Numerical control horizontal lathe

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of numerical control lathes, in particular to a numerical control horizontal lathe which comprises a lathe body, a chuck, a center, an integrated feeding mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The feeding mechanism achieves automatic conveying of bars through a sliding rail and a screw driven by a motor. The measuring mechanism adopts a signal transmitter and a signal receiver which are symmetrical, measures the diameter of the bar in a non-contact mode through time difference, and calculates the axis distance in combination with the inclination angle of the clamping mechanism. The clamping mechanism adjusts the height of the bar through a lifting rod and magnetic attraction reset design, and it is guaranteed that the axis of the bar accurately coincides with the axis of a chuck. In addition, the distance between the mounting seats is adjusted through a hand wheel to adapt to bars with different lengths. Full-process automation of bar conveying, positioning and clamping is achieved, the machining efficiency and precision are remarkably improved, manual intervention is reduced, and the automatic bar clamping device is suitable for high-precision machining of shaft and disc parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of CNC lathes, and particularly to a CNC horizontal lathe. Background Art

[0002] As a core device in the modern machining field, CNC horizontal lathes are widely used for precision machining of rotating parts such as shafts and discs. Its core function is to drive the workpiece to rotate through the main shaft and complete the cutting process in combination with the feed movement of the tool. However, with the continuous improvement of the manufacturing industry's requirements for processing efficiency, precision, and automation, there are still some limitations in the existing CNC horizontal lathes in terms of loading and positioning.

[0003] Existing equipment mostly relies on manual or semi-automatic methods to complete the loading and positioning of bar materials. The operator needs to manually adjust the position of the bar material between the chuck and the center, and check the coaxiality by visual inspection or simple measuring tools. This process is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also prone to installation inclination or eccentricity of the bar material due to human error, directly affecting the machining accuracy.

[0004] In addition, the traditional fixture structure is fixed and it is difficult to adapt to bar materials of different lengths or diameters. It is necessary to frequently replace the fixture or adjust mechanical components, further reducing the production efficiency.

[0005] In addition, the measurement of the bar material diameter usually adopts an off-line detection method, that is, it is measured separately by a caliper or a laser rangefinder before processing, and then the data is manually input into the control system. This method is not only inefficient, but also unable to provide real-time feedback on the dimensional changes during the processing, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision machining. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the foregoing technical problems, the present invention provides a CNC horizontal lathe. Through the linkage control of the loading mechanism, the measuring mechanism, and the clamping mechanism, the full-process automatic operation of the bar material from conveying, positioning to clamping is realized, solving the problems of low loading efficiency and installation error; through an adjustable mounting seat, it can flexibly adapt to bar materials of different lengths, solving the problem of poor adaptability; specifically, it is realized through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A CNC horizontal lathe of the present invention includes a bed body, a housing, a chuck, a tool rest, a center, and a loading mechanism. The loading mechanism includes: A support fixed on the bed body, with a second slide rail provided at its top. Two mounting seats are slidably arranged on the second slide rail. The mounting seats are connected to a first motor through a first screw rod for driving the two mounting seats to slide on the second slide rail. The two mounting seats are connected to a handwheel through a second screw rod for adjusting the distance to adapt to bar materials of different lengths; The measuring mechanism is fixed on the mounting base and includes a symmetrically arranged signal transmitter and signal receiver. The two groups of second sliders are driven by a third screw to move synchronously, and the diameter of the bar stock is calculated based on the signal time difference. The clamping mechanism is symmetrically installed on the second slider and includes a lifting rod driven by a motor, a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate hinged to the lifting rod. The first clamping plate can be switched to a 45° inclined state to facilitate supporting the bar stock, and the second clamping plate feeds back the contact signal through a sensor. The clamping mechanism is linked with the measuring mechanism. The axial distance between the bar stock and the chuck is calculated based on the diameter of the bar stock, and then the axis of the bar stock is driven to coincide with the axis of the chuck.

[0008] Preferably, the first screw and the second screw are arranged in parallel. The first motor drives the two groups of mounting bases to move synchronously along the second slide rail to realize automatic feeding of the bar stock.

[0009] Preferably, the thread directions on both sides of the third screw are opposite. The two groups of second sliders are driven by the second motor to approach or move away from each other synchronously, and the vertical plane where the center of the partition plate and the axis of the chuck are located coincides.

[0010] Preferably, a support rod is arranged below the first clamping plate. The contact surface between the support rod and the first clamping plate is at 45°. The second clamping plate is connected to the sensor through a compression spring to feedback the contact between the bar stock and the second clamping plate.

[0011] Preferably, a magnet is arranged at the top of the lifting rod, and a magnet is arranged on the first clamping plate. The first clamping plate is reset to the horizontal state by magnetic attraction.

[0012] Preferably, the center point is slidably arranged on the first slide rail, and the length direction of the first slide rail is parallel to the axis of the chuck.

[0013] Preferably, the lifting rod of the clamping mechanism is connected to the second bevel gear through a fourth screw. The second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear, and the first bevel gear is connected to the third motor.

[0014] Preferably, a second round roller is arranged on the second clamping plate of the clamping mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, a first round roller is arranged on the first clamping plate of the clamping mechanism.

[0016] After adopting the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through the integrated linkage control of the feeding mechanism, the measuring mechanism and the clamping mechanism, the full-process automatic operation of the bar stock from feeding, positioning to clamping is realized. The first motor drives the mounting base to move synchronously along the slide rail to complete the feeding of the bar stock. The second motor drives the clamping mechanism to accurately align through the symmetric screws. The third motor combines the bevel gear and the screw mechanism to adjust the height of the bar stock, greatly reducing manual intervention.

[0017] 2. Ensure that the clamping plate quickly returns to the horizontal state through magnetic attraction reset, support continuous feeding, and improve the overall efficiency.

[0018] 3. Adopt symmetrically distributed signal transmitters and receivers, calculate the diameter of the bar stock through the time difference, combine with the geometric relationship of the inclination angle of the clamping mechanism, realize non-contact measurement of the bar stock diameter, combine with the signal feedback of the sensor, calculate the axial center distance between the bar stock and the chuck, and use the calculated data for the height adjustment of the lifting rod to ensure the precise coincidence of the axial centers of the bar stock and the chuck, thereby reducing the coaxiality error in processing.

[0019] 4. Adjust the distance between the two mounting seats through the handwheel, which can flexibly adapt to bar stocks of different lengths and increase the adaptability of the products processed by this lathe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a numerically controlled horizontal lathe; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a numerically controlled horizontal lathe; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding mechanism; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a schematic diagram of the structure of some components in Figure 5 is Figure 4 a schematic diagram of the structure of some components in Figure 6 is Figure 5 a three-dimensional view from another perspective; Figure 7 is Figure 6 a front view of Figure 8 is Figure 7 a schematic diagram in the working state; Figure 9 is Figure 8 a three-dimensional view of some parts in Figure 10 is Figure 9 a front sectional view of Figure 11 is Figure 10 a partial enlarged view of area A in

[0022] Explanation of Reference Numerals 101 - Bed body, 102 - Housing, 103 - Chuck, 104 - Tool rest, 105 - Center, 106 - First slide rail, 107 - Bar stock; 200 - Loading mechanism, 201 - Support, 202 - Second slide rail, 203 - First slider, 204 - Mounting seat, 205 - First motor, 206 - First screw, 207 - Handwheel, 208 - Second screw; 300 - Measuring mechanism, 301 - Third slide rail, 302 - Second slider, 303 - Second motor, 304 - Third screw, 305 - Partition, 306 - Signal receiver, 307 - Signal transmitter; 400 - Clamping mechanism, 401 - Third motor, 402 - First bevel gear, 403 - Second bevel gear, 404 - Sleeve, 405 - Fourth screw, 406 - Lifting rod, 407 - First clamping plate, 408 - First round roller, 409 - Support rod, 410 - Sliding groove, 411 - Second clamping plate, 412 - Second round roller, 413 - Compression spring, 414 - Sensor, 415 - Magnet, 416 - Magnet. Detailed Embodiment

[0023] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and are not configured to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only provided to provide a better understanding of the present invention by showing examples of the present invention.

[0024] The orientation terms appearing in the following description are all the directions shown in the drawings and do not limit the specific structure of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted, connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] An embodiment of the present invention provides a numerically controlled horizontal lathe. Refer to Figure 1 , this numerically controlled horizontal lathe includes a bed body 101, a housing 102, and a chuck 103, a tool rest 104, a center 105, and a loading mechanism 200 installed inside the housing 102. A sliding door is installed on the housing 102 for convenient operation.

[0026] The chuck 103 is used to complete the clamping and installation of one end of the bar stock 107, the center 105 is used to abut against the other end of the bar stock 107, and the tool rest 104 is used to complete the installation of the tool.

[0027] The center 105 is slidably mounted on the first slide rail 106, and the length direction of the first slide rail 106 is arranged parallel to the axis of the chuck 103, facilitating the abutment of the center 105 against the bar stock 107; the loading mechanism 200 is installed between the center 105 and the chuck 103, and is used to complete the positioning and conveying of the bar stock 107, thereby facilitating the installation of the bar stock 107 and improving the working efficiency.

[0028] As a further explanation of the above embodiment, see Figures 3 to 5 , the loading mechanism 200 includes a support 201, the support 201 is fixedly installed on the bed 101, a second slide rail 202 is arranged on the upper surface of the support 201 along the length direction, a first slider 203 is slidably arranged on the second slide rail 202, and the upper surface of the first slider 203 is fixed to the mounting seat 204.

[0029] A measuring mechanism 300 is installed above the mounting seat 204, the measuring mechanism 300 is used to measure the diameter of the bar stock 107, and a clamping mechanism 400 is installed above the measuring mechanism 300, and the clamping mechanism 400 is used to complete the clamping and height adjustment of the bar stock 107.

[0030] Among them, the mechanism composed of the first slider 203 and the mounting seat 204 is arranged in two groups along the length direction of the second slide rail 202, facilitating the positioning and conveying of the bar stock 107. One of the mounting seats 204 is threadedly connected to the first screw 206, the first screw 206 is rotatably installed on the support 201, and the first screw 206 is coaxially fixed to the output end of the first motor 205.

[0031] The first end of the second screw 208 is rotatably installed at the bottom of one of the mounting seats 204, the second screw 208 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the other mounting seat 204, and the other end of the second screw 208 is coaxially fixed to the handwheel 207.

[0032] In this embodiment, through the above structure, by rotating the handwheel 207, the distance between the two mounting seats 204 can be adjusted, so that the structure can adapt to the positioning and conveying requirements of bar stocks 107 of various lengths. By driving the two mounting seats 204 to slide simultaneously along the length direction of the second slide rail 202 through the first motor 205 and the first screw 206, the conveying of the bar stock 107 is realized, facilitating the clamping and installation of the bar stock 107 after positioning.

[0033] As a further explanation of the above embodiment, see Figures 5 to 8, the measuring mechanism 300 includes a third slide rail 301, the third slide rail 301 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the mounting base 204, a second slider 302 is slidably installed on the third slide rail 301, and a clamping mechanism 400 is fixedly installed on the second slider 302.

[0034] A partition 305 is fixedly installed at the middle position of the mounting base 204. The structure composed of the second slider 302 and the clamping mechanism 400 is symmetrically distributed in two groups with respect to the partition 305. Both groups of second sliders 302 are threadedly connected to a third screw 304. The third screw 304 is coaxially fixed to the output end of a second motor 303. A signal receiver 306 is fixedly installed on the first group of second sliders 302, and a signal transmitter 307 is fixedly installed on the second group of second sliders 302. The signal receiver 306 faces the signal transmitter 307, so that the signal receiver 306 can normally receive the signal emitted by the signal transmitter 307. By recording the time difference between the transmitted signal and the received signal, the distance between the two groups of second sliders 302 can be determined, providing a data basis for calculating the diameter of the bar stock 107.

[0035] Among them, the threads of the third screw 304 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the partition 305, that is, the thread pitches on both sides of the third screw 304 are the same and the rotation directions are opposite. When the second motor 303 drives the third screw 304 to rotate, it can only drive the two groups of second sliders 302 to approach the partition 305 simultaneously or move away from the partition 305 simultaneously.

[0036] Among them, the center of the partition 305 coincides with the vertical plane where the axis of the chuck 103 is located. Therefore, when the second motor 303 drives the two groups of second sliders 302 and the clamping mechanism 400 to approach each other to complete the clamping of the bar stock 107, the axis of the bar stock 107 coincides with the vertical plane where the axis of the chuck 103 is located. At this time, only the height of the bar stock 107 needs to be adjusted to complete the loading and positioning of the bar stock 107.

[0037] As a further embodiment of the present invention, see Figures 7 to 11 , the clamping mechanism 400 includes a third motor 401, the third motor 401 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the second slider 302, the output end of the third motor 401 is coaxially fixed to a first bevel gear 402, the first bevel gear 402 meshes with a second bevel gear 403, the second bevel gear 403 is coaxially fixed to a fourth screw 405, the fourth screw 405 is rotatably installed on a sleeve 404, the sleeve 404 is fixed to the upper surface of the second slider 302, and a lifting rod 406 is slidably arranged in the sleeve 404. The lifting rod 406 is threadedly connected to the fourth screw 405.

[0038] The top of the lifting rod 406 is hinged to the middle of the first clamping plate 407. A number of first rollers 408 are rotatably installed on one side of the first clamping plate 407. The first rollers 408 can be lapped with the support rod 409 located below the first clamping plate 407. A sliding groove 410 is formed along the length direction on the other side of the first clamping plate 407. A second clamping plate 411 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove 410. The first clamping plate 407 and the second clamping plate 411 are perpendicularly arranged. A number of second rollers 412 are rotatably installed on the second clamping plate 411.

[0039] The second clamping plate 411 is fixed to the compression spring 413. The compression spring 413 is fixed to the sensor 414. The sensor 414 is fixed to the first clamping plate 407.

[0040] One end of the first clamping plate 407 away from the first roller 408 is fixedly installed with a magnet 415. The magnet 415 can attract the magnet 416. The magnet 416 is fixed to the top of the lifting rod 406.

[0041] Wherein, the included angle between the surface of the support rod 409 lapped with the first roller 408 and the vertical direction is 45°. That is, when a number of first rollers 408 are lapped with the surface of the support rod 409, the first clamping plate 407 is in a 45° inclined state.

[0042] In the above embodiment of the present invention, when the clamping mechanism 400 does not work, its position state is as Figure 7 shown. At this time, the first clamping plate 407 is in a horizontal state. When the bar stock 107 is placed between the two sets of clamping mechanisms 400, the first rollers 408 installed on the first clamping plate 407 are lapped with the support rod 409 at the bottom of the first clamping plate 407. At this time, the first clamping plate 407 is in a 45° inclined state.

[0043] When the bar stock 107 is placed on the two sets of first clamping plates 407, the second motor 303 drives the third screw 304 to rotate, so that the two sets of second sliders 302 located on both sides of the partition plate 305 approach each other. At this time, the second sliders 302 synchronously drive the first clamping plates 407 in the two sets of clamping mechanisms 400 to approach each other, so that the bar stock 107 is lifted upward under the extrusion of the first clamping plates 407 until the outer surface of the bar stock 107 is lapped with the second rollers 412 installed on the second clamping plate 411. At this time, the bar stock 107 has an extrusion force on the second rollers 412, and further conducts to the sensor 414 through the second clamping plate 411 and the compression spring 413. The sensor 414 feeds back the signal to the second motor 303 to stop driving the third screw 304 to rotate, so that the position of the bar stock 107 no longer changes.

[0044] At this time, the distance between the two groups of second sliders 302 can be obtained through the relative positions of the signal receiver 306 and the signal transmitter 307. And since the first clamping plate 407 is in a 45° inclined state at this time, combined with the parameter dimensions such as the hinge position of the first clamping plate 407, the diameter of the bar stock 107 can be calculated.

[0045] It should be noted that during the process of completing the above steps, the lifting rod 406 is always at the bottom end. Since the horizontal height difference between the hinge position of the first clamping plate 407 and the axis of the chuck 103 is a fixed value, after calculating the diameter dimension of the bar stock 107, the axial distance between the bar stock 107 and the chuck 103 can be calculated. Then, the third motor 401 is started. Through the meshing relationship between the first bevel gear 402 and the second bevel gear 403, the rotation of the second bevel gear 403 and the sleeve 404 is driven. And further through the threaded connection relationship between the sleeve 404 and the lifting rod 406, the lifting rod 406 is driven to slide upward along the first clamping plate 407. The sliding stroke is the calculated axial distance between the bar stock 107 and the chuck 103, driving the bar stock 107 to reach a position coaxial with the chuck 103, and completing the positioning of the bar stock 107.

[0046] After the positioning of the bar stock 107 is completed, the first motor 205 drives the first screw 206 to rotate. And through the threaded connection relationship between the first screw 206 and the mounting seat 204, the two groups of mounting seats 204 are driven to slide along the length direction of the second slide rail 202, sending one end of the bar stock 107 to the chuck 103. The clamping and installation of the bar stock 107 are completed.

[0047] After the clamping and installation of the bar stock 107 are completed, the third motor 401 drives the lifting rod 406 to slide downward to the bottom end again. When the bar stock 107 disengages from between the first clamping plate 407 and the second clamping plate 411, it will drive the first clamping plate 407 to flip upward. Due to the mutual attraction between the magnet 415 and the magnet 416, when the magnet 415 and the magnet 416 attract each other, the first clamping plate 407 is just in a horizontal state, which is convenient for completing the positioning and conveying of the next group of bar stock 107.

[0048] When the positioning, conveying, clamping and installation of the bar stock 107 are completed through the steps described in the above embodiments, the positioning and alignment of the bar stock 107 can be quickly realized, avoiding the problem of inclined installation of the bar stock 107. And this process is convenient and fast, which can save the operation time of the operator and improve the work efficiency.

[0049] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention as described above, these embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to only specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the above description. The present specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can make good use of the present invention and its modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A numerically controlled horizontal lathe, comprising a bed (101), a housing (102), a chuck (103), a tool rest (104) and a center (105), characterized in that: It also includes a feeding mechanism (200), and the feeding mechanism (200) includes: A support (201) fixed on the bed body (101), with a second slide rail (202) provided at its top. Two groups of mounting seats (204) are slidably arranged on the second slide rail (202). The mounting seats (204) are connected to a first motor (205) through a first screw rod (206) for driving the two groups of mounting seats (204) to slide on the second slide rail (202). The two groups of mounting seats (204) are connected by a second screw rod (208) and a handwheel (207) for adjusting the spacing to adapt to different lengths of bar materials (107); A measuring mechanism (300) fixed on the mounting seat (204), including a symmetrically arranged signal transmitter (307) and a signal receiver (306). Two groups of second sliders (302) are driven to move synchronously through a third screw rod (304), and the diameter of the bar material (107) is calculated based on the signal time difference; A clamping mechanism (400) symmetrically installed on the second slider (302), including a motor-driven lifting rod (406), a first clamping plate (407) and a second clamping plate (411) hinged to the lifting rod (406). The first clamping plate (407) can be switched to a 45° inclined state to facilitate supporting the bar material (107), and the second clamping plate (411) feeds back the contact signal through a sensor (414); The clamping mechanism (400) is linked with the measuring mechanism (300), calculates the axial center distance between the bar material (107) and the chuck (103) according to the diameter of the bar material (107), and further drives the bar material (107) to make its axial center coincide with the axial center of the chuck (103).

2. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first screw rod (206) and the second screw rod (208) are arranged in parallel. The first motor (205) drives the two groups of mounting seats (204) to move synchronously along the second slide rail (202) to realize the automatic feeding of the bar material (107).

3. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two sides of the third screw rod (304) have opposite thread helix directions. The second motor (303) drives the two groups of second sliders (302) to approach or move away synchronously. The center of the partition plate (305) coincides with the vertical plane where the axial center of the chuck (103) is located.

4. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support rod (409) is arranged below the first clamping plate (407). The contact surface between the support rod (409) and the first clamping plate (407) is at 45°. The second clamping plate (411) is connected to the sensor (414) through a compression spring (413) for feeding back the contact between the bar material (107) and the second clamping plate (411).

5. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnet (416) is provided at the top of the lifting rod (406), and a magnet (415) is provided on the first clamping plate (407). The first clamping plate (407) is reset to the horizontal state by magnetic attraction.

6. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center point (105) is slidably arranged on the first slide rail (106), and the length direction of the first slide rail (106) is arranged parallel to the axis of the chuck (103).

7. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that; The lifting rod (406) of the clamping mechanism (400) is connected to the second bevel gear (403) through the fourth screw rod (405). The second bevel gear (403) meshes with the first bevel gear (402), and the first bevel gear (402) is connected to the third motor (401).

8. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second round roller (412) is provided on the second clamping plate (411) of the clamping mechanism (400).

9. The numerically controlled horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first round roller (408) is provided on the first clamping plate (407) of the clamping mechanism (400).

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