Rod-optical fiber coupling measurement device and method for monitoring open pit coal mine slope

Abstract

The invention provides a rod-optical fiber coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber coupling measurement, the rod-optical fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring comprises an elastic rod, a light source body and a spectrum analyzer, the arc surface of the elastic rod is provided with a spiral groove, and the arc surface of the elastic rod is provided with an optical fiber. A single-mode optical fiber is wound on the inner wall of the spiral groove, the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber are electrically connected with the light source body and the spectrum analyzer respectively, an anti-disengaging mechanism is arranged at the position, corresponding to the single-mode optical fiber, of the surface of the light source body and comprises a fixing frame, and the inner wall of the fixing frame is rotationally connected with a rotating frame. The end, away from the fixing frame, of the rotating frame is fixedly connected with a fixing frame, the inner wall of the fixing frame is rotationally connected with a rotating ring, and the section of the fixing frame and the section of the rotating ring are C-shaped. According to the invention, the optical fiber sensing technology is applied to the traditional inclinometer to improve the measurement precision, and the problems of complex structure and poor measurement stability of the existing measurement equipment are solved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fiber optic coupling measurement, and particularly relates to a rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring. Background Art

[0002] In open-pit coal mine mining, disasters such as slope landslides are often faced. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and analyze the deformation of areas prone to slope to effectively predict the trend of open-pit coal mine slope landslides, give early warnings, and ensure the safe operation of open-pit coal mine mining.

[0003] A fiber optic coupling measurement device is a test equipment used to evaluate the connection performance and coupling efficiency of optical fibers. It emits an optical signal through a light source, injects it into the optical fiber through a coupler, and then measures the signal intensity at the receiving end by a detector. Finally, the coupling loss is calculated by comparing the input and output optical powers with an optical power meter. This device is widely used in fields such as optical communication, fiber optic sensing, and optical experiments. It can help engineers optimize the optical fiber connection quality, reduce signal loss, and improve the overall performance of the optical fiber system. The signal transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the test equipment or is reflected, and then the signal intensity, wavelength, or other optical characteristics are detected by a photoelectric detector. The received electrical signal is decoded, filtered, amplified, etc. by a receiving device, and finally the measurement results, such as parameters like light intensity, spectrum, loss, reflection, etc., are obtained through an analysis system or instrument. Among them, the deep displacement detection of the open-pit coal mine slope refers to the technology of monitoring and detecting the deep displacement of the slope. The fiber optic sensing technology is widely used in the field of deep displacement detection of open-pit coal mine slopes and is relatively common in daily life.

[0004] The prior art, such as the invention patent with the Chinese publication number CN117969031A, discloses a device and method for measuring the coupling efficiency between a laser and an optical fiber in an optical lens. This patent includes a first component for generating a laser beam; a second component, which is an optical element with at least 3 end faces, denoted as m, n, and q respectively; a third component, which is an optical lens to be measured and evaluated, for transmitting the laser beam from the nth end of the second component or a fourth component. The propagation type of the laser beam between the third component and the nth end of the second component is fiber optics - free space optics. In this process, the transmission efficiency of the laser beam from the third component into the nth end of the second component and then to the qth end of the second component is characterized by the coupling characteristic parameter η32n; a fourth component, which is a lens combination; a fifth component, which is a mirror; a sixth component, which is a measurement device and instrument capable of measuring the coupling characteristics between the laser beam and the optical fiber in the optical lens.

[0005] In daily use, it is found that in the prior art, fiber optic sensing technology monitors the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope by laying optical fibers inside or on the surface of the open-pit coal mine slope and monitoring the changes in the optical fibers. In this process, when applying fiber optic sensing technology to a traditional inclinometer to improve the measurement accuracy, it is necessary to use a measurement reference point to calculate the depth displacement, which is prone to problems such as complex structure and poor measurement stability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for monitoring open-pit coal mine slopes, which solves the disadvantages of the prior art that fiber optic sensing technology lays optical fibers inside or on the surface of open-pit coal mine slopes and needs to use a measurement reference point to calculate the depth displacement, resulting in a complex structure and poor measurement stability.

[0007] According to the first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for monitoring open-pit coal mine slopes is provided, which includes an elastic rod, a light source body, and a spectral analyzer. A spiral groove is formed on the arc surface of the elastic rod, and a single-mode optical fiber is wound around the inner wall of the spiral groove. The two ends of the single-mode optical fiber are electrically connected to the light source body and the spectral analyzer respectively. A anti-disconnection mechanism is provided on the surface of the light source body corresponding to the position of the single-mode optical fiber. The anti-disconnection mechanism includes a fixed frame, a rotating frame is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, a fixed frame is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating frame away from the fixed frame, a rotating ring is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, and the cross section of the fixed frame and the rotating ring is in the shape of "C".

[0008] Preferably, the inner walls of the rotating ring and the fixed frame slide through the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber, and a sliding hole is formed on the surface of the fixed frame; further, a moving rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding hole, one end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring, and an extrusion shaft is threadedly connected to the arc surface of the moving rod.

[0009] Preferably, coil springs are sleeved on both ends of the inner wall of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the coil springs are fixedly connected to the fixed frame and the rotating frame respectively. Preferably, a protective ring is sleeved on the arc surface of the moving rod, and the surface of the protective ring abuts against the lower surface of the extrusion shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the moving rod is a cemented carbide rod, and the cross-sectional dimension of the moving rod is adapted to the cross-sectional dimension of the sliding hole. More preferably, positioning mechanisms are provided at both ends of the elastic rod. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning frame. The inner wall of the positioning frame is inserted into one end of the elastic rod. Positioning plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the surface of the positioning frame. A plug rod slidably penetrates through the surface of the positioning plate. A spring is sleeved on the arc surface of the plug rod. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the plug rod and the positioning plate respectively. Connecting plates are fixedly connected to the arc surfaces at both ends of the positioning frame. Every two of the four connecting plates form a group. The same connecting plate is inserted into the surface of each group of connecting plates. A plurality of positioning shafts threadedly penetrate through the surface of the connecting plate. The positions of the positioning shafts correspond to the positions of the single-mode optical fibers. One end of the plug rod is inserted into the surface of the connecting plate.

[0011] Preferably, a pull ring is rotatably connected to the surface of one end of the plug rod, and the cross-section of the pull ring is vertical. Preferably, an auxiliary block is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning shaft close to the elastic rod. The auxiliary block is a rubber block, and the surface of the auxiliary block abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0012] Preferably, support mechanisms are provided on the bottom surfaces of the light source body and the spectral analyzer. The support mechanism includes four adjusting rings. The upper ends of the adjusting rings are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body. The inner wall of the adjusting ring is threadedly connected to a support frame. The cross-section of the support frame is cylindrical. A support column is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support frame. Limiting plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the upper end of the support column. Limiting holes are opened on both sides of the arc surface of the support frame. The inner wall of the limiting hole is slidably connected to the surface of the limiting plate. A tension spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support column. The end of the tension spring away from the support column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame.

[0013] Preferably, a telescopic rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the tension spring. The two ends of the telescopic rod are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame and the upper surface of the support column respectively. A support pad is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support column. The support pad is a silica gel pad.

[0014] According to the second aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a rod-fiber coupling measurement method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is provided. It uses the above-mentioned rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, and includes the following steps: Step S1, single-mode optical fiber pretreatment, design and manufacture an elastic rod, and encapsulate the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove of the elastic rod; Step S2, install and deploy the elastic rod, drill a hole in the open-pit coal mine slope or inside the geological body, and vertically and fixedly insert the elastic rod in step one into the hole, and fill the hole to fix the rod body; Step S3: Connect and debug the spectral analyzer. Connect one end of the single-mode optical fiber to the light source body, extend the other end to the ground surface through the protective optical cable, and connect it to the spectral analyzer. Start the light source body and the spectral analyzer, and debug the transmitted signal to a normal value. Step S4: Collect and measure the data of the spectral analyzer. Real-time monitor the change of the reflection spectrum of the single-mode optical fiber through the spectral analyzer, and use the data processing system to analyze the collected data to calculate the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the present invention, the single-mode optical fiber is encapsulated in the spiral groove of the elastic rod, and then it can be inserted into the drill hole to realize monitoring. The structure is simple, the whole device is fixed in the drill hole, with good stability. Moreover, the elastic rod can provide certain elasticity and stability, while reducing the influence of external interference on the measurement result. Its high elasticity can effectively relieve the stress concentration phenomenon caused by slope displacement and ensure the accuracy of measurement. Compared with multimode optical fibers, the single-mode optical fiber adopted in the present invention has a higher transmission speed and lower transmission loss, can transmit a larger bandwidth, and is suitable for application scenarios that require high bandwidth and long-distance transmission.

[0016] 2. By setting the anti-disconnection mechanism in the present invention, it can limit the docking between the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body, avoid the loosening and falling off during the docking between the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body, and can help to quickly and conveniently fix and protect the position of the single-mode optical fiber by means of the opening and closing of the position between the fixed frame and the rotating ring.

[0017] 3. By setting the positioning mechanism in the present invention, it can abut and fix the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove opened on the surface of the elastic rod. With the positioning frames inserted at both ends of the elastic rod, then insert and position the connecting plate fixed to both ends of the positioning frame with the connecting plate, and at the same time insert the insertion rod on the surface of the positioning plate into the connecting plate, so that the position of the whole connecting plate is fixed and cannot fall off. At the same time, it also uses the positioning shaft on the surface of the connecting plate to squeeze and protect the surface of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0018] 4. By setting the support mechanism in the present invention, it can better support and protect the light source body and the spectral analyzer during operation, avoid knocking and damaging the lower surface of the light source body and the spectral analyzer. At this time, with the support column in the support frame, the support column can effectively and conveniently support the light source body and the spectral analyzer by using the extrusion force generated by the tension spring. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 2Another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the anti-disengagement mechanism of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 4 Exploded structural schematic diagram of the anti-disengagement mechanism of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 6 Exploded structural schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 7 Structural schematic diagram of the support mechanism of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention; Figure 8 Exploded structural schematic diagram of the support mechanism of the rod-fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings: 1, elastic rod; 2, spiral groove; 3, single-mode optical fiber; 4, light source body; 5, spectral analyzer; 6, anti-disengagement mechanism; 61, fixing frame; 62, rotating frame; 63, fixing frame; 64, rotating ring; 65, torsion spring; 66, sliding hole; 67, moving rod; 68, extrusion shaft; 69, protective ring; 7, positioning mechanism; 71, positioning frame; 72, positioning plate; 73, inserting rod; 74, spring; 75, pulling ring; 76, connecting plate; 77, positioning shaft; 78, auxiliary block; 79, connecting plate; 8, support mechanism; 81, adjusting ring; 82, support frame; 83, support column; 84, limiting plate; 85, support pad; 86, limiting hole; 87, pulling spring; 88, telescopic rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0022] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0023] The present invention provides a rod - optical fiber coupling measurement device and method for open - pit coal mine slope monitoring, which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art. In the prior art, the optical fiber sensing technology monitors the deep displacement of the slope by laying optical fibers inside or on the surface of the slope and monitoring the changes of the optical fibers. In this process, when applying the optical fiber sensing technology to a traditional inclinometer to improve the measurement accuracy, it is necessary to use a measurement reference point to calculate the depth displacement, which is prone to the disadvantages of complex structure and poor measurement stability.

[0024] A rod - optical fiber coupling measurement device for open - pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention includes an elastic rod, a light source body, and a spectral analyzer. A spiral groove is provided on the arc surface of the elastic rod, and a single - mode optical fiber is wound around the inner wall of the spiral groove. The two ends of the single - mode optical fiber are electrically connected to the light source body and the spectral analyzer respectively. A anti - detachment mechanism is provided on the surface of the light source body corresponding to the position of the single - mode optical fiber. The anti - detachment mechanism includes a fixed frame, a rotating frame is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, a fixed frame is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating frame away from the fixed frame, a rotating ring is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, the cross - section of the fixed frame and the rotating ring is in a "C" shape, the inner wall of the rotating ring and the fixed frame slidably penetrate through the arc surface of one end of the single - mode optical fiber, a sliding hole is provided on the surface of the fixed frame, a moving rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding hole, one end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring, and an extrusion shaft is threadedly connected to the arc surface of the moving rod.

[0025] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: When performing coupling measurement on the optical fiber, the single - mode optical fiber can be fixed and constrained by means of the elastic rod and the spiral groove provided on its surface. At the same time, when electrically connecting the single - mode optical fiber to the light source body and the spectral analyzer, the anti - detachment mechanism provided on the surface of the light source body is used for auxiliary operation, which is convenient for better fixing and limiting the single - mode optical fiber and the light source body, and avoiding the situation of detachment.

[0026] Preferably, coil springs are sleeved at both ends of the inner wall of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the coil springs are fixedly connected to the fixed frame and the rotating frame respectively.

[0027] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: The position of the rotating frame can be squeezed and limited by the torsional force generated by the coil spring, which is convenient for better fixing the position of the rotating frame.

[0028] Preferably, a protective ring is sleeved on the arc surface of the moving rod, and the surface of the protective ring abuts against the lower surface of the extrusion shaft.

[0029] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: During the process of squeezing and limiting the extrusion shaft and the sliding hole, the protective ring is used for protection to prevent the extrusion shaft from loosening and falling off.

[0030] Preferably, the movable rod is a cemented carbide rod, and the cross-sectional dimension of the movable rod is adapted to the cross-sectional dimension of the sliding hole.

[0031] The effect achieved by the above components is that when rotating the position of the rotating ring, the movable rod made of cemented carbide is used for auxiliary operation to avoid deformation of the movable rod during long-term use.

[0032] Preferably, positioning mechanisms are provided at both ends of the elastic rod. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning frame. The inner wall of the positioning frame is inserted into one end of the elastic rod. Positioning plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the surface of the positioning frame. A plug rod slidably penetrates through the surface of the positioning plate. A spring is sleeved on the arc surface of the plug rod. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the plug rod and the positioning plate respectively. Connecting plates are fixedly connected to the arc surfaces at both ends of the positioning frame. Every two of the four connecting plates form a group, and the same connecting plate is inserted into the surface of each group of connecting plates. A number of positioning shafts threadedly penetrate through the surface of the connecting plate. The positions of the positioning shafts correspond to the positions of the single-mode optical fibers. One end of the plug rod is inserted into the surface of the connecting plate.

[0033] The effect achieved by the above components is that when fixing and limiting the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove formed on the surface of the elastic rod, the positioning mechanisms provided at both ends of the surface of the elastic rod can be used for auxiliary operation. By clamping and fixing the positions of the two connecting plates, the positioning shafts threadedly penetrating through the surface of the connecting plate can abut against and limit the surface of the single-mode optical fiber for fixing operation, effectively preventing the single-mode optical fiber from falling off.

[0034] Preferably, a pull ring is rotatably connected to the surface of one end of the plug rod, and the cross-section of the pull ring is vertical.

[0035] The effect achieved by the above components is that when stretching and moving the position of the plug rod, the pull ring rotatably connected to one end of the plug rod is used for auxiliary operation, which is convenient for better stretching operation of the position of the plug rod.

[0036] Preferably, an auxiliary block is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning shaft close to the elastic rod. The auxiliary block is a rubber block, and the surface of the auxiliary block abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0037] The effect achieved by the above components is that during the process of binding the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove, the auxiliary block made of rubber at one end of the positioning shaft is used for extrusion protection operation, which is convenient for better extrusion and fixing of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0038] Preferably, support mechanisms are provided on the bottom surfaces of both the light source body and the spectral analyzer. The support mechanism includes four adjusting rings. The upper ends of the adjusting rings are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body. The inner wall of the adjusting ring is threadedly connected to a support frame. The cross-section of the support frame is cylindrical. A support column is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support frame. Limiting plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the upper end of the support column. Limiting holes are formed on both sides of the arc surface of the support frame. The inner wall of the limiting hole is slidably connected to the surface of the limiting plate. A tension spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support column. The end of the tension spring away from the support column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame.

[0039] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: During the operation and use of the light source body and the spectral analyzer, in order to better support and limit the light source body and the spectral analyzer, the support mechanism can be used for operation, and the support column sliding in the support frame is used to perform extrusion support operation through the extrusion force generated by the tension spring.

[0040] Preferably, a telescopic rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the tension spring. The two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame and the upper surface of the support column. A support pad is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support column. The support pad is a silica gel pad.

[0041] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: During the process of stretching and limiting the tension spring, the telescopic rod can be used to protect the tension spring to prevent the tension spring from deforming after long-term use. During the process of using the support column to support the entire light source body and the spectral analyzer, the silica gel support pad is used for support and protection.

[0042] In another technical solution of the present invention, a rod-fiber coupling measurement method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is provided. It uses the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring of the present invention, and includes the following steps: Step S1, single-mode optical fiber pretreatment. Design and manufacture an elastic rod, and encapsulate the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove of the elastic rod. Step S2, install and deploy the elastic rod. Drill a hole inside the slope or geological body, and vertically and fixedly insert the elastic rod in step one into the drilled hole, and fill the hole to fix the rod body. Step S3, connect and debug the spectral analyzer. Connect one end of the single-mode optical fiber to the light source body, extend the other end to the ground through a protective optical cable, and connect it to the spectral analyzer. Start the light source body and the spectral analyzer, and debug the transmission signal to a normal value. Step S4, collect and measure the data of the spectral analyzer. Real-time monitor the change of the reflection spectrum of the single-mode optical fiber through the spectral analyzer, and use a data processing system to analyze the collected data to calculate the deep displacement of the slope.

[0043] Furthermore, the rod - optical fiber coupling measurement method for open - pit coal mine slope monitoring includes the following steps: Step S5: During the docking process between the single - mode optical fiber and the light source body, use the anti - detachment mechanism for protection. First, insert one end surface of the single - mode optical fiber through the fixed frame and the rotating ring. Then, pull the moving rod to rotate the rotating ring to make the entire fixed frame in a closed state. Finally, rotate the extrusion shaft on the arc surface of the moving rod to prevent the position of the entire rotating ring from shifting or loosening. Step S6: When protecting the position of the single - mode optical fiber in the spiral groove on the surface of the elastic rod, use the positioning mechanism for auxiliary operation. First, insert the two positioning frames at both ends of the elastic rod. Then, insert the two connecting plates with the connecting plates at both ends of the positioning frames. Next, stretch the insertion rod sliding on the inner wall of the positioning plate on the surface of the positioning frame, so that the insertion rod is inserted and fixed with the connecting plate by the tensile force generated by the spring. At the same time, rotate the positioning shaft on the surface of the connecting plate, and let the positioning shaft squeeze and fix the surface of the single - mode optical fiber through the auxiliary block. Step S7: During the operation of the light source body and the spectral analyzer, use the support mechanism provided at the bottom for support and protection. Thread - connect the adjustment rings on the lower surfaces of the light source body and the spectral analyzer with the support frame. Then, through the support column sliding in the support frame, make the support column support and protect by the extrusion force generated by the tension spring to avoid direct collision damage.

[0044] The following further describes the rod - optical fiber coupling measurement device for open - pit coal mine slope monitoring of the present invention with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] As Figures 1 - 8 shown, a rod - optical fiber coupling measurement device for open - pit coal mine slope monitoring of the present invention includes an elastic rod 1, a light source body 4, and a spectral analyzer 5. A spiral groove 2 is formed on the arc surface of the elastic rod 1, and a single - mode optical fiber 3 is wound on the inner wall of the spiral groove 2. The two ends of the single - mode optical fiber 3 are electrically connected to the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5 respectively. An anti - detachment mechanism 6 is provided on the surface of the light source body 4 corresponding to the position of the single - mode optical fiber 3. Positioning mechanisms 7 are provided at both ends of the elastic rod 1. Support mechanisms 8 are provided on the bottom surfaces of the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5. Existing slope deep displacement detection methods include devices such as inclinometers, total stations, and GPS. Existing methods have problems such as low accuracy and limited monitoring range. The present invention effectively solves the problems existing in the existing methods and improves the accuracy and reliability of slope deep displacement detection.

[0046] The device of the present invention can be divided into a support structure and a measurement structure. The support structure is an elastic rod 1 made of a highly elastic rubber rod, and the measurement structure is a single-mode optical fiber 3. By inputting an optical pulse signal into the single-mode optical fiber 3, when the optical pulse signal propagates to the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring in the single-mode optical fiber 3, a part of the optical signal will be reflected back to the light source body 4 end. When deep displacement occurs in the open-pit coal mine slope, the rod-fiber coupling measurement device laid in the open-pit coal mine slope bends, and the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring deforms synchronously with the slope body, causing optical loss of the optical signal transmitted in the single-mode optical fiber 3. This optical loss has a corresponding relationship with the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope, which helps to determine the deformation state of the open-pit coal mine slope and realize the measurement and regional identification of the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope. According to the time-delay characteristic of backward Rayleigh scattering, at different positions of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, the backward Rayleigh scattering of the optical signal caused by the bending of the slope body returns to the signal acquisition device in sequence. By measuring the optical loss and transmission time of the backward Rayleigh scattering of the received optical signal, the optical power attenuation curve and displacement region along the length direction of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring can be obtained. The application of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring based on optical time-domain reflectometry technology in the measurement of deep displacement of open-pit coal mine slopes effectively improves the applicability and measurement accuracy of fiber optic sensing technology in the measurement of deep displacement and displacement region identification of open-pit coal mine slopes.

[0047] Among them, during the pre-treatment of the single-mode optical fiber, the elastic rod 1 is designed and manufactured. The length of the elastic rod 1 is several meters to more than ten meters; the diameter of the elastic rod 1 is designed to be several centimeters for installation in the drill hole. The single-mode optical fiber 3 is encapsulated in the spiral groove 2 of the elastic rod 1. A highly elastic rubber rod is used as the material of the elastic rod. The spiral groove is manufactured on the surface of the highly elastic rubber rod by using 3D printing technology. The length of the elastic rod is determined according to the depth of the open-pit coal mine slope. Drill a hole in the open-pit coal mine slope or inside the geological body, and the hole diameter is larger than the diameter of the elastic rod. The elastic rod is vertically and fixedly inserted into the drill hole. Use grouting material to fill the fixing hole. The grouting material is cement or epoxy resin. Use glue and pressure-sensitive tape to encapsulate the single-mode optical fiber 3 in the spiral groove 2 to ensure stability. The smooth inner surface of the spiral groove 2 makes it easy for the single-mode optical fiber 3 to be coupled with the highly elastic rubber rod; Install and deploy the elastic rod. Drill a hole in the open-pit coal mine slope or inside the geological body, and the hole diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the elastic rod 1 to ensure that the elastic rod 1 can enter smoothly. The hole depth is determined according to the depth to be monitored. Carefully insert the elastic rod 1 equipped with the single-mode optical fiber 3 into the drill hole. Ensure that the elastic rod 1 is vertically and firmly fixed at the predetermined position to prevent loosening or failure during use. Use grouting material, such as cement or epoxy resin, to fill the hole to fix the elastic rod 1 and ensure that the elastic rod 1 is stable and does not move; Connect and debug the spectral analyzer. Connect one end of the single-mode optical fiber 3 to the light source body 4, and the other end extends to the ground through the protective optical cable and is connected to the spectral analyzer 5. Start the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5, debug the transmission signal to the normal value, and calibrate to ensure accurate measurement; Collect and measure the data of the spectral analyzer. Real-time monitor the change of the reflection spectrum of the single-mode optical fiber 3 through the spectral analyzer 5. Use a data processing system such as a computer to analyze the collected data and calculate the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope. Specifically, input an optical pulse signal into the single-mode optical fiber 3. When the optical pulse signal propagates to the coupling device in the single-mode optical fiber 3, a part of the optical signal will be reflected back to the light source body 4 end; When the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope occurs, the optical signal transmitted in the single-mode optical fiber 3 generates optical loss, and the Rayleigh scattering loss is the most significant. When Rayleigh scattering occurs, a part of the incident optical signal diffuses backward along the axis of the single-mode optical fiber 3. This phenomenon is called backward Rayleigh scattering. The backward sharp scattered light has a specific time delay and carries the optical loss information of the single-mode optical fiber 3. This information contains the corresponding relationship between the optical loss and the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope, which helps to determine the deformation state of the open-pit coal mine slope and realize the measurement and regional identification of the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope. The optical power of the backward Rayleigh scattering is proportional to the incident optical power at the Rayleigh scattering point. Therefore, by measuring the optical power of the backward Rayleigh scattering, the optical loss information at the Rayleigh scattering point can be obtained, and the depth displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope can be measured by using the optical loss information; Measure the optical loss and time point of the single-mode optical fiber 3 by collecting the backward Rayleigh scattering of the optical signal.

[0048] According to the time-delay characteristics of backward Rayleigh scattering, at different positions of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, due to the bending of the slope body, the backward Rayleigh scattering of the optical signal returns to the spectral analyzer 5 in sequence. By measuring the optical loss and transmission time of the received optical signal's backward Rayleigh scattering, the optical power attenuation curve and displacement area along the length direction of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring can be obtained. The depth displacement of the slope is calculated in real time according to the change of the optical signal, and the deformation conditions of different regions are identified and analyzed through the region recognition algorithm.

[0049] Next, the specific settings and functions of its anti-disengagement mechanism 6, positioning mechanism 7, and support mechanism 8 will be described in detail.

[0050] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the anti-disengagement mechanism 6 includes a fixed frame 61. The inner wall of the fixed frame 61 is rotatably connected with a rotating frame 62. One end of the rotating frame 62 away from the fixed frame 61 is fixedly connected with a fixed frame 63. The inner wall of the fixed frame 63 is rotatably connected with a rotating ring 64. The cross-section of the fixed frame 63 and the rotating ring 64 is in a "C" shape. The inner wall of the rotating ring 64 and the fixed frame 63 slidably penetrate through the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber 3. A sliding hole 66 is formed on the surface of the fixed frame 63. A moving rod 67 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding hole 66. One end of the moving rod 67 is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring 64. A pressing shaft 68 is threadedly connected to the arc surface of the moving rod 67. When performing coupling measurement on the optical fiber, the single-mode optical fiber 3 can be fixedly bound by means of the elastic rod 1 and the spiral groove 2 formed on the surface. At the same time, when electrically connecting the single-mode optical fiber 3 to the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5, the anti-disengagement mechanism 6 provided on the surface of the light source body 4 is used for auxiliary operation, which is convenient for better fixing and limiting the single-mode optical fiber 3 and the light source body 4, and avoiding the situation of falling off. Both ends of the inner wall of the fixed frame 61 are sleeved with torsion springs 65. The two ends of the torsion spring 65 are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed frame 61 and the rotating frame 62. The position of the rotating frame 62 can be squeezed and limited by the torsional force generated by the torsion spring 65, which is convenient for better fixing the position of the rotating frame 62. A protective ring 69 is sleeved on the arc surface of the moving rod 67. The surface of the protective ring 69 abuts against the lower surface of the pressing shaft 68. During the process of squeezing and limiting the pressing shaft 68 and the sliding hole 66, the protective ring 69 is used for protection to prevent the pressing shaft 68 from loosening and falling off. The moving rod 67 is a hard alloy rod, and the cross-sectional dimension of the moving rod 67 is adapted to the cross-sectional dimension of the sliding hole 66. When rotating the position of the rotating ring 64, the hard alloy moving rod 67 is used for auxiliary operation to prevent the moving rod 67 from deforming after long-term use.

[0051] As Figure 5 andFigure 6 As shown, the positioning mechanism 7 includes a positioning frame 71. One end of the elastic rod 1 is inserted into the inner wall of the positioning frame 71. On both sides of the surface of the positioning frame 71, positioning plates 72 are fixedly connected. The surface of the positioning plate 72 is slidably penetrated by a plug rod 73. A spring 74 is sleeved on the arc surface of the plug rod 73. The two ends of the spring 74 are fixedly connected to the plug rod 73 and the positioning plate 72 respectively. At both ends of the arc surface of the positioning frame 71, connecting plates 76 are fixedly connected. Every two of the four connecting plates 76 form a group. The surface of each group of connecting plates 76 is inserted with the same connecting plate 79. A number of positioning shafts 77 are threadedly penetrated through the surface of the connecting plate 79. The positions of the positioning shafts 77 correspond to the positions of the single-mode optical fiber 3. One end of the plug rod 73 is inserted into the surface of the connecting plate 76. When fixing and limiting the single-mode optical fiber 3 to the spiral groove 2 formed on the surface of the elastic rod 1, the positioning mechanism 7 provided at both ends of the surface of the elastic rod 1 can be used for auxiliary operation. By clamping and fixing the positions of the two connecting plates 79, the positioning shafts 77 threadedly penetrated through the surface of the connecting plate 79 can be used to abut and limit the surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3, effectively preventing the single-mode optical fiber 3 from falling off. One end surface of the plug rod 73 is rotatably connected with a pull ring 75. The cross-section of the pull ring 75 is vertical. When stretching and moving the position of the plug rod 73, the pull ring 75 rotatably connected to one end of the plug rod 73 is used for auxiliary operation, which is convenient for better stretching operation of the position of the plug rod 73. One end of the positioning shaft 77 close to the elastic rod 1 is fixedly connected with an auxiliary block 78. The auxiliary block 78 is a rubber block. The surface of the auxiliary block 78 abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3. During the process of binding the single-mode optical fiber 3 in the spiral groove 2, the auxiliary block 78 made of rubber at one end of the positioning shaft 77 is used for extrusion protection operation, which is convenient for better extrusion and fixation of the single-mode optical fiber 3.

[0052] As Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown in the figure, the support mechanism 8 includes four adjusting rings 81. The upper ends of the adjusting rings 81 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body 4. The inner wall of the adjusting ring 81 is threadedly connected with a support frame 82. The cross-section of the support frame 82 is cylindrical. A support column 83 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support frame 82. The upper ends of both sides of the support column 83 are fixedly connected with limit plates 84. Limit holes 86 are formed on both sides of the arc surface of the support frame 82. The inner wall of the limit hole 86 is slidably connected with the surface of the limit plate 84. A tension spring 87 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support column 83. The end of the tension spring 87 away from the support column 83 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame 82. During the operation and use of the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5, in order to better support and limit the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5, the support mechanism 8 can be used for operation. The support column 83 sliding in the support frame 82 is used to perform extrusion support operation through the extrusion force generated by the tension spring 87. A telescopic rod 88 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the tension spring 87. The two ends of the telescopic rod 88 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame 82 and the upper surface of the support column 83. A support pad 85 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support column 83. The support pad 85 is a silica gel pad. During the process of stretching and limiting the tension spring 87, the telescopic rod 88 can be used to protect the tension spring 87 to prevent the tension spring 87 from deforming after long-term use. During the process of supporting the entire light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5 by means of the support column 83, the silica gel support pad 85 is used for support and protection.

[0053] The overall working principle of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is that during the docking process between the single-mode optical fiber 3 and the light source body 4, the anti-disconnection mechanism 6 is used for protection. First, one end surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3 is inserted through the fixed frame 63 and the rotating ring 64. Then, the moving rod 67 is pulled to rotate the rotating ring 64 to make the entire fixed frame 63 in a closed state. Finally, the extrusion shaft 68 on the arc surface of the moving rod 67 is rotated to prevent the position of the entire rotating ring 64 from shifting and loosening; When squeezing and protecting the position of the single-mode optical fiber 3 in the spiral groove 2 on the surface of the elastic rod 1, the positioning mechanism 7 is used for auxiliary operation. First, two positioning frames 71 are inserted into both ends of the elastic rod 1. Then, two connecting plates 79 are inserted into the connecting plates 76 at both ends of the positioning frame 71. Then, the insertion rod 73 sliding on the inner wall of the positioning plate 72 on the surface of the positioning frame 71 is stretched, so that the insertion rod 73 is inserted and fixed to the connecting plate 76 by the tensile force generated by the spring 74. At the same time, the positioning shaft 77 on the surface of the connecting plate 79 is rotated, and the positioning shaft 77 is used to squeeze and fix the surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3 by means of the auxiliary block 78; During the operation of the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5, support and protection are provided by the support mechanism 8 provided at the bottom end. The adjusting ring 81 on the lower surfaces of the light source body 4 and the spectral analyzer 5 is threadedly connected to the support frame 82. Then, through the support column 83 sliding in the support frame 82, the support column 83 is supported and protected by the extrusion force generated by the tension spring 87 to avoid direct collision damage.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, comprising an elastic rod (1), a light source body (4) and a spectrum analyzer (5), characterized in that: The elastic rod (1) is provided with a spiral groove (2) on its arc surface, a single-mode optical fiber (3) is wound around the inner wall of the spiral groove (2), two ends of the single-mode optical fiber (3) are respectively electrically connected to a light source body (4) and a spectrum analyzer (5), an anti-slip mechanism (6) is provided on the surface of the light source body (4) at a position corresponding to the single-mode optical fiber (3), the anti-slip mechanism (6) comprising a fixed frame (61), the inner wall of the fixed frame (61) being rotatably connected to a rotating frame (62), one end of the rotating frame (62) away from the fixed frame (61) being fixedly connected to a fixed frame (63), the inner wall of the fixed frame (63) being rotatably connected to a rotating ring (64), the cross-sections of the fixed frame (63) and the rotating ring (64) being in a "C" shape.

2. The rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the rotating ring (64) and the fixed frame (63) slides through the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber (3), and a sliding hole (66) is provided on the surface of the fixed frame (63).

3. A rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: A moving rod (67) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding hole (66), one end of the moving rod (67) is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring (64), and the arc surface of the moving rod (67) is threadedly connected to an extrusion shaft (68).

4. The rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both ends of the inner wall of the fixed frame (61) are sleeved with coil springs (65), and both ends of the coil spring (65) are fixedly connected to the fixed frame (61) and the rotating frame (62) respectively.

5. The rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The arc surface of the moving rod (67) is sleeved with a protective ring (69), and the surface of the protective ring (69) abuts against the lower surface of the extrusion shaft (68).

6. A rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The moving rod (67) is a hard alloy rod, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the moving rod (67) are matched to the cross-sectional dimensions of the sliding hole (66).

7. A rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both ends of the elastic rod (1) are provided with positioning mechanisms (7), the positioning mechanisms (7) comprising positioning frames (71), the inner wall of the positioning frames (71) being plugged into one end of the elastic rod (1), both sides of the surface of the positioning frames (71) being fixedly connected with positioning plates (72), the surface of the positioning plates (72) being slidably penetrated with an insertion rod (73), the arc surface of the insertion rod (73) being sleeved with a spring (74), the two ends of the spring (74) being respectively fixedly connected with the insertion rod (73) and the positioning plate (72), the arc surfaces of both ends of the positioning frames (71) being fixedly connected with connecting plates (76), four connecting plates (76) being grouped in pairs, the surface of each group of connecting plates (76) being plugged with the same connecting plate (79), the surface of the connecting plate (79) being threaded with a plurality of positioning shafts (77), the position of the positioning shafts (77) corresponding to the position of the single-mode optical fiber (3), one end of the insertion rod (73) being plugged into the surface of the connecting plate (76).

8. The rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pull ring (75) is rotatably connected to the surface of one end of the insertion rod (73), and the cross section of the pull ring (75) is vertical.

9. A rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that: An auxiliary block (78) is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning shaft (77) close to the elastic rod (1); the auxiliary block (78) is a rubber block; and the surface of the auxiliary block (78) abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber (3).

10. A rod-fiber coupling measurement method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, which uses the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps: Step S1, pre-processing the single-mode optical fiber, designing and manufacturing an elastic rod (1), and encapsulating the single-mode optical fiber (3) in the spiral groove (2) of the elastic rod (1); Step S2, installing and deploying the elastic rod, drilling a hole in the slope of the open-pit coal mine or inside the geological body, vertically inserting the elastic rod (1) in step 1 into the drilled hole, filling the hole to fix the rod body; Step S3, connecting and debugging the spectrum analyzer, connecting one end of the single-mode optical fiber (3) to the light source body, extending the other end to the surface through a protective optical cable and connecting it to the spectrum analyzer (5), starting the light source body and the spectrum analyzer (5), and debugging the transmission signal to a normal value; Step S4, collecting and measuring spectrum analyzer data, using the spectrum analyzer (5) to monitor the reflection spectrum changes of the single-mode optical fiber (3) in real time, using the data processing system to analyze the collected data, and calculating the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope.

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