Worm and gear speed reducer based on composite worm

Abstract

The invention discloses a worm and gear speed reducer based on a composite worm, which relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a composite worm, a worm gear and a self-adaptive axial adjusting device, the upper shell and the lower shell form a cavity, the composite worm is installed in the lower shell through a bearing, and the worm gear is meshed with the composite worm. And a self-adaptive axial adjusting device is mounted on the composite worm, and the self-adaptive axial adjusting device can adjust the axial displacement of the composite worm. The cylindrical worm part and the toroidal worm part of the composite worm are meshed with the worm gear in a non-interference mode, the self-adaptive axial adjusting device is installed on one side of the toroidal surface of the composite worm, and by means of the improved design of the worm structure in the speed reducer, the bearing capacity of the speed reducer can be greatly improved while the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and particularly to a worm and worm gear speed reducer based on a composite worm. Background Art

[0002] A worm and worm gear speed reducer is a power transmission mechanism that uses a gear speed converter to reduce the rotation speed of an electric motor (motor) to the required rotation speed and obtain a larger torque. In the mechanism for transmitting power and motion, the application range of speed reducers is quite extensive.

[0003] Existing worm and worm gear speed reducers are all cylindrical worm pair speed reducers. Due to reasons such as fewer meshing teeth and small contact area in the cylindrical worm pair of the speed reducer, the load-bearing capacity is relatively low, and the friction loss during transmission is relatively large, resulting in low power transmission efficiency; the size of a complete one-time enveloping toroidal worm is large and the processing technology is complex, requiring special processing equipment and tools, with extremely high requirements for processing accuracy, and great difficulties in debugging and detection during the manufacturing process, resulting in high manufacturing costs, which limits the application of toroidal worm pairs in the field of speed reducers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a worm and worm gear speed reducer based on a composite worm. By setting a composite worm and an adaptive axial adjustment device, the axial installation position of the composite worm is adjusted through the adaptive axial adjustment device, so as to adaptively adjust the meshing state between the composite worm and the worm gear.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] A worm and worm gear speed reducer based on a composite worm includes an upper housing, a lower housing, a composite worm, a worm gear, and an adaptive axial adjustment device; the upper housing and the lower housing form a cavity body, the composite worm is installed in the lower housing through a bearing, and the worm gear meshes with the composite worm; an adaptive axial adjustment device is installed on the composite worm, and the adaptive axial adjustment device can adjust the axial displacement of the composite worm.

[0007] In the above solution, a cylindrical worm structure and a one-time enveloping toroidal worm structure are provided on the composite worm.

[0008] In the above solution, taking the central meshing point as the boundary on the composite worm, the central meshing point is the transition area between the cylindrical worm structure and the one-time enveloping toroidal worm structure.

[0009] In the above solution, the adaptive axial adjustment device is close to the primary enveloping hourglass worm structure; the adaptive axial adjustment device includes a telescopic shaft, a fixed shaft, a spring, a bushing and a thrust ball bearing; the bushing is installed on the compound worm, the telescopic shaft is sleeved outside the bushing, the fixed shaft is sleeved on the telescopic shaft, and a spring is arranged between the telescopic shaft and the fixed shaft, and the telescopic shaft can slide relative to the fixed shaft; one end of the telescopic shaft is fitted with the loose ring of the thrust ball bearing, the thrust bearing is installed on the compound worm, and the tight ring of the thrust ball bearing is fitted with the compound worm.

[0010] In the above solution, the fixed shaft and the telescopic shaft are connected by a spline.

[0011] In the above solution, one side of the fixed shaft is fixed on the lower housing, and the cross section of the fixed shaft is in a T-shaped structure.

[0012] In the above solution, there is a certain gap between the fixed shaft and the telescopic shaft in the axial direction.

[0013] In the above solution, the thrust ball bearing is positioned by a shaft shoulder.

[0014] In the above solution, the spring is in a compressed state.

[0015] In the above solution, the bearing is a ball bearing.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention provides a worm and worm gear reducer based on a compound worm, which greatly improves the load-bearing capacity of the reducer while controlling the space size and processing cost of the reducer.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides a worm and worm gear reducer based on a compound worm, which can adjust the axial installation position of the compound worm through an adaptive adjustment device, and can adaptively adjust the meshing state between the compound worm and the worm gear; by adjusting the position of the compound worm along the axis direction, the meshing clearance caused by processing errors can be compensated.

[0019] 3. The present invention provides a worm and worm gear reducer based on a compound worm. The cylindrical worm and the primary enveloping hourglass worm part of the compound worm work together to prevent local overload, so that the entire transmission device can reliably bear loads under different load levels; the primary enveloping hourglass worm structure on the right side of the compound worm increases the tooth surface contact area and the number of simultaneously meshing tooth pairs, significantly improving the load-bearing capacity; compared with the traditional cylindrical worm, it can bear greater loads, effectively avoiding excessive wear and damage of the tooth surface, and is suitable for the starting and impact load conditions of heavy machinery.

[0020] 4. In the present invention, the cylindrical worm part and the toroidal worm part of the compound worm are both in non-interference meshing with the worm wheel. The adaptive axial adjustment device is installed on the toroidal side of the compound worm. Through the improved design of the worm structure in the speed reducer, the load-bearing capacity of the speed reducer can be greatly improved while reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a worm and worm wheel speed reducer based on a compound worm according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 FIG. is a cross-sectional view of a worm and worm wheel speed reducer based on a compound worm according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the worm and worm wheel pair involved in

[0024] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of the worm and worm wheel pair involved in

[0025] Figure 5 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the compound worm involved in

[0026] Figure 6 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the worm wheel involved in

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 1 the worm and worm wheel adaptive adjustment device involved in

[0028] Figure 8 is Figure 6 the telescopic shaft involved in

[0029] Figure 9 is Figure 6 the fixed shaft involved in

[0030] Reference Numerals:

[0031] 1 - upper housing; 2 - lower housing; 3 - compound worm; 3 - 1 - cylindrical worm structure; 3 - 2 - single-enveloping toroidal worm structure; 4 - worm wheel; 5 - adaptive axial adjustment device; 5 - 1 - telescopic shaft; 5 - 2 - fixed shaft; 5 - 3 - spring; 5 - 4 - bushing; 5 - 5 - thrust ball bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] A worm and worm gear reducer based on a composite worm includes an upper housing 1, a lower housing 2, a composite worm 3, a worm wheel 4, and an adaptive axial adjustment device 5.

[0036] Taking the central meshing point as the boundary, the left side of the composite worm 3 is a cylindrical worm structure 3-1, and the right side is a single-enveloping hourglass worm structure 3-2; the cylindrical worm structure 3-1 and the single-enveloping hourglass worm structure 3-2 together form the complete composite worm 3, and the composite worm 3 meshes with the worm wheel 4 to achieve power transmission.

[0037] The central meshing point is the transition region between the cylindrical worm structure 3-1 and the single-enveloping hourglass worm structure 3-2, and the tooth profile of this region realizes smooth transition through gradient design.

[0038] The worm and worm gear reducer can adjust the meshing state between the compound worm 3 and the worm gear 4 through the adaptive axial adjustment device 5; by adjusting the position of the compound worm 3 along the axis direction, the meshing clearance caused by machining errors can be compensated.

[0039] Only a part of the one-time envelope toroidal worm structure 3-2 of the compound worm 3 needs to be subjected to toroidal envelope machining, which can reduce the machining cost.

[0040] After the compound worm 3 is machined, the compound worm can be detected by using the measuring tool of the cylindrical worm structure 3-1.

[0041] The adaptive axial adjustment device 5 includes a telescopic shaft 5-1, a fixed shaft 5-2, an adjustment spring 5-3, a bronze sleeve 5-4, and a thrust ball bearing 5-5; the tight ring of the thrust ball bearing 5-5 is matched with the compound worm 3, and the loose ring is matched with the telescopic shaft 5-1. The telescopic shaft 5-1 is a hollow shaft with a rectangular spline on the outer circle. The outer circle of the fixed shaft 5-2 is smooth and has a rectangular spline inside. The telescopic shaft 5-1 and the fixed shaft 5-2 are connected by a rectangular spline, and the two can move relatively axially and cannot rotate radially; the adjustment spring 5-3 is compressed between the telescopic shaft 5-1 and the fixed shaft 5-2, and the relative displacement between the telescopic shaft 5-1 and the fixed shaft 5-2 is realized by relying on the elastic force of the spring 5-3, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment between the turbine 4 and the compound worm 3; the fixed shaft 5-2 is fixedly connected to the lower housing 2; the bronze sleeve 5-4 is sleeved on the worm and is inside the telescopic shaft 5-1.

[0042] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention.

Claims

1. A worm gear reducer based on a composite worm, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper housing (1), a lower housing (2), a composite worm (3), a worm wheel (4) and an adaptive axial adjustment device (5); the upper housing (1) and the lower housing (2) form a hollow cavity; the composite worm (3) is mounted in the lower housing (2) via a bearing; the worm wheel (4) is meshed with the composite worm (3); the composite worm (5) is mounted with an adaptive axial adjustment device (5); the adaptive axial adjustment device (5) is capable of adjusting the axial displacement of the composite worm (5).

2. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite worm (3) is provided with a cylindrical worm structure (3-1) and a primary enveloping annular worm structure (3-2).

3. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite worm (3) is bounded by a central meshing point, which is a transition area between the cylindrical worm structure (3-1) and the primary enveloping annular worm structure (3-2).

4. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adaptive axial adjustment device (5) is close to the primary enveloping annular worm structure (3-2); the adaptive axial adjustment device (5) comprises a telescopic shaft (5-1), a fixed shaft (5-2), a spring (5-3), a sleeve (5-4) and a thrust ball bearing (5-5); the sleeve (5-4) is mounted on the composite worm (3); the outer side of the sleeve (5-4) is sleeved with the telescopic shaft (5-1); the telescopic shaft (5-1) is sleeved with the fixed shaft (5-2); a spring (5-3) is arranged between the telescopic shaft (5-1) and the fixed shaft (5-2); the telescopic shaft (5-1) can slide relative to the fixed shaft (5-2); one end of the telescopic shaft (5-1) is matched with a loose ring of the thrust ball bearing (5-5); the thrust bearing (5-5) is mounted on the composite worm (3); and the tight ring of the thrust ball bearing (5-5) is matched with the composite worm (3).

5. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixed shaft (5-2) and the telescopic shaft (5-1) are connected via a spline.

6. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 4, characterized in that: One side of the fixed shaft (5-2) is fixed on the lower shell (2), and the cross section of the fixed shaft (5-2) is in a T-shaped structure.

7. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 4, characterized in that: There is a certain gap between the fixed shaft (5-2) and the telescopic shaft (5-1) in the axial direction.

8. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thrust ball bearing (5-5) is positioned via a shaft shoulder.

9. The worm gear reducer based on the composite worm according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spring (5-3) is in a compressed state.

10. The worm gear reducer based on a composite worm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing is a ball bearing.

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