Groove excavation and cable laying method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wind generating sets, and discloses a trench excavation and cable laying method which is applied to the wind generating sets, cables comprise cables and optical cables, and the method comprises the steps that according to a preset construction drawing, preparation of target construction equipment and target construction tools is completed, measurement is carried out on a target site, and a target path is obtained; according to the target path, excavation of the target groove is completed according to the target specification of the target groove in the construction drawing; determining the length of a target cable according to the type, the target path and the target specification of each piece of target electrical equipment in the target wind generating set, and determining the laying mode and laying matters needing attention of the target cable according to the soil texture condition of the target groove and the type of the target electrical equipment; and cable laying is carried out, the target construction image is monitored by using the hazard source identification model in the laying process, and early warning is carried out when a target hidden danger is monitored. The cable laying device has the effects of improving the cable laying efficiency and reducing the cable laying cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind turbines, and specifically, to a method for trench excavation and cable laying. Background Art

[0002] Wind turbines are usually located in relatively harsh environments such as mountains. The laying of relevant cables and the excavation of corresponding cable trenches are both difficult. In the related art, due to the lack of corresponding excavation and laying methods, there are not only potential safety hazards during construction, but also the construction quality is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for trench excavation and cable laying. By planning a reasonable target path and target specifications for the cable according to the construction drawings and the on-site situation, and then further planning a reasonable cable length, corresponding laying methods and precautions for laying in combination with the actual situation of the target wind turbine, it provides guidance for the cable laying construction process of the wind turbine, and uses a hazard source identification model to monitor the target construction images during the laying process, and gives an early warning when a target hidden danger is detected, which has the effect of improving the cable laying efficiency while reducing the cable laying cost.

[0004] The present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for trench excavation and cable laying, which is applied to a wind turbine, and the cable includes a power cable and an optical cable, and includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, according to the preset construction drawings, complete the preparation of the target construction equipment and target construction tools, and measure at the target site to obtain the target path;

[0007] In this application, the construction drawings may include cable laying schematic diagrams, cable specifications, equipment and material summary tables, etc. Preparing relevant drawings in advance is convenient for construction;

[0008] The target path is the optimal path planned after measuring according to the terrain of the target site, which can enable the power cable trench and the optical cable trench to be laid in the same trench when they can be laid in the same trench, so as to improve the construction efficiency while reducing the construction cost. At the same time, it can optimize the space layout and facilitate later maintenance;

[0009] The planning principles of the optimal path include: avoiding hazards such as mechanical external force, overheating, and corrosion to the cable, and it is necessary to detect the target site and avoid relevant areas; ensuring the shortest cable path under the condition of meeting safety requirements; at any change part of the cable in terms of laying method and all path conditions in the up, down, left, and right directions, the requirements of the allowable bending radius of the cable should be met. For example, the bending radius of a three-core cable is greater than or equal to 15 times its diameter, and the bending radius of a single-core cable is greater than or equal to 20 times its diameter; after the planning is completed, mark the center line of the trench excavation and mark the path with quicklime.

[0010] The target construction equipment and target construction tools include excavators, shovels, pickaxes, welding machines, cutting machines, jumping rammers, optical fiber fusion splicers, and electrician tools, etc.

[0011] Step S2: According to the target path, use the target construction equipment and target construction tools to complete the excavation of the target trench according to the target specifications of the target trench in the construction drawings.

[0012] In this application, after the excavation of the target trench is completed, it is also necessary to clear the bottom of the target trench to ensure the stability and safety of the cable.

[0013] The target specifications are the optimal trench specifications in terms of meeting the number, diameter, and safety of the cables, etc.

[0014] Step S3: According to the types of the target electrical equipment in the target wind turbine generator, the target path, and the target specifications, determine the length of the target cable. According to the soil conditions of the target trench and the types of the target electrical equipment, determine the laying method and laying precautions of the target cable.

[0015] In this application, due to considerations such as terrain elevation changes, expansion joints and detour reserve margins, design specifications and safety margins, etc., after combining the positions of the target electrical equipment, the target path, and the target specifications, the length of the target cable will be greater than the length of the target path; for different types of target electrical equipment, due to different installation positions and cable types, the ratio of the cable length to the target path will also be different; according to different soil conditions, it can be directly laid or laid after taking relevant protection measures, and different laying methods will also correspond to different laying precautions to ensure the stability and safety of the cable.

[0016] Step S4: Conduct cable laying according to the length, laying method, and laying precautions of the target cable. During the laying process, use the hazard source identification model to monitor the target construction images and give early warnings when target hazards are detected.

[0017] To ensure construction safety, during the construction process, in addition to manually implementing various safety measures, the construction process is monitored in real time according to the hazard identification model, which can further improve the safety during the construction process.

[0018] To better implement the present invention, further, the target specifications include a target slope ratio, a target depth, and a target bottom width.

[0019] The relationship between the target cable and the target bottom width satisfies W = W1 + W2 * (n1 + n2 - 1) + n1 * d1 + n2 * d2, where W1 is the first foundation bottom width, W2 is the second foundation bottom width, n1 is the number of cables, n2 is the number of optical cables, d1 is the cable diameter, and d2 is the diameter of the optical cable protection pipe.

[0020] By adopting this embodiment, a reasonable trench specification can be obtained while ensuring construction efficiency and safety; the first foundation bottom width and the second foundation bottom width are determined according to the actual number of cables and the cable diameter. A preferred ratio of the first foundation bottom width to the second foundation bottom width is 6:5, and a preferred target slope ratio is 1:0.3.

[0021] To better implement the present invention, further, the laying methods include direct burial laying, direct burial laying through pipes, and cable trench laying.

[0022] The laying precautions include that the first minimum allowable distance between cables is greater than the first safety distance, and the second minimum allowable distance between the cable and the avoidance object is greater than the second safety distance.

[0023] By adopting this embodiment, according to different soil conditions, choosing direct burial laying, direct burial laying through pipes, or cable trench laying can ensure the stability and safety of the cables while controlling costs and construction periods.

[0024] The first minimum allowable distance includes the minimum allowable distance between control cables, the minimum allowable distance between power cables or between power cables and control cables, the minimum allowable distance between cables used by different departments, the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the underground pipe trench, and the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the railway, etc.

[0025] The second minimum allowable distance includes the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the building foundation, the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the roadside of the road, the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the drainage ditch, the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the main trunk of the tree, the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the overhead power pole below 1 kV, and the minimum allowable distance between the cable and the overhead line tower foundation above 1 kV, etc.

[0026] To better implement the present invention, further, when directly buried, the first minimum allowable distance further includes a first minimum parallel allowable distance and a first minimum crossing allowable distance;

[0027] Adopting this embodiment, by separately setting the minimum allowable distance according to different configurations of the cable parallel to the cable and the cable crossing the cable, the stability and safety of the cable are further ensured.

[0028] To better implement the present invention, further, the cable from the outlet of the fan box transformer to the cable terminal on the tower is directly buried;

[0029] For the cable in the inlet section of the booster station, the cable outside the station is directly buried, and the cable inside the station is laid in a cable trench;

[0030] The cable crossing the road is directly buried through a pipe;

[0031] Adopting this embodiment, different laying methods are set according to the soil conditions of the target trench and the type of the target electrical equipment, further ensuring the stability and safety of the cable.

[0032] To better implement the present invention, further, the matters needing attention in laying also include matters needing attention in cable grounding, matters needing attention in fire prevention of the cable channel, matters needing attention in waterproofing of the cable channel, and matters needing attention in the cable leading-down method;

[0033] Adopting this embodiment and constructing according to each matter needing attention in laying can not only ensure the safety during construction, but also further ensure the stability and safety of the cable after laying.

[0034] To better implement the present invention, further, the matters needing attention in the cable leading-down method include:

[0035] When the target cable is led down from the tower body, a protection pipe is installed on the part of the target cable that is higher than the specified protection height above the ground, and the protection pipe is fixed by a fastening device;

[0036] When using a high-voltage composite post insulator to control the steel core aluminum stranded wire as the target cable for leading down the tower body, the first gap between the target cable and the tower body member is greater than or equal to the second gap during live working;

[0037] Adopting this embodiment, installing a protection pipe at the specified height can further ensure the stability and safety of the cable after laying; when leading down, ensuring that there is enough distance between the target cable and the tower body member can not only ensure the safety during construction, but also further ensure the stability and safety of the cable after laying.

[0038] To better implement the present invention, further, the target hidden dangers include:

[0039] Hidden dangers of construction electricity use and hidden dangers of construction machinery

[0040] The hidden dangers of construction electricity use include abnormal distances of electrical equipment and lack of electrical identification

[0041] The hidden dangers of construction machinery include failure to wear protective equipment, lack of protective measures, illegal installation of machinery, and illegal use of machinery

[0042] By adopting this embodiment, some potential hazards that may occur during construction can be identified to ensure safety during construction

[0043] To better implement the present invention, further, the hazard source identification model is configured to perform object detection on the target construction image and obtain the distance between specified objects

[0044] By adopting this embodiment, through object detection, the lack of electrical identification, failure to wear protective equipment, lack of protective measures, illegal installation of machinery, and illegal use of machinery are identified. At the same time, by obtaining the distance between specified objects, the abnormal distance of electrical equipment is identified

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects

[0046] (1) By formulating the target path and target specifications, while improving the construction efficiency, the construction cost can also be reduced. At the same time, the spatial layout can be optimized and the later maintenance can be facilitated

[0047] (2) By reasonably setting the length of the target cable, formulating the laying method and laying precautions, while improving the construction efficiency, the construction cost can also be reduced. At the same time, the stability and safety of the cable can be ensured

[0048] (3) By monitoring during construction through the hazard source identification model, the safety during the construction process is further improved Brief Description of the Drawings

[0049] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the following drawings and embodiments. All innovative concepts of the present invention should be regarded as the disclosed content and the protection scope of the present invention

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 1 of a trench excavation and cable laying method in the present application Detailed Embodiments

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] A trench excavation and cable laying method in this embodiment is applied to a wind turbine generator. The cable includes a power cable and an optical cable. As Figure 1 shown, it includes the following steps

[0053] Step S1: Prepare the target construction equipment and target construction tools according to the preset construction drawings, and conduct measurements at the target site to obtain the target path.

[0054] Step S2: According to the target path, use the target construction equipment and target construction tools to complete the excavation of the target trench in accordance with the target specifications of the target trench in the construction drawings.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, mechanical excavation and manual bottom cleaning are adopted for trench excavation to ensure the excavation efficiency and bottom cleaning effect.

[0056] Step S3: Determine the length of the target cable according to the types of the target electrical equipment in the target wind turbine, the target path, and the target specifications, and determine the laying method and precautions for laying the target cable according to the soil conditions of the target trench and the types of the target electrical equipment.

[0057] Specifically, in areas with uniform soil quality, no chemical corrosion, and no large amounts of stones and other sundries, direct burial laying can be carried out. In sections with strong acid or alkali corrosion, serious influence of stray current electrochemical corrosion, or vulnerable to external damage, pipe - buried direct laying is adopted.

[0058] Step S4: Conduct cable laying according to the length, laying method, and precautions for laying the target cable. During the laying process, use a hazard identification model to monitor the target construction images and give an alarm when a target hazard is detected.

[0059] Specifically, when giving an alarm, relevant information can be sent to the nearest audible and visual alarm device to the hazard source, or an alarm message can be sent to the relevant personnel responsible for safety management.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 1 and is applied to a mountain area with an altitude of 1200 meters. In this embodiment, the target specifications include the target slope ratio, target depth, and target bottom width.

[0062] The relationship between the target cable and the target bottom width satisfies W = W1 + W2*(n1 + n2 - 1)+n1*d1 + n2*d2, where W1 is the first foundation bottom width, W2 is the second foundation bottom width, n1 is the number of cables, n2 is the number of optical cables, d1 is the cable diameter, and d2 is the diameter of the optical cable protection pipe.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, according to the actual number and diameter of cables, the first basic bottom width is 300 cm, the second basic bottom width is 250 cm, the target slope ratio is 1:0.3, and the target depth is greater than or equal to 1.4 m. At the same time, through calculation, the ratio of the total cable length between the fan box transformer and the iron tower and between the terminal tower and the booster station switchgear to the corresponding target path is 1.2:1.

[0064] In this embodiment, the laying methods include direct burial laying, direct burial laying through pipes, and cable trench laying;

[0065] The laying precautions include that the first minimum allowable distance between cables is greater than the first safety distance, and the second minimum allowable distance between cables and avoidance objects is greater than the second safety distance.

[0066] Specifically, in this embodiment, most cables are laid by direct burial. For example, the cables from the fan box transformer outlet to the cable terminal on the tower and the cables outside the station section of the booster station inlet use; the section crossing the road uses direct burial laying through hot-dip galvanized steel pipes; the cables inside the station section of the booster station inlet use cable trench laying;

[0067] The laying precautions for direct burial laying also include:

[0068] Avoid sections with strong acid, alkali corrosion or serious influence of stray current electrochemical corrosion;

[0069] When there is no protective measure, avoid termite damage areas, heat source influence and sections vulnerable to external damage;

[0070] When excavating the cable trench, slope according to the soil type or use a retaining board for support;

[0071] When repairing the ground, obvious cable signs should be set on the road, and eye-catching cable sign posts should be set every 100 m in the straight section and at cable branches, turns, joints, and entrances to buildings;

[0072] It is prohibited to lay cables parallel to other pipes up and down. When the cable turns, it must ensure that the requirements for the cable turning radius are met.

[0073] In this embodiment, when laying by direct burial, the first minimum allowable distance also includes the first minimum parallel allowable distance and the first minimum cross allowable distance.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the detailed minimum allowable distances for direct burial laying are shown in the following table:

[0075]

[0076] Note: ① When separated by a partition or the cable passes through a pipe, it shall not be less than 0.25 m;

[0077] ②When separated by a partition or when cables pass through pipes, the distance shall not be less than 0.1 m;

[0078] ③In special cases, the reduced value shall not be less than 50%.

[0079] In this embodiment, the matters needing attention in cable laying also include matters needing attention in cable grounding, matters needing attention in fire prevention of cable channels, matters needing attention in waterproofing of cable channels, and matters needing attention in the cable leading-down method.

[0080] Specifically, the matters needing attention in cable grounding include directly grounding the metal sheath of the cable terminal; the matters needing attention in fire prevention of cable channels include plugging the outlet parts of each cable through pipe with fireproof putty after cable laying is completed, and fireproof paint shall be applied to other exposed cable sections; the matters needing attention in waterproofing of cable channels include that when the direct burial laying method is adopted, waterproof measures are not considered for the channel, and waterproof cables are used for the cables.

[0081] In this embodiment, the matters needing attention in the cable leading-down method include:

[0082] When the target cable is led down from the tower body, a protection pipe is installed on the part of the target cable that is higher than the specified protection height above the ground, and a fastening device is used to fix the protection pipe;

[0083] When using a high-voltage composite post insulator to control the ACSR as the target cable for leading down the tower body, the first gap between the target cable and the tower body members is greater than or equal to the second gap during live working.

[0084] Specifically, in this embodiment, the specified protection height is 3000 mm; the high-voltage composite post insulator is a 35 kV composite post insulator; the second gap during live working is 0.65 m.

[0085] In this embodiment, the target hidden dangers include:

[0086] Hidden dangers in construction electricity use and hidden dangers in construction machinery;

[0087] The hidden dangers in construction electricity use include abnormal distances of electrical equipment and no electrical signs are set;

[0088] The hidden dangers in construction machinery include not wearing protective appliances, not setting protective measures, illegal installation of machinery, and illegal use of machinery.

[0089] In this embodiment, the hazard identification model is configured to perform object detection on the target construction image and obtain the distance between specified objects.

[0090] Specifically, in this embodiment, the hazard source identification model adopts the YOLOv8 model. By performing data preprocessing and annotation on the collected hazard source data, a hazard source dataset is obtained, including collecting image or video data containing the required detection targets, such as image or video data containing workers wearing protective equipment and not wearing protective equipment, having protective measures set and not having protective measures set, proper installation of machinery and equipment and illegal installation of machinery and equipment, etc. Use annotation tools to perform object detection annotation on the images, mark the position of the bounding box of the target. For targets that require distance detection, such as, record the actual distances between the distribution box and the switch box, between the switch box and the fixed electrical equipment it controls, the height of the lamps from the ground in humid places, etc., and mark them in the annotation. Finally, convert the annotated data into an annotation file in the txt or yaml format required by YOLOv8; in addition, to ensure data diversity, the data should also include data of different angles, lighting conditions, occlusion situations, etc., and perform data augmentation, such as augmenting the annotated data, such as rotation, scaling, flipping, etc.; after obtaining the hazard source dataset, configure the training parameters of YOLOv8 according to the actual detection requirements, such as learning rate, batch size, number of iterations, etc., and then the YOLOv8 model can be trained;

[0091] To achieve distance detection, it is also necessary to calibrate according to parameters such as the focal length and viewing angle of the camera to convert the pixel distance into the actual distance.

[0092] In this embodiment, specific hazard sources include not hanging a power outage sign during mechanical maintenance, the distance between the distribution box and the switch box being greater than 30 meters, the horizontal distance between the switch box and the fixed electrical equipment it controls being greater than 3 meters, the height of the lamps from the ground in humid places not meeting the requirements, no rain protection measures in the reinforcement machinery operation area, not wearing insulating shoes or not wearing insulating gloves when operating electric tools (such as frog rammers), using metal pipe scaffolding instead of the neutral line, etc., which can be identified by the hazard source identification model; of course, it also includes some hazard sources that need to be manually identified, such as not using plugs according to regulations for wiring, damage to the leakage protector, etc.

[0093] Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, so they will not be elaborated here.

[0094] In summary, the beneficial effects of this embodiment also include:

[0095] Further set reasonable target specifications such as the target slope ratio, target depth, and target bottom width, and set a reasonable ratio of the cable length to the corresponding target path between some equipment of the wind turbine generator. While improving the construction efficiency, it can also reduce the construction cost;

[0096] Further set a reasonable laying method for some cables of some wind turbine generators, which can reduce the construction cost while ensuring safety;

[0097] A reasonable first minimum allowable distance is planned for partial cables during direct burial laying, further improving the safety and stability of the cables of the wind turbine generator during use;

[0098] Reasonable laying precautions are planned, further improving the safety and stability of the cables of the wind turbine generator during use;

[0099] A reasonable hazard identification model is adopted to identify specific hazards, further improving the safety during construction.

[0100] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trench excavation and cable laying method, characterized in that: Applied to a wind turbine generator set, the cables include electrical cables and optical cables, and include the following steps: Step S1: According to the preset construction drawings, prepare the target construction equipment and target construction tools, and perform measurement at the target site to obtain the target path; Step S2, according to the target path, using the target construction equipment and target construction tools, and completing the excavation of the target trench according to the target specifications of the target trench in the construction drawing; Step S3, determining the length of the target cable according to the type of each target electrical equipment in the target wind turbine generator set, the target path and the target specification, and determining the laying method and laying precautions of the target cable according to the soil conditions of the target trench and the type of the target electrical equipment; Step S4: Lay the cable according to the length, laying method and laying precautions of the target cable. During the laying process, use the hazard source identification model to monitor the target construction image and issue an early warning when a target hidden danger is detected.

2. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target specifications include target slope ratio, target depth and target bottom width; The relationship between the target cable and the target bottom width satisfies W=W1+W2*(n1+n2-1)+n1*d1+n2d2, wherein W1 is the first basic bottom width, W2 is the second basic bottom width, n1 is the number of cables, n2 is the number of optical cables, d1 is the cable diameter, and d2 is the diameter of the optical cable protection tube.

3. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying methods include direct burial laying, direct burial laying through pipes and cable trench laying; The laying precautions include that a first minimum allowable distance between cables is greater than a first safety distance, and a second minimum allowable distance between cables and avoidance objects is greater than a second safety distance.

4. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When directly buried, the first minimum allowable distance also includes a first minimum parallel allowable distance and a first minimum crossing allowable distance.

5. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cable from the fan box transformer to the cable terminal on the tower is laid directly buried; The cables of the booster station entrance section are laid directly buried outside the station and laid in cable trenches inside the station. Cables crossing roads are laid directly behind the road in pipes.

6. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying precautions also include cable grounding precautions, cable channel fire prevention precautions, cable channel waterproofing precautions and cable lowering method precautions.

7. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The precautions for the cable lowering method include: When the target cable is led down the tower, a protection tube is installed at the portion of the target cable above the designated protection height on the ground and the protection tube is fixed by a fastening device; When a high-voltage composite post insulator is used to control a steel-core aluminum stranded wire as a target cable for lowering the tower body, a first gap between the target cable and the tower body component is greater than or equal to a second gap during live working.

8. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target hidden dangers include: hidden dangers of construction electricity use and hidden dangers of construction machinery and equipment; The hidden dangers of construction electricity use include abnormal distance between electrical equipment and failure to set up electrical signs; The hidden dangers of construction machinery include not wearing protective equipment, not setting up protective measures, illegal installation of machinery and illegal use of machinery.

9. A trench excavation and cable laying method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hazard source identification model is configured to perform target detection on the target construction image and obtain the distance between designated targets.

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