending connection with the first end of the first arm, and the second end of the second arm is connected with the floor; the first end of the second radiator is opposite to the second end of the first arm through a first gap, the first end of the second radiator and the second end of the first arm are open-circuit ends, and the first gap extends in the first direction; the second radiator is provided with a second gap extending along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the first radiating body and the second radiating body respectively form a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction which are orthogonal when being fed, the first polarization direction is formed when the first radiating body is fed, and the second polarization direction which is orthogonal to the first polarization direction is generated when the second radiating body is fed. Therefore, the antenna structure provided by the invention can synthesize a circularly polarized signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna structure and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, mobile phone satellite communication can provide long-distance communication in extreme emergencies without base station signals such as earthquakes and floods. The terminal uses a satellite as a base station and can perform long-distance communication at any location on the earth with almost no geographical restrictions. Since the signals of satellites are all circularly polarized, therefore, how to design an antenna to match satellite signals during operation has become a technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] As an aspect of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application provide an antenna structure, including:

[0004] A ground plane;

[0005] A first radiator, the first radiator includes a first arm and a second arm, the first end of the second arm is bent and connected to the first end of the first arm, and the second end of the second arm is connected to the ground plane;

[0006] A second radiator, the first end of the second radiator is opposite to the second end of the first arm through a first slot, the first end of the second radiator and the second end of the first arm are open ends, and the first slot extends along a first direction;

[0007] The second radiator has a second slot extending along a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular;

[0008] A feeding structure, located on the ground plane, and connected to the first arm and the second radiator respectively, for feeding the first radiator and the second radiator; wherein

[0009] When the first radiator is fed, a first resonance is generated, and when the second radiator is fed, a second resonance is generated. The frequencies of the first resonance and the second resonance are the same, and the first polarization direction of the first resonance and the second polarization direction of the second resonance are orthogonal.

[0010] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the first arm in the second direction is one-quarter of the wavelength of the first resonance, and the electrical length of the second slot in the second direction is one-half of the wavelength of the first resonance.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ground plane is perpendicular to the first radiator and the second radiator. The first side of the ground plane includes a hollowed-out part and a non-hollowed-out part. The hollowed-out part is opposite to the first radiator and part of the second radiator, and the non-hollowed-out part is opposite to the other part of the second radiator.

[0012] In some embodiments, the non-hollowed-out part is connected to the inner side of the second slot.

[0013] In some embodiments, the feeding structure includes a feed source, a feeder, a matching network, a first stub, and a second stub. The feed source is located on the floor, and the matching network, the first stub, and the second stub are located in the hollowed-out portion. The feed source is connected in series through the feeder and the matching network. The output terminals of the matching network are respectively connected to the input terminal of the first stub and the input terminal of the second stub. The output terminal of the first stub is connected to the first radiator, and the output terminal of the second stub is connected to the second radiator; wherein

[0014] The electrical length D1 of the first stub and the electrical length D2 of the second stub satisfy: 0.2λ ≤ D1 - D2 ≤ 0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

[0015] In some embodiments, the matching network is located in the hollowed-out portion relative to the second radiator. The matching network includes an inductor and an open stub. The open stub has two open ends in the first direction, and the output terminal of the matching network is located on the side of the open stub facing the second radiator;

[0016] The first stub includes a first sub-stub and a second sub-stub connected by bending. The first sub-stub is connected to a position on the first arm far from the first gap and extends away from the first arm, and the second sub-stub is connected between the first sub-stub and the output terminal of the matching network;

[0017] The second stub includes a third sub-stub and a fourth sub-stub connected by bending. The third sub-stub is connected to the outside of the second gap and extends toward the inside of the second gap in the first direction, and the fourth sub-stub is connected between the third sub-stub and the output terminal of the matching network.

[0018] In some embodiments, the length of the third sub-stub is equal to the width of the second gap, and there is a notch at the position corresponding to the end of the third sub-stub of the second gap.

[0019] In some embodiments, one end of the first radiator far from the second radiator is a first grounding end, and the first grounding end is connected to the floor.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first radiator is an IFA antenna, and when the first radiator is fed with current, it operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode. The second radiator is a slot antenna, and when the second radiator is fed with current, it operates in a half-wavelength resonance mode.

[0021] As another aspect of the present application, the present application further provides an electronic device, including:

[0022] A floor;

[0023] A housing, the housing includes a first frame and a second frame connected by bending, at least a part of the first frame is divided into a first arm and a second radiator spaced relatively by a first gap extending in a first direction, a conductive part of the second frame forms a second arm, a first end of the second arm is bent and connected to a first end of the first arm, a second end of the second arm is connected to the floor, the first arm and the second arm form a first radiator, a first end of the second radiator and a second end of the first arm are open ends, the first gap extends in the first direction, the second radiator has a second gap extending in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular;

[0024] A feeding structure, located on the floor, is respectively connected to the first arm and the second radiator for feeding the first radiator and the second radiator; wherein

[0025] When the first radiator is fed, a first resonance is generated, when the second radiator is fed, a second resonance is generated, the frequencies of the first resonance and the second resonance are the same and the first polarization direction of the first resonance and the second polarization direction of the second resonance are orthogonal.

[0026] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the first arm in the second direction is one quarter of the wavelength of the first resonance, and the electrical length of the second gap in the second direction is one half of the wavelength of the first resonance.

[0027] In some embodiments, the floor is perpendicular to the first frame and the second frame, a first side of the floor includes a hollowed-out part and a non-hollowed-out part, the hollowed-out part is opposite to the first radiator and a part of the second radiator, and the non-hollowed-out part is opposite to another part of the second radiator.

[0028] In some embodiments, the non-hollowed-out part is connected to the inner side of the second gap.

[0029] In some embodiments, the feeding structure includes a feed source, a feeder, a matching network, a first stub and a second stub, the feed source is located on the floor, the matching network, the first stub and the second stub are located in the hollowed-out part, the feed source is connected in series with the matching network through the feeder, an output end of the matching network is respectively connected to an input end of the first stub and an input end of the second stub, an output end of the first stub is connected to the first radiator, and an output end of the second stub is connected to the second radiator; wherein

[0030] The electrical length D1 of the first stub and the electrical length D2 of the second stub satisfy: 0.2λ≤D1 - D2≤0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

[0031] In some embodiments, the matching network is located in the hollowed-out part relative to the second radiator, the matching network includes an inductor and an open stub, the open stub has two open ends in the first direction, and the output end of the matching network is located on a side of the open stub facing the second radiator;

[0032] The first branch includes a first sub-branch and a second sub-branch connected by a bend. The first sub-branch is connected to a position on the first arm away from the first gap and extends away from the first arm. The second sub-branch is connected between the first sub-branch and the output terminal of the matching network;

[0033] The second branch includes a third sub-branch and a fourth sub-branch connected by a bend. The third sub-branch is connected to the outside of the second gap and extends toward the inside of the second gap in the first direction. The fourth sub-branch is connected between the third sub-branch and the output terminal of the matching network.

[0034] In some embodiments, the length of the third sub-branch is equal to the width of the second gap, and there is a notch at the position corresponding to the end of the third sub-branch of the second gap.

[0035] In some embodiments, one end of the first radiator away from the second radiator is a first grounding end, and the first grounding end is connected to the floor.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first radiator is an IFA antenna, and when the first radiator is fed with current, it operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode. The second radiator is a slot antenna, and when the second radiator is fed with current, it operates in a half-wavelength resonance mode.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first frame is the bottom frame of the electronic device, and the second frame is the side frame bent and connected to the bottom frame. Description of the Drawings

[0038] In the drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings denote the same or similar components or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0040] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of A in;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the first radiator, the second radiator, and the feeding structure according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0042] Figure 4 A front view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0043] Figure 5 Shown Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of B in;

[0044] Figure 6 Shows the simulation results of the directivity coefficient of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 7 Shows the spatial simulation diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the omnidirectional radiation of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 8 Shows the spatial simulation diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the right - hand circular polarization;

[0047] Figure 9 Shows the curve of the gain of the right - hand circular polarization and left - hand circular polarization of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application changing with frequency;

[0048] Figure 10 Shows the curve of the axial ratio gain of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application changing with frequency;

[0049] Figure 11 Shows the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first radiator and the second radiator of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 12 Shows the schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 0° according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 13 Shows the schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 90° according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 14 Shows the schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 180° according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 15 Shows the schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 270° according to an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are simply described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the drawings and the description are considered to be exemplary in nature rather than restrictive.

[0055] The feeding structure is a combination of component parts of an antenna for the purpose of receiving and transmitting radio frequency waves. In the case of a receiving antenna, the feeding structure can be considered as the antenna part from the first amplifier to the front-end transmitter. In a transmitting antenna, the feeding structure can be regarded as the part after the last power amplifier. In some cases, when understood narrowly, the "feeding structure" is the radio frequency chip, or includes the transmission path from the radio frequency chip to the feeding point on the radiator or transmission line. The feeding structure has the function of converting an electrical signal into a radio wave and sending it to the transmitter component, or converting a radio wave into an electrical signal and sending it to the receiver component. Generally, it is considered as part of the antenna for converting a radio wave into an electrical signal and vice versa. When designing an antenna, the maximum power transmission possibility and efficiency should be considered. For this purpose, the antenna input impedance must match the load resistance. The antenna feed impedance is a combination of resistance, capacitance and / or inductance. To ensure the maximum power transmission condition, the two impedances (load resistance and feed impedance) should match. The matching can be achieved by considering the frequency requirements and the design parameters of the antenna (such as gain, directivity and radiation efficiency).

[0056] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna input impedance is zero. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range where resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20 dB.

[0057] Ground / Floor: It can generally refer to at least a part of any ground layer, ground plane, or ground metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a part of any combination of the above-mentioned ground layer, ground plane, or ground component, etc. "Ground / Floor" can be used for grounding components in an electronic device. In one embodiment, "Ground / Floor" can include any one or more of the following: the ground layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, the ground plane formed by the middle frame of the electronic device, the ground metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen, the conductive ground layer of the battery, and the conductive or metal component electrically connected to the above-mentioned ground layer / ground plane / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12 - 14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric layers or insulating layers such as fiberglass, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, and the trace layer and the ground layer are electrically connected through vias. In one embodiment, components such as a display, a touch screen, an input button, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, a system on chip (SoC) structure, etc. can be mounted on the circuit board or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the trace layer and / or the ground layer in the circuit board. For example, the radio frequency source (radio frequency chip) in the feed point structure is disposed on the trace layer.

[0058] Any of the above-mentioned ground layer, ground plane, or ground metal layer is made of a conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate, and tin-plated copper, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-coated substrate, brass-coated substrate, and aluminum-coated substrate. Those skilled in the art can understand that the ground layer / ground plane / ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0059] Grounding: It means achieving coupling with the above-mentioned ground / floor in any way. In one embodiment, grounding can be through physical grounding, such as achieving physical grounding (or called, physical ground) at a specific position on the frame through some structural components of the middle frame. In one embodiment, grounding can be through device grounding, such as grounding through devices such as series or parallel capacitors / inductors / resistors, etc. (or called, device ground).

[0060] Radiator, or antenna branch: is a device in the antenna used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the narrow sense of "antenna" is to be understood as a radiator, which converts the waveguide energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into waveguide energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and is converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy by the radiator and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is transmitted to the receiver input via the feeder line.

[0061] Capacitance: It can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

[0062] Inductance: It can be understood as lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductors; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a certain length of conductive parts (such as conductive sheets, wires, etc.), such as the equivalent inductance formed by the conductor due to curling or rotation.

[0063] Open end, closed end: In some embodiments, the open end and the closed end are, for example, relative to whether they are grounded. The closed end is grounded, and the open end is not grounded. In some embodiments, the open end and the closed end are, for example, relative to other conductors. The closed end is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open end is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open end can also be referred to as a suspended end, a free end, an open end, or an open-circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end can also be referred to as a grounded end or a short-circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled and connected through the open end to transfer coupling energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0064] In some embodiments, the "closed end" can also be understood from the perspective of current distribution. The closed end or the grounded end, etc., can be understood as a point with larger current on the radiator, or as a point with smaller electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current / small electric field can be maintained by coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the closed end. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current / small electric field can be maintained by opening a gap at or near the closed end (for example, a gap filled with insulating material).

[0065] In some embodiments, the understanding of an "open end" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. The open end or floating end, etc., can be understood as a small current point on the radiator or a large electric field point on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling an electronic device (such as a capacitor, inductor, etc.) through the open end may not change the current distribution characteristics of the small current point / large electric field point.

[0066] It should be understood that coupling an electronic device (such as a capacitor, inductor, etc.) to the radiator end at a gap (viewed from the structure of the radiator, similar to the radiator at the opening of an open end or floating end) can make the radiator end a large current point / small electric field point. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at this gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0067] Antenna pattern: Also known as the radiation pattern. It refers to the graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus value) of the antenna radiation field changing with direction at a certain distance (far field) from the antenna. Usually, it is represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the direction of the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.

[0068] An antenna pattern usually has multiple radiation beams. The radiation beam with the maximum radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or minor lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the direction opposite to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0069] When an electromagnetic wave propagates in space, the direction of its electric field changes according to a certain direction, and this change is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave. That is to say, the oscillation plane of the electric field defines the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. According to the change mode of the electric field, the polarization of a plane electromagnetic wave can be divided into three types: linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. When the trajectory traced by the end point of the electric field vector in space is periodically a circle or an ellipse, looking along the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation, as time goes by, if the trajectory rotates along the right - hand screw relationship or clockwise direction, it is called right - hand circular polarization; if the trajectory rotates along the left - hand screw relationship or counter - clockwise direction, it is called left - hand circular polarization.

[0070] In a satellite communication system, circularly polarized waves are often used because they are less affected by multipath effects and polarization distortion (for example, when a linearly polarized wave passes through the ionosphere, polarization rotation occurs (generally called "Faraday rotation")), and there are no strict requirements for the placement attitude of the receiving antenna. This means that a satellite antenna using circularly polarized waves can maintain a relatively high gain within a certain angle range, which is particularly important for electronic devices with satellite communication and navigation functions because they may need to receive signals in constantly changing directions.

[0071] A circularly polarized wave can be decomposed into two linearly polarized waves with a phase difference of 90°, equal amplitude, and orthogonal in space. Similarly, two linearly polarized waves with a phase difference of 90°, equal amplitude, and orthogonal in space can also be synthesized into a circularly polarized wave. Such characteristics can be used to synthesize circularly polarized waves as much as possible within the limited design space of electronic devices, especially mobile electronic devices, thereby improving the ability to transmit / receive satellite signals.

[0072] Under circular polarization, the electric field vector endpoints periodically draw ellipse tracks in space, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is called the axial ratio. The axial ratio is an important performance indicator of circularly polarized antennas. It represents the purity of circular polarization and is an important indicator for measuring the difference in signal gain of electronic equipment in different directions. The closer the circular polarization axial ratio of the antenna is to 1 (the electric field vector endpoints periodically draw a circle in space), the better its circular polarization performance.

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of an electronic device 1 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 2 Show Figure 1 A is an enlarged schematic diagram. Figure 3 FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a first radiator 23, a second radiator 24 and a feeding structure 40 according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 FIG. 1 shows a front view of an electronic device 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 Show Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of B.

[0074] See also Figures 1 to 5 The present application provides an antenna structure, including a floor 10, a first radiator 23, a second radiator 24, and a feeding structure 40.

[0075] The first radiator 23 includes a first arm 231 and a second arm 232 . The first end of the second arm 232 is bent and connected to the first end of the first arm 231 , and the second end of the second arm 232 is connected to the floor 10 .

[0076] It should be noted that the bending connection is capable of providing a stable connection within a predetermined angle range. Exemplarily, the angle of the bending connection is 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, etc. It is understandable that it is only necessary to realize that there is an angle between the first arm 231 and the second arm 232, and the angle of the angle is not limited here.

[0077] The first end of the second radiator 24 and the second end of the first arm 231 are opposite to each other through the first gap 30, that is, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 are opposite to each other through the first gap 30. The first end of the second radiator 24 and the second end of the first arm 231 are open ends, and the first gap 30 extends along the first direction X.

[0078] Exemplarily, the electronic device 1 includes a rectangular housing 20, and the housing 20 includes a first side frame 21 and a second side frame 22 that are bent and connected, and at least part of the first side frame 21 and the second side frame 22 constitutes a conductive part. A first gap 30 is provided on the first side frame 21, thereby separating at least part of the first side frame 21 to form opposite first arms 231 and a second radiator 24.

[0079] Exemplarily, the positions of the ground plane 10, the first radiator 23, and the second radiator 24 in the first direction X (or, referred to as the thickness direction of the electronic device 1 or the housing 20) can be adjusted. For example, the ground plane 10 can be located at the midpoint position of the housing 20 in the first direction X or other appropriate positions to divide the housing 20 into a front part housing and a rear part housing in the first direction X. In some examples, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 can be formed by the corresponding conductive parts of the front part housing, that is, the part of the housing located behind the ground plane 10 may not form a part of the antenna structure in the embodiments of the present application; in other examples, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 can be formed by the corresponding common conductive parts of the front part housing and the rear part housing, that is, the part of the housing located behind the ground plane 10 may form a part of the antenna structure in the embodiments of the present application.

[0080] In some examples, the first side frame 21 and the second side frame 22 are strip-shaped, the first side frame 21 extends along the second direction Y, the second side frame 22 extends along the opposite direction of the third direction Z, the first side frame 21 can be the top side frame or the bottom side frame of the housing 20, and the second side frame 22 can be the side frame of the housing 20 that is bent and connected to the top side frame or the bottom side frame.

[0081] In other examples, the first side frame 21 and the second side frame 22 are strip-shaped, the first side frame 21 extends along the opposite direction of the third direction Z, the second side frame 22 extends along the second direction Y, the first side frame 21 can be the side frame of the housing 20, and the second side frame 22 can be the top side frame or the bottom side frame of the housing 20 that is bent and connected to the side frame.

[0082] The second radiator 24 has a second gap 241 extending along the second direction Y, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y and the third direction Z.

[0083] The feeding structure 40 is located on the ground plane 10, the feeding structure 40 is respectively connected to the first arm 231 and the second radiator 24, and the feeding structure 40 is used to feed the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0084] When the first radiator 23 is fed, a first resonance is generated. When the second radiator 24 is fed, a second resonance is generated. The frequencies of the first resonance and the second resonance are the same, and the first polarization direction of the first resonance and the second polarization direction of the second resonance are orthogonal.

[0085] Exemplarily, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 are fed respectively through a feeding structure 40, so that the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 generate resonances at the same frequency. The first radiator 23 generates a first resonance, and the second radiator 24 generates a second resonance. With such a setting, it is ensured that the antenna structure has a good frequency response within the operating frequency band, improving the operating efficiency and performance of the antenna.

[0086] According to the exemplary description of the embodiments of the present application, in a first aspect, a first polarization direction is formed when the first radiator 23 is fed, and a second polarization direction orthogonal to the first polarization direction is generated when the second radiator 24 is fed, so that the antenna structure of the embodiments of the present application can synthesize a circularly polarized signal. With such a setting, the antenna structure can receive signals in any polarization direction (such as satellite communication, Internet of Things terminals), improving the versatility of the antenna structure. In a second aspect, through the setting of the first slot 30, the first slot 30 can be used as a decoupling structure between the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 to isolate the direct current interference between the first arm 231 and the second radiator 24. In a third aspect, the first frame 21 is divided by the first slot 30 to form the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, realizing the physical integration of the antenna structure and the housing of the electronic device. Using the inherent length of the frame 20 as the effective part of the radiator saves the internal space of the electronic device, and there is no need for additional structures and complex matching networks 43, nor is there a need to reserve additional space inside the electronic device 1 for the antenna, thereby improving the space utilization rate and enabling the electronic device to be made thinner and lighter.

[0087] It should be known that circularly polarized antennas have advantages such as reducing multipath interference, improving signal stability, and enhancing receiving and transmitting efficiency, especially being prominent in mobile communication and satellite communication. Secondly, circularly polarized antennas can also better cope with complex and dynamic propagation environments, such as multipath reflection and scattering in urban environments, which is beneficial to reducing signal attenuation and interference, thereby providing higher-quality communication services.

[0088] Figure 6 Show the simulation results of the directivity coefficient of the electronic device 1 according to the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 6As shown, when the antenna structure is excited, the maximum radiation direction of its combined radiation pattern is in the opposite direction of the third direction Z (-Z), that is, it has an end-fire characteristic of radiating in the -Z direction, indicating that the antenna structure of the present application is a circularly polarized antenna with end-fire characteristics. It should be noted that a circularly polarized antenna with end-fire characteristics has high directivity and can concentrate most of the radiation energy in a specific direction, which is very effective in applications that require directional radiation or signal reception, such as point-to-point communication, radar systems, and satellite communication.

[0089] It can be understood that when the electronic device is a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone, in a call scenario such as a satellite call scenario, the mobile phone is usually held vertically, that is, the opposite direction of the third direction Z of the mobile phone points to the sky in the call scenario. Therefore, the resonance generated by the antenna structure described in the embodiments of the present application has a main lobe pointing to the sky in the mobile phone call scenario, and it has stronger transmission / reception efficiency for signals such as satellite signals from the zenith.

[0090] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the first arm 231 in the second direction Y is one-quarter of the wavelength of the first resonance, enabling the first arm 231 to operate in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode, which is beneficial for realizing the miniaturization design of the first arm 231. The electrical length of the second slot 241 in the second direction Y is one-half of the wavelength of the first resonance.

[0091] In the embodiments of the present application, the electrical length of the first arm 231 in the second direction Y being one-quarter of the wavelength of the first resonance can generate a polarization component along the second direction Y, and the electrical length of the second slot 241 in the second direction Y being one-half of the wavelength of the first resonance can generate a polarization component along the first direction X, causing the current of the first arm 231 to flow along the second direction Y and the current of the second slot 241 to be distributed along the first direction X. The two are spatially orthogonal and the feeding phase difference is 90°. A circularly polarized radiation field is formed through the superposition of the phase difference (90°), satisfying the circular polarization condition (left-handed or right-handed).

[0092] In some embodiments, the ground plane 10 is perpendicular to the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0093] In some examples, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 are formed on the first frame 21 and the second frame 22, and the first frame 21 and the second frame 22 are perpendicular to the ground plane 10, thereby making the ground plane 10 perpendicular to the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0094] In some embodiments, the first side of the floor 10 includes a hollowed-out portion 11 and a non-hollowed-out portion 12. The hollowed-out portion 11 is opposite to the first radiator 23 and a part of the second radiator 24 respectively, and the non-hollowed-out portion 12 is opposite to the other part of the second radiator 24. The floor 10 is disposed within the housing 20 of the electronic device 1. A hollowed-out portion 11 is formed at the position of the floor 10 opposite to the first frame 21, so that the hollowed-out portion 11 is opposite to the first frame 21.

[0095] For the antenna structure according to the embodiments of the present application, a hollowed-out portion 11 is formed on the floor 10, increasing the distance between the floor 10 and the first radiator 23 and the distance between the floor 10 and the second radiator 24, which is beneficial to reducing the shielding effect of the floor 10 on the electromagnetic waves of the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, avoiding energy loss, and enhancing the radiation efficiency of the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0096] In some embodiments, the non-hollowed-out portion 12 is connected to the inner side of the second slot 241, that is, part of the structure of the hollowed-out portion 11 is opposite to part of the structure of the second slot 241, and part of the structure of the non-hollowed-out portion 12 is opposite to part of the structure of the second slot 241. With such an arrangement, the grounding of the slot antenna can be achieved. Herein, the inner side of the second slot 241 is the side of the second slot 241 close to the floor 10, and the outer side of the second slot 241 is the side of the second slot 241 far from the floor 10.

[0097] In some embodiments, the feeding structure 40 includes a feed source 41, a feeder, a matching network 43, a first stub 44, and a second stub 42. The feed source 41 is located on the floor 10, and the matching network 43, the first stub 44, and the second stub 42 are located in the hollowed-out portion 11. The feed source 41 is connected in series with the matching network 43 through the feeder. The output end of the matching network 43 is respectively connected to the input end of the first stub 44 and the input end of the second stub 42. The output end of the first stub 44 is connected to the first radiator 23, and the output end of the second stub 42 is connected to the second radiator 24.

[0098] The electrical length D1 of the first stub 44 and the electrical length D2 of the second stub 42 satisfy: 0.2λ ≤ D1 - D2 ≤ 0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance, that is, the electrical length of the first stub 44 is about 90° in phase longer than the electrical length of the second stub 42.

[0099] Exemplarily, D1 - D2 is 0.2λ, D1 - D2 is 0.21λ, D1 - D2 is 0.22λ, D1 - D2 is 0.23λ, D1 - D2 is 0.24λ, D1 - D2 is 0.25λ, D1 - D2 is 0.26λ, D1 - D2 is 0.27λ, D1 - D2 is 0.28λ, D1 - D2 is 0.29λ, D1 - D2 is 0.3λ. It should be noted that D1 - D2 only needs to satisfy the range of 0.2λ to 0.3λ, and the specific parameters of D1 - D2 are not limited.

[0100] According to the embodiments of the present application, by disposing the matching network 43 in the hollowed - out portion 11, defining the electrical length difference between the first stub 44 and the second stub 42 (0.2λ ≤ D1 - D2 ≤ 0.3λ), at the target frequency, a phase difference of about 72° - 108° is introduced between the first stub 44 and the second stub 42, enabling the present application to provide equal - amplitude and 90° phase - difference feeding for the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, satisfying the orthogonal condition of the 90° phase - difference required for near - circular polarization, and further enabling the horizontal polarization component (the first polarization direction) and the vertical polarization component (the second polarization direction) to form a right - hand circular polarization (RHCP) wave after spatial superposition, meeting the requirements of satellite communication for polarization matching.

[0101] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 5 , the matching network 43 is located in the hollowed - out portion 11 relative to the second radiator 24. The matching network 43 includes an inductor 431 and an open - circuit stub 432. The open - circuit stub 432 has two open - circuit ends in the first direction X. The output end of the matching network 43 is located on the side of the open - circuit stub 432 facing the second radiator 24. The inductor 431 is used to compensate for the inductive component of the antenna structure, enabling the antenna structure to resonate perfectly at the target frequency. The open - circuit stub 432 forms an equivalent capacitance (about 0.3 pF) through the open - circuit characteristic at the end, which is used to adjust the parasitic capacitance component, equivalent to paralleling a capacitor of about 0.3 pF, and further canceling the parasitic inductance 431 of the feeder to further optimize the impedance - matching bandwidth.

[0102] Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 5 , the first stub 44 includes a first sub - stub 441 and a second sub - stub 442 connected by bending. The first sub - stub 441 is connected to a position of the first arm 231 far from the first gap 30 and extends away from the first arm 231. The second sub - stub 442 is connected between the first sub - stub 441 and the output end of the matching network 43.

[0103] In some examples, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 5, the first sub-branch 441 and the second sub-branch 442 are respectively strip-shaped. The first sub-branch 441 extends along the first direction X, and the second sub-branch 442 extends along the second direction Y. With such an arrangement, the bending structure of the first sub-branch 441 and the second sub-branch 442 can be used to extend the current path, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency of the antenna structure, optimizing the radiation pattern and directivity of the antenna structure, and improving the gain and radiation efficiency of the radiator.

[0104] The second branch 42 includes a third sub-branch 421 and a fourth sub-branch 422 that are bent and connected. The third sub-branch 421 is connected to the outside of the second slot 241 and extends along the first direction X toward the inside of the second slot 241. The fourth sub-branch 422 is connected between the third sub-branch 421 and the output end of the matching network 43 and extends along the first direction X to the inside of the second slot 241.

[0105] In some embodiments, the length of the third sub-branch 421 is equal to the width of the second slot 241. With such an arrangement, the third sub-branch 421 can evenly distribute current along the slot edge, effectively exciting the vertical polarization (z-direction) electric field of the second slot 241, while avoiding the electric field distortion or resonant frequency shift caused by size mismatch. The second slot 241 has a notch at the position corresponding to the end of the third sub-branch 421. By locally disconnecting the conductive surface and adjusting the equivalent electrical length of the second slot 241, the coupling efficiency and resonant characteristics can be further optimized to ensure the effective excitation of the vertical polarization electric field.

[0106] In the embodiments of the present application, the notch is equivalent to introducing a small capacitor or inductor 431 to compensate for the frequency deviation caused by manufacturing tolerances or environmental changes, ensuring that the second radiator 24 resonates precisely in the target frequency band.

[0107] In some embodiments, one end of the first radiator 23 away from the second radiator 24 is the first grounding end, and the first grounding end is connected to the floor 10.

[0108] In some examples, the second arm 232 is at least part of the conductive structure of the second frame 22, and the second arm 232 is connected to the floor 10 to achieve the grounding of the first radiator 23.

[0109] In some embodiments, the first radiator 23 is an IFA antenna, and the first radiator 23 operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode when fed with current. The second radiator 24 is a slot antenna, and the second radiator operates in a half-wavelength resonance mode when fed with current.

[0110] Gain is another important parameter characterizing the performance of an antenna, which is used to measure the ability of the antenna to transmit and receive signals in a specific direction. Specifically, it refers to the ratio of the power density of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiation element at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power, usually expressed in dBi. Therefore, the gain can quantitatively describe the degree to which the antenna concentrates and radiates the input power into space. Among them, Figure 7 shows the spatial simulation diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the electronic device 1 in omnidirectional radiation according to the embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 7 , the main lobe of the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application radiates towards the top direction (-Z) of the mobile phone. Figure 7 It shows that the gain in the -Z direction is 5.767 dBi, indicating that the antenna structure of the present application can have good end-fire characteristics, and the antenna gain in the direction towards the satellite is the highest. Figure 8 shows the spatial simulation diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the right-hand circular polarization. Refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 is the radiation pattern of the right-hand circular polarization component. The main lobe of the right-hand polarization component also radiates towards the top direction (-Z) of the mobile phone. The gain in the -Z direction is 5.441 dBi, indicating that the right-hand circular polarization component of the antenna structure of the present application also has good end-fire characteristics, that is, the antenna gain in the direction towards the satellite is the highest.

[0111] Considering that the positioning signal sent by the satellite system is usually a right-hand circular polarization signal after passing through the ionosphere, therefore, for the electronic device 1, using a right-hand circular polarization antenna can effectively suppress the polarization mismatch of the antenna structure, that is, the right-hand circular polarization antenna can better receive the right-hand circular polarization positioning signal sent by the satellite system. At the same time, the right-hand circular polarization radiation can also filter the left-hand circular polarization satellite signal reflected by high-rise buildings or the ground to reduce multipath interference, thereby effectively improving the positioning accuracy of the positioning antenna of the electronic device 1. And the right-hand circular polarization component of the antenna structure of the present application also has good end-fire characteristics, indicating that the antenna structure of the present application can effectively suppress the polarization mismatch of the antenna structure and can better receive the right-hand circular polarization positioning signal sent by the satellite system.

[0112] Figure 9 shows the curve diagram of the gain of the right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization of the electronic device 1 according to the embodiment of the present application changing with frequency. Figure 10 shows the curve diagram of the axial ratio gain of the electronic device 1 according to the embodiment of the present application changing with frequency. Refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10, at the center frequency of 2.49 GHz, the antenna gain corresponding to right - hand circular polarization is 5.441 dBic, and the antenna gain corresponding to left - hand circular polarization is - 6.725 dBic. This shows that the present application has good gain in right - hand circular polarization, and the cross - polarization ratio is as high as 12 dB. The larger the cross - polarization ratio, the stronger the orthogonality of the left - hand and right - hand circular polarization signals that can be obtained from the antenna structure, the smaller the correlation between the two signals, and the better the polarization effect finally achieved. Secondly, in the frequency band of 2.483 - 2.5 GHz, the gain in right - hand circular polarization is greater than 5 dBic, and the axial ratio is less than 2 dB, that is, it has good right - hand circular polarization characteristics in the target frequency band of 2.483 - 2.5 GHz, indicating that the present application has good gain in right - hand circular polarization.

[0113] Figure 11 Shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 of the electronic device 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11 Shows a schematic diagram of the electric field direction generated by the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24. The first radiator 23 mainly relies on end radiation, and a strong electric field extending along the second direction Y is generated at the first slit 30 at the open end of the first radiator 23. The second radiator 24 generates an electric field in the reverse direction (-X) of the first direction X at the second slit 241.

[0114] Figure 12 Shows a schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 0° according to an embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 12 , when the phase is 0°, the electric field at the first slit 30 points to the second direction Y, and the electric field at the second slit 241 points to the first direction X. The combined electric field direction is in the plane where the X - axis and the Y - axis are located and is respectively 45° different from the first direction X and the second direction Y (as shown by the red arrow in the figure).

[0115] Figure 13 Shows a schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 90° according to an embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 13 , when the phase is 90°, the electric field at the first slit 30 points to the reverse direction (-Y) of the second direction Y, and the electric field at the second slit 241 points to the first direction X. The combined electric field direction is in the plane where the X - axis and the Y - axis are located, and the combined electric field is respectively 45° different from the first direction X and 135° different from the second direction Y (as shown by the red arrow in the figure).

[0116] Figure 14 Shows a schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 180° according to an embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 14, when the phase is 180°, the electric field at the first slit 30 points in the opposite direction (-Y) of the second direction Y, and the electric field at the second slit 241 points in the opposite direction (-X) of the first direction X. The direction of the combined electric field is in the plane where the X-axis and the Y-axis are located, and the combined electric field makes an angle of 135° with the first direction X and an angle of 135° with the second direction Y respectively (as shown by the red arrow in the figure).

[0117] Figure 15 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the electric field direction when the phase is 270° according to an embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 15 , when the phase is 270°, the electric field at the first slit 30 points in the second direction Y, and the electric field at the second slit 241 points in the opposite direction (-X) of the first direction X. The direction of the combined electric field is in the plane where the X-axis and the Y-axis are located, and the combined electric field makes an angle of 135° with the first direction X and an angle of 45° with the second direction Y respectively (as shown by the red arrow in the figure).

[0118] It should be noted that Figures 12 to 15 is a schematic diagram of the change in the electric field distribution within one phase period at the feeding point. It can be seen that the direction of the combined electric field of the antenna structure rotates clockwise as the phase changes. It shows that the antenna structure of the present application has the characteristic of right-handed polarization and can better receive the right-handed circularly polarized positioning signals emitted by the satellite system.

[0119] As another aspect of the present application, an electronic device 1 is further provided, including: a floor 10, a housing 20, and a feeding structure 40.

[0120] The electronic device 1 should be understood in a broad sense, including devices with communication functions such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, computers, wearable devices, drones, robots, digital cameras, etc. In the embodiments of the present application, a mobile phone is taken as an example for illustration, and other electronic devices 1 can be interpreted and referred to in a similar manner.

[0121] In the case where the mobile phone is the electronic device 1, the mobile phone may include: a cover plate, a display screen, a printed circuit board (PCB), a middle frame, and a rear cover. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover plate may be a glass cover plate or may be replaced with a cover plate made of other materials, such as a cover plate made of PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material, etc.

[0122] Among them, the cover plate can be disposed close to the display screen and is mainly used to protect the display screen and prevent dust. The display screen can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc.

[0123] The middle frame mainly plays a supporting role for the whole machine. The middle frame can include a frame body 20 and a middle plate, and the frame body 20 can surround the periphery of the middle plate.

[0124] The frame body 20 includes a first side frame 21 and a second side frame 22 which are bent and connected. At least part of the first side frame 21 is divided into a first arm 231 and a second radiator 24 which are spaced apart by a first gap 30 extending along the first direction X. The conductive part of the second side frame 22 forms a second arm 232. The first end of the second arm 232 is bent and connected to the first end of the first arm 231. The second end of the second arm 232 is connected to the floor 10. The first arm 231 and the second arm 232 form a first radiator 23. The first end of the second radiator 24 and the second end of the first arm 231 are open ends. The first gap 30 extends along the first direction X. The second radiator 24 has a second gap 241 extending along the second direction Y. The first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular.

[0125] Exemplarily, at least part of the first side frame 21 and the second side frame 22 constitute a conductive part. The first gap 30 is disposed on the first side frame 21, so as to divide at least part of the first side frame 21 to form the opposite first arm 231 and the second radiator 24.

[0126] Exemplarily, the positions of the floor 10, the first radiator 23, and the second radiator 24 in the first direction X (or, referred to as the thickness direction of the electronic device 1 or the frame body 20) can be adjusted. For example, the floor 10 can be located at the midpoint position of the frame body 20 in the first direction X or other appropriate positions, so as to divide the frame body 20 in the first direction X into a front part frame body and a rear part frame body. In some examples, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 can be constituted by the corresponding conductive parts of the front part frame body, that is, the frame body part located behind the floor 10 may not form a part of the antenna structure in the embodiments of the present application; in other examples, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 can be constituted by the corresponding common conductive parts of the front part frame body and the rear part frame body, that is, the frame body part located behind the floor 10 may form a part of the antenna structure in the embodiments of the present application.

[0127] In some examples, the first border 21 and the second border 22 are strip-shaped. The first border 21 extends along the second direction Y, and the second border 22 extends along the opposite direction of the third direction Z. The first border 21 can be the top border or the bottom border of the housing 20, and the second border 22 can be the side border of the housing 20 that is bent and connected to the top border or the bottom border.

[0128] In other examples, the first border 21 and the second border 22 are strip-shaped. The first border 21 extends along the opposite direction of the third direction Z, and the second border 22 extends along the second direction Y. The first border 21 can be the side border of the housing 20, and the second border 22 can be the top border or the bottom border of the housing 20 that is bent and connected to the side border.

[0129] The feeding structure 40 is located on the floor 10. The feeding structure 40 is respectively connected to the first arm 231 and the second radiator 24 for feeding the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0130] When the first radiator 23 is fed, a first resonance is generated. When the second radiator 24 is fed, a second resonance is generated. The frequencies of the first resonance and the second resonance are the same, and the first polarization direction of the first resonance and the second polarization direction of the second resonance are orthogonal.

[0131] Exemplarily, the feeding structure 40 feeds the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 respectively, so that the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 generate resonances at the same frequency. The first radiator 23 generates a first resonance, and the second radiator 24 generates a second resonance. With such a setting, it is ensured that the antenna structure has a good frequency response within the operating frequency band, improving the operating efficiency and performance of the antenna.

[0132] According to the exemplary description of the embodiments of the present application, in a first aspect, when the first radiator 23 is fed, a first polarization direction is formed, and when the second radiator 24 is fed, a second polarization direction orthogonal to the first polarization direction is generated, so that the antenna structure of the embodiments of the present application can synthesize a circularly polarized signal. With such a setting, the antenna structure can receive signals in any polarization direction (such as satellite communication, Internet of Things terminals), improving the versatility of the antenna structure. In a second aspect, through the setting of the first slot 30, the first slot 30 can serve as a decoupling structure between the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, isolating the direct current interference between the first arm 231 and the second radiator 24. In a third aspect, the first frame 21 is divided by the first slot 30 to form the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, realizing the physical integration of the antenna structure and the housing of the electronic device. Using the inherent length of the frame 20 as the effective part of the radiator saves the internal space of the electronic device, and there is no need for additional structures and complex matching networks 43, nor is it necessary to reserve additional space inside the electronic device 1 for the antenna, thereby improving the space utilization rate and enabling the electronic device to be made thinner and lighter.

[0133] It should be known that circularly polarized antennas have advantages such as reducing multipath interference, improving signal stability, and enhancing reception and transmission efficiency, especially being prominent in mobile communication and satellite communication. Secondly, circularly polarized antennas can also better cope with complex and dynamic propagation environments, such as multipath reflection and scattering in urban environments, which is beneficial to reducing signal attenuation and interference, thereby providing higher-quality communication services.

[0134] Figure 6 The simulation results of the directivity coefficient of the electronic device 1 according to the embodiments of the present application are shown, as Figure 6 shown, when the antenna structure is excited, the maximum radiation direction of the combined radiation pattern is in the opposite direction of the third direction Z (-Z), that is, it has an end-fire characteristic of radiating in the -Z direction, indicating that the antenna structure of the present application is a circularly polarized antenna with an end-fire characteristic.

[0135] It should be noted that a circularly polarized antenna with an end-fire characteristic has high directivity and can concentrate most of the radiation energy in a specific direction, which is very effective in applications that require directional radiation or reception of signals, such as point-to-point communication, radar systems, and satellite communication.

[0136] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the first arm 231 in the second direction Y is one-quarter of the wavelength of the first resonance, enabling the first arm 231 to operate in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode, which is beneficial to realizing the miniaturization design of the first arm 231. The electrical length of the second slot 241 in the second direction Y is one-half of the wavelength of the first resonance.

[0137] In the embodiment of the present application, the electrical length of the first arm 231 in the second direction Y is one - quarter of the wavelength of the first resonance, which can generate a polarization component along the second direction Y. The electrical length of the second slot 241 in the second direction Y is one - half of the wavelength of the first resonance, which can generate a polarization component along the first direction X. The current of the first arm 231 flows along the second direction Y, and the current of the second slot 241 is distributed along the first direction X. The two are spatially orthogonal and the feeding phase difference is 90°. A circularly polarized radiation field is formed by superimposing the phase difference (90°), satisfying the circular polarization condition (left - hand or right - hand).

[0138] In some embodiments, the ground plane 10 is perpendicular to the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0139] In some examples, the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24 are formed on the first frame 21 and the second frame 22. The first frame 21 and the second frame 22 are perpendicular to the ground plane 10, and thus the ground plane 10 is perpendicular to the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0140] In some embodiments, the first side of the ground plane 10 includes a hollowed - out portion 11 and a non - hollowed - out portion 12. The hollowed - out portion 11 is opposite to the first radiator 23 and a part of the second radiator 24 respectively, and the non - hollowed - out portion 12 is opposite to another part of the second radiator 24. The ground plane 10 is disposed within the housing 20 of the electronic device 1. The position of the ground plane 10 opposite to the first frame 21 forms the hollowed - out portion 11, and thus the hollowed - out portion 11 is opposite to the first frame 21.

[0141] According to the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application, a hollowed - out portion 11 is formed on the ground plane 10, increasing the distance between the ground plane 10 and the first radiator 23 and increasing the distance between the ground plane 10 and the second radiator 24. This is beneficial to reducing the shielding effect of the ground plane 10 on the electromagnetic waves of the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, avoiding energy loss, and enhancing the radiation efficiency of the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24.

[0142] In some embodiments, the non - hollowed - out portion 12 is connected to the inner side of the second slot 241, that is, a part of the structure of the hollowed - out portion 11 is opposite to a part of the structure of the second slot 241, and a part of the structure of the non - hollowed - out portion 12 is opposite to a part of the structure of the second slot 241. With such a setting, the grounding of the slot antenna can be realized. Here, the inner side of the second slot 241 is the side of the second slot 241 close to the ground plane 10, and the outer side of the second slot 241 is the side of the second slot 241 far from the ground plane 10.

[0143] In some embodiments, the feeding structure 40 includes a feed 41, a feeder, a matching network 43, a first stub 44, and a second stub 42. The feed 41 is located on the floor 10, and the matching network 43, the first stub 44, and the second stub 42 are located in the hollowed-out portion 11. The feed 41 is connected in series with the matching network 43 through the feeder. The output ends of the matching network 43 are respectively connected to the input end of the first stub 44 and the input end of the second stub 42. The output end of the first stub 44 is connected to the first radiator 23, and the output end of the second stub 42 is connected to the second radiator 24.

[0144] The electrical length D1 of the first stub 44 and the electrical length D2 of the second stub 42 satisfy: 0.2λ ≤ D1 - D2 ≤ 0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance, that is, the electrical length of the first stub 44 is about 90° out of phase with the electrical length of the second stub 42.

[0145] Exemplarily, D1 - D2 is 0.2λ, D1 - D2 is 0.21λ, D1 - D2 is 0.22λ, D1 - D2 is 0.23λ, D1 - D2 is 0.24λ, D1 - D2 is 0.25λ, D1 - D2 is 0.26λ, D1 - D2 is 0.27λ, D1 - D2 is 0.28λ, D1 - D2 is 0.29λ, D1 - D2 is 0.3λ. It should be noted that D1 - D2 only needs to satisfy the range of 0.2λ to 0.3λ, and the specific parameters of D1 - D2 are not limited.

[0146] According to the embodiments of the present application, by arranging the matching network 43 in the hollowed-out portion 11 and limiting the electrical length difference between the first stub 44 and the second stub 42 (0.2λ ≤ D1 - D2 ≤ 0.3λ), at the target frequency, a phase difference of about 72° to 108° is introduced between the first stub 44 and the second stub 42, enabling the present application to provide equal-amplitude feeding with a 90° phase difference for the first radiator 23 and the second radiator 24, satisfying the orthogonal condition of the 90° phase difference required for near circular polarization. Furthermore, the horizontal polarization component (the first polarization direction) and the vertical polarization component (the second polarization direction) are superimposed in space to form a right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) wave, meeting the requirements of satellite communication for polarization matching.

[0147] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 5, the matching network 43 is located at the hollowed-out portion 11 with respect to the second radiator 24. The matching network 43 includes an inductor 431 and an open stub 432. The open stub 432 has two open ends in the first direction X. The output end of the matching network 43 is located on the side of the open stub 432 facing the second radiator 24. The inductor 431 is used to compensate for the inductive component of the antenna structure, so that the antenna structure resonates perfectly at the target frequency. The open stub 432 forms an equivalent capacitance (about 0.3 pF) through the open characteristic at the end, which is used to adjust the parasitic capacitance component, equivalent to connecting a capacitor of about 0.3 pF in parallel, and further cancels the parasitic inductance 431 of the feeder, further optimizing the impedance matching bandwidth.

[0148] See Figure 3 and Figure 5 , the first stub 44 includes a first sub-stub 441 and a second sub-stub 442 connected by bending. The first sub-stub 441 is connected to the position of the first arm 231 far from the first slit 30 and extends away from the first arm 231. The second sub-stub 442 is connected between the first sub-stub 441 and the output end of the matching network 43.

[0149] In some examples, see Figure 3 and Figure 5 , the first sub-stub 441 and the second sub-stub 442 are respectively strip-shaped. The first sub-stub 441 extends along the first direction X, and the second sub-stub 442 extends along the second direction Y. With such a setting, the current path can be extended through the bending structure of the first sub-stub 441 and the second sub-stub 442, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency of the antenna structure, optimizing the radiation pattern and directivity of the antenna structure, and improving the gain and radiation efficiency of the radiator.

[0150] The second stub 42 includes a third sub-stub 421 and a fourth sub-stub 422 connected by bending. The third sub-stub 421 is connected to the outside of the second slit 241 and extends toward the inside of the second slit 241 along the first direction X. The fourth sub-stub 422 is connected between the third sub-stub 421 and the output end of the matching network 43 and extends to the inside of the second slit 241 along the first direction X.

[0151] In some embodiments, the length of the third sub-stub 421 is equal to the width of the second slit 241. With such a setting, the third sub-stub 421 can evenly distribute the current along the slit edge, effectively exciting the vertical polarization (z-direction) electric field of the second slit 241, and at the same time avoiding the situation of electric field distortion or resonant frequency shift caused by size mismatch. There is a notch at the position of the second slit 241 corresponding to the end of the third sub-stub 421. By locally disconnecting the conductive surface and adjusting the equivalent electrical length of the second slit 241, the coupling efficiency and resonant characteristics can be further optimized to ensure the effective excitation of the vertical polarization electric field.

[0152] In the embodiments of the present application, the notch is equivalent to introducing a tiny capacitor or inductor 431 to compensate for the frequency deviation caused by manufacturing tolerances or environmental changes, ensuring that the second radiator 24 resonates precisely in the target frequency band.

[0153] In some embodiments, one end of the first radiator 23 away from the second radiator 24 is the first grounding end, and the first grounding end is connected to the floor 10.

[0154] In some examples, the second arm 232 is at least part of the conductive structure of the second frame 22, and the second arm 232 is connected to the floor 10 to achieve grounding of the first radiator 23.

[0155] In some embodiments, the first radiator 23 is an IFA antenna, and when the first radiator 23 is fed with current, it operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode. The second radiator 24 is a slot antenna, and when the second radiator is fed with current, it operates in a half-wavelength resonance mode.

[0156] In some embodiments, the first frame 21 is the bottom frame of the electronic device 1, and the second frame 22 is the side frame bent and connected to the bottom frame.

[0157] Gain is another important parameter characterizing the performance of an antenna, used to measure the ability of the antenna to receive and transmit signals in a specific direction. Specifically, it refers to the ratio of the power density of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiation unit at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power, usually expressed in dBi. Therefore, the gain can quantitatively describe the degree to which the antenna concentrates the input power and radiates it into space. Among them, Figure 7 shows the spatial simulation diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the omnidirectional radiation of the electronic device 1 according to the embodiments of the present application. Refer to Figure 7 , the main lobe of the antenna structure in the embodiments of the present application radiates towards the top direction (-Z) of the mobile phone. Figure 7 shows that the gain in the -Z direction is 5.767 dBi, indicating that the antenna structure of the present application can have good end-fire characteristics, and the antenna gain in the direction towards the satellite is the highest. Figure 8 shows the spatial simulation diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the right-hand circular polarization. Refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 is the radiation pattern of the right-hand circular polarization component. The main lobe of the right-hand polarization component also radiates towards the top direction (-Z) of the mobile phone. The gain in the -Z direction is 5.441 dBi, indicating that the right-hand circular polarization component of the antenna structure of the present application also has good end-fire characteristics, that is, the antenna gain in the direction towards the satellite is the highest.

[0158] Considering that the positioning signal sent by the satellite system is usually a right - hand circularly polarized signal after passing through the ionosphere, for the electronic device 1, using a right - hand circularly polarized antenna can effectively suppress the polarization mismatch of the antenna structure. That is to say, the right - hand circularly polarized antenna can better receive the right - hand circularly polarized positioning signal sent by the satellite system. At the same time, the right - hand circularly polarized radiation can also filter the left - hand circularly polarized satellite signals reflected by high - rise buildings or the ground to reduce multipath interference, thereby effectively improving the positioning accuracy of the positioning antenna of the electronic device 1. The right - hand circularly polarized component of the antenna structure of the present application also has good end - fire characteristics, indicating that the antenna structure of the present application can effectively suppress the polarization mismatch of the antenna structure and can better receive the right - hand circularly polarized positioning signal sent by the satellite system.

[0159] In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0160] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0161] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect", "connection", "fix", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0162] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include contact between the first and second features not directly but through additional features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicating that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0163] The above disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure of this application, components and settings of specific examples are described above. Of course, they are only examples and are not intended to limit this application. In addition, this application may repeat reference numerals and / or reference letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0164] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by this application can easily think of various changes or substitutions, and these should all be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, comprising: floor; A first radiator, the first radiator comprising a first arm and a second arm, the first end of the second arm is bent and connected to the first end of the first arm, and the second end of the second arm is connected to the floor; a second radiator, wherein a first end of the second radiator and a second end of the first arm are opposite to each other through a first gap, the first end of the second radiator and the second end of the first arm are open ends, and the first gap extends along a first direction; The second radiator has a second slit extending along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; a feeding structure, located on the floor, connected to the first arm and the second radiator respectively, and used for feeding the first radiator and the second radiator; in The first radiator generates a first resonance when fed, and the second radiator generates a second resonance when fed, the first resonance and the second resonance have the same frequency, and a first polarization direction of the first resonance and a second polarization direction of the second resonance are orthogonal.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: An electrical length of the first arm in the second direction is one quarter of a wavelength of the first resonance, and an electrical length of the second slot in the second direction is one half of a wavelength of the first resonance.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The floor is perpendicular to the first radiator and the second radiator. The first side of the floor includes a hollow portion and a non-hollow portion. The hollow portion is opposite to the first radiator and part of the second radiator, and the non-hollow portion is opposite to another part of the second radiator.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein: The non-hollow portion is connected to the inner side of the second slit.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein: The feeding structure comprises a feed source, a feed line, a matching network, a first branch and a second branch, wherein the feed source is located on the floor, the matching network, the first branch and the second branch are located in the hollow portion, the feed source is connected in series with the matching network through the feed line, the output end of the matching network is connected to the input end of the first branch and the input end of the second branch respectively, the output end of the first branch is connected to the first radiator, and the output end of the second branch is connected to the second radiator; in The electrical length D1 of the first branch and the electrical length D2 of the second branch satisfy: 0.2λ≤D1-D2≤0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein: The matching network is located at the hollow portion relative to the second radiator, the matching network comprises an inductor and an open-circuit branch, the open-circuit branch has two open-circuit ends in the first direction, and the output end of the matching network is located at a side of the open-circuit branch facing the second radiator; The first branch includes a first sub-branch and a second sub-branch connected in a bent manner, the first sub-branch is connected to a position of the first arm away from the first gap and extends away from the first arm, and the second sub-branch is connected between the first sub-branch and an output end of the matching network; The second branch includes a third sub-branch and a fourth sub-branch that are bent and connected, the third sub-branch is connected to the outside of the second gap and extends along the first direction toward the inside of the second gap, and the fourth sub-branch is connected between the third sub-branch and the output end of the matching network.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, wherein: The length of the third sub-branch is equal to the width of the second slit, and the second slit has a gap at a position corresponding to the end of the third sub-branch.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein: One end of the first radiator away from the second radiator is a first grounding end, and the first grounding end is connected to the floor.

9. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The first radiator is an IFA antenna. When current is fed into the first radiator, the first radiator operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode. The second radiator is a slot antenna. When current is fed into the second radiator, the second radiator operates in a half-wavelength resonance mode.

10. An electronic device comprising: floor; A frame, the frame comprising a first frame and a second frame connected by bending, at least a portion of the first frame is divided into a first arm and a second radiator spaced opposite to each other by a first slit extending along a first direction, a conductive portion of the second frame forms a second arm, a first end of the second arm is bent and connected to a first end of the first arm, a second end of the second arm is connected to the floor, the first arm and the second arm form a first radiator, a first end of the second radiator and a second end of the first arm are open ends, the first slit extends along a first direction, the second radiator has a second slit extending along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; a feeding structure, located on the floor, connected to the first arm and the second radiator respectively, and used for feeding the first radiator and the second radiator; in The first radiator generates a first resonance when fed, and the second radiator generates a second resonance when fed, the first resonance and the second resonance have the same frequency, and a first polarization direction of the first resonance and a second polarization direction of the second resonance are orthogonal.

11. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein: An electrical length of the first arm in the second direction is one quarter of a wavelength of the first resonance, and an electrical length of the second slot in the second direction is one half of a wavelength of the first resonance.

12. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein: The floor is perpendicular to the first frame and the second frame. The first side of the floor includes a hollow part and a non-hollow part. The hollow part is opposite to the first radiator and part of the second radiator, and the non-hollow part is opposite to another part of the second radiator.

13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein: The non-hollow portion is connected to the inner side of the second slit.

14. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein: The feeding structure comprises a feed source, a feed line, a matching network, a first branch and a second branch, wherein the feed source is located on the floor, the matching network, the first branch and the second branch are located in the hollow portion, the feed source is connected in series with the matching network through the feed line, the output end of the matching network is connected to the input end of the first branch and the input end of the second branch respectively, the output end of the first branch is connected to the first radiator, and the output end of the second branch is connected to the second radiator; in The electrical length D1 of the first branch and the electrical length D2 of the second branch satisfy: 0.2λ≤D1-D2≤0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, wherein: The matching network is located at the hollow portion relative to the second radiator, the matching network comprises an inductor and an open-circuit branch, the open-circuit branch has two open-circuit ends in the first direction, and the output end of the matching network is located at a side of the open-circuit branch facing the second radiator; The first branch includes a first sub-branch and a second sub-branch connected in a bent manner, the first sub-branch is connected to a position of the first arm away from the first gap and extends away from the first arm, and the second sub-branch is connected between the first sub-branch and an output end of the matching network; The second branch includes a third sub-branch and a fourth sub-branch that are bent and connected, the third sub-branch is connected to the outside of the second gap and extends along the first direction toward the inside of the second gap, and the fourth sub-branch is connected between the third sub-branch and the output end of the matching network.

16. The electronic device according to claim 15, wherein: The length of the third sub-branch is equal to the width of the second slit, and the second slit has a gap at a position corresponding to the end of the third sub-branch.

17. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein: One end of the first radiator away from the second radiator is a first grounding end, and the first grounding end is connected to the floor.

18. The electronic device according to any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein: The first radiator is an IFA antenna. When current is fed into the first radiator, the first radiator operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode. The second radiator is a slot antenna. When current is fed into the second radiator, the second radiator operates in a half-wavelength resonance mode.

19. The electronic device according to any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein: The first frame is a bottom frame of the electronic device, and the second frame is a side frame bent and connected to the bottom frame.

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