Water-soluble fireproof liquid of composite expansion source capable of being porcelainized at high temperature and preparation method of water-soluble fireproof liquid

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-soluble fireproof liquid of a composite expansion source capable of being porcelainized at high temperature and a preparation method of the water-soluble fireproof liquid. The water-soluble fireproof liquid of the high-temperature porcelainized composite expansion source is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 10 to 20 percent of neutral silica sol, 45 to 75 percent of water glass, 1 to 3 percent of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2 to 4 percent of sodium borate, 10 to 20 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of melamine. The composite foaming mode that water glass gel foams when heated and carbon and glass body foams are combined is adopted, and inorganic components in the composite foaming mode can react at high temperature to form a high-melting-point porcelainized porous structure. The fireproof liquid can be sprayed on the surface of a material to achieve the fireproof purpose, and can also be used for dipping some materials to improve the fireproof performance of the materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fireproof coatings, and particularly to a water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to the low limiting oxygen index of materials, the fire spread speed is fast, and a large amount of toxic and harmful gases are released. Once a fire occurs, the spread speed is extremely fast. In order to avoid frequent fire accidents, it is urgent to improve the flame retardancy of flammable products through modification to reduce the heavy losses caused by fires.

[0003] Traditional intumescent fireproof coatings mainly form a foam layer by carbon foaming. At high temperatures, the carbon components will be slowly oxidized and ablated, reducing the fireproof performance. Although many coatings also contain some inorganic mineral powders, due to the high melting points of common mineral powders, it is not easy to form a protection for carbon materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of fireproof material with inorganic components that can expand at low temperatures and ceramify at high temperatures to protect carbon materials to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source, which is achieved by the following technical solutions.

[0006] A water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source, characterized in that it contains the following components in mass percentages: 10-20% of neutral silica sol, 45-75% of water glass, 1-3% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-4% of sodium borate, 10-20% of acrylic emulsion, and 0.2-0.4% of melamine.

[0007] By adopting the above scheme, the present invention uses a gel with sodium silicate as the main body as the main low-temperature foaming component, melamine cracking as the auxiliary foaming component, and the carbon source generated by the cracking of melamine and acrylic emulsion as the high-temperature foaming component. The inorganic material components undergo chemical reactions at high temperatures to form a ceramified material, thereby forming a highly expanded and stable fireproof layer. The film-forming components are mainly acrylic emulsion and water glass.

[0008] Further, the solid content of the neutral silica sol is 25-35%.

[0009] Further, the solid content of the water glass is 35-40%.

[0010] Further, the water glass includes sodium water glass and potassium water glass.

[0011] Further, the solid content of the acrylic emulsion is 40-50%.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble fireproof liquid of a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source, which is realized by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0013] A method for preparing a water-soluble fireproof liquid of the above-mentioned high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source includes the following steps:

[0014] After stirring and heating sodium silicate to reach 70 - 80 °C, then slowly add neutral silica sol, stir until evenly mixed, heat to 70 - 80 °C, then put in sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain the water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0015] Furthermore, add 0.5 - 2 wt% of fumed silica to the prepared water-soluble fireproof liquid to adjust the viscosity.

[0016] This application has the following beneficial effects.

[0017] Neutral silica sol and sodium silicate can form a gel with a very high expansion ratio. The gel contains a large amount of water. When heated, the gel body softens and the water evaporates, and the gel begins to expand violently. This gel can expand 30 - 40 times when heated, and it is an expansion agent with excellent performance. Moreover, this gel is composed of inorganic materials and will not be burned out due to oxidation at high temperatures, and at the same time, it can delay the burning out of the carbon components therein. When the acrylic emulsion encounters high temperature, it will produce cracking and release gas, which also plays an expansion role. As the temperature rises, the water in the gel body volatilizes completely, and the residual carbon of the acrylic emulsion will also undergo foaming expansion similar to that of producing foam glass with the inorganic components in the fireproof liquid, further increasing the expansion ratio. When the components in the fireproof liquid reach high temperature, the solid solution formed by silica sol and sodium silicate will react with sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium borate to generate stable ceramified substances with a porous structure of foam ceramics. The acrylic emulsion acts as a film-forming agent during construction and at the same time acts as a carbon-forming agent and an expansion agent at high temperature. The present invention mainly relies on the foaming of the gel body and can form a ceramifiable layer, which is a new idea in fireproof coatings. Specific embodiments

[0018] The following further illustrates this patent application with reference to examples.

[0019] In the following examples, the materials used in the preparation process are not specially described and are all purchased through commercial channels without further treatment.

[0020] The neutral silica sol used in the following examples of this application is purchased from Jinan Shengshi Chuangfu Chemical Co., Ltd., industrial pure, with a solid content of 30%:

[0021] The sodium silicate used in the following examples of this application was purchased from Zhejiang Jiayue Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd., industrial pure, with a solid content of 40%;

[0022] The acrylic emulsion used in the following examples of this application was purchased from Zhengzhou Kaichi Chemical Products Co., Ltd., industrial pure, with a content of 50%.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A water-soluble fireproof liquid of a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source, with the mass ratio of raw materials as follows: neutral silica sol 15%, sodium silicate 65%, sodium tripolyphosphate 2.0%, sodium borate 3.7%, acrylic emulsion 14%, melamine 0.3%.

[0025] Stir and heat the sodium silicate. After reaching 75°C, slowly add the neutral silica sol while heating, stir until evenly mixed, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add the acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain the water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0026] According to the test method of CECS200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio of the fireproof liquid prepared by this method is 8.0 times.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] A water-soluble fireproof liquid of a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source, with the mass ratio of raw materials as follows: neutral silica sol 12.5%, sodium silicate 65%, sodium tripolyphosphate 2.5%, sodium borate 3.8%, acrylic emulsion 16%, melamine 0.2%.

[0029] Stir and heat the sodium silicate. After reaching 75°C, slowly add the neutral silica sol while heating, stir until evenly mixed, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add the acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain the water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0030] According to the test method of CECS200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio of the fireproof coating prepared by this method is 8.5 times.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] A water-soluble fireproof liquid of a high-temperature ceramifiable composite expansion source, with the mass ratio of raw materials as follows: neutral silica sol 18%, sodium silicate 60%, sodium tripolyphosphate 3%, sodium borate 4%, acrylic emulsion 14.7%, melamine 0.3%.

[0033] Stir and heat sodium silicate. After reaching 80°C, slowly add neutral silica sol while heating, stir until evenly mixed, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain the water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0034] According to the test method of CECS 200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio of the fireproof coating prepared by this method is 9.0 times.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] A water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramicizable composite expansion source, and the mass ratio of raw materials is: 18% of neutral silica sol, 60% of potassium water glass, 3% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 4% of sodium borate, 14.7% of acrylic emulsion, and 0.3% of melamine.

[0037] Stir and heat sodium silicate. After reaching 75°C, slowly add neutral silica sol while heating, stir until evenly mixed, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain the water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0038] According to the test method of CECS 200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio of the fireproof coating prepared by this method is 8.5 times.

[0039] Example 5

[0040] A water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramicizable composite expansion source, and the mass ratio of raw materials is: 10% of neutral silica sol, 65% of sodium water glass, 3% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 4% of sodium borate, 17.7% of acrylic emulsion, and 0.3% of melamine.

[0041] Stir and heat sodium silicate. After reaching 70°C, slowly add neutral silica sol while heating, stir until evenly mixed, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain the water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0042] According to the test method of CECS 200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio of the fireproof coating prepared by this method is 8.0 times.

[0043] Example 6

[0044] A water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high-temperature ceramicizable composite expansion source, and the mass ratio of raw materials is: 15% of neutral silica sol, 60% of potassium water glass, 2% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 3.7% of sodium borate, 19% of acrylic emulsion, and 0.3% of melamine.

[0045] Stir and heat sodium silicate. After reaching 70°C, slowly add neutral silica sol while heating, stir until evenly mixed, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and then add acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain a water-soluble fireproof liquid.

[0046] According to the test method of CECS 200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio of the fireproof coating prepared by this method is 8.5 times.

[0047] The currently commonly used intumescent fireproof coatings are chemical reaction type flame retardant systems, usually with P-N-C as the core, mainly composed of three parts: a charring catalyst for dehydration (the most commonly used ammonium polyphosphate), a charring agent (the most commonly used pentaerythritol), and a foaming agent (commonly used melamine). During a fire, the above substances will crack to form a low-thermal-conductivity, fluffy and porous carbon material. According to the test method of CECS 200-2006 "Technical Code for Fire Protection of Building Steel Structures", the expansion ratio needs to reach more than five times. The currently commonly used fireproof coatings are mainly organic materials, while the fireproof liquid prepared by the method of the present invention is mainly inorganic materials, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The expansion ratio of the prepared fireproof liquid is 8-9 times.

[0048] The embodiments of this specific implementation manner are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-soluble fireproof liquid with a high temperature ceramicizable composite expansion source, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of neutral silica sol, 45-75% of water glass, 1-3% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-4% of sodium borate, 10-20% of acrylic emulsion and 0.2-0.4% of melamine.

2. The water-soluble fire retardant liquid of a high temperature porcelainizable composite expansion source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neutral silica sol has a solid content of 25-35%.

3. The water-soluble fire retardant liquid of a high temperature porcelainizable composite expansion source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid content of the water glass is 35-40%.

4. The water-soluble fire retardant liquid of a high temperature porcelainizable composite expansion source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water glass includes sodium water glass and potassium water glass.

5. The water-soluble fire retardant liquid of a high temperature porcelainizable composite expansion source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid content of acrylic emulsion is 40-50%.

6. A method for preparing a water-soluble fire retardant liquid of a high temperature porcelainizable composite expansion source according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Stir and heat the water glass to 70-80°C, then slowly add the neutral silica sol, stir until mixed evenly, heat to 70-80°C, then add sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium borate, and melamine, stir until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, then add the acrylic emulsion and stir evenly to obtain a water-soluble fire retardant liquid.

7. The method for preparing a water-soluble fire retardant liquid of a high temperature porcelainizable composite expansion source according to claim 6, characterized in that: 0.5-2 wt % of fumed silica is added to the prepared water-soluble fire retardant liquid to adjust the viscosity.