Tray-free goods carrying and stacking method

Abstract

The invention provides a pallet-free goods carrying and stacking method. The pallet-free goods carrying and stacking method comprises the steps that a packaging barrel is conveyed to a conveying roller way with two longitudinal notch grooves; the empty rail crane structure is moved towards the conveying roller way, and fork teeth are aligned with longitudinal notch grooves of the conveying roller way to horizontally move to the position below the packaging barrel; the packaging barrel is clamped by the clamping jaw and is lifted upwards, so that the packaging barrel is separated from the conveying roller way; and the paper base plate is conveyed to a gap between the fork teeth and the packaging barrel, and the fork teeth support the paper base plate. According to the pallet-free goods carrying and stacking method, the paper base plate can be supported through the fork teeth, the packaging barrels are clamped through the clamping jaws, and the pallet-free packaging barrels are carried and stacked on a flat truck through combined operation of the conveying roller way with the longitudinal notch groove and the empty rail structure, so that the carrying and stacking cost is greatly reduced, and the pallet-free goods carrying and stacking method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the use of trays is reduced, so that the platform trailer can load more goods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of loading, and particularly to a method for handling and stacking goods without pallets. Background Art

[0002] Currently, when handling and stacking common packaging barrels, the packaging barrels need to be placed on pallets, and the pallets are lifted by equipment such as forklifts to achieve the handling and stacking operations of the packaging barrels.

[0003] However, the pallet itself has a large structural size, and the pallet belongs to consumables. After long-term use, the pallet is prone to wear and damage, resulting in an increase in usage costs.

[0004] In engineering practice, there are some packaging barrels that can be handled and stacked without the aid of pallets, but these packaging barrels usually require a combination of manual and mechanical methods to achieve. That is to say, although there is no need to use a large-sized pallet structure, it is still necessary to place paper pads under the pallet. However, the structural stability of the paper pads themselves is poor, and it is very difficult to operate them mechanically. Moreover, during the placement process of the pads, manual operation has a great deal of randomness, resulting in the situation that some steel barrels are not fully supported by the pads at the bottom. Therefore, the conventional handling and stacking without pallets have extremely high operation difficulties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for handling and stacking goods without pallets, which creatively combines the cooperative operation of fork teeth and clamping jaws. The paper pads are placed on the fork teeth, and the clamping jaws are used to clamp the packaging barrels, thereby solving the problems of handling and stacking packaging barrels without pallets.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0007] A method for handling and stacking goods without pallets, which utilizes an overhead crane structure. The overhead crane structure adopts clamping jaws and fork teeth, where the clamping jaws are located directly above the fork teeth and are arranged in a 2×2 pattern to form four. The fork teeth can be horizontally retracted backward and vertically retracted upward through a telescopic mechanism. The method includes:

[0008] Step A10: Simultaneously convey the packaging barrels to a conveying roller path with two longitudinal notch grooves in a 2×2 layout manner; the two longitudinal notch grooves are adapted to the fork teeth so that the fork teeth can be inserted into the notch grooves through the lower part of the packaging barrels.

[0009] Step A20: Move the overhead crane structure towards the conveying roller path, lower the fork teeth to a height lower than the upper surface of the conveying roller path, and then horizontally move them to the lower part of the packaging barrels by aligning with the longitudinal notch grooves of the conveying roller path. At this time, the clamping jaws are directly above the packaging barrels.

[0010] Step A30: Use the gripper to grasp the packaging barrel and lift the packaging barrel upward to separate the packaging barrel from the conveying roller path. At the same time, the fork teeth are also lifted vertically upward from the longitudinal notch groove, and there is a gap between the fork teeth and the bottom surface of the packaging barrel at this time;

[0011] Step A40: Send the paper cushion plate to the gap between the fork teeth and the packaging barrel, and make the fork teeth support the paper cushion plate;

[0012] Step A50: Move the overhead crane structure above the carriage of the flatbed truck and determine whether the stacking position is the carriage bottom plate or the top of other packaging barrels, and stack them respectively:

[0013] If the stacking position is the carriage bottom plate, first drive the overhead crane structure to descend so that the bottom of the fork teeth approaches the carriage bottom plate; then finely adjust the inclination angle of the fork teeth to make the front end of the fork teeth tilt downward; then keep the gripper and the packaging barrel in place, horizontally retract the fork teeth backward to make the paper cushion plate fall to the stacking position; then lift the fork teeth upward, move the gripper downward at the same time, and when the bottom surface of the packaging barrel touches the paper cushion plate, release the gripper to make the packaging barrel sit on the paper cushion plate; then lift the overhead crane structure upward and reset the gripper and the fork teeth to prepare for lifting the next group of packaging barrels;

[0014] If the stacking position is the top of other packaging barrels, first drive the overhead crane structure to descend so that the bottom of the fork teeth approaches the top of the packaging barrel; then finely adjust the inclination angle of the fork teeth to make the front end of the fork teeth tilt downward; then keep the gripper and the packaging barrel in place, horizontally retract the fork teeth backward to make the paper cushion plate fall to the top of the packaging barrel; then move the gripper downward, and when the bottom surface of the packaging barrel touches the paper cushion plate, release the gripper to make the packaging barrel sit on the paper cushion plate; then lift the overhead crane structure upward and reset the gripper and the fork teeth to prepare for lifting the next group of packaging barrels.

[0015] In step A50, it also includes the step of identifying and positioning the stacking position, specifically using the method of image recognition.

[0016] In step A50, during the process of moving the overhead crane structure above the carriage of the flatbed truck, a 180-degree rotation of the fork teeth and the packaging barrel is completed, making the direction of the fork teeth reverse.

[0017] The conveying roller path used in step A10 is a three-section conveying roller path, that is, three conveying roller paths with narrower widths are arranged in parallel, and a spacing is reserved between adjacent two conveying roller paths, thus forming a longitudinal notch groove.

[0018] The structure of the overhead crane adopts a method that can move horizontally along the overhead track. The structure of the overhead crane includes a longitudinal moving frame, a transverse moving frame connected to the longitudinal moving frame and capable of moving horizontally, a vertical driving mechanism connected to the transverse moving frame, a rotating mechanism connected to the bottom of the vertical driving mechanism, four clamping jaws and fork teeth connected to the bottom of the rotating mechanism. Among them, the fork teeth achieve horizontal movement through a horizontal telescopic mechanism and lifting movement through a vertical telescopic mechanism. An inclination adjustment mechanism is also provided on the fork teeth to adjust the inclination angle between the fork teeth and the horizontal plane.

[0019] Among them, the longitudinal moving frame adopts a long rectangular frame shape, and a transverse support track can be set on it to support the transverse moving frame;

[0020] The transverse moving frame is movably connected to the longitudinal moving frame to achieve horizontal movement; the transverse moving frame can achieve horizontal movement through methods such as linear guide rails, rollers, cylinder drive, and rack drive;

[0021] The vertical driving mechanism can achieve vertical movement through methods such as chain drive, belt drive, and cylinder drive. The vertical driving mechanism can drive the rotating mechanism, clamping jaws, and fork teeth below it to move up and down synchronously;

[0022] The rotating mechanism adopts a method of driving a small gear by a motor and then driving a gear ring to achieve rotational drive. Among them, the motor is installed on the vertical driving mechanism, and the rotating mechanism can drive the clamping jaws and fork teeth to rotate around the center of the gear ring;

[0023] The clamping jaws can be connected to the lower part of the gear ring of the rotating mechanism through a vertical telescopic cylinder.

[0024] Both the horizontal telescopic mechanism and the vertical telescopic mechanism of the fork teeth can adopt a telescopic beam structure. A cylinder is arranged inside the telescopic beam to drive the telescopic movement, or other conventional telescopic structures can also be used.

[0025] The inclination adjustment mechanism of the fork teeth can adopt a combination of a cam mechanism and a hinge seat mechanism. The hinge seat mechanism is located below the cam mechanism, providing rotational support through the hinge seat mechanism and adjusting the inclination angle of the fork teeth through the cam mechanism.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] The method for handling and stacking goods without a pallet provided by the present invention can use the fork teeth to support the paper pallet, clamp the packaging barrel through the clamping jaws, and operate in combination with a conveying roller path with a longitudinal notch groove and an overhead track structure to achieve the handling and stacking of the packaging barrel without a pallet on a flatbed truck, thereby greatly reducing the handling and stacking costs, reducing the use of pallets, and enabling the flatbed trailer to load more goods. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1Schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Side view of the aerial rail crane of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic structure diagram of the conveying roller path and the packaging barrel of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the clamping jaws lift the packaging barrel, and then a paper cushion plate is placed on the fork teeth;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the clamping jaws lift the packaging barrel, the fork teeth are inclined, and the paper cushion plate inclines downward along the fork teeth;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the aerial rail crane places the paper cushion plate on the packaging barrel, and the fork teeth have retracted a certain distance. At this time, one end of the paper cushion plate has fallen on the packaging barrel;

[0036] Figure 9 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the aerial rail crane places the paper cushion plate on the packaging barrel, and the fork teeth have completely retracted. At this time, the paper cushion plate has all fallen on the packaging barrel;

[0037] Figure 10 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the aerial rail crane uses the cylinder on the clamping jaws to move downward, so that the packaging barrel falls on the paper cushion plate on the bottom packaging barrel;

[0038] Figure 11 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the aerial rail crane completely releases the packaging barrel, and the clamping jaws return to their original positions;

[0039] Figure 12 Schematic structure diagram of the aerial rail crane of the present invention lifting the packaging barrel. In the figure, the aerial rail crane places the paper cushion plate on the carriage floor of the flatbed truck. At this time, the fork teeth have completely retracted and are lifted upward to a height higher than the bottom of the packaging barrel to facilitate the release of the packaging barrel onto the lower paper cushion plate.

[0040] In the figure:

[0041] 10 - Longitudinal translation frame, 20 - Transverse translation frame, 30 - Vertical drive mechanism, 40 - Rotation mechanism, 50 - Claw, 60 - Fork teeth, 70 - Packaging barrel, 80 - Conveyor roller path, 90 - Paper cushion board. Detailed implementation mode

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0043] Embodiment

[0044] As Figures 1-12 shown, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for handling and stacking goods without a pallet. With the help of an overhead crane structure, the overhead crane structure uses claws and fork teeth. The claws are located directly above the fork teeth and are arranged in a 2×2 layout as four. The fork teeth can be horizontally retracted backward and vertically retracted upward through a telescopic mechanism. The method includes:

[0045] Step A10: Simultaneously transport the packaging barrels to the conveyor roller path with two longitudinal notch grooves in a 2×2 layout; the two longitudinal notch grooves are adapted to the fork teeth so that the fork teeth can be inserted into the notch grooves through the bottom of the packaging barrels.

[0046] Step A20: Move the overhead crane structure towards the conveyor roller path, lower the fork teeth to a height lower than the upper surface of the conveyor roller path, and then horizontally move to the bottom of the packaging barrels by aligning with the longitudinal notch grooves of the conveyor roller path. At this time, the claws are directly above the packaging barrels.

[0047] Step A30: Use the claws to grip the packaging barrels and lift the packaging barrels upward to separate the packaging barrels from the conveyor roller path. At the same time, the fork teeth are also lifted vertically upward from the longitudinal notch grooves, and there is a gap between the fork teeth and the bottom surface of the packaging barrels at this time.

[0048] Step A40: Send the paper cushion board to the gap between the fork teeth and the packaging barrels and make the fork teeth support the paper cushion board.

[0049] Step A50: Move the overhead crane structure above the carriage of the flatbed truck and determine whether the stacking position is the carriage floor or the top of other packaging barrels for separate stacking:

[0050] If the stacking position is the carriage floor, first drive the overhead crane structure downward so that the bottom of the fork teeth approaches the carriage floor; then finely adjust the inclination angle of the fork teeth so that the front end of the fork teeth tilts downward; then keep the position of the clamping jaws and the packaging barrel unchanged, horizontally retract the fork teeth backward so that the paper cushion plate falls to the stacking position; then lift the fork teeth upward, move the clamping jaws downward at the same time, and release the clamping jaws when the bottom surface of the packaging barrel touches the paper cushion plate so that the packaging barrel sits on the paper cushion plate; then lift the overhead crane structure upward, and reset the clamping jaws and the fork teeth to prepare for lifting the next group of packaging barrels;

[0051] If the stacking position is the top of other packaging barrels, first drive the overhead crane structure downward so that the bottom of the fork teeth approaches the top of the packaging barrel; then finely adjust the inclination angle of the fork teeth so that the front end of the fork teeth tilts downward; then keep the position of the clamping jaws and the packaging barrel unchanged, horizontally retract the fork teeth backward so that the paper cushion plate falls to the top of the packaging barrel; then move the clamping jaws downward, and release the clamping jaws when the bottom surface of the packaging barrel touches the paper cushion plate so that the packaging barrel sits on the paper cushion plate; then lift the overhead crane structure upward, and reset the clamping jaws and the fork teeth to prepare for lifting the next group of packaging barrels.

[0052] In step A50, it also includes the step of identifying and positioning the stacking position, specifically using the method of image recognition.

[0053] In step A50, during the process of the overhead crane structure moving above the carriage of the flatbed truck, a 180-degree rotation of the fork teeth and the packaging barrel is completed, making the direction of the fork teeth reverse.

[0054] The conveying roller path used in step A10 is a three-section conveying roller path, that is, three relatively narrow conveying roller paths are arranged in parallel, and a spacing is reserved between adjacent two conveying roller paths, thus forming a longitudinal notch groove.

[0055] The overhead crane structure adopts a way that can move horizontally along the overhead rail. The overhead crane structure includes a longitudinal movement frame, a transverse movement frame connected to the longitudinal movement frame and capable of moving horizontally, a vertical driving mechanism connected to the transverse movement frame, a rotating mechanism connected to the bottom of the vertical driving mechanism, four clamping jaws and fork teeth connected to the bottom of the rotating mechanism. Among them, the fork teeth realize horizontal movement through a horizontal telescopic mechanism, realize lifting movement through a vertical telescopic mechanism, and an inclination angle adjusting mechanism is also provided on the fork teeth to adjust the inclination angle between the fork teeth and the horizontal plane.

[0056] Among them, the longitudinal movement frame adopts a long rectangular shape, and a transverse support rail can be set on it to support the transverse movement frame;

[0057] The transverse movement frame is movably connected to the longitudinal movement frame to realize horizontal movement; the transverse movement frame can realize horizontal movement through ways such as linear guide rails, rollers, cylinder drive, rack drive, etc.;

[0058] The vertical driving mechanism can achieve vertical movement by means of chain drive, belt drive, cylinder drive, etc. The vertical driving mechanism can drive the rotating mechanism, gripper, and fork teeth below it to move up and down synchronously;

[0059] The rotating mechanism realizes rotational drive by means of a motor driving a pinion to drive a gear ring. The motor is installed on the vertical driving mechanism, and the rotating mechanism can drive the gripper and fork teeth to rotate around the center of the gear ring;

[0060] The gripper can be connected to the lower part of the gear ring of the rotating mechanism by means of a vertical telescopic cylinder.

[0061] The horizontal telescopic mechanism and vertical telescopic mechanism of the fork teeth can both adopt a telescopic beam structure. A cylinder is arranged inside the telescopic beam to drive the telescopic movement, or other conventional telescopic structures can also be adopted.

[0062] The mechanism for adjusting the inclination angle of the fork teeth can adopt a combination of a cam mechanism and a hinge seat mechanism. The hinge seat mechanism is located below the cam mechanism, providing rotational support through the hinge seat mechanism and adjusting the inclination angle of the fork teeth through the cam mechanism.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0064] The method for handling and stacking goods without a pallet provided by the present invention can support a paper pallet through the fork teeth, grip a packaging barrel through the gripper, and operate in combination with a conveying roller path with a longitudinal notch groove and an empty rail structure, realizing the handling and stacking of packaging barrels without a pallet on a flatbed truck. Thereby, the handling and stacking costs are greatly reduced, and the use of pallets is reduced, enabling the flatbed trailer to load more goods.

[0065] Note that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described here. Various obvious changes, re-adjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, more other equivalent embodiments can be included, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for transporting and stacking goods without a pallet, characterized in that: With the aid of an aerial rail crane structure, the aerial rail crane structure adopts a clamp and a fork, wherein the clamp is located directly above the fork and is arranged in four pieces in a 2×2 manner, and the fork can be horizontally withdrawn and vertically retracted upward through a telescopic mechanism; the method comprises: Step A10, the packaging barrels are simultaneously conveyed in a 2×2 layout onto a conveying roller with two longitudinal notches; the two longitudinal notches are adapted to the fork teeth so that the fork teeth can be inserted into the notches through the bottom of the packaging barrel; Step A20, move the empty rail crane structure toward the conveyor roller, lower the fork tine to a height lower than the upper surface of the conveyor roller, and then align the fork tine with the longitudinal notch of the conveyor roller and move it horizontally to the bottom of the packaging barrel, so that the clamping claw is directly above the packaging barrel; Step A30, using the clamping claws to clamp the packaging barrel and lift the packaging barrel upward to separate the packaging barrel from the conveying roller, and at the same time, the fork tine is lifted vertically upward from the longitudinal notch groove, and at this time, there is a gap between the fork tine and the bottom surface of the packaging barrel; Step A40: Send the paper pad to the gap between the fork tines and the packaging barrel, and make the fork tines support the paper pad.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further includes step A50, moving the aerial rail crane structure to the top of the compartment of the flatbed truck, and determining whether the stacking position is the compartment floor or the top of other packaging barrels, so as to stack them separately.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that If the stacking position is the car floor, first drive the aerial crane structure downward to make the bottom of the fork tine close to the car floor; then fine-tune the inclination of the fork tine to make the front end of the fork tine tilt downward; then keep the position of the clamping jaws and the packaging barrel unchanged, and retract the fork tine horizontally backward to make the paper pad fall to the stacking position; then lift the fork tine upward and move the clamping jaw downward at the same time, and when the bottom surface of the packaging barrel contacts the paper pad, release the clamping jaw to make the packaging barrel sit on the paper pad; then lift the aerial crane structure upward, reset the clamping jaws and fork tine, and prepare to lift the next group of packaging barrels.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the stacking position is on top of other packaging barrels, first drive the aerial crane structure downward to make the bottom of the fork tine close to the top of the packaging barrel; then fine-tune the inclination of the fork tine to make the front end of the fork tine tilt downward; then keep the position of the clamp and the packaging barrel unchanged, retract the fork tine horizontally backward, and make the paper pad fall to the top of the packaging barrel; then move the clamp downward, and when the bottom surface of the packaging barrel touches the paper pad, release the clamp to make the packaging barrel sit on the paper pad; then lift the aerial crane structure upward, reset the clamp and fork tine, and prepare to lift the next group of packaging barrels.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step A50 also includes a step of identifying and locating the stacking position, specifically by image recognition.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step A50, the aerial rail crane structure completes a 180-degree rotation of the fork tines and the packaging barrel while moving to the top of the compartment of the flatbed truck, thereby reversing the direction of the fork tines.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The conveyor roller used in step A10 is a three-section conveyor roller, that is, three conveyor rollers with narrow widths are arranged in parallel, and a distance is reserved between two adjacent conveyor rollers, thereby forming a longitudinal notch groove.

Images