Fast skating ice skate blade laser welding instant cooling shape control method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses an instant cooling shape control method and device for laser welding of a speed skating ice skate blade, and relates to the technical field of welding. The main body is placed on the workbench; a mixing cavity is formed in the main body; the mixing cavity is communicated with a liquid nitrogen input port and a nitrogen input port; liquid nitrogen and nitrogen are input through the liquid nitrogen input port and the nitrogen input port respectively and flow back along the mixing cavity to be fully mixed so as to form a gas cold source to be sprayed out; the clamping structure is fixedly connected to the main body and clamps the welding laser; an adjusting block is formed on the clamping structure; the distance between the welding area and the gas cold source is adjusted by moving the adjusting block towards the direction of the main body or moving reversely; the adjusting mechanism is connected to the main body and partially slides along the opening of the mixing cavity to increase or decrease the ejection quantity of the gas cold source; by means of the device and method, welding deformation is restrained and eliminated, cooling is sufficient, material waste is avoided, the device is easy to maintain, convenient to disassemble and high in welding efficiency, and the manufacturing quality and efficiency of ice skate blade products are improved by being matched with a welding laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of welding technology, and particularly to a method and device for instant cooling and shape control of laser welding of speed skating blades. Background Art

[0002] Short track speed skating, as a popular winter sports event today, is also a traditional advantageous event in China's competitive ice and snow sports. With the continuous improvement of the competition level, higher requirements are put forward for the equipment of short track speed skating. As the core part of the short track speed skating blade, the blade body needs to ensure sufficient strength to withstand the pressure exerted by the user during high-speed movement. The ice blade often bears complex load effects during use, such as low-speed heavy load, lateral impact, etc.; at present, medium-high carbon steel is often selected for the ice blade tube, such as 45 steel, 55 steel, 55Mn steel, etc.; high-speed steel such as W18Cr4V and M2 steel is often selected for the blade edge; medium-high carbon steel has advantages such as good machining performance and impact resistance; high-speed steel has good hardness and strength, enabling the ice blade to better resist the action of complex forces such as impact during sliding; however, there are significant differences in thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, magnetic permeability, etc. between different steels, making welding difficult; during laser welding, defects such as workpiece deformation, large residual stress after welding, and welding cracks often occur, increasing the production difficulty of ice blade manufacturing, posing a serious threat to the personal safety of users, and shortening the service life of the ice blade. Therefore, improving the comprehensive performance of the ice blade has become a key technology to be solved.

[0003] Common welding deformation control methods include adopting reasonable welding processes, pre-welding pretreatment, post-welding correction, anti-deformation processes, and low-temperature cooling anti-deformation, etc.; among them, reasonable welding process methods such as the segmented backstep welding method can reduce deformation by controlling the heat input in segments, but the operation is complex and the process requirements are high; pre-welding pretreatment methods such as fixing the workpiece with jigs can effectively limit the free deformation of the workpiece before welding, but it will increase the investment in jigs and the operation difficulty; post-welding correction methods such as mechanical peening correction can correct local deformation in a timely manner after welding, but it may cause local stress concentration; anti-deformation process methods such as symmetrically arranging welds can fundamentally balance the thermal stress and reduce deformation, but the requirements for design and assembly accuracy are high; when traditional shielding gas argon is used to weld dissimilar steels such as high-speed steel and medium-high carbon steel, welding defects such as large deformation and cracks often occur, and the method of cooling the shielding gas with a low-temperature medium will inevitably cause great waste if the cooling effect is to be achieved.

[0004] At present, the follow-up cooling of welding mostly focuses on using dry ice to spray the welded workpiece for cooling. During the dynamic welding process, the temperature of the shielding gas cannot be guaranteed to be stable, especially in cases where the cooling rate needs to be adjusted according to different welding conditions. The common current cooling protection gas scheme is to cool the shielding gas through a liquid nitrogen-cooled copper tube by means of alternating heat exchange. However, the above method cannot ensure that the temperature of the dynamically sprayed shielding gas cooled by the cooling medium is constant, and it is easy to have insufficient cooling, resulting in low welding efficiency and waste of cooling media such as liquid nitrogen. Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: The existing ice skate blade welding technology has problems such as stress concentration, large deformation, and easy generation of cracks during welding. If traditional cooling methods are used, there will be problems such as insufficient cooling, low welding efficiency, and excessive experimental consumables.

[0005] The difficulties in solving the above problems and defects are as follows: The prior art cannot achieve high-quality welded joints for dissimilar steel welding of ice skate blades, especially for metals such as high-carbon steel and high-speed steel that have large differences in thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, magnetic permeability, etc. and are difficult to weld. Therefore, controlling post-weld deformation and crack generation is a key core technical problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a method and device for instant cooling and shape control of laser welding of speed skating blades to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for instant cooling and shape control of laser welding of speed skating blades, which suppress and eliminate welding deformation, have sufficient cooling and avoid material waste, are easy to maintain, convenient for clamping and disassembly, have a controllable cooling rate, high welding efficiency, are matched with a welding laser, are simple to operate, can significantly improve the production efficiency of ice skate blade welding, can be applied to the welding and manufacturing of various types of ice skate blades, significantly improve the manufacturing quality and efficiency of ice skate blade products, greatly increase the product qualification rate, and accelerate the research and development process of high-end ice skate blade products.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An instant cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades, which is used in cooperation with a laser assembly. The laser assembly includes a welding laser, and the welding laser is equipped with a laser head, and includes: A main body, which is placed on a workbench; A mixing cavity is opened inside the main body; The mixing cavity is communicated with a liquid nitrogen input port and a nitrogen input port; Liquid nitrogen and nitrogen are respectively input through the liquid nitrogen input port and the nitrogen input port and flow back along the mixing cavity to be fully mixed to form a gas cold source and then ejected; A clamping structure, the clamping structure is fixedly connected to the main body and the end far from the main body is used to clamp the welding laser; An adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism is connected to the main body and partially slides along the opening of the mixing cavity to increase or decrease the ejection amount of the gas cold source to adjust the cooling area of the welding area.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamping structure includes: An adjusting block, one end of the welding laser clamped is moved towards or away from the main body by the adjusting block to adjust the distance between the welding area and the gas cold source.

[0010] Furthermore, the clamping structure further includes: A fixing block, a clamping ring and a position locking mechanism; One end of the adjusting block is fixedly connected to the clamping ring, and the other end of the adjusting block is detachably connected to the fixing block; The fixing block is fixedly connected to the main body; The distance that the adjusting block moves along the fixing block can be adjusted by the position locking mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing block is provided with a groove and a slot; One end of the adjusting block is inserted into the groove; The adjusting block is provided with multiple groups of card slots; Push and pull the adjusting block to move along the groove to make the card slots and the slots correspond in position; A card strip is inserted into the corresponding card slot and slot to fix the installation of the adjusting block and the fixing block; The groove, the slot, the card slot and the card strip cooperate to form the position locking mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, a screw is connected to the opening of the clamping ring; A protrusion is formed on the inner circumference of the clamping ring; The screw cooperates with the nut to tighten the opening of the clamping ring so that the protrusion gradually clamps the welding laser.

[0013] Furthermore, the adjusting mechanism includes: Two adjusting parts, a left valve and a right valve that jointly cover the opening of the mixing cavity; The two adjusting parts are respectively movably connected to the left valve and the right valve; The adjusting part is an integrally formed knob and an extension rod, and the extension rod is rotatably connected to the main body; A gear is installed at one end of the extension rod far from the knob; Rack teeth are formed on the upper end surfaces of the left valve and the right valve; The extension rod passes through the main body to make the gear mesh with the rack teeth; Turn the knob to drive the extension rod to rotate, forming a meshing drive between the gear and the rack to adjust the size of the valve opening between the left valve and the right valve.

[0014] Further, a sliding groove is formed on the main body; The left valve and the right valve are distributed in the sliding groove; Part of the gear extends into the sliding groove; The gear meshes with the rack to drive the left valve and the right valve to slide along the track of the sliding groove.

[0015] A method for laser welding and instant cooling and shape control of a speed skating blade, comprising the following steps: Step 1, before welding, use sandpaper to polish the ice blade workpiece to remove surface impurities and oxide films, and then place the polished ice blade workpiece in anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning, and then dry it and place it on the workbench; Step 2, fix the positions of the ice skate tube workpiece and the ice blade workpiece. According to the lengths of the ice skate tube workpiece and the ice blade workpiece to be processed, the computer control system presets the laser scanning path program, and at least sets parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and defocus amount; Step 3, move the main body to the preset processing position of the ice skate tube workpiece and the ice blade workpiece, clamp the welding laser, and the welding laser and the mirror irradiate the laser beam on the path to be welded; Step 4, use the adjusting mechanism to adjust the cooling area of the welding area, and manually turn the knob to move the left valve and the right valve to the corresponding positions to adjust the size of the valve opening; Step 5, when welding the workpiece, input liquid nitrogen and nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen input port and the nitrogen input port through an air pump to form a gas cold source in the mixing cavity. The gas cold source is sprayed on the welding area from the valve opening. After welding, the residual gas quickly cools the welded workpiece to room temperature.

[0016] In the above technical solution, a method and device for laser welding and instant cooling and shape control of a speed skating blade of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. Improve product quality. This instant cooling and shape control method can further reduce welding deformation, and solve welding defects such as cracks that are prone to occur during the welding of dissimilar steels of medium-high carbon steel and high-speed steel, and make the weld have higher hardness, better wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, greatly improving the quality of the welded joint, extending the service life of the ice blade, and increasing the yield rate of the ice blade, ensuring the stability and reliability of the ice blade performance; 2. By effectively utilizing energy and base materials, compared with the traditional method of using liquid nitrogen-cooled protective gas, liquid nitrogen and nitrogen are mixed in two phases and sprayed onto the welding area to achieve in-situ rapid cooling during laser welding. This can improve the cooling efficiency during welding, effectively avoid waste of protective gas, timely supplement the nitrogen element required during the welding process, solve the problems of deformation and crack defects of the base material, make the cooling more sufficient while avoiding material waste, and improve the yield rate, thus achieving the goals of energy conservation, environmental protection, and material saving. 3. With high-precision control, the coordinated use of the in-situ rapid cooling and shape control device and the laser welder enables precise control of different welding and cooling areas, ensuring high accuracy during the welding process. It can process different types of ice skates. The adjustable knob can adjust the size of the valve port to further adjust the cooling area, improve the cooling rate, save experimental consumables, and further improve production efficiency and the safety of users.

[0017] 4. Automatic operation: Through an integrated computer control system, the automatic process of laser welding is realized. Only by manually setting the parameters of the welding laser and the processing path on the computer can the entire processing process be automatically completed, reducing the need for manual operation, greatly improving production efficiency, and ensuring the safety of users. 5. Flexibility and adaptability: When designing the device, consideration is given to the processing and daily maintenance of different types of ice skates. Through an adjustable clamping device, different models of laser generators can be clamped, with strong versatility. The overall mechanism of the device is relatively easy to clean and maintain, with strong usability, reducing the difficulty of maintenance, and enhancing the service life and versatility of the device. Description of the Drawings

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic assembly structure diagram of clamping the welding laser in a speed skating blade laser welding in-situ rapid cooling and shape control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic assembly structure diagram of clamping the welding laser in a speed skating blade laser welding in-situ rapid cooling and shape control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structure diagram of a speed skating blade laser welding in-situ rapid cooling and shape control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structure diagram of the clamping structure in a speed skating blade laser welding in-situ rapid cooling and shape control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention (left valve and right valve openings are fully opened); Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention (left valve and right valve openings become smaller); Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention (left valve and right valve openings are closed); Figure 8 Schematic position structure diagram of a gear in an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic structural diagram of an adjustment mechanism in an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic position structure diagram of a mixing cavity in an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 Cross-sectional view of an instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 Flow chart of the use of an instantaneous cooling and shape control method for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of performance comparison between Example 1 and other control groups in the present invention (longitudinal residual stress changes with the distance perpendicular to the weld); Figure 14 Schematic diagram of performance comparison between Example 1 and other control groups in the present invention (weld deformation of the workpiece after welding); Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the welding direction, welding path, and gas cold source ejection position in an instantaneous cooling and shape control method and device for laser welding of speed skating blades provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, main body; 2, clamping structure; 3, welding laser; 4, adjustment mechanism; 5, screw; 11, liquid nitrogen input port; 12, nitrogen input port; 13, sliding groove; 21, adjustment block; 22, fixed block; 23, clamping ring; 24, clamping strip; 211, clamping groove; 221, groove; 222, slot; 231, protrusion; 41, adjustment part; 42, left valve; 43, right valve; 44, rack; 411, Knob; 412, Extension rod; 413, Gear. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with the specific implementation modes and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following descriptions, the descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessarily confusing the concepts of the present invention.

[0022] Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In addition, the technical features involved in different implementation modes of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by similar reference numerals. For the sake of clarity, the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "inner circumference", "upper end", "one end", "the other end", etc. used herein indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Similar expressions are only for the purpose of illustration and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0026] See Figures 1 - 15 as shown; A laser welding instant cooling and shape control device for speed skating blades. The instant cooling and shape control device includes a main body 1, a clamping structure 2, a welding laser 3, and an adjusting mechanism 4. A liquid nitrogen input port 11 and a nitrogen input port 12 are provided on the main body 1. The liquid nitrogen input port 11 and the nitrogen input port 12 are used to input liquid nitrogen and nitrogen respectively. The liquid nitrogen and nitrogen are mixed in the main body 1 to form a gas cold source for instant cooling during welding. Among them, the clamping structure 2 and the adjusting mechanism 4 are respectively installed on the main body 1. The clamping structure 2 is used to clamp the welding laser 3 and can adjust the distance between the welding laser 3 and the main body 1. The adjusting mechanism 4 is used to adjust the ejection amount of the gas cold source. That is, the clamping structure 2, the welding laser 3, and the adjusting mechanism 4 cooperate with each other. The clamping structure 2 can not only clamp the welding laser 3 but also move the welding laser 3 to adjust the distance between the welding area and the gas cold source. The adjusting mechanism 4 can control the ejection amount of the gas cold source and thus can adjust the cooling area of the welding area.

[0027] Specifically, a mixing cavity is provided inside the main body 1. The bottom of the main body 1 (i.e., the opening position at the bottom of the mixing cavity) is placed in contact with the workbench. The liquid nitrogen inlet 11 and the nitrogen inlet 12 are communicated with the mixing cavity. That is, the intersection of the liquid nitrogen inlet 11 and the nitrogen inlet 12 is the mixing cavity. The liquid nitrogen and nitrogen input along the liquid nitrogen inlet 11 and the nitrogen inlet 12 can be fully mixed in the mixing cavity to form a gas cold source. The gas cold source is ejected from the opening (side opening of the mixing cavity) of the mixing cavity. An adjusting mechanism 4 is installed at the opening, and the opening size is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism 4; the welding laser 3 welds the workpiece to form a weld. The gas cold source is ejected from the opening of the mixing cavity onto the weld, which can supplement the nitrogen element vaporized during the welding of the metal weld, reduce the content of ferrite in the weld structure, and promote the growth of austenite; The clamping structure 2 includes an adjusting block 21, a fixed block 22, and a clamping ring 23. Among them, the adjusting block 21 is connected between the fixed block 22 and the clamping ring 23. The adjusting block 21 is fixedly connected to the clamping ring 23, and the adjusting block 21 is movably connected to the fixed block 22. The fixed block 22 is fixed on the main body 1. A groove 221 and a slot 222 are provided on the fixed block 22. Multiple groups of card slots 211 are provided on the adjusting block 21. One end of the adjusting block 21 is inserted into the groove 221. When the slot 222 and the card slot 211 are in corresponding positions, the card strip 24 is inserted from the slot 222 and embedded into the card slot 211. At this time, the adjusting block 21 and the fixed block 22 are installed and fixed. When it is necessary to adjust the distance between the welding area and the gas cold source, the card strip 24 is pulled out, the adjusting block 21 is pushed into or pulled out a certain distance into the groove 221, and the slot 222 and the card slot 211 are made to correspond again. Then the card strip 24 is inserted back for fixation; The clamping ring 23 is connected to a screw rod 5 at the opening, and then tightened with a nut to clamp the welding laser 3. A protrusion 231 is formed on the inner circumference of the clamping ring 23. When clamping the welding laser 3, the protrusion 23 provides a fixed-point support for the welding laser 3, which can better fix the welding laser 3.

[0028] The adjusting mechanism 4 includes two sets of adjusting parts 41, a left valve 42 and a right valve 43. The two sets of adjusting parts 41 respectively control the movement of the left valve 42 and the right valve 43. The adjusting part 41 is an integrally formed knob 411 and an extension rod 412. The extension rod 412 is located in the main body 1. The extension rod 412 and the knob 411 can rotate in the main body 1. One end of the extension rod 412 is installed with the knob 411, and the other end is installed with a gear 413. By screwing the knob 411, the extension rod 412 can drive the gear 413 to rotate in the main body 1. Among them, the left valve 42 and the right valve 44 are installed in the sliding groove 13 opened on the main body 1. The opening of the sliding groove 13 is located at the bottom of the main body 1. Between the two sections of the sliding groove 13 is the valve port, and the valve port communicates with the mixing cavity. The opening of the mixing cavity is the valve port. The left valve 42 and the right valve 44 can slide along the sliding groove 13, and the left valve 42 and the right valve 44 are provided with racks 44. Part of the gear 413 extends into the sliding groove 13 and meshes with the rack 44. The part of the gear 413 extending into the sliding groove 13 is partly located in the main body 1 and partly located in the sliding groove 13. When the knob 411 is screwed, the gear 413 is rotated by the extension rod 412 and meshes with the rack 44 for transmission. The gear 413 rotates and drives the rack 44 to drive the left valve 42 and the right valve 44 to slide along the sliding groove 13. When the left valve 42 and the right valve 44 move towards each other, the valve port becomes smaller and the gas cold source ejection amount decreases. When the left valve 42 and the right valve 44 move away from each other, the valve port increases and the gas cold source ejection amount increases, so as to adjust the cooling area of the welding area.

[0029] Further, the device is used in cooperation with a laser assembly. The laser assembly includes a welding laser 3, a reflector and a computer control system. The laser head of the welding laser 3 is used for welding workpieces. The welding laser 3 and the reflector are used to accurately irradiate the laser beam on the welding path to be welded. The computer control system is used for programming the welding process, presetting parameters and completing the processing. Cooling is carried out during welding according to the preset path to obtain a welded part with excellent surface quality and extremely small deformation. And the device can independently adjust the cooling area according to the size of the welding area, improving the welding cooling efficiency.

[0030] Among them, during the operation process, the welding laser 3 and this instantaneous cooling and shape control device are distributed above the workpiece to be welded. During welding, the welding laser 3 moves while welding, and the laser head welds the workpiece to form a weld seam (the weld seam is formed by the path of the welding laser 3). After that, the gas cold source at the rear sprays out from the valve port onto the weld seam, and the gas cold source acts on the just-welded weld seam (see Figure 15 ).

[0031] Preferably, the input amount of the laser heat source is controlled by adjusting parameters such as the laser input power, scanning speed and defocus amount, and in cooperation with the cooling method, the purpose of minimizing the welding deformation of the ice skate blade is finally achieved.

[0032] Preferably, nitrogen, as an inert gas, can promote the growth of austenite in the weld seam when used as a shielding gas during welding. In the welding of medium and high carbon steels, it can effectively reduce the probability of cold cracking and improve plasticity, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The device plays a key role in this welding operation. It can blend cooling media of multiple types, cover the welding heat area with the blended cooling media, and the adjustable cooling area can meet various welding requirements, enabling more sufficient cooling and a higher cooling rate to achieve the effect of instant cooling and shape control.

[0033] Preferably, during operation, the welding laser 3 is placed in the clamping ring 23, and the welding laser 3 is moved up and down to adjust the distance between the laser head and the workpiece. The clamping ring 23 is connected to the screw 5 at the opening. After the position is determined, it is tightened with a nut to clamp the welding laser 3. A protrusion 231 is formed on the inner circumference of the clamping ring 23. When clamping the welding laser 3, the protrusion 231 provides fixed-point support for the welding laser 3, enabling better fixation of the welding laser 3. The clamping structure 2 can clamp welding lasers 3 of various models, featuring versatility and being flexible and convenient to use. Embodiment

[0034] In this embodiment, a 55 steel ice skate blade tube and an M2 ice skate blade are used as the base.

[0035] The specific implementation steps are as follows: 1) Use 800-mesh sandpaper to polish the surfaces of the 55 steel and M2 steel to be processed to remove surface impurities and oxide films, then place them in an anhydrous ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning, and then dry and place them on the workbench. 2) Place the blade tube and the blade on the fixing device and clamp them. Input nitrogen and liquid nitrogen into the main body 1 through the liquid nitrogen input port 11 and the nitrogen input port 12, mix them in the mixing cavity, and then send them to the cooling area through the valve port. The valve port is directly above the workpiece surface (see Figure 15 ). 3) After completing the preparatory work, select an Nd:YAG laser with a laser wavelength of 1 μm and an optical fiber diameter of 200 μm. The laser power is 1.5 kW to 2.0 kW, the scanning speed is 0.03 m / s, and the defocus amount is ±1 mm. 4) Use the clamping structure 2 to clamp and fix the welding laser 3. 5) During laser scanning, the (gas cold source) cooling medium is sprayed on the instant cooling welding area. After welding, the residual gas quickly cools the ice skate to room temperature. 6) After welding, use a coordinate measuring instrument to measure the deformation of the welded part. After measurement, use an automatic grinding machine to polish the weld for subsequent microscopic observation.

[0036] To illustrate in depth the positive effects and significant advantages achieved by the embodiments of the present invention over the prior art during research and development or use, relevant data were collected through a series of comparative experiments. The following is a specific description based on the experimental process: Experimental design: Samples processed by the technical solution proposed in the present invention (specimens in Embodiment 1) and samples welded conventionally were selected for performance comparison in the following aspects: (See Figure 14 ) Deformation measurement: The deformation of the two groups of samples was measured by a coordinate measuring machine; (See Figure 13 ) Measurement of welding residual stress: The longitudinal residual stress of the weld was measured; The experimental results are as follows: Decrease in deformation Average deformation of the experimental group: 0.02 mm; Average deformation of the control group: 0.046 mm; The deformation of the experimental group decreased by 57% compared with that of the control group; Improvement in mechanical properties Average residual stress of the experimental group: 213.44 MPa; Average tensile strength of the control group: 277.86 MPa; The residual stress of the experimental group decreased by 30.18% compared with that of the control group.

[0037] The above experimental data clearly demonstrate that the embodiments of the present invention have significant advantages over the prior art in terms of deformation and mechanical properties; the decrease in deformation ensures the safety performance of the product, and the improvement in mechanical properties extends the service life of the product.

[0038] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A speed skating skate laser welding instant cooling shape control device, the instant cooling shape control device is used in conjunction with a laser assembly, the laser assembly comprises a welding laser (3), the welding laser (3) is equipped with a laser head, and is characterized in that: include: A main body (1), the main body (1) being placed on a workbench; A mixing cavity is provided inside the main body (1); The mixing chamber is connected to a liquid nitrogen input port (11) and a nitrogen gas input port (12); Liquid nitrogen and nitrogen gas are respectively inputted through the liquid nitrogen input port (11) and the nitrogen input port (12) and refluxed along the mixing cavity until fully mixed to form a gas cooling source and then ejected; A clamping structure (2), wherein the clamping structure (2) is fixedly connected to the main body (1) and an end thereof away from the main body (1) is used for clamping the welding laser (3); The regulating mechanism (4) is connected to the main body (1) and partially slides along the opening of the mixing cavity to increase or decrease the amount of gas cooling source ejected, thereby regulating the cooling area of ​​the welding area.

2. The instant cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating skates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping structure (2) comprises: An adjustment block (21) is used to clamp one end of the welding laser (3) and move toward the main body (1) or in the opposite direction through the adjustment block (21) to adjust the distance between the welding area and the gas cooling source.

3. The instant cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating skates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping structure (2) further comprises: A fixing block (22), a clamping ring (23) and a position locking mechanism; One end of the adjusting block (21) is fixedly connected to the clamping ring (23), and the other end of the adjusting block (21) is detachably connected to the fixing block (22); The fixing block (22) is fixedly connected to the main body (1); The distance that the adjusting block (21) moves along the fixing block (22) can be adjusted by a position locking mechanism.

4. The device for controlling the shape of speed skating skates by laser welding with instant cooling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing block (22) is provided with a groove (221) and a slot (222); One end of the adjustment block (21) is inserted into the groove (221); The adjustment block (21) is provided with a plurality of groups of slots (211); Pushing and pulling the adjusting block (21) to move along the groove (221) to form a corresponding position between the clamping groove (211) and the slot (222); Inserting the card strip (24) into the card slot (211) and the slot (222) at corresponding positions to achieve installation and fixation of the adjustment block (21) and the fixing block (22); The groove (221), the slot (222), the clamping slot (211) and the clamping strip (24) cooperate to form the position locking mechanism.

5. The device for controlling the shape of speed skating skates by laser welding with instant cooling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The opening of the clamp ring (23) is connected to a screw rod (5); A protrusion (231) is formed on the inner circumference of the clamp ring (23); The screw rod (5) cooperates with the nut to tighten the opening of the clamp ring (23) so that the protrusion (231) gradually clamps the welding laser (3).

6. The instant cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating skates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating mechanism (4) comprises: Two regulating parts (41), a left valve (42) and a right valve (43) that jointly cover the opening of the mixing chamber; The two adjustment parts (41) are movably connected to the left valve (42) and the right valve (43) respectively; The adjusting portion (41) is an integrally formed knob (411) and an extension rod (412), and the extension rod (412) is rotatably connected to the main body (1); A gear (413) is installed at one end of the extension rod (412) away from the knob (411); Racks (44) are formed on the upper end surfaces of the left valve (42) and the right valve (43); The extension rod (412) passes through the main body (1) to the gear (413) and meshes with the rack (44); The knob (411) is turned until the extension rod (412) is driven to rotate, so that the gear (413) and the rack (44) are meshed and driven to adjust the valve opening size between the left valve (42) and the right valve (43).

7. The device for controlling the shape of speed skating skates by laser welding with instant cooling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main body (1) is provided with a slide groove (13); The left valve (42) and the right valve (43) are distributed in the slide groove (13); The gear (413) partially extends into the slide groove (13); The gear (413) meshes with the rack (44) to drive the left valve (42) and the right valve (43) to slide along the track of the slide groove (13).

8. A method for the instantaneous cooling and shape control device for laser welding of speed skating skates according to any one of claims 6-7, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Before welding, use sandpaper to grind the ice skate blade workpiece to remove surface impurities and oxide film, then place the grinded ice skate blade workpiece in anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning, and then dry it and place it on a workbench; Step 2: Fix the positions of the ice skate tube workpiece and the ice skate blade workpiece, and according to the length dimensions of the ice skate tube workpiece and the ice skate blade workpiece to be processed, the computer control system presets the laser scanning path program, and at least sets the laser power, scanning speed and defocusing parameters; Step 3, the moving body (1) reaches the preset processing positions of the ice skate tube workpiece and the ice skate blade workpiece, the clamping structure (2) clamps the welding laser (3), and the welding laser (3) and the reflector irradiate the laser beam on the path to be welded; Step 4: Use the adjustment mechanism (4) to adjust the cooling area of ​​the welding area, and manually turn the knob (411) to move the left valve (42) and the right valve (43) to corresponding positions to adjust the valve opening size; Step 5: When welding the workpiece, liquid nitrogen and nitrogen are input from the liquid nitrogen input port (11) and the nitrogen input port (12) through an air pump to form a gas cooling source in the mixing chamber. The gas cooling source is sprayed from the valve port onto the welding area. After welding is completed, the residual gas causes the welded workpiece to be quickly cooled to room temperature.

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